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Journal articles on the topic 'Combined gas and steam (COGAS)'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 12 February 2022

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1

Jefferson, M., P. L. Zhou, and G. Hindmarch. "Analysis by computer simulation of a combined gas turbine and steam turbine (COGAS) system for marine propulsion." Journal of Marine Engineering & Technology 2, no. 1 (January 2003): 43–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/20464177.2003.11020164.

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2

Sanneman, Bruce N. "Pioneering Gas Turbine-Electric System in Cruise Ships: A Performance Update." Marine Technology and SNAME News 41, no. 04 (October 1, 2004): 161–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.5957/mt1.2004.41.4.161.

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Recent marine projects have extended the range of applications for GE's LM aeroderivative gas turbines in commercial marine markets. The world's first all gas turbine-powered cruise ship, GTS Millennium, entered service in June 2000. The in-service performance of the combined gas turbine electric and steam system (COGES) will be discussed further in this paper.

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3

Mrzljak, Vedran, and Tomislav Mrakovčić. "Comparison of COGES and Diesel-Electric Ship Propulsion Systems." Journal of Maritime & Transportation Science Special edition, no. 1 (April 2016): 131–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.18048/2016-00.131.

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Diesel-electric ship propulsion is a frequent shipowners choice nowadays, especially on passengerships. Despite many diesel engines advantages, their primary disadvantage is emission of pollutants. As environmental standards become more stringent, the question of optimal alternative to diesel-electric propulsion arises. COGES (COmbined Gas turbine Electric and Steam) propulsion system is one of the proposals for alternative propulsion system, primarily due to significant reduction of pollutant emissions. On the other hand, gas turbines have higher specific fuel consumption in comparison with diesel engines what represents their noticeable disadvantage. However, some analyzes suggested that COGES propulsion system could be still cost-effective in comparison to diesel-electric propulsion, particularly on passenger ships where higher initial investment can be compensated by increasing the number of passenger cabins. This paper shows a comparison of above mentioned propulsion systems, which can be useful for the optimal ship propulsion system selection

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4

Cerri, G. "Parametric Analysis of Combined Gas-Steam Cycles." Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 109, no. 1 (January 1, 1987): 46–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3240005.

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Combined gas-steam cycles have been analyzed from the thermodynamic point of view. Suitable thermodynamics indices—explained in Appendix A—have been utilized. The parameters that most influence efficiency have been singled out and their ranges of variability have been specified. Calculations have been carried out—see Appendix B—taking into account the state of the art for gas turbines and the usual values for the quantities of steam cycles. The results are given. The maximal gas turbine temperature has been varied between 800°C and 1400°C. The gas turbine pressure ratio has been analyzed in the range of 2–24. Afterburning has also been taken into consideration. Maximal efficiency curves and the corresponding specific work curves (referred to the compressed air) related to the parameters of the analysis are given and discussed.

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5

Tuma, M., J. Oman, and M. Sekavc ̆nik. "Efficiency of a combined gas-steam process." Energy Conversion and Management 40, no. 11 (July 1999): 1163–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0196-8904(99)00015-1.

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6

Elhaj, Mohamed A., Jamal S. Yassin, and Ali E. Hegaig. "Thermodynamic Feasibility of Cogeneration Gas/Steam Combined Cycle." Advanced Materials Research 658 (January 2013): 425–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.658.425.

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This paper is to investigate the thermodynamic feasibility of cogeneration gas/steam combined cycle, in which a computer program, called “Cogeneration Design" has been developed using MATLAB (v7.8) for the analysis. In this cycle one can take advantage of the thermal energy to produce steam which can be used in some small and medium-sized factories such as dairy , juice, soap, paper factories, as well as in desalination plants and other industrial applications need hot water or steam. Here, the thermodynamic analysis is carried out according to three cases, (1)non condensing steam turbine, (2) condensing steam turbine, (3)extraction condensing steam turbine. The results obtained show a difference between the three studied cases, in which the overall efficiency is the highest for case (1), equal 52.82 %, then for case (3), equal 49.13 %, then for case (2), equal 45.31 %.

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7

Cerri, G., and A. Colage´. "Steam Cycle Regeneration Influence on Combined Gas-Steam Power Plant Performance." Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 107, no. 3 (July 1, 1985): 574–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3239775.

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The influence of steam cycle regeneration on combined plant performance has been analyzed from the thermodynamic point of view. A mathematical model has been developed and calculations have been performed according to a cycle analysis criterion. The higher the number of extractions the lower the relative efficiency gain. The influence of the intermediate feedwater temperatures is very small when these temperatures are slightly changed in relation to the equally spaced values. Results are given for a gas turbine firing temperature equal to 1000°C. They show a positive influence on combined cycle efficiency for small regeneration degrees. Gas turbine firing temperature in the range of 800–1400°C has been considered. The influence of the economizer inlet temperature lower limit is shown.

