Academic literature on the topic 'Combining ability'
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Journal articles on the topic "Combining ability"
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Pritika, Neupane. "Estimation of general combining ability, specific combining ability and heterosis among selected rice (Oryza sativa L.) genotypes." World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews 16, no. 2 (2022): 167–80. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7784863.
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Rice is the most important cereal crop and is primary source of calorie for Nepalese. Though, few rice varieties have been released for cultivation among farmers, most of them are low yielding so are not preferred by the farmers. So, broadening the genetic base of rice is an important intervention that can be done to increase productivity. Thus, an experiment was conducted to estimate general combining ability, specific combining ability, and heterosis from three sets of crosses to find out best parents and their cross combinations. The set1 consists 2 lines and 4 testers, set2 consists 3 lines and 2 testers and set3 consists 2 lines and 2 testers respectively. Each set of parents were crossed in line X tester mating design with two replications to produce 18 F1. The analyzed data showed that all genotypic values were significant and showed maximum variations among the traits. When fertile grain number was considered Sukhadhan-2 was best parents and cross of Manjushree 2 X Samba Mahsuri Sub-1 and Himali X Taichung-176 were the best cross and for panicle length IR775- 39-80-2- 2-2 was obtained as best parent and the best cross was Khumal 8 X Sugandha- 2. Maximum heterosis was observed in Khumal 8 X Sukhadhan-2 for fertile grain number and Khumal -4 X Sugandha-2 for panicle length. Therefore, best parents could be utilized for creating best lines through hybridization and best cross combinations would work as best lines for further selection and evaluation. These lines might work as promising varieties for Nepal.
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Keimeso, Zeleke, and Demissew Abakemal. "Combining Ability of Highland Adapted Maize (Zea Mays. L) Inbred Lines For Desirable Agronomic Traits Under Optimum and Low Nitrogen Conditions." Journal of Science and Sustainable Development 8, no. 1 (2020): 1–13. https://doi.org/10.20372/au.jssd.8.1.2020.0138.
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Low soil nitrogen is among the most important abiotic stresses limiting maize production in the highlands of Ethiopia. Information on hybrid performance and combining ability of maize inbred lines for grain yield and agronomic traits under low nitrogen stress is crucial to design appropriate breeding strategies for the development of enhanced maize cultivars. The objective of the present study was to estimate combining abilities of double haploid (DH) maize inbred lines for grain yield and related traits under optimum nitrogen and low nitrogen (N stress) condition. A total of 36 diallel crosses generated by crossing nine maize DH lines using half diallel mating scheme and four standard checks were studied for different desirable agronomic traits during 2017 cropping season at Ambo optimum nitrogen and Low nitrogen environments. The genotypes were evaluated in alpha lattice design replicated twice in both environments. Analyses of variances showed significant mean squares due to crosses for most traits studied. At optimum nitrogen condition, the highest grain yield was obtained from crosses L4 x L8 (9.57 t ha-1), L4 x L7 (8.67 t ha-1), L1 x L3 (8.36 t ha-1), L6 x L8 (8.27 t ha-1) and L3 x L4 (8.00 t ha-1), whereas at low nitrogen condition, L2 × L4 (6.74 t ha-1) and L4 × L8 (5.15 t ha-1) were crosses with higher grain yield values. Mean squares due to general (GCA) and specific (SCA) combining abilities were significant for most of the traits under both conditions. This indicates that both additive and non-additive gene actions are important in the inheritance of these traits. Relatively larger GCA over SCA variances were observed in the current study for most studied traits revealing the predominance of additive gene action in controlling these traits. L3 and L8 were found as good combiners for grain yield at optimum N environment, whereas L2, L4 and L7 were good general combiners under low N stress condition. L4 and L8 were good combiners for grain yield in combine analysis across environments and hence were promising parents for hybrid cultivars development. Based on SCA effects, L1×L5, and L4×L7 were identified as promising hybrids for majority of traits studied in combined analysis across environments.
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Ravi, Kumar, Kumar Randhir, Kumar Amit, Kumar Sinha Saksham, and Kumari Preeti. "General and Specific Combining Ability for Nine Morphologic Characters in Round Brinjal (Solanum melongena L.)." British Journal of Applied Science & Technology 21, no. 2 (2017): 1–6. https://doi.org/10.9734/BJAST/2017/33727.
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A study was undertaken to estimate general and specific combining in brinjal through diallel analysis involving 6 parents. The combining ability analysis revealed highly significant differences among the treatments for all the parameters studied except days to 50% flowering and number of primary branches per plant. The genotype SBRB-6/12 was found best general combiner for number of fruit per plant and yield per plant. The top three crosses (SBRB-3/12 x SBRB-2/12, SBRB-6/12 x SBRB-3/12 and KS-224 x Swarna Mani) with high per se performance have exhibited high sca effects for yield. Both additive and non-additive gene actions were operating for all the characters except days to 50% flowering, fruit diameter and number of primary branches/plant. Therefore, the general combiner can be exploited for the creation of varieties lines, and the presence of specific combining in the hybrids.
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Thomson, NJ, and DJ Luckett. "Heterosis and combining ability effects on cotton. I. Combining ability." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 39, no. 6 (1988): 973. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar9880973.
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Combining ability for a number of yield and quality attributes of cultivated cotton (Gossypium) was studied in two diallel experiments under high-yielding conditions in northern Australia. The first diallel comprised nine G. hirsutum parents of North American and African origin, the second diallel of thirteen parents besides American and African cultivars also included an Indian line, some Australian lines and an American G. barbadense cultivar. Each set of hybrids was grown as a half-diallel (plus the parents), first as a plant crop and then as a ratoon crop in the following season. Generally variation due to general combining ability (GCA) was significant and substantial for all traits, although specific combining ability (SCA) was also significant. GCA was shown to be closely associated with parental performance per se which may, therefore, be used with good reliability in choosing parents for use in a breeding program. The plant and ratoon performances were very similar in most instances. The African cultivars together with some medium-quality American ones showed high combining ability for yield, but the best GCA for quality characters was found in the high- quality parents. The G. barbadense cultivar was exceptional in this regard, hut it had a low GCA for yield, and there are other technical problems associated in establishing good inbred lines from hybrids between the two cultivated tetraploid species. Genotypic correlations between a pair of traits were usually similar for the plant and its respective ratoon crop, but often quite different for the two diallel combinations. In both populations selection for increased lint yield would tend to be accompanied by adverse changes in some other important characteristics.
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Vivekanandan, P., and S. Giridharan. "General Combining Ability for Kernel Traits in Rice." International Rice Research Notes 20, no. 1 (1995): 4–5. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6822489.
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This article 'General Combining Ability for Kernel Traits in Rice' appeared in the International Rice Research Notes series, created by the International Rice Research Institute (IRRI) to expedite communication among scientists concerned with the development of improved technology for rice and rice-based systems. The series is a mechanism to help scientists keep each other informed of current rice research findings. The concise scientific notes are meant to encourage rice scientists to communicate with one another to obtain details on the research reported.
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Garcia, J. E., F. Dicenta, and E. A. Carbonell. "Combining Ability in Almond." Plant Breeding 112, no. 2 (1994): 141–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0523.1994.tb00662.x.
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K.S, PARAMASIVAN. "COMBINING ABILITY IN RICE." Madras Agricultural Journal 77, september December (1990): 447–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.29321/maj.10.a01989.
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In rice, the variances of specific combining ability were higher than general combining ability for plant height, panicle length and grain yield per plant which indicated non additive gene action. The genotypes ADT 31 and Utrirajappan were found to be good general combiners for grain yield and their cross involving these two parents showed high sca effects.
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P, JAYAMALA, and RATHNASAMY R. "Combining ability in pigeonpea." Madras Agricultural Journal 87, september (2000): 418–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.29321/maj.10.a00488.
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Using combining ability studies line x tester analysis in pigeonpea revealed non-additive gene action for the expression of days to first flowering, days to 50 per cent flowering, number of branches per plant, plant height, number of pods per plant, days to maturity, number of seeds per pod and additive gene action for seed yield. Parents MS Prabhat DT and CORG 9060 were found to be good general combiners for days to MS Prabhat DT and CORG 9060 were found to be good general combiners for days to first flowering, days to 50 per cent flowering and days to maturity. For number of branches per plant, plant height, pods per plant and seed yield per plant, MS Co 5 and CORG 5 were the good combiners. The crosses MS Co 5 x ICPL 161 and MS Co 5 x CORG 5 were the best combinations for seed yield.
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Guimaraes, E. P. "Combining Ability of Upland Rice Progenitors." International Rice Research Newsletter 14, no. 1 (1989): 4–5. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7146403.
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This article 'Combining Ability of Upland Rice Progenitors' appeared in the International Rice Research Newsletter series, created by the International Rice Research Institute (IRRI). The primary objective of this publication was to expedite communication among scientists concerned with the development of improved technology for rice and for rice based cropping systems. This publication will report what scientists are doing to increase the production of rice in as much as this crop feeds the most densely populated and land scarce nations in the world.