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8

Chmielniak, Tadeusz, Paweł Mońka, and Paweł Pilarz. "Investigation of a combined gas-steam system with flue gas recirculation." Chemical and Process Engineering 37, no. 2 (June 1, 2016): 305–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/cpe-2016-0025.

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Abstract This article presents changes in the operating parameters of a combined gas-steam cycle with a CO2 capture installation and flue gas recirculation. Parametric equations are solved in a purpose-built mathematical model of the system using the Ebsilon Professional code. Recirculated flue gases from the heat recovery boiler outlet, after being cooled and dried, are fed together with primary air into the mixer and then into the gas turbine compressor. This leads to an increase in carbon dioxide concentration in the flue gases fed into the CO2 capture installation from 7.12 to 15.7%. As a consequence, there is a reduction in the demand for heat in the form of steam extracted from the turbine for the amine solution regeneration in the CO2 capture reactor. In addition, the flue gas recirculation involves a rise in the flue gas temperature (by 18 K) at the heat recovery boiler inlet and makes it possible to produce more steam. These changes contribute to an increase in net electricity generation efficiency by 1%. The proposed model and the obtained results of numerical simulations are useful in the analysis of combined gas-steam cycles integrated with carbon dioxide separation from flue gases.

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9

Sanjay, Y., Onkar Singh, and B. N. Prasad. "Energy and exergy analysis of steam cooled reheat gas–steam combined cycle." Applied Thermal Engineering 27, no. 17-18 (December 2007): 2779–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2007.03.011.

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10

Lugand, P., and C. Parietti. "Combined Cycle Plants With Frame 9F Gas Turbines." Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 113, no. 4 (October 1, 1991): 475–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2906264.

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The new 200 MW class MS 9001F gas turbines allow combined cycle plants to reach even higher output levels and greater efficiency ratings. Size factor and higher firing temperatures, with a three-pressure level steam reheat cycle, offer plant efficiencies in excess of 53 percent. Heat recovery steam generators have been designed to accommodate catalytic reduction elements limiting flue gas NOx emissions to as low as 10 ppm VD (15 percent O2). A range of steam turbine models covers the different possible configurations. Various arrangements based on the 350 or 650 MW power generation modules can be optimally configured to the requirements of each site.

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11

Larson, E. D., and R. H. Williams. "Steam-Injected Gas Turbines." Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 109, no. 1 (January 1, 1987): 55–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3240006.

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Among cogeneration and central station power generating technologies, gas turbine systems are attractive largely because of their low capital cost and simplicity. However, poor part-load efficiencies have restricted simple-cycle gas turbines largely to base-load cogeneration applications, while relatively low efficiencies for the production of power only have restricted gas turbines largely to peaking central station applications. Steam-injected gas turbines overcome cogeneration part-load problems by providing for steam in excess of process requirements to be injected into the combustor to raise electrical output and generating efficiency. For central station applications, proposed steam-injected gas turbines would achieve higher efficiencies at smaller capacities than any existing commercial technology, including combined cycles. Their high efficiency and expected low capital cost would make them highly competitive for baseload power generation. This paper provides an overview of steam-injection technology, including performance calculations and an assessment of the economic significance of the technology for cogeneration and central station applications.

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12

Carapellucci, Roberto, and Lorena Giordano. "Upgrading existing gas-steam combined cycle power plants through steam injection and methane steam reforming." Energy 173 (April 2019): 229–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2019.02.046.

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13

Alaefour, Ibrahim, and Bale V. Reddy. "Effect of Steam Injection in Gas Turbine Combustion Chamber on the Performance of a Natural Gas Fired Combined Cycle Power Generation Unit." Applied Mechanics and Materials 110-116 (October 2011): 4574–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.110-116.4574.

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Combined cycle power generation plants are becoming popular to generate power at higher efficiencies with reduced greenhouse gas emissions. In the present work the effect of steam injection in the gas turbine combustion chamber on the performance of a natural gas fired combined cycle power plant is investigated. For a particular combined cycle power generation configuration, the effect of steam injection on the performance is conducted based on first law of thermodynamics. The steam injection influences the work output and efficiencies of gas turbine, steam turbine and combined cycle power generation unit.

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14

TSUJI, Tadashi, and Hiroyuki ISHIDA. "Enhancement of Gas-Steam Combined Cycle Performance by Gas Engine Topping." Proceedings of the National Symposium on Power and Energy Systems 2004.9 (2004): 123–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmepes.2004.9.123.

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15

Shi, Yan, Wenguo Xiang, and Shiyi Chen. "Research on Metal Supervision and Inspection Standards for Gas-steam Combined Cycle Units." E3S Web of Conferences 228 (2021): 01011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202122801011.

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Domestic gas-steam combined cycle units start and stop frequently, and the load changes greatly, which accelerate the expansion of defects, such as fatigue, cracks, and organizational deterioration of metal components. In view of the problems caused by the material selection characteristics of gas-steam combined cycle units and the daily shutdown mode, several common typical cases of gas-steam combined cycle units are analyzed, such as compressor blade fatigue fracture, main steam combined valve body fatigue cracks, pipeline and pressure vessel weld fatigue cracks. As well, the gas-steam combined cycle unit metal supervision content and inspection emphasis are studied and supplemented.

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16

Dechamps, P. J. "Advanced Combined Cycle Alternatives With the Latest Gas Turbines." Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 120, no. 2 (April 1, 1998): 350–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2818129.

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The last decade has seen remarkable improvements in industrial gas turbine size and performances. There is no doubt that the coming years are holding the promise of even more progress in these fields. As a consequence, the fuel utilization achieved by combined cycle power plants has been steadily increased. This is, however, also because of the developments in the heat recovery technology. Advances on the gas turbine side justify the development of new combined cycle schemes, with more advanced heat recovery capabilities. Hence, the system performance is spiraling upward. In this paper, we look at some of the heat recovery possibilities with the newly available gas turbine engines, characterized by a high exhaust temperature, a high specific work, and the integration of some gas turbine cooling with the boiler. The schemes range from classical dual pressure systems, to triple pressure systems with reheat in supercritical steam conditions. For each system, an optimum set of variables (steam pressures, etc.) is proposed. The effect of some changes on the steam cycle parameters, like increasing the steam temperatures above 570°C are also considered. Emphasis is also put on the influence of some special features or arrangements of the heat recovery steam generators, not only from a thermodynamic point of view.

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17

Chodkiewicz, R., J. Krysinski, and J. Porochnicki. "A Recuperated Gas Turbine Incorporating External Heat Sources in the Combined Gas-Steam Cycle." Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 124, no. 2 (March 26, 2002): 263–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1448325.

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The recuperation by means of external waste heat sources, as opposed to the recuperation of the turbine exhaust gases (to preheat the compressed air), allows one to utilize the hot exhaust gases of the gas turbine in the bottoming steam cycle to produce steam in order to generate additional power. Such a combined gas/steam energy system, closely integrated with the industrial process, can produce electric power (and useful heat) with high efficiency and very low atmospheric air pollution. In the present paper two examples of applications of this new technology have been analyzed from the economic and ecological viewpoint.

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18

Kail, C. "Evaluation of Advanced Combined Cycle Power Plants." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part A: Journal of Power and Energy 212, no. 1 (February 1998): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/095765099821200101.

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This report will analyse and evaluate the most recent and significant trends in combined cycle gas turbine (CCGT) power plant configurations. The various enhancements will be compared with the ‘simple’ gas turbine. The first trend, a gas turbine with reheat, cannot convert its better efficiency and higher output into a lower cost of electrical power. The additional investments required as well as increased maintenance costs will neutralize all the thermodynamic performance advantages. The second concept of cooling the turbine blades with steam puts very stringent requirements on the blade materials, the steam quality and the steam cooling system design. Closed-loop steam cooling of turbine blades offers cost advantages only if all its technical problems can be solved and the potential risks associated with the process can be eliminated through long demonstration programmes in the field. The third configuration, a gas turbine with a closed-loop combustion chamber cooling system, appears to be less problematic than the previous, steam-cooled turbine blades. In comparison with an open combustion chamber cooling system, this solution is more attractive due to better thermal performance and lower emissions. Either air or steam can be used as the cooling fluid.

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19

Kuryanov, Anton, Ivo Mõik, and Oksana Grigoryeva. "Combined Cycle Gas Turbine (CCGT) with Freon Steam Turbine." Applied Mechanics and Materials 792 (September 2015): 351–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.792.351.

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The article considers the prospect of a combined-cycle plant with freon as the working fluid of the steam turbine. Methodical approach to the study of such plants is expounded. For the option, CCGT with gas turbine M701G2 and use of freon R134a results of calculations of technical and economic efficiency, gas-dynamic characteristics, design-layout parameters are shown. The effectiveness of investments has been assessed.

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20

Srinivas, T., A. V. S. S. K. S. Gupta, and B. V. Reddy. "Parametric simulation of steam injected gas turbine combined cycle." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part A: Journal of Power and Energy 221, no. 7 (January 2007): 873–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/09576509jpe418.