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Ye., A. Kuzmenko, V. Pirych A., and V. Fedorenko M. "Estimation of parameters of genetic variation of spring durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.) on the basis of "number of grains from the main spike"." Plant varieties studying and protection 18, no. 1 (2022): 34–41. https://doi.org/10.21498/2518-1017.18.1.2022.257585.
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<strong>Aim.</strong> To assess the combining ability, features and nature of the inheritance of the trait “number of grains from the main spike” in varieties of spring durum wheat for their further involvement in breeding programs. <strong>Methods. </strong>The investigations were carried out at the V. M. Remeslo Institute of Wheat of NAAS of Ukraine. Varieties (‘Zhizel’, ‘MIP Raiduzhna’, ‘Kharkivska 27’, ‘Kharkivska 39’, ‘Spadshchyna’, ‘Kuchumovka’, ‘Tera’) of domestic breeding were involved in crossings according to the full diallel scheme (7 ´ 7). Parental components and F<sub>1</sub> were studied in the field in 2016, 2017. <strong>Results. </strong>The analysis of variance of combining ability showed a significant advantage in general combining abili­ty (GCA) effects. The mean square of the specific combi­ning ability (SCA) was significantly inferior to the GCA, but was significant in both years of the study. Consistently high GCA effects in 2016, 2017 were determined in the variety ‘Tera’ (g<sub>i</sub> = 1.35; 2.37). Non-alelic gene interaction was not found, which made it possible to analyze the main parame­ters of genetic variation. In two years of investigations, in the phenotypic manifestation of the number of grains from the main spike, dominant effects (H<sub>1</sub> and H<sub>2</sub>) survived over additive ones (D). The average degree of dominance indicated overdominance (H<sub>1</sub>/D). The indicator of the ave­rage degree of dominance in loci () also indicated overdominance. Dominance was significantly oriented. Dominant effects of genes increased the number of grains, while recessive effects decreased them. At least one group of genes has been identified that has led to dominance. In general, dominant genes (F > 0) or groups of genes dominated quantitatively in cultivar investigated. A high coefficient of heritability in a broad sense (H<sup>2</sup> = 0.88; 0.90) indicates a significant phenotypic conditionality to genetic factors. The coefficient of heritability in a narrow sense (h<sup>2</sup> = 0.31; 0.38) indicates the average contribution of the additive effects of genes over the dominant ones. <strong>Conclusions.</strong> The identified breeding and genetic features on the basis of the “number of grains from the main spike” trait make it possible to predict the effectiveness of selections aimed at increasing the trait in the newly hybrid material. However, due to the predominance of dominant effects and overdominance in the genetic control of a trait, selection in later generations will be more effective. Varieties ‘Kharkivska 27’, ‘Kharkivska 39’ and ‘Tera’ should be used as genetic sources to increase the trait “number of grains from the main spike”.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Combining ability"
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Mateo, Moncada Rafael Arturo. "Genetic diversity and combining ability among sorghum conversion lines." Texas A&M University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/4874.
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Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor [L] Moench) was first introduced to the United States
in the 1800s. These introductions consisted of tropical varieties with a short day
photoperiod response that limited their use in temperate hybrid breeding programs.
Commercial exploitation of F1 hybrids in grain sorghum started by the mid 1950s with
the use of cytoplasmic male sterility system CMS (A1). Even though other CMS are
available, most sorghum hybrid seed production still relies on the A1 system. Genetic
gain in most agronomic crop species is limited by several factors. In the specific case of
sorghum, the uniform use of the CMS (A1) system and the recent introduction of
sorghum to the United States have resulted in a reduction of its genetic base. In order to
create enough genetic variability, plant breeders might utilize exotic non adapted
material, exotic adapted material or existing elite material as a source of new alleles that
will protect and improve genetic gain through selection. This study provides an estimate
of the genetic diversity existing in a set of sorghum conversion lines. The objectives of
this study were: (1) to estimate the genetic diversity present among a set of 16 sorghum
conversion linesþ (2) to classify this set of lines based on genetic similarities estimated using AFLP markers and (3) to estimate heterosis, general and specific combining ability
for grain yield among the set of conversion lines.
Genetic diversity was present in the set of conversion lines evaluated. For the
lines included only in this study, Caudatum was the most homogenous race (average GS
= 0.69), and this race was closely related to the Durra race (Average GS = 0.66). Two
other homogenous races were Bicolor and Kafir with average GS of 0.67. Highest GCA
effects were obtained from the Kafir and Caudatum races. Good heterotic responses
were obtained from DurraKafir
races and CaudatumKafir
races. Estimation of SCA,
MPH and BPH identified specific crosses that were numerically superior than those of
the checks.
The use of AFLP markers allowed the identification of five strong clusters
through estimates of genetic similarities. This classification did not group the lines by
either their genetic background or their fertility reaction. This study provides
information to identify specific combinations that would help to understand heterotic
relationships in sorghum, and support the suggestions made by Menz and Gabriel that
races in sorghum are not well defined.
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Olivo, Mateus [UNESP]. "Cruzamentos dialélicos F1 e F2 em cártamo (Carthamus tinctorius L.)." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/151148.
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Previous issue date: 2017-06-02<br>Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)<br>O cártamo (Carthamus tinctorius L.) membro da família Asteraceae, atualmente é cultivado principalmente como planta oleaginosa. Pode ser utilizado como cultura de inverno em locais de temperaturas amenas e como cultura de primavera em locais de temperaturas mais baixas, apresenta boa adaptação em ambientes de clima mais seco. Atributos que podem torná-lo uma cultura de importante expressão no cerrado brasileiro, local o qual possui um longo período seco com temperaturas elevadas durante o inverno, dificultando o cultivo de outras espécies. Destaca-se como uma cultura estratégica, apresenta boa tolerância a estresse por déficit hídrico em especial no final de ciclo, além de características adequadas para mecanização facilitando o uso dos mesmos equipamentos utilizados nos demais cultivos como soja e milho. O objetivo deste trabalho é realizar um estudo genético para gerar informações aos programas de melhoramento genético. Foram avaliadas 10 combinações em dialelo completo sem recíprocos, em F1 e F2. Na geração F1 foram avaliadas as características de número de capítulos por planta, número de ramos por planta e produção de grãos por planta. Na geração F2 repetiram-se as avaliações realizadas em F1 acrescentando altura de planta, número de grãos por planta, número de grãos por capítulo e percentagem de óleo nos grãos. Após foi determinado a capacidade geral e específica de combinação e análise de correlação simples. As principais conclusões são: Os melhores cruzamento para produção de grãos formam PI537697/PI653152 e PI572450/PI653152 e para teor de óleo formam PI572450/PI572470 e PI572470/PI653152; para todas as características avaliadas em F1 e F2, exceto número de ramos, foi possível observar a contribuição da capacidade geral de combinação na variação genética das populações e para as características altura de planta, produção de grãos por planta, número de grãos por planta, número de grãos por capítulo e percentagem de óleo nos grãos, existe a contribuição da capacidade específica de combinação na variação genética das populações e evidenciando ações gênicas não aditivas e o teor de óleo nos grãos não possui correlação significativa com demais características agronômicas avaliadas.<br>Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.), a member of the Asteraceae family, it is currently cultivated mainly as an oilseed plant. It can be used as a winter crop in mild temperatures and as a spring crop in lower temperature. It is well adapted in drier climates. Attributes that can make it a crop of important expression in the Brazilian “Cerrado Area”, a place that has a long dry period with high temperatures, making difficult the cultivation of other species. In this scenario the safflower is configured as a strategic crop that presents good stress tolerance due to water deficit, especially at the end of the season, besides characteristics suitable for mechanization, using the same equipment already used in other crops as corn and soybeans. The objective of this study is to perform a genetic study to provide information to breeding programs. We evaluated 10 combinations in complete diallel without reciprocal, in F1 and F2. In the F1 generation were evaluated: number of head per plant, number of branches per plant and seed production per plant. In the F2 generation the evaluations performed in F1 were repeated, and added plant height, number of seeds per plant, number of seeds per chapter and percentage of oil in the seeds. After general and specific combining ability were determined, also a simple correlation analysis was performed. The main conclusions are: The best crossing to seed production were PI537697/PI653152 e PI572450/PI653152 and to oil content were PI572450/PI572470 e PI572470/PI653152. For all the characteristics evaluated in F1 and F2, except for number of branches, it was possible to observe the general combining ability contribution in the genetic variation of the populations and for the characteristics plant height, seed production per plant, number of seeds per plant, number of seeds by head and percentage of oil in the seeds, there is the contribution of the specific combining ability in the genetic variation of the populations and showing non-additive gene actions and the oil content in the seeds does not have significant correlation with other evaluated agronomic.
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Bhatnagar, Sandeep. "Phenotypic and genotypic characterization of high lysine maize." Texas A&M University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/3154.
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Quality Protein Maize (QPM) with the mutant gene opaque-2 (o2), has higher
lysine and tryptophan content and hard endosperm which is less susceptible to
mechanical and biological damage. Three experiments were conducted to characterize the
phenotypic and genotypic characteristics of high lysine maize. In the first experiment two
separate diallels including 7 white and 9 yellow QPM inbreds were evaluated in five
southern USA environments to estimate the general (GCA) and specific combining
abilities (SCA) for grain yield and to identify potential heterotic relationships among
them. QPM hybrids yielded less than commercial checks. GCA effects across
environments were non-significant for grain yield but highly significant for secondary
traits. Best yielding hybrids resulted from crosses among inbreds from different programs
(CIMMYT, Mexico; University of Natal, South Africa and TAMU, USA). In the second
experiment testcrosses between QPM inbreds and Tx804, were evaluated for agronomic
performance, aflatoxin resistance and quality. QPM inbreds in testcrosses have similar
flowering dates, plant height, ear height and test weights but lower grain yield than
normal checks. Population 69 inbreds and their testcrosses were least susceptible to
aflatoxin. Aflatoxin in testcrosses was positively correlated with endosperm texture
(0.67) and kernel integrity (0.60) but negatively correlated with grain yield (-0.30) and
silking date (-0.50). Tryptophan content was negatively correlated with endosperm
modification. Amino acid levels of inbred lines were significantly correlated with those
of hybrids, but with low predictive value. In the third experiment 92 high lysine maize
inbreds with different origins [Stiff Stalk, Non Stiff Stalk, Pop 69, temperate (Tx802,
Tx804, Tx806, B97, B104) and exotic subtropical lines (CML161, Do940y and Ko326y)]
were haplotyped on a cM scale utilizing 43 mapped SSR markers to characterize genetic
diversity on chromosome 7, estimate linkage disequilibrium around opaque-2 locus and
determine the parental contribution in some inbreds. Dendrograms of genetic similarity
showed clusters in agreement with the different origin of inbreds. A total of 200 alleles
were detected with an average of 4.7 alleles/locus. Significant linkage disequilibrium was
detected around opaque-2 locus. Parental contributions of haplotypes showed segments
of chromosome 7 exclusively contributed by one or the other parent.
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Gonçalves, Kelly Cristine Gomes. "Potencial de linhagens experimentais de milho (Zea mays L.) para produção de híbridos /." Ilha Solteira : [s.n.], 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/98762.
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Orientador: João Antonio da Costa Andrade<br>Banca: Mario Luiz Teixeira de Moraes<br>Banca: José Roberto Môro<br>Resumo: O sucesso nos programas de melhoramento genético de milho depende da identificação de parentais com boa capacidade de combinação para a produção de híbridos. O objetivo deste trabalho foi identificar linhagens com boa capacidade de combinação utilizando dialelo parcial. Foram avaliadas 16 linhagens, das populações de milho Dentado e Flintisa, em um dialelo parcial onde cada linhagem foi cruzada com as oito linhagens da população contrastante, obtendo-se 64 híbridos simples. Os 64 híbridos foram avaliados em látice triplo em duas safras (semeaduras em 04/07/2009 e 16/11/2009). Ao final de cada repetição do látice foram colocadas as testemunhas comerciais XB 6012, AG 9010, XB 7253 e BG 7049, visando uma comparação simples com os híbridos experimentais. Foram preditos híbridos duplos e triplos. Os caracteres mensurados foram florescimento feminino, altura de plantas, altura de espigas, acamamento e rendimento de grãos. Os híbridos simples 4Dx6F, 7Dx4F, 7Dx6F e 7Dx8F foram indicados para prosseguirem no programa como promissores para as duas safras. Os híbridos simples 1Dx6F, 2Dx8F, 5Dx5F, 7Dx1F, e 7Dx3F foram indicados para prosseguirem no programa como promissores para a primeira safra. Os híbridos simples 3Dx2F, 3Dx3F, 2Dx7F, 5Dx6F, 6Dx3F, 7Dx4F, 2Dx5F, 2Dx6F, 7Dx2F e 7Dx3F foram indicados para prosseguirem no programa como promissores para a segunda safra. Os híbridos triplos mais promissores para a primeira safra de semeadura ... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)<br>Abstract: The success in the maize breeding programs depends of the identification of inbred lines with good combining ability for hybrids production. The objective of this study was to identify inbred lines with good combining ability using partial diallel. Were evaluated 16 inbred lines of the maize populations Dentado and Flintisa in a partial diallel where each inbred line was crossed with the eight of the other population, resulting in 64 hybrids. The 64 hybrids were evaluated in a triple lattice in two crop season (sowing on 04/07/2009 and 16/11/2009). At the end of each repetition of the lattice were placed commercial controls XB 6012, AG 9010, XB 7253 and BG 7049, seeking a simple comparison with the experimental hybrids. Were measured the female flowering, plant height, ear height, lodging and grain yield. The hybrids 4Dx6F, 7Dx4F, 7Dx8F and 7Dx8F were appointed to continue in program as promising for the two crop seasons. The hybrids 1Dx6F, 2Dx8F, 5Dx5F, 7Dx1F, e 7Dx3F were appointed to continue in program as promising for the first crop season. The hybrids 3Dx2F, 3Dx3F, 2Dx7F, 5Dx6F, 6Dx3F, 7Dx4F, 2Dx5F, 2Dx6F, 7Dx2F e 7Dx3F were appointed to continue the program as promising for the second crop season. The most promising triple hybrids for the first crop can be obtained as follows: Simple hybrid parental involving inbred lines 1F, 3F, 4F and 8F, with the inbred line 7D; simple hybrid parental involving inbred lines 1D, 2D and 4D, with the inbred line 6F; simple hybrid parental involving inbred lines 3D and 5D, with the inbred line 5F. The triple hybrids more promising for the second crop planting can be obtained as follows: Simple hybrid parental involving inbred lines 3D and 6D, with the inbred line 3F; simple hybrid parental involving inbred lines 4D, 5D and 7D, with the inbred line 6F; simple hybrid parental involving inbred lines 3D and 5D, with the inbred line 2F; simple ... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)<br>Mestre
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Lima, Max Whendell de Paula [UNESP]. "Capacidade combinatória de linhagens S4 de milho super-doce (Zea mays L.), portadoras do gene shrunken-2." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/100020.
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lima_mwp_dr_botfca.pdf: 347050 bytes, checksum: 56204ce7428a20502b79ab1119ebfc3f (MD5)<br>Com a crescente demanda de milho doce no mercado brasileiro para diversas finalidades, torna-se necessário o desenvolvimento de materiais cada vez mais produtivos. Neste contexto, esse trabalho objetivou avaliar as capacidades geral e específica de combinação de linhagens endogâmicas de milho doce, portadoras do gene SHRUNKEN-2, bem como, identificar híbridos simples promissores para utilização como enlatados e/ou comercialização de espigas na forma de milho verde. Para isso, foram obtidos híbridos simples por meio de cruzamentos dialélicos parciais incompletos. As avaliações deram-se no ano agrícola 2000/2001 em São Manuel-SP, Piracanjuba-GO e Bragança Paulista-SP. Foram conduzidos 4 experimentos por local, utilizando o delineamento em blocos casualizados no esquema de látice simples 10 x 10, onde as parcelas constituíram-se de 1 linha de 5 metros. A partir dos dados de produção total de espigas com palha, produção comercial com palha, produção comercial sem palha, alturas de planta e de espiga e índice de espigas dos híbridos, foram obtidas as estimativas dos parâmetros genéticos, utilizando-se o método dos quadrados mínimos. Após o desdobramento do quadrado médio dos tratamentos em capacidades geral do grupo 1, do grupo 2 e da capacidade específica de combinação, constatou-se maior variabilidade por parte da capacidade geral de combinação do grupo 2 de genitores; o efeito gênico predominante foi o de origem não aditiva; ocorrência de genitores com boa capacidade combinatória; existência de híbridos promissores para cada local de avaliação.<br>With the crescent demand of swet corn in the Brazilian market for distinct purposes, it becomes necessary the development of materials more and more productives. In this context, this research objected to evaluate the general and specific combining abilities of sweet corn inbred lines with SHRUNKEN – 2 gene, as well as identify single-crosses promissing to utilization like canned and/ or commercialization of ears as green corn. For that, it was obtained single-crosses by using of partial diallel incomplete crosses. The evaluations were done in 2000 / 2001 in São Manuel – SP, Piracanjuba – GO e Bragança Paulista – SP, Brazil. It was carried out four experiments per place by utilizing the 10 x 10 simple lattice design, where the plots consisted in one line of five meters. From the basis of total production of ear with husk, commercial production with husk, commercial production without husk, plant heigh and ear, and the index of ear from single cross, was obtained by estimation of minimum square. Afterwards the unrolled of the mean square of the treatments in general combining ability of group 1 and group 2, and of the specific combining ability evidencied a large variability apart of general combining ability of the group 2 parentals; the predominant gene ffect was non- additive; occurence of parentals with a good combining ability; and the existence of promissing single crosses for each evaluated place.
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Godoy, Jayfred Gaham Villegas. "Sorghum improvement as biofuel feedstock: juice yield, sugar content and lignocellulosic biomass." Thesis, Kansas State University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/9254.