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21

Kulyukhin, S. A., V. B. Krapukhin, V. V. Kulemin, I. A. Rumer, E. P. Krasavina, and M. P. Gorbacheva. "Combined Filter for Purifying a Radioactive Steam-Gas Mixture." Atomic Energy 125, no. 4 (February 2019): 262–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10512-019-00477-6.

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22

Kim, T. S., and S. T. Ro. "The effect of gas turbine coolant modulation on the part load performance of combined cycle plants. Part 2: Combined cycle plant." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part A: Journal of Power and Energy 211, no. 6 (September 1, 1997): 453–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/0957650981537348.

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For combined cycle plants that consist of heavy-duty gas turbine and single-pressure heat recovery steam generator, the effect of gas turbine coolant modulation on plant performance is analysed. Two distinct schemes for gas turbine load control are adopted (the fuel-only control and the variable compressor geometry control), based on the gas turbine calculation in Part 1 of this series of papers. Models for heat recovery steam generator and steam turbine are combined with the gas turbine models of Part 1 to result in a complete analysis routine for combined cycles. The purpose of gas turbine coolant modulation is to minimize coolant consumption by maintaining the turbine blade temperatures as high as possible. It is found that the coolant modulation leads to reduction in heat recovery capacity, which decreases steam cycle power. However, since the benefit of coolant modulation for the gas turbine cycle is large enough, the combine cycle efficiency is improved.

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23

Dzida, Marek, and Wojciech Olszewski. "Comparing combined gas tubrine/steam turbine and marine low speed piston engine/steam turbine systems in naval applications." Polish Maritime Research 18, no. 4 (January 1, 2011): 43–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10012-011-0025-8.

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Comparing combined gas tubrine/steam turbine and marine low speed piston engine/steam turbine systems in naval applications The article compares combined systems in naval applications. The object of the analysis is the combined gas turbine/steam turbine system which is compared to the combined marine low-speed Diesel engine/steam turbine system. The comparison refers to the additional power and efficiency increase resulting from the use of the heat in the exhaust gas leaving the piston engine or the gas turbine. In the analysis a number of types of gas turbines with different exhaust gas temperatures and two large-power low-speed piston engines have been taken into account. The comparison bases on the assumption about comparable power ranges of the main engine.

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24

Zhang, Jin Feng, Zai Xing Li, Xin Liu, and Zhong Qiang Sun. "Safety System Analysis on Gas-Steam Combined Cycle Power Plant." Advanced Materials Research 860-863 (December 2013): 1458–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.860-863.1458.

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Risk factor in gas-steam combined cycle power plant (CCPP) was identified by application of safety system engineering principles and techniques. The CCPP system was divided into gas transmission subsystem, gas turbine subsystem, waste heat boiler subsystem, steam turbine subsystem and generation & transformation subsystem. The accident-proneness areas in each subsystem were studied, and various accident-causation modes were clarified. The bursting leakage accident caused by failure of steam-water pipelines was analyzed, and evaluated with Fault Tree method. The targeted countermeasures of safe operation and management were proposed.

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25

Kumar, Sanjay, and Onkar Singh. "Performance Evaluation of Gas-Steam Combined Cycle Having Transpiration Cooled Gas Turbine." Distributed Generation & Alternative Energy Journal 28, no. 2 (April 2013): 43–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/21563306.2013.10677550.

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26

Marin, George, Dmitrii Mendeleev, and Boris Osipov. "Study of the operation of a 110 MW combined-cycle power unit at minimum loads when operating on the wholesale electricity market." E3S Web of Conferences 216 (2020): 01077. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202021601077.

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Currently, all generating equipment with a capacity of more than 25 MW operates in the wholesale electricity market. The operation of combined cycle gas turbines is complicated by the implementation of daily load schedules. A distinctive feature of the operation of combined-cycle units is the presence of a gas and steam turbine in the cycle. In this paper, the variable operating modes of a combined cycle plant are considered. The minimum effective load of a gas and steam turbine is determined. An example of the real operation of a steam turbine that is included in a combined cycle plant 110 MW power unit at an operating combined heat and power is shown. The optimal minimum load of a combined cycle gas turbine unit has been determined. As a result of the research, the values of high and low pressure steam flow rates, fuel gas consumption, steam and gas turbine power were obtained. Based on the research results, the optimal minimum load of a combined cycle gas turbine unit was found - 40 MW. This load allows the main and auxiliary equipment to work without compromising reliability.

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27

Ravi, Kumar, Krishna Rama, and Rama Sita. "Thermodynamic analysis of heat recovery steam generator in combined cycle power plant." Thermal Science 11, no. 4 (2007): 143–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci0704143r.