Full textAbstract:
Master of Science<br>Department of Agronomy<br>Tesfaye Tesso<br>Sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] is listed as one of the potential feedstock sources for biofuel production. While sorghum grain can be fermented into ethanol in a similar way as maize, the greatest potential of the crop is based on its massive biomass and sugar rich juices. Thus development of the crop as alternative energy source requires improvement of these traits. The objectives of this study were (1) to determine the mode of inheritance of traits related to ethanol production and identify suitable genetic sources for use in breeding programs, and (2) to evaluate the potential of low lignin mutations for biomass feedstock production and assess biotic stress risks associated with deployment of the mutations. The study consisted of three related experiments: (i) estimating the combining ability of selected sweet and high biomass sorghum genotypes for biofuel traits and resistance to stalk lodging, (ii) determine the impact of brown mid-rib mutations on biofuel production and their reaction to infection by Macrophomina phaseolina and Fusarium thapsinum, and (iii) assess the reaction of low lignin mutants to green bug feeding. In the first experiment six sorghum genotypes of variable characteristics (PI193073, PI257602, PI185672, PI195754, SC382 and SC373) were crossed to three standard seed parent lines ATx3042, ATx623 and ATx399. The resulting hybrids and the parents were evaluated at four locations, three replications during 2009 and 2010 seasons. Data were collected on phenology, plant height, juice yield, °brix score and biomass production. In the second experiment, two brown mid-rib mutations (bmr6 and bmr12) and their normal versions were studied in four forage sorghum backgrounds (Atlas, Early Hegari, Kansas Collier and Rox Orange). The experiment was planted in four replications and at 14 d after flowering five plants in a plot were artificially infected with F. thapsinum and another five with M. phaseolina. The plants were harvested and rated for disease severity (lesion length and nodes crossed). Another five normal plants in each plot were harvested and used to determine biofuel traits (juice yield, ºbrix score and biomass). In the third experiment, a subset of entries evaluated in experiment II and three tolerant and susceptible checks were tested for greenbug feeding damage. Biotype K greenbug colony was inoculated to each genotype using double sticky foam cages. Feeding damage was assessed as percent chlorophyll loss using SPAD meter. There was significant general combining ability (GCA) effect among the male entries for juice yield, stem obrix and biomass production indicating that these traits are controlled by additive genes. Lines PI257602 and PI185672 in particular, had the highest GCA for all the traits and should serve as excellent breeding materials. There was no significant difference among the bmr mutants and between the bmr and normal genotypes for both stalk rot and greenbug damage. In conclusion, juice yield, °brix and biomass are largely controlled by additive genes and hence are amenable to genetic manipulation. The bmr mutations despite their impact on lignin content do not increase risk of attack by stalk rot pathogens and greenbugs and thus can be deployed for biofuel production without incurring losses to these factors.
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Costa, Emiliano Fernandes Nassau. "Herança da senescência retardada em milho." Universidade de São Paulo, 2007. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11137/tde-07022008-135209/.
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A informação sobre o tipo de herança de um caráter considerado para fins de seleção é de extrema importância para o sucesso dos programas de melhoramento. O caráter senescência retardada, usualmente chamado de stay-green, tem sido relacionado em diversas culturas à tolerância a estresses abióticos, principalmente ao estresse devido à seca. Embora a maioria dos híbridos de milho comerciais sejam stay-green, as informações sobre o seu tipo de herança são muito limitadas. Assim, este trabalho teve como objetivo estudar a herança do caráter stay-green em milho tropical. O material genético utilizado incluiu 55 linhagens de diversas origens, a fim de representar a variabilidade genética em milho tropical. Foram realizados cruzamentos dialélicos parciais, onde 50 linhagens foram cruzadas com outras 5 linhagens utilizadas como testadoras, originando 250 cruzamentos. Os 250 cruzamentos e seis híbridos comerciais foram avaliados em 8 ambientes no delineamento de látice simples 16x16 com duas repetições. O caráter stay-green foi avaliado em cinco plantas competitivas por parcela, 120 dias após a semeadura, através de uma escala de notas visual de 1 a 5, onde a nota 1 se referia às plantas verdes e a nota 5 às plantas secas. Foi necessário tomar dados de florescimento feminino para utilizá-los como covariável nas análises estatísticas e corrigir as diferenças de maturação entre os cruzamentos. A análise de variância dialélica foi realizada de acordo com o método 4 do modelo 1 de Griffing (1956), adaptado para dialelos parciais em múltiplos ambientes. A capacidade geral de combinação (CGC), tanto para as linhagens como para os testadores, e a capacidade específica de combinação (CEC) foram altamente significativas )01,0(<=P, mostrando que tanto a CGC como a CEC contribuíram significativamente para a expressão do caráter. Porém a contribuição da CGC foi de 69,06% e a da CEC foi de 30,94% para a variação entre cruzamentos, indicando que os efeitos aditivos, relacionados à CGC, são mais importantes que os efeitos não aditivos (dominância e epistasia), que são relacionados à CEC, na variação dos cruzamentos. Tanto a CGC como a CEC interagiram significativamente com o ambiente, evidenciando que estes parâmetros não são consistentes nos diversos ambientes. Então, a seleção para o caráter stay-green deve ser baseada em médias de experimentos avaliados com repetições em diversos ambientes.<br>Information on the inheritance of traits to be selected is of paramount importance for the success of breeding programs. The trait delayed senescence, usually named \"stay-green\" trait, has been related to tolerance to abiotic stresses, mainly drought stress, in several crop species. Although the majority of commercial maize hybrids are \"stay-green\", limited information are available on its inheritance. Thus, this research was conducted to study the inheritance of the stay-green trait in tropical maize. The genetic material included 55 inbred lines from several sources to represent the genetic variation of tropical maize. Fifty inbred lines were crossed to 05 inbreds as testers following the partial diallel cross design, giving rise to 250 single crosses. The crosses and six commercial hybrids, 256 entries, were evaluated at eight environments using a 16 x 16 lattice design with two replications per environment. The stay-green trait was recorded 120 days after sowing, in five competitive plants per plot, following a visual note scale, i.e., from 1 to 5, where 1 refers to green plants and 5 to no-green plants. Also, the trait days to mid-silking was recorded and used as covariate to correct for differences of maturing among crosses. The analysis of variance of the diallel crosses was computed following the method 4 model 1 of Griffing (1956) extended to multiple environments. The general combining ability (GCA) for both the inbreds and the testers, and the specific combining ability (SCA) were all highly significant (P<=0.01), showing that GCA as well as SCA contribute significantly for the expression of the trait. However, the contribution of the GCA was 69.06% and of the SCA was 30.94% for the variation among the crosses, indicating that the additive effects, which are related to GCA, are more important than the non-additive effects (dominance and epistasis), which are related to SCA, for the variation of the crosses. Both GCA and SCA interacted significantly with the environments, showing that these parameters were not consistent across the environments. Thus, selection for the stay-green trait should be based on the means of experiments evaluated in several environments.
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Siwendu, Ndyebo Anathi. "Heterosis and combining ability for body weight in a diallel cross of three chicken genotypes." Thesis, University of Limpopo (Turfloop Campus), 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/830.
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Thesis (M.Sc. (Animal Production)) --University of Limpopo, 2011<br>Crossbreeding is one of the tools for exploiting genetic variation. The main purpose of crossing chickens is to produce superior crosses (i.e. make use of hybrid vigor),
improve fitness and fertility traits.This study was carried out at the University of Limpopo
Experimental Farm located in Limpopo, South Africa. The objective of the study was to
evaluate the growth performance of differentpurebred and crossbred chicken
genotypes. A 3 x 3 complete diallel mating system involving two indigenous breeds
namely Venda (V) and Naked Neck (N) and one commercial broiler breed, Ross 308
(R), were used to produce three purebred (V x V, N x N, R x R), three crossbreds (R x
V, R x N, V x N) and three reciprocals (V x R, N x R, N x V).The nine genetic groups
were rearedfrom hatch to 13 weeks of age in a deep litter open house. Body weights of
180 chicks (20 chicks per genetic group), recorded at 0, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, and 13 weeks of
age, were used to estimate heterosis, general (GCA) and specific (SCA) combining
abilities, maternal ability and reciprocal or sex-linked effects on body weights. Results
showed that the Ross 308 had the heaviest body weight at all weeks of measurement
except for hatch. With respect to crosses, the reciprocal V x R and the cross R x V had
the heaviest body weights at 13 weeks (2448.40 and 2131.50 grams, respectively),
although N x R had heavier body weight than R x V at all weeks of measurement except
for hatch and 13th week. Results of heterosis estimates indicated that crossing between
Venda male and Ross 308 female as well as between the Venda male and Naked Neck
femalegave the highest heterotic effects for body weight(11.01% and 10.33%,
respectively).General Combining Ability was significant (P≤0.01) for body weight from
hatch to 13 weeks of age while SCA and Reciprocal effects (RE) were both significant
(P≤0.05) for body weight at all ages of measurement except for hatch weight. The Ross
308 chicken gave the highest positive effect of GCA for body weight except for hatch
weight. Venda sire crossed with Naked Neck dams gave the highest and positive effects
of SCA for body weight. Naked Neck sire crossed with Venda dams had the highest
positive estimate of RE for body weight except for the 13th week. Results show that
using Venda chickens as a paternal breed in crossing with Naked Neck and Ross 308
females may improve growth performance of indigenous chickens.
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Sobhany, Maryam Saffaripour. "Creativity quotient: a statistical instrument for combining cognitive and personality components of creative thinking." Diss., Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/49843.
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Creative thinking is a multi-faceted trait. It encompasses a constellation of intellectual abilities and personality characteristics. In this study cognitive and personality components of creative thinking were included in an instrument. From the relevant literature the most important cognitive components in order of importance were problem finding, original problem solving, general problem solving, knowledge, and attentiveness to detail. Lack of conformity was suggested to be the most important personality component. Measures of these components of creative thinking were developed. Data were obtained by interviewing 110 third-grade children (M = 8.9 yrs), from which 80 sets were randomly selected to develop a scoring scheme. The scoring scheme was utilized to derive a statistical equation to quantify creative thinking for each individual. To ascertain the reliability and consistency of the developed scoring scheme, the author and two graduate students independently scored the remaining data (30 sets). The coefficient of variability for the three groups of scores were computed by means of pooled estimate of variance. This quantity was found to be .02 which is remarkably small. The relative contribution of each component to creative thinking and the interrelationship between them have been discussed. whether problem finding and problem solving are two separate cognitive processes was also discussed.<br>Ed. D.<br>incomplete_metadata
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Ball, Dale Warren. "Combining ability, protein, heterosis, and prediction of F₁ performance with RFLPs in a diallel of maize." Diss., Virginia Tech, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/37452.
Full textAbstract:
Improving protein quality and identifying superior inbreds and hybrids are significant challenges in commercial maize breeding programs. These two problems were addressed in separate studies on inbreds and hybrids from a complete diallel cross of 12 elite proprietary inbred lines of maize evaluated in field trials in two locations for two years. One of the inbreds (WI) was a novel source of high quality protein obtained from Wilson Seeds, Inc. in Harlan, Iowa. In the first study, diallel analyses were used to study combining ability and types of gene action important in the inheritance of protein content, grain yield, grain moisture at harvest, time to silk, kernel hardness, and density. General combining ability (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA) effects were highly significant for all traits indicating presence of both additive and non-additive effects, respectively. Reciprocal effects (REe), often assumed to be absent in maize diallel studies, were significant for grain yield and protein concentration, suggesting that choice of female parent may be important for these traits. Ratios expressing the relative importance of GCA and SCA indicated that protein concentration is controlled primarily by additive gene action. In the second study, restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) data were obtained for the 12 inbreds using 42 genomic clones each with four restriction enzymes. Modified Roger's distances were calculated and used in cluster analyses for heterotic grouping of the inbreds. Two measures of level of heterozygosity and hybrid value were evaluated as means of predicting Fl performance of hybrids in the complete diallel set of hybrids and in groups of hybrids representing crosses between and within heterotic groups. Results from this study confirm those of previous investigations with respect to prediction of hybrid performance when comparable groupings of crosses between related and unrelated lines were evaluated. This study further indicates that RFLPs may also be useful for prediction of hybrid performance in situations typical of early generations of many maize breeding programs where recombinant inbreds are testcrossed to a common tester inbred.<br>Ph. D.
Books on the topic "Combining ability"
1
Khan, Rumana. Heterosis and Combining Ability in Single Cross Maize Hybrids. LAP LAMBERT Academic Publishing, 2017.
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Cerri, Steven T. Fully Integrated Engineer: Combining Technical Ability and Leadership Prowess. Wiley & Sons, Incorporated, John, 2016.
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Cerri, Steven T. Fully Integrated Engineer: Combining Technical Ability and Leadership Prowess. Wiley & Sons, Incorporated, John, 2016.
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Cerri, Steven T. Fully Integrated Engineer: Combining Technical Ability and Leadership Prowess. Wiley & Sons, Limited, John, 2016.
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The Fully Integrated Engineer: Combining Technical Ability and Leadership Prowess. Wiley-Interscience, 2016.
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Sobhany, Maryam Saffaripoor. Creativity quotient: A statistical instrument for combining cognitive and personality components of creative thinking. 1987.
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Masood, Muhammad Shahid. Use of combining ability estimates to identify the genetic potential of selected winter parental lines (Triticum aestivum L.em Thell). 1989.
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Buckley, Marcia J., and Ann Syrett. Palliative Emergencies. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190204709.003.0009.
Full textAbstract:
This chapter highlights four emergencies that occur in palliative care: hemorrhage, spinal cord compression, seizures, and superior vena cava syndrome. It is imperative to understand their etiology, pathophysiology, workup, and management in order to rapidly and expertly respond to these emergencies. Palliative advanced practice registered nurses possess a unique skill set combining holistic care of patients with the ability to manage acute, often potentially devastating symptoms that affect the patient’s goals and wishes. Disease state needs to be considered when making treatment and management decisions during these palliative emergencies. The chapter presents an overview of pharmacological and nonpharmacological treatments to prevent and manage these palliative emergencies.
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Lalvani, Ajit, and Katrina Pollock. Defences against infection. Edited by Patrick Davey and David Sprigings. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199568741.003.0303.
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The immune system is classified into a series of component parts, each specialized to defend the host against infection. Cells of the innate immune system are distributed throughout the body, in the tissues, and in the circulation, to defend against the first signs of danger, combining the acute inflammatory response with the ability to kill and remove invading pathogens. Monocytes, macrophages, and neutrophils phagocytose and kill exogenous and endogenous targets, using both oxygen-dependent and oxygen-independent mechanisms. The adaptive immune system creates a structurally specific and prolonged response, mediated by lymphocytes to clear infection and generate immunological memory. In this chapter, the functions of the innate and adaptive immune system are reviewed, together with the clinical features and investigation of acquired and inherited immune deficiencies.
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Baker, Victor R. Interdisciplinarity and the Earth Sciences. Edited by Robert Frodeman. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198733522.013.8.
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The inherent interdisciplinary of the Earth sciences derives from combining aspects of other disciplines when studying the Earth. Though most commonly viewed as providing science-as-knowledge, the Earth sciences can yield greater societal benefit through their nature-directed transdisciplinarity. As an example, paleoflood hydrology involves a relating to the complexities of natural world that overcomes limitations imposed when simplifying reality in order to make predictions. Paleoflood hydrology discovers the natural recordings of ancient (but very real) cataclysmic processes that have the documented ability to cause harm. The commonsense recognition that what has actually happened can indeed happen again provides much more incentive to generate engaged and wise public action than does an abstract prediction of the so-called hundred-year flood. This kind of science differs from that of its constituent disciplines, and it has great potential for making progress on many issues of current societal concern through public education, communication, and guided policy.
Book chapters on the topic "Combining ability"
1
Hallauer, Arnel R., Marcelo J. Carena, and J. B. Miranda Filho. "Testers and Combining Ability." In Quantitative Genetics in Maize Breeding. Springer New York, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-0766-0_8.
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Fontes, J. R. M., A. A. Cardoso, C. D. Cruz, A. A. Pereira, L. Zambolim, and N. S. Sakiyama. "Study of Combining Ability and Heterosis in Coffee." In Coffee Biotechnology and Quality. Springer Netherlands, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-1068-8_8.
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Wegrzyn, Stanislaw, and Helena Grzesik. "Estimates of Combining Ability for some Traits in Triticale." In Triticale: Today and Tomorrow. Springer Netherlands, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-0329-6_76.
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Novak, Johannes, Wolfram Junghanns, Wolf-Dieter Blüthner, et al. "Combining Ability of Origanum majorana L. Hybrids: Sensorial Quality." In Breeding Research on Aromatic and Medicinal Plants. CRC Press, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003573227-3.
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Jamjod, S., C. E. Mann, and B. Rerkasem. "Combining ability of the response to boron deficiency in wheat." In Genetic Aspects of Plant Mineral Nutrition. Springer Netherlands, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-1650-3_44.
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Sun, Yuanshu, and Yuqing Zhang. "The Analysis of Heritability and Combining Ability of Protein Content in Triticale." In Triticale: Today and Tomorrow. Springer Netherlands, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-0329-6_40.
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Robberechts, Pieter, and Jesse Davis. "Forecasting the FIFA World Cup – Combining Result- and Goal-Based Team Ability Parameters." In Machine Learning and Data Mining for Sports Analytics. Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-17274-9_2.
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Wang, Wei, Zhichang Zhang, Ke Zhang, and Yali Liang. "Self-supervised Learning Driven Doctor Recommendation Model: Combining Communication Ability and Professional Competence." In Communications in Computer and Information Science. Springer Nature Singapore, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-96-3755-3_5.
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Zhang, Zexing, Huimin Lu, Pengcheng Sang, and Jinghang Wang. "MultiBioGM: A Hand Multimodal Biometric Model Combining Texture Prior Knowledge to Enhance Generalization Ability." In Biometric Recognition. Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-8565-4_11.