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Combined cycle power plants play an important role in the present energy sector. The main challenge in designing a combined cycle power plant is proper utilization of gas turbine exhaust heat in the steam cycle in order to achieve optimum steam turbine output. Most of the combined cycle developers focused on the gas turbine output and neglected the role of the heat recovery steam generator which strongly affects the overall performance of the combined cycle power plant. The present paper is aimed at optimal utilization of the flue gas recovery heat with different heat recovery steam generator configurations of single pressure and dual pressure. The combined cycle efficiency with different heat recovery steam generator configurations have been analyzed parametrically by using first law and second law of thermodynamics. It is observed that in the dual cycle high pressure steam turbine pressure must be high and low pressure steam turbine pressure must be low for better heat recovery from heat recovery steam generator.

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28

Ahluwalia, K. S., and R. Domenichini. "Dynamic Modeling of a Combined-Cycle Plant." Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 112, no. 2 (April 1, 1990): 164–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2906156.

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Greater use is being made of dynamic simulation of energy systems as a design tool for selecting control strategies and establishing operating procedures. This paper discusses the dynamic modeling of a gas-fired combined-cycle power plant with a gas turbine, a steam turbine, and an alternator—all rotating on a common shaft. A waste-heat boiler produces steam at two pressures using heat from the gas turbine flue gas. The transient behavior of the system predicted by the model for various upset situations appears physically reasonable and satisfactory for the operating constraints.

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29

Langston, Lee S. "Cogeneration: Gas Turbine Multitasking." Mechanical Engineering 134, no. 08 (August 1, 2012): 50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2012-aug-4.

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This article describes the functioning of the gas turbine cogeneration power plant at the University of Connecticut (UConn) in Storrs. This 25-MW power plant serves the 18,000 students’ campus. It has been in operation since 2006 and is expected to save the University $180M in energy costs over its 40-year design life. The heart of the UConn cogeneration plant consists of three 7-MW Solar Taurus gas turbines burning natural gas, with fuel oil as a backup. These drive water-cooled generators to produce up to 20–24 MW of electrical power distributed throughout the campus. Gas turbine exhaust heat is used to generate up to 200,000 pounds per hour of steam in heat recovery steam generators (HRSGs). The HRSGs provide high-pressure steam to power a 4.6-MW steam turbine generator set for more electrical power and low-pressure steam for campus heating. The waste heat from the steam turbine contained in low-pressure turbine exhaust steam is combined with the HRSG low-pressure steam output for campus heating.

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30

Rice, I. G. "Split Stream Boilers for High-Temperature/High-Pressure Topping Steam Turbine Combined Cycles." Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 119, no. 2 (April 1, 1997): 385–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2815586.

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Research and development work on high-temperature and high-pressure (up to 1500°F TIT and 4500 psia) topping steam turbines and associated steam generators for steam power plants as well as combined cycle plants is being carried forward by DOE, EPRI, and independent companies. Aeroderivative gas turbines and heavy-duty gas turbines both will require exhaust gas supplementary firing to achieve high throttle temperatures. This paper presents an analysis and examples of a split stream boiler arrangement for high-temperature and high-pressure topping steam turbine combined cycles. A portion of the gas turbine exhaust flow is run in parallel with a conventional heat recovery steam generator (HRSG). This side stream is supplementary fired opposed to the current practice of full exhaust flow firing. Chemical fuel gas recuperation can be incorporated in the side stream as an option. A significant combined cycle efficiency gain of 2 to 4 percentage points can be realized using this split stream approach. Calculations and graphs show how the DOE goal of 60 percent combined cycle efficiency burning natural gas fuel can be exceeded. The boiler concept is equally applicable to the integrated coal gas fuel combined cycle (IGCC).

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31

Tsujikawa, Y. "Optimization of hydrogen fueled gas turbine-steam turbine combined cycle." International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 13, no. 2 (1988): 103–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0360-3199(88)90047-x.

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32

TSUJI, Tadashi. "110 High Performance System of Gas Engine-Gas / Steam Turbine Combined Cycle Plant." Proceedings of Conference of Kansai Branch 2005.80 (2005): _1–29_—_1–30_. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmekansai.2005.80._1-29_.

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33

Corradetti, Alessandro, and Umberto Desideri. "Analysis of Gas-Steam Combined Cycles With Natural Gas Reforming and CO2 Capture." Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 127, no. 3 (June 24, 2005): 545–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1850941.