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Li, Wang. "Combining Big Data Analysis to Study the Autonomous Learning Ability of Higher Vocational Colleges." In Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Internet, Education and Information Technology (IEIT 2022). Atlantis Press International BV, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/978-94-6463-058-9_162.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Combining ability"
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Fakhfakh, Emna, Maha Charfeddine, Nesrine Tarhouni, and Mohamed Amine Guettat. "Combining TF-IDF, V-GAN, and XGB to Improve Next-Generation Web Application Firewalls' Ability to Detect SQL Injection Attacks." In 2024 IEEE/ACS 21st International Conference on Computer Systems and Applications (AICCSA). IEEE, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1109/aiccsa63423.2024.10912540.
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Cheung, Clayton, Xinyi Ren, Chun-Ho Lee, et al. "Lithium Niobate Chip-Based Ultrafast Optical Signal Processor." In CLEO: Science and Innovations. Optica Publishing Group, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/cleo_si.2024.sm4l.5.
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We realize an ultrafast optical processor via combining a low-loss dispersive device with an electro-optic time lens on lithium-niobate-based chips. We show the ability to Fourier transform and magnify sub-picosecond temporal waveforms by > 800x.
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Siegl, Wolfgang, Gregor Mori, Werner Ecker, et al. "Hydrogen Trapping in Heat Treated and Deformed Armco Iron." In CORROSION 2019. NACE International, 2019. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2019-13083.
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Abstract The purpose of this research was to investigate the influence of microstructure of Armco iron on hydrogen trapping by analyzing the trapping ability of grain boundaries and dislocations. Hydrogen traps were introduced into the material by systematically subjecting it to various grades of heat treatment and mechanical deformation. By combining different treatment steps (annealing at different temperatures, cold rolling at various deformation degrees, severe plastic deformation), a wide range of different grain sizes and dislocation densities was created. Microstructural characterization and electrochemical permeation experiments were performed to gain information on the diffusivity of hydrogen in the material and the influence of traps on the diffusivity. An experimental setup according to Devanathan and Stachurski was used. By combining the information on the microstructure obtained from the material characterization with the experimental results, the trapping ability of microstructural features were evaluated. Dislocations have a strong impact on diffusion and hydrogen trapping, while grain boundaries only show this effect in small grain size regions. In specimens with grain sizes in the micrometer range and above, no influence of grain boundaries on diffusion was observed.
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Arendt, Jeffrey. "Waterborne Alkyds - Combining Oil and Water to Reduce VOC and Solve Coating Performance Challenges." In SSPC 2017 Greencoat. SSPC, 2017. https://doi.org/10.5006/s2017-00002.
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With a history of proven performance in architectural and industrial coatings and the ability to adhere to less-than-ideally prepared substrates, alkyd resins have remained at the forefront of coating technology for well over 50 years. With such an established history, alkyds are often thought of as old technology and synonymously associated with flammable solvents and high levels of volatile organic compounds (VOC). These historical associations are not the contemporary story. New technology has been developed. Several commercial techniques now exist to create stable, high-performing alkyds in water, with almost no VOC. This paper will discuss these recent technology developments. Alkyd emulsions, alkyd dispersions, water-dilutable alkyds and water-reducible alkyds will be reviewed and discussed to help the attendee understand the strengths and limitations of these and other waterbased technologies. The attendee will walk away with an understanding of the history, present state and future direction of alkyd resin technology for coatings.
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Rhee, Hyug-Gyo, Nguyen Nu Hoang Anh, and Young-Sik Ghim. "Design and fabrication of wider angle field of view hybrid DOEs for a compact imaging optics." In 3D Image Acquisition and Display: Technology, Perception and Applications. Optica Publishing Group, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/3d.2024.jf2a.13.
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Hybrid DOEs, which are diffraction pattern arrays fabricated on curved refractive optical elements, have the ability to widen the field of view angle, and improve optical performance and make a compat imaging optics, by combining refraction and diffraction. However, manufacturing a high resolution diffraction pattern array is challenging. We provides a method to manufacture hybrid DOEs with wider field of view and superior performance in both diffraction efficiency and resolution.
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Dubois, J. M. S., P. R. Roberge, and J. R. S. Giguere. "Eddy Current Sliding Probe Technology for the Detection of Corrosion in Multi-Layered Aircraft Structures." In CORROSION 2000. NACE International, 2000. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2000-00296.
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Abstract Corrosion in multi-layered structures cannot be effectively monitored by most Non-Destructive Testing methods. However, combining a multi-frequency eddy current technique with sliding probe technology, external amplification, digitization, and robotics provides the ability to quantify small amounts (3% of one plate thickness) of material loss in sub-layers not otherwise detectable using an industrial eddy current scope. The technique developed can be used in the field for aircraft inspection.
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Khera, Ashish, Himanshu Joshi, Mohamed Ramadan, Bidyut Baniah, and Wael Bata. "Solving Challenges in CP and Coating Surveys through Technology Advancements." In MECC 2023. AMPP, 2023. https://doi.org/10.5006/mecc2023-20064.
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Abstract Non-intrusive assessment of pipeline Coating and Cathodic Protection (CP) is performed by utilising aboveground surveys, also known as Indirect Inspection. However, there have been two major advancements with these Indirect Inspection survey techniques – (1) Combining multiple aboveground surveys into a single GPS integrated dataset for automatic alignment, better correlation and accuracy, (2) Encrypted recording of raw logs to prove the authenticity of the obtained datasets. Integrated Inspection Techniques (IITs) have the ability of combining up to nine (9) different surveys – CIPS, DCVG, CAT, ACVG, DOC, AC-PSP, Soil Resistivity, Gas-Leak and GPS. All these surveys are conducted by walking only once over the pipeline and the surveys record datasets continuously at up to 35 times per second. Encrypted data is auto-integrated and recorded by the equipment, and further analysed on the viewable software for assessing the pipeline’s external integrity. This paper discusses the direct and indirect results from IITs from field experiences. Direct results include – (1) CP under/over protection, (2) Coating faults, (3) Low depth of cover zones, (4) Soil resistivity/corrosivity, (5) Gas leak locations, (6) Geo-tagged photographs. Indirect results include – (1) Locations of active corrosion, (2) AC/DC interference areas, (3) Telluric interference areas, (4) Transformer Rectifier malfunction, (5) Authenticity of data over concrete/interlock/challenging surfaces.
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Staats, Jeremy, Dave Dewees, Gerrit Buchheim, and Frank Sapienza. "Integrating Empirical and Quantitative HTHA Assessment for Risk Assessment and Continued Management of Equipment in HTHA Service." In CORROSION 2021. AMPP, 2021. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2021-16782.
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Abstract Historical management strategies for equipment subject to high temperature hydrogen attack (HTHA) have traditionally relied on risk assessment with empirical or quantitative models. Given a lack of confidence in early inspection techniques for HTHA, operation of equipment with known susceptibility to HTHA for prolonged service periods has been limited. A quantitative model for HTHA damage has been created based on void growth models combined with a creep model. This model has been calibrated to known failures and damage cases reported in industry (API 941). The results are time-based Nelson curves and the ability to combine varying operating conditions to calculate a life and combining this with practical adjustment factors and NDE results allows for more accurate life estimates and accumulated damage predictions. The theory and practical examples will be included.
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Minato, Shohei, Motoharu Jinguuji, and Toshiyuki Yokota. "Non-destructive in-situ soil classification using electric and seismic properties to evaluate water pipeline corrosion risk." In IABSE Symposium, Tokyo 2025: Environmentally Friendly Technologies and Structures: Focusing on Sustainable Approaches. International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2025. https://doi.org/10.2749/tokyo.2025.3076.
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<p>Aging water pipelines in Japan, many over 40 years old, face significant corrosion risks influenced by soil properties like electrical resistivity and soil type. To enhance non-destructive corrosion rate estimation, we explore the potential of combining resistivity surveys with seismic measurements. A rock-physics model is developed to estimate resistivity and seismic velocities as functions of clay content and porosity, validated with borehole data, showing a good agreement with field measurements. We propose an inversion method using shear-wave velocity and resistivity data to estimate clay content as a proxy for identifying soil transitions. The approach is verified through numerical simulations and demonstrates the ability to detect relative changes in clay content. These results highlight the potential of this approach as a cost-effective, non-invasive method for accurate corrosion risk assessment, contributing to the efficient replacement of aging pipeline networks.</p>
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Mei Yan, Zhengtao Yu, Yunshan Zhang, Xudong Hong, and Hua Lai. "An expert recommendation approach combining project correlation and professional ability." In 2015 12th International Conference on Fuzzy Systems and Knowledge Discovery (FSKD). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/fskd.2015.7382116.
Full textReports on the topic "Combining ability"
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Badami, Kaswan, Budi Setiadi Daryono, Achmad Amzeri, and Syaiful Khoiri. COMBINING ABILITY AND HETEROTIC STUDIES ON HYBRID MELON (Cucumis melo L.) POPULATIONS FOR FRUIT YIELD AND QUALITY TRAITS. SABRAO Journal of Breeding and Genetics, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.21107/amzeri.2020.3.