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In the last several years greenhouse gas emissions, and, in particular, carbon dioxide emissions, have become a major concern in the power generation industry and a large amount of research work has been dedicated to this subject. Among the possible technologies to reduce CO2 emissions from power plants, the pretreatment of fossil fuels to separate carbon from hydrogen before the combustion process is one of the least energy-consuming ways to facilitate CO2 capture and removal from the power plant. In this paper several power plant schemes with reduced CO2 emissions were simulated. All the configurations were based on the following characteristics: (i) syngas production via natural gas reforming; (ii) two reactors for CO-shift; (iii) “precombustion” decarbonization of the fuel by CO2 absorption with amine solutions; (iv) combustion of hydrogen-rich fuel in a commercially available gas turbine; and (v) combined cycle with three pressure levels, to achieve a net power output in the range of 400 MW. The base reactor employed for syngas generation is the ATR (auto thermal reformer). The attention was focused on the optimization of the main parameters of this reactor and its interaction with the power section. In particular the simulation evaluated the benefits deriving from the postcombustion of exhaust gas and from the introduction of a gas-gas heat exchanger. All the components of the plants were simulated using ASPEN PLUS software, and fixing a reduction of CO2 emissions of at least 90%. The best configuration showed a thermal efficiency of approximately 48% and CO2 specific emissions of 0.04 kg/kWh.

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34

Law, B., and B. V. Reddy. "EFFECT OF OPERATING VARIABLES ON THE PERFORMANCE OF A COMBINED CYCLE COGENERATION SYSTEM WITH MULTIPLE PROCESS HEATERS." Transactions of the Canadian Society for Mechanical Engineering 33, no. 1 (March 2009): 65–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/tcsme-2009-0007.

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Combined cycle power plants with a gas turbine topping cycle and a steam turbine bottoming cycle are widely used due to their high efficiencies. Combined cycle cogeneration has the possibility to produce power and process heat more efficiently, leading to higher performance and reduced green house gas emissions. The objective of the present work is to analyze and simulate a natural gas fired combined cycle cogeneration unit with multiple process heaters and to investigate the effect of operating variables on the performance. The operating conditions investigated include, gas turbine pressure ratio, process heat loads and process steam extraction pressure. The gas turbine pressure ratio significantly influences the performance of the combined cycle cogeneration system. It is also identified that extracting process steam at lower pressures improves the power generation and cogeneration efficiencies. The process heat load influences combined cycle efficiency and combined cycle cogeneration efficiency in opposite ways. It is also observed that using multiple process heaters with different process steam pressures, rather than a single process heater, improves the combined cycle cogeneration plant efficiency.

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35

Wicks, Frank. "Mercury and Steam." Mechanical Engineering 137, no. 07 (July 1, 2015): 40–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2015-jul-2.

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This article is a memoir of William Emmet, a General Electric engineer in the field of combined-cycle gas turbine power plants. Despite the odds against the idea, several combined mercury and steam plants were built and achieved the promised high efficiency. This improbable achievement can be credited to a General Electric engineer named William Emmet. While Emmet’s early experience had been with direct current, he recognized the benefits and challenges of alternating current. The fuel efficiency of Emmet’s mercury dual cycle was eventually made obsolete by increased steam plant efficiencies from higher pressures and reheating the steam. Emmet’s contributions today are mostly hidden improvements in rotating electric machinery and apparatus. In contrast, his success in developing the impulse turbine helped create a technology base of engineers and manufacturing. It positioned General Electric to take the lead in turbochargers for piston aircraft engines, and later global leadership in aircraft jet engines and land-based gas turbines for electricity and industry.

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WU, WANG RU, and JIA HUI. "ICOPE-15-C002 The flue gas-steam combined heat regeneration cycle in steam power station." Proceedings of the International Conference on Power Engineering (ICOPE) 2015.12 (2015): _ICOPE—15——_ICOPE—15—. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmeicope.2015.12._icope-15-_119.

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Elhaj, Mohamed A., Moustfa M. Mahgub, and Kassim K. Matrawy. "Thermal Analysis of Combined Cycle Power Plant with Desalination Unit." Advanced Materials Research 658 (January 2013): 430–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.658.430.

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The aim of the present study is to utilize the excess energy of combined cycle power plant (CCPP) in desalination unit in cases of low electrical demand loading conditions. The main components of proposed (CCPP) included the gas turbine and steam turbine units. Gas turbine produces the major part of the developed power, while the steam turbine produces the remaining one in case of peak loading conditions. For the case of base load, the excess energy of steam turbine is used in desalination unit.

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Jamróz, Marcin, Marian Piwowarski, Paweł Ziemiański, and Gabriel Pawlak. "Technical and Economic Analysis of the Supercritical Combined Gas-Steam Cycle." Energies 14, no. 11 (May 21, 2021): 2985. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14112985.