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In different crop plants, combining ability and heterosis are used as important diagnostic tools for assessing the performance of parental genotypes and their hybrids. This research aimed to evaluate heterotic and combining ability effects in the diallel crosses of melon (Cucumis melo L.) for yield- and quality-related traits. Seven melon (C. melo L.) genotypes were grown and crossed in a complete diallel fashion to produce F1 hybrids. During the 2019 crop season, 49 melon genotypes (7 parents + 42 F1 hybrids) were grown in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Observations were made for seven characters. Analysis of variance revealed significant (P ≤ 0.01) differences among the melon genotypes for harvest age, fruit flesh thickness, fruit total soluble solids, fruit length, and fruit diameter and merely significant differences (P ≤ 0.05) for fruit weight. Combining ability analysis revealed that mean squares due to general combining ability (GCA) were significant for fruit diameter but were nonsignificant for all other traits. However, mean squares due to specific combining ability (SCA) were significant for all traits. The parental genotypes PK-165, PK-464, and PK-669 exhibited the highest and desirable GCA effects for yield and quality traits. Hence, these genotypes could be used to generate high-yielding hybrid/open-pollinated cultivars. GCA:SCA ratios further revealed that the traits of harvest age, fruit flesh thickness, fruit total soluble solids, fruit length, and fruit weight were controlled by dominant gene action, whereas fruit diameter was managed by additive and dominant genes. The majority of the traits were controlled by nonadditive gene action, verifying that the said breeding material could be efficiently used for the production of hybrid cultivars on the basis of heterotic effects.
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Chirachanchai, Suwabun. A Novel ion extraction material derived from silica surface modified silybenzoxazine derivatives via host-guest properties. Chulalongkorn University, 2001. https://doi.org/10.58837/chula.res.2001.81.
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Silylbenzoxazine derivatives with different bulky group on benzene ring are synthesized employing aminosilane as a primary amine. The silylbenzoxazine derivatives with more bulky group exhibit low ion extraction percentage due to the difficulty of molecular assembly formation as a result of the bulky group repulsion combining with the long alkyl chain of silane. Silica surface modified benzoxazines are successfully achieved via silylbenzoxazine derivatives and show the ion extraction property for various alkali and alkaline earth metal ions. When silane is coupled onto silica, the benzoxazine shows different ion extraction ability from that of silylbenzoxazine. The silica surface modified silylbenzoxazines with bulky groups exhibit high ion extraction percentage which may be due to the loose packing structure of the molecular assembly inducing the high amount of cavity for guest.
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Brown, Candace, Chudney Williams, Ryan Stephens, Jacqueline Sharp, Bobby Bellflower, and Martinus Zeeman. Medicated-Assisted Treatment and 12-Step Programs: Evaluating the Referral Process. University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21007/con.dnp.2021.0013.
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Purpose/Background Overdose deaths in the U.S. from opioids have dramatically increased since the COVID-19 pandemic. Although medicated-assisted treatment (MAT) programs are widely available for sufferers of opiate addiction, many drop out of treatment prematurely. Twelve-step programs are considered a valuable part of treatment, but few studies have examined the effect of combining these approaches. We aimed to compare abstinence rates among patients receiving MAT who were referred to 12-step programs to those only receiving MAT. Methods In this prospective study, a cohort of participants from a MAT clinic agreeing to attend a 12-step program was compared to 15 controls selected from a database before project implementation. Eligible participants were diagnosed with OUD, receiving buprenorphine (opiate agonist), and at least 18. Participants were provided with temporary sponsors to attend Narcotics Anonymous, Alcoholics Anonymous, and Medication-Assisted Recovery meetings together. The primary endpoint was the change in positive opiate urine drug screens over 6 months between participants and controls. Results Between March 29, 2021, and April 16, 2021, 166 patients were scheduled at the clinic. Of those scheduled, 146 were established patients, and 123 were scheduled for face-to-face visits. Of these, 64 appeared for the appointment, 6 were screened, and 3 were enrolled. None of the participants attended a 12-step meeting. Enrollment barriers included excluding new patients and those attending virtual visits, the high percentage of patients who missed appointments, and lack of staff referrals. The low incidence of referrals was due to time constraints by both staff and patients. Implications for Nursing Practice Low enrollment limited our ability to determine whether combining medication management with a 12-step program improves abstinence. Failure to keep appointments is common among patients with OUD, and virtual meetings are becoming more prevalent post-COVID. Although these factors are unlikely to be controllable, developing strategies to expedite the enrollment process for staff and patients could hasten recruitment.
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Aromi, J. Daniel, María Paula Bonel, Julián Cristia, Martín Llada, and Luis Palomino. Socioeconomic Status and Mobility during the COVID-19 Pandemic: An Analysis of Eight Large Latin American Cities. Inter-American Development Bank, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003315.
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This study analyzes mobility patterns during the COVID-19 pandemic for eight large Latin American cities. Indicators of mobility by socioeconomic status (SES) are generated by combining georeferenced mobile phone information with granular census data. Before the pandemic, a strong positive association between SES and mobility is documented. With the arrival of the pandemic, in most cases, a negative association between mobility and SES emerges. This new pattern is explained by a notably stronger reduction in mobility by high-SES individuals. A comparison of mobility for SES decile 1 vs decile 10 shows that, on average, the reduction is 75% larger in the case of decile 10. According to estimated lasso models, an indicator of government restrictions provides a parsimonious description of these heterogeneous responses. These estimations point to noticeable similarities in the patterns observed across cities. We also explore how the median distance traveled changed for individuals that travel at least 1 km (the intensive margin). We find that the reduction in mobility in this indicator was larger for high-SES individuals compared to low-SES individuals in six out of eight cities analyzed. The evidence is consistent with asymmetries in the feasibility of working from home and in the ability to smooth consumption under temporary income shocks.
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de Caritat, Patrice, Brent McInnes, and Stephen Rowins. Towards a heavy mineral map of the Australian continent: a feasibility study. Geoscience Australia, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.11636/record.2020.031.
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Heavy minerals (HMs) are minerals with a specific gravity greater than 2.9 g/cm3. They are commonly highly resistant to physical and chemical weathering, and therefore persist in sediments as lasting indicators of the (former) presence of the rocks they formed in. The presence/absence of certain HMs, their associations with other HMs, their concentration levels, and the geochemical patterns they form in maps or 3D models can be indicative of geological processes that contributed to their formation. Furthermore trace element and isotopic analyses of HMs have been used to vector to mineralisation or constrain timing of geological processes. The positive role of HMs in mineral exploration is well established in other countries, but comparatively little understood in Australia. Here we present the results of a pilot project that was designed to establish, test and assess a workflow to produce a HM map (or atlas of maps) and dataset for Australia. This would represent a critical step in the ability to detect anomalous HM patterns as it would establish the background HM characteristics (i.e., unrelated to mineralisation). Further the extremely rich dataset produced would be a valuable input into any future machine learning/big data-based prospectivity analysis. The pilot project consisted in selecting ten sites from the National Geochemical Survey of Australia (NGSA) and separating and analysing the HM contents from the 75-430 µm grain-size fraction of the top (0-10 cm depth) sediment samples. A workflow was established and tested based on the density separation of the HM-rich phase by combining a shake table and the use of dense liquids. The automated mineralogy quantification was performed on a TESCAN® Integrated Mineral Analyser (TIMA) that identified and mapped thousands of grains in a matter of minutes for each sample. The results indicated that: (1) the NGSA samples are appropriate for HM analysis; (2) over 40 HMs were effectively identified and quantified using TIMA automated quantitative mineralogy; (3) the resultant HMs’ mineralogy is consistent with the samples’ bulk geochemistry and regional geological setting; and (4) the HM makeup of the NGSA samples varied across the country, as shown by the mineral mounts and preliminary maps. Based on these observations, HM mapping of the continent using NGSA samples will likely result in coherent and interpretable geological patterns relating to bedrock lithology, metamorphic grade, degree of alteration and mineralisation. It could assist in geological investigations especially where outcrop is minimal, challenging to correctly attribute due to extensive weathering, or simply difficult to access. It is believed that a continental-scale HM atlas for Australia could assist in derisking mineral exploration and lead to investment, e.g., via tenement uptake, exploration, discovery and ultimately exploitation. As some HMs are hosts for technology critical elements such as rare earth elements, their systematic and internally consistent quantification and mapping could lead to resource discovery essential for a more sustainable, lower-carbon economy.
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Boisclair, Yves R., and Arieh Gertler. Development and Use of Leptin Receptor Antagonists to Increase Appetite and Adaptive Metabolism in Ruminants. United States Department of Agriculture, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2012.7697120.bard.