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Combined cycle power plants are characterized by high efficiency, now exceeding 60%. The record-breaking power plant listed in the Guinness Book of World Records is the Nishi-Nagoya power plant commissioned in March 2018, located in Japan, and reaching the gross efficiency of 63.08%. Research and development centers, energy companies, and scientific institutions are taking various actions to increase this efficiency. Both the gas turbine and the steam turbine of the combined cycle are modified. The main objective of this paper is to improve the gas-steam cycle efficiency and to reach the efficiency that is higher than in the record-breaking Nishi-Nagoya power plant. To do so, a number of numerical calculations were performed for the cycle design similar to the one used in the Nishi-Nagoya power plant. The paper assumes the use of the same gas turbines as in the reference power plant. The process of recovering heat from exhaust gases had to be organized so that the highest capacity and efficiency were achieved. The analyses focused on the selection of parameters and the modification of the cycle design in the steam part area in order to increase overall efficiency. As part of the calculations, the appropriate selection of the most favorable thermodynamic parameters of the steam at the inlet to the high-pressure (HP) part of the turbine (supercritical pressure) allowed the authors to obtain the efficiency and the capacity of 64.45% and about 1.214 GW respectively compared to the reference values of 63.08% and 1.19 GW. The authors believe that efficiency can be improved further. One of the methods to do so is to continue increasing the high-pressure steam temperature because it is the first part of the generator into which exhaust gases enter. The economic analysis revealed that the difference between the annual revenue from the sale of electricity and the annual fuel cost is considerably higher for power plants set to supercritical parameters, reaching approx. USD 14 million per annum. It is proposed that investments in adapting components of the steam part to supercritical parameters may be balanced out by a higher profit.

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Khan, Arshad. "Technical and financial analysis of combined cycle gas turbine." Thermal Science 17, no. 3 (2013): 931–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci110206039k.

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This paper presents technical and financial models which were developed in this study to predict the overall performance of combined cycle gas turbine plant in line with the needs of independent power producers in the liberalized market of power sector. Three similar sizes of combined cycle gas turbine power projects up to 200 Megawatt of independent power producers in Pakistan were selected in-order to develop and drive the basic assumptions for the inputs of the models in view of prevailing Government of Pakistan?s two components of electricity purchasing tariff that is energy purchase price and capacity purchase price at higher voltage grid station terminal from independent power producers. The levelized electricity purchasing tariff over life of plant on gaseous fuel at 60 percent plant load factor was 6.47 cent per kilowatt hour with energy purchase price and capacity purchase prices of 3.54 and 2.93 cents per kilowatt hour respectively. The outcome of technical models of gas turbine, steam turbine and combined cycle gas turbine power were found in close agreement with the projects under consideration and provides opportunity of evaluation of technical and financial aspects of combined cycle power plant in a more simplified manner with relatively accurate results. At 105 Celsius exit temperature of heat recovery steam generator flue gases the net efficiency of combined cycle gas turbine was 48.8 percent whereas at 125 Celsius exit temperature of heat recovery steam generator flue gases it was 48.0 percent. Sensitivity analysis of selected influential components of electricity tariff was also carried out.

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Jesionek, Krzysztof, Andrzej Chrzczonowski, Paweł Ziółkowski, and Janusz Badur. "Power enhancement of the Brayton cycle by steam utilization." Archives of Thermodynamics 33, no. 3 (September 1, 2012): 36–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10173-012-0016-x.

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Abstract The paper presents thermodynamic analysis of the gas-steam unit of the 65 MWe combined heat and power station. Numerical analyses of the station was performed for the nominal operation conditions determining the Brayton and combined cycle. Furthermore, steam utilization for the gas turbine propulsion in the Cheng cycle was analysed. In the considered modernization, steam generated in the heat recovery steam generator unit is directed into the gas turbine combustion chamber, resulting in the Brayton cycle power increase. Computational flow mechanics codes were used in the analysis of the thermodynamic and operational parameters of the unit.

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TSUJI, Tadashi. "Cycle Optimization and High Performance Analysis on Gas Engine-Steam/Gas Turbine Combined Cycles." Transactions of the Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers Series B 70, no. 696 (2004): 2227–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/kikaib.70.2227.

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Borush, Olesya, Pavel Shchinnikov, and Anna Zueva. "Prospects of Application of Dual-Fuel Combined Cycle Gas Turbine Units." E3S Web of Conferences 114 (2019): 06002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201911406002.

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Dual-fuel combined cycle gas turbine units, including power units on the parallel scheme with predominant coal combustion are considered in the paper. The basic equations for determining the energy efficiency of dual-fuel combined-cycle power units are described. The interdependence of the efficiency of the gas turbine and steam turbine parts of the combined-cycle plant for the efficiency of the combined-cycle plant with a variable binary coefficient is presented. It is shown that 55-56% efficiency is achievable for parallel type combined cycle gas turbine units T with predominant solid fuel combustion on the basis of this interdependence between efficiency and binary coefficient. Comparison of competitiveness in the ratio of fuel prices for gas / coal with traditional coal technology and theoretical rejected combined cycle gas turbine units with an efficiency of 60% for dual-fuel combined cycle gas turbine units with the implementation of the Rankine cycle for subcritical (13 MPa) and supercritical (24 MPa) steam parameters is carried out. It is shown that the dual-fuel combined cycle gas turbine units are preferable to traditional coal steam turbine power units in the case when the ratio of the price of fuel does not exceed 5, binary rejected combined cycle gas turbine units, when the ratio of the prices by more 0,5.