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Objectives The original project had 2 major objectives: (1) To determine the effects of centrally administered leptin antagonist on appetite and adaptive metabolism in the sheep; (2) To develop and prepare second-generation leptin antagonists combining high binding affinity and prolonged in vivo half-life. Background Periods of suboptimal nutrition or exaggerated metabolic activity demands lead to a state of chronic energy insufficiency. Ruminants remain productive for a surprisingly long period of time under these circumstances by evoking adaptations sparing available energy and nutrients. The mechanism driving these adaptations in ruminant remains unknown, but could involve a reduction in plasma leptin, a hormone acting predominantly in the brain. In laboratory animals, reduced leptin signaling promotes survival during nutritional insufficiency by triggering energy sparing adaptations such as reduced thyroid hormone production and insulin resistance. Our overall hypothesis is that similar adaptations are triggered by reduced leptin signaling in the brain of ruminants. Testing of this hypothesis in ruminants has not been possible due to inability to block the actions of endogenous leptin and access to ruminant models where leptin antagonistic therapy is feasible and effective. Major achievements and conclusions The Israeli team had previously mutated 3 residues in ovine leptin, with no effect on receptor binding. This mutant was renamed ovine leptin antagonist (OLA) because it cannot activate signaling and therefore antagonizes the ability of wild type leptin to activate its receptor. To transform OLA into an effective in vivo antagonist, the Israeli made 2 important technical advances. First, it incorporated an additional mutation into OLA, increasing its binding affinity and thus transforming it into a super ovine leptin antagonist (SOLA). Second, the Israeli team developed a method whereby polyethylene glycol is covalently attached to SOLA (PEG-SOLA) with the goal of extending its half-life in vivo. The US team used OLA and PEG-SOLA in 2 separate animal models. First, OLA was chronically administered directly into the brain of mature sheep via a cannula implanted into the 3rdcerebroventricule. Unexpectedly, OLA had no effect of voluntary feed intake or various indicators of peripheral insulin action but reduced the plasma concentration of thyroid hormones. Second, the US team tested the effect of peripheral PEG-SOLA administration in an energy sensitive, rapidly growing lamb model. PEG-SOLA was administered for 14 consecutive days after birth or for 5 consecutive days before sacrifice on day 40 of life. Plasma PEG-SOLA had a half-life of over 16 h and circulated in 225- to 288-fold excess over endogenous leptin. PEG-SOLA administration reduced plasma thyroid hormones and resulted in a higher fat content in the carcass at slaughter, but had no effects on feed intake, body weight, plasma glucose or insulin. These results show that the team succeeded in developing a leptin antagonist with a long in vivo half-life. Moreover, in vivo results show that reduced leptin signaling promotes energy sparing in ruminants by repressing thyroid hormone production. Scientific and agricultural implications The physiological role of leptin in ruminants has been difficult to resolve because peripheral administration of wild type leptin causes little effects. Our work with leptin antagonists show for the first time in ruminants that reduced leptin signaling induces energy sparing mechanisms involving thyroid hormone production with little effect on peripheral insulin action. Additional work is needed to develop even more potent leptin antagonists, to establish optimal administration protocols and to narrow down phases of the ruminant life cycle when their use will improve productivity.
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Burdman, S., E. Welbaum, R. Walcott, and B. Zhao. erial fruit blotch, elucidating the mechanisms of fruit infection by Acidovorax citrulli. United States-Israel Binational Agricultural Research and Development Fund, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2020.8134162.bard.
Full textAbstract:
Bacterial fruit blotch (BFB) of cucurbits is caused by the Gram-negative bacterium Acidovorax citrulli. BFB affects cucurbit production worldwide, and mainly watermelon and melon. Most A. citrulli strains are divided into two genetically differentiated groups: while group I strains have been mainly associated with melon and other non-watermelon cucurbits, group II strains are more aggressive on watermelon. Like many Gram-negative plant-pathogenic bacteria, A. citrulli relies on a functional type III secretion system (T3SS) for pathogenicity. The T3SS is responsible for direct secretion of bacterial protein effectors to the host cell. Type III-secreted effectors (T3Es) contribute to virulence through manipulation of the host cell metabolism and suppression of plant defense. Our previous collaboration showed that group I and II strains significantly differ in their T3E arsenal (Eckshtain-Levi et al., Phytopathology 2014, 104:1152-1162). Using comparative genomics, we also showed that group I and II strains of A. citrulli have substantial differences in their genome content (Eckshtain-Levi et al., Front. Microbiol. 2016, 7:430). Our long-term goals are to identify the genetic determinants that contribute to virulence and host preferential association of the two major groups of A. citrulli, and to exploit these insights to develop effective BFB management strategies. We hypothesize that differences in the arsenal of T3Es, are greatly responsible for the differences in host preferential association between strains belonging to the two groups. The specific objectives of this project were: (1) to investigate the susceptibility of cucurbit species to group I and II strains under field conditions; (2) to assess the contribution of T3Es and other virulence factors to A. citrulli virulence and host preference; and (3) to characterize the mechanisms of action of selected T3Es of A. citrulli. In the frame of objective 1, we carried out three field experiments involving inoculation of several cucurbit crops (watermelon, melon, pumpkin and squash) with group I and II strains. Findings from these experiments confirmed that A. citrulli strains exhibit a preference for watermelon and melon. Moreover, we demonstrated, for the first time under field conditions, host-preferential association of group I and II strains to melon and watermelon, respectively. While host-preferential association was observed in leaves and in fruit tissues, it was more pronounced in the latter. In this part of the project we also developed a duplex PCR assay to differentiate between group I and II strains. In the frame of objective 2, we employed a multifaceted approach combining bioinformatics and experimental methods to elucidate the T3E arsenal of A. citrulli. These experiments led to discovery that A. citrulli strains possess large arsenals with more than 60 T3E genes. Remarkably, we found that ~15% of the T3E genes are group-specific. Advances were achieved on the contribution of selected T3E genes and other virulence determinants to the ability of A. citrulli to colonize the fruit and other tissues of melon and watermelon. Last, in the frame of objective 3, we advanced our understanding on the mode of action of few key T3Es of A. citrulli. We also optimized a virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) system for functional genomics in melon and watermelon. This system will allow us to test melon and watermelon genes that may have defense or susceptibility roles related to BFB disease. Overall, this collaboration substantially enriched our knowledge on basic aspects of BFB disease. We believe that the fruits of this collaboration will greatly contribute to our ultimate goal, which is generation of durable resistance of melon and watermelon to A. citrulli.
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Yatsymirska, Mariya. SOCIAL EXPRESSION IN MULTIMEDIA TEXTS. Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vjo.2021.49.11072.
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The article investigates functional techniques of extralinguistic expression in multimedia texts; the effectiveness of figurative expressions as a reaction to modern events in Ukraine and their influence on the formation of public opinion is shown. Publications of journalists, broadcasts of media resonators, experts, public figures, politicians, readers are analyzed. The language of the media plays a key role in shaping the worldview of the young political elite in the first place. The essence of each statement is a focused thought that reacts to events in the world or in one’s own country. The most popular platform for mass information and social interaction is, first of all, network journalism, which is characterized by mobility and unlimited time and space. Authors have complete freedom to express their views in direct language, including their own word formation. Phonetic, lexical, phraseological and stylistic means of speech create expression of the text. A figurative word, a good aphorism or proverb, a paraphrased expression, etc. enhance the effectiveness of a multimedia text. This is especially important for headlines that simultaneously inform and influence the views of millions of readers. Given the wide range of issues raised by the Internet as a medium, research in this area is interdisciplinary. The science of information, combining language and social communication, is at the forefront of global interactions. The Internet is an effective source of knowledge and a forum for free thought. Nonlinear texts (hypertexts) – «branching texts or texts that perform actions on request», multimedia texts change the principles of information collection, storage and dissemination, involving billions of readers in the discussion of global issues. Mastering the word is not an easy task if the author of the publication is not well-read, is not deep in the topic, does not know the psychology of the audience for which he writes. Therefore, the study of media broadcasting is an important component of the professional training of future journalists. The functions of the language of the media require the authors to make the right statements and convincing arguments in the text. Journalism education is not only knowledge of imperative and dispositive norms, but also apodictic ones. In practice, this means that there are rules in media creativity that are based on logical necessity. Apodicticity is the first sign of impressive language on the platform of print or electronic media. Social expression is a combination of creative abilities and linguistic competencies that a journalist realizes in his activity. Creative self-expression is realized in a set of many important factors in the media: the choice of topic, convincing arguments, logical presentation of ideas and deep philological education. Linguistic art, in contrast to painting, music, sculpture, accumulates all visual, auditory, tactile and empathic sensations in a universal sign – the word. The choice of the word for the reproduction of sensory and semantic meanings, its competent use in the appropriate context distinguishes the journalist-intellectual from other participants in forums, round tables, analytical or entertainment programs. Expressive speech in the media is a product of the intellect (ability to think) of all those who write on socio-political or economic topics. In the same plane with him – intelligence (awareness, prudence), the first sign of which (according to Ivan Ogienko) is a good knowledge of the language. Intellectual language is an important means of organizing a journalistic text. It, on the one hand, logically conveys the author’s thoughts, and on the other – encourages the reader to reflect and comprehend what is read. The richness of language is accumulated through continuous self-education and interesting communication. Studies of social expression as an important factor influencing the formation of public consciousness should open up new facets of rational and emotional media broadcasting; to trace physical and psychological reactions to communicative mimicry in the media. Speech mimicry as one of the methods of disguise is increasingly becoming a dangerous factor in manipulating the media. Mimicry is an unprincipled adaptation to the surrounding social conditions; one of the most famous examples of an animal characterized by mimicry (change of protective color and shape) is a chameleon. In a figurative sense, chameleons are called adaptive journalists. Observations show that mimicry in politics is to some extent a kind of game that, like every game, is always conditional and artificial.