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Lu, Xiao Feng, and Xiu Wen Chen. "Preliminary Research for Optimization of Gas-Steam Combined Cycle Cold-End." Advanced Materials Research 614-615 (December 2012): 422–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.614-615.422.

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Aiming at the problem of gas-steam combined cycle cold-end system, the system of the circulating water and condenser are considered as a whole. Based on the basic thermodynamics principles, and considering the coupling characteristics of the output load with gas turbine and steam turbine, providing an analytical method that is used to determine the optimal value of condenser vacuum pressure and circulation water flow rate, the optimum operation mode is obtained with the systematic view. And take a 9F-class circulation unit as an example, the operating mode has been verified by adopting this method. The results indicate that the economy of unit increased after optimization.

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Haboo, A., and Sh S. Ibrahim. "Evaluation of Performance of Combined Gas Units Using Steam Injection Technique." AL-Rafdain Engineering Journal (AREJ) 22, no. 5 (December 28, 2014): 85–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.33899/rengj.2014.101006.

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ABD El-SAMED, ALY. "Thermal Performance Enhancement of a Practical Combined Gas-Steam Power Plant." Port-Said Engineering Research Journal 18, no. 1 (March 1, 2014): 69–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.21608/pserj.2014.46800.

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Kulyk, M. P. "COMBINED STEAM AND GAS TURBINE POWER UNIT WITH MAGNETIC HYDRODYNAMIC INSERT." PRECARPATHIAN BULLETIN OF THE SHEVCHENKO SCIENTIFIC SOCIETY Number, no. 1(53) (September 27, 2019): 155–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.31471/2304-7399-2019-1(53)-155-162.

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A possible way out of the critical state of existing thermal power generation facilities of Ukrainian IPS (Integrated Power System) is seen in their refurbishment with combined steam and gas turbine power units, especially with those operating on solid fuel. Solid fuel, namely ground coal is burned according to scheme from an additional cyclone extended furnace sequentially connected to the main furnace using atmospheric air enriched with oxygen. Atmospheric air is enriched with oxygen by means of membrane air separators to the concentration of up to 40% vol. The peculiarity of the proposed power unit is presence of a magnetic hydrodynamic insert, which is located in the additional furnace sequentially connected to the main furnace, the additional furnace is made with a double cooling jacket. Heated air and coal dust is mixed in the additional furnace inlet to form a working fluid for MHD generation. After passing the area of nets and crown electrodes, the charged particles, flying at high speed past the extracting nets, reach a collector where positive charge is accumulated. This charge is essentially the electromotive force of MHD generator, the bigger part of voltage goes on load resistance and smaller part comes to crown electrodes. Due to the increased oxygen content, the flare temperature increases, approaching 2700-3000 0C, and due to a much smaller amount of nitrogen, formation of nitrogen oxides is decreased. This reaction is endothermic, which explains increase of the flare temperature, and therefore, increase of thermal efficiency of the furnace. The amount of generated electricity is increased due to the work of the magnetic hydrodynamic insert, while amount of coal burned is not changed. Along with the increase of overall efficiency, the emissions of formed nitrogen oxides are decreased, which improves environmental situation in the power unit location.

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Mazurenko, A. S., V. A. Arsiry, E. A. Arsirij, and V. I. Kravchenko. "Improving Aerodynamic Channels in the Steam and Gas Combined Cycle Plant." NTU "KhPI" Bulletin: Power and heat engineering processes and equipment 1, no. 17 (April 24, 2015): 49–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.20998/2078-774x.2015.17.07.

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Fortunato, Bernardo, Sergio M. Camporeale, and Marco Torresi. "A Gas-Steam Combined Cycle Powered by Syngas Derived from Biomass." Procedia Computer Science 19 (2013): 736–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2013.06.097.

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Atmaca, M. "Efficiency Analysis of Combined Cogeneration Systems with Steam and Gas Turbines." Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects 33, no. 4 (December 13, 2010): 360–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15567031003741434.

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50

Chacartegui, R., D. Sánchez, J. M. Muñoz de Escalona, A. Muñoz, and T. Sánchez. "Gas and steam combined cycles for low calorific syngas fuels utilisation." Applied Energy 101 (January 2013): 81–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2012.02.041.

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