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1

Pau, Felipe Soto. "Análise experimental dos fenômenos da combustão e da emissão de gases em motores de combustão interna utilizando misturas de etanol e gasolina como combustível." Universidade de São Paulo, 2003. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18135/tde-27032017-121239/.

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A utilização de combustíveis alternativos em MCI, visa a substituição ou a redução do consumo de combustíveis fósseis. Qualquer estudo do desenvolvimento de métodos e técnicas que melhore o desempenho dos motores usando combustíveis alternativos é de grande importância tecnológica, econômica e social. Com este fim, foi feito este trabalho de pesquisa, o qual consiste em ensaiar um motor usando misturas de 37% e 50% de etanol na gasolina. O etanol utilizado neste trabalho apresentou um grau alcoólico de 92 INPM aproximadamente. Os ensaios foram feitos em taxas de compressão 8:1, 9.5:1 e 11:1. F
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2

Lima, Leonardo Lopes. "Identificação dos fenômenos de combustão e detonação em um motor ciclo Otto através da corrente iônica." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3140/tde-01112016-090618/.

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As legislações com restrições nos níveis de emissões de poluentes e a grande concorrência entre as montadoras fomentaram o desenvolvimento de sistemas mais eficientes de gerenciamento de motores a combustão interna. Entretanto, a falta de sensores que identifiquem as propriedades da combustão, e que sejam economicamente viáveis, dificulta o desenvolvimento de novos sistemas. Visando suprir parte dessas limitações, este trabalho propõe o uso do sensor de corrente iônica com duas finalidades: identificação dos fenômenos de combustão e detonação. Para identificação da combustão, atualmente é util
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3

Astanei, Dragoş-George. "Improving the performances of the combustion engines by improving the ignition system." Thesis, Orléans, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ORLE2073/document.

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Face aux normes actuelles et futures, de plus en plus drastiques, concernant les émissions de polluants, les constructeurs automobiles cherchent en permanence à améliorer l'efficacité des moteurs à allumage commandé. Une des solutions les plus efficaces et applicables pour diminuer la quantité de polluants émis dans les gaz d’échappement (HC, CO, NOx) et réduire la consommation de carburant, est d’utiliser un mélange très pauvre (richesse du mélange inférieure à 0,6). Toutefois, ce concept de fonctionnement est limité par les systèmes d'allumage classiques qui ne peuvent pas garantir un alluma
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4

Kleut, Petar. "Recuperation of the exhaust gases energy using a Brayton cycle machine." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de València, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/76807.

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Lately, car manufacturers have been put to a big challenge to reduce the CO2 emission of their entire fleets. Norms of pollutant emissions limit the ways to achieve the desired CO2 emission goals, as some of the solutions that would lead to lower CO2 emission also lead to higher pollutant emission. Waste Heat Recovery (WHR) could be a good solution to lower the CO2 emission of the Internal Combustion Engine (ICE) without increasing the pollutant emission. In the present thesis different WHR strategies are analysed and the results suggested it would be interesting to further study the Brayton c
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5

Miguel, García Julián. "Analysis of the high pressure EGR dispersion among cylinders in automotive diesel engines." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de València, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/161889.

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[ES] Los objetivos son 2: 1- Determinar el efecto de la dispersión de la recirculación de gases de escape de alta presión (HP EGR) en las emisiones de NOx y humos en motores diésel de automoción en operaciones de funcionamiento constantes. La investigación cuantifica las emisiones de NOx y humos en función del nivel de dispersión de EGR de alta presión entre cilindros. 2- Explorar los límites del modelado 1D para predecir el movimiento del flujo de los gases en la compleja situación en la que estos entran en los cilindros desde el colector de admisión. Los experimentos se realizaron en un banc
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6

Bishop, Robert Phelps. "Combustion efficiency in internal combustion engines." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/15164.

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Thesis (B.S.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, 1985.<br>MICROFICHE COPY AVAILABLE IN ARCHIVES AND ENGINEERING<br>Bibliography: leaf 26.<br>by Robert Phelps Bishop.<br>B.S.
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7

Martins, Keyll Carlos Ribeiro. "Análises experimental, teórica e computacional do escoamento dos gases de exaustão no conversor catalítico platina/paládio instalado em um motor de combustão interna a etanol." Universidade de São Paulo, 2006. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18135/tde-21122006-092443/.

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O trabalho consiste em análises experimental, teórica e computacional do escoamento dos gases de exaustão através de um conversor catalítico platina-paládio, instalado num motor de combustão interna movido a etanol. Foram realizados ensaios dinanométricos no motor para análise das medidas experimentais no sistema de exaustão e para aquisição de valores das propriedades termodinâmicas, de transporte e de concentrações químicas, os quais serviram de dados iniciais para a simulação computacional desenvolvida com a utilização dos softwares CFX e MFIX. Os programas resolvem um conjunto de equações
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8

Sone, Kazuo. "Unsteady simulations of mixing and combustion in internal combustion engines." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/12171.

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9

Shah, Priti. "Mathematical modelling of flow and combustion in internal combustion engines." Thesis, University of Greenwich, 1989. http://gala.gre.ac.uk/8703/.

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The research work reported herein addresses the problem of mathematical modelling of fluid flow and combustion in internal combustion engines. In particular, the investigation of three topics that constitute prime sources of uncertainty, in current numerical models, namely turbulence modelling, inaccuracies in the solution procedure specific to moving grids, and combustion modelling. Two and three-dimensional computations of the in-cylinder turbulent flow in a diesel engine are described first, with emphasis on the modifications made to the standard k- model of turbulence to account for rapid
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10

Yang, Lisheng. "Friction modelling for internal combustion engines." Thesis, University of Leeds, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.343482.

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11

Clarke, Ralph Henry. "Heat losses in internal combustion engines." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/8290.

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Bibliography: leaves 119-121.<br>This thesis deals with the effects of cooling and heat losses in internal combustion engines. The object of this work was to examine and research various cooling concepts and methods to reduce heat loss to engine coolant, improve thermal efficiency and to predict heat transfer values for these alternatives. The optimum system to be considered for possible application to small rural stationary engines. A literature survey was undertaken, covering work performed in the field of internal combustion engine cooling. Besides the conventional cooling system, two conc
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12

Mitchell, Tom. "Advanced thermal management for internal combustion engines." Connect to this title online, 2007. http://etd.lib.clemson.edu/documents/1193080144/.

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13

Ward, Matthew. "Automatic-calibration methods for internal combustion engines." Thesis, University of Bath, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.418598.

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14

Milovanović, Nebojša. "A study of controlled auto ignition (CAI) combustion in internal combustion engines." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2003. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/19906.

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Controlled Auto Ignition (CAI) combustion is a new combustion principle in internal combustion engines which has in recent years attracted increased attention. In CAI combustion, which combines features of spark ignition (SI) and compression ignition (CI) principles, air/fuel mixture is premixed, as in SI combustion and auto-ignited by piston compression as in CI combustion. Ignition is provided in multiple points, and thus the charge gives a simultaneous energy release. This results in uniform and simultaneous auto-ignition and chemical reaction throughout the whole charge without flame propa
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15

Seward, Balaji B. "Small engine emissions testing laboratory development and emissions sampling system verification." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10450/11024.

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Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2010.<br>Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains xvi, 110 p. : ill. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 108-110).
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16

Ma, Jia. "Model-based control of electro-pneumatic intake and exhaust valve actuators for IC engines." Diss., Connect to online resource - MSU authorized users, 2008.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Michigan State University. Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, 2008.<br>Title from PDF t.p. (viewed on Mar. 31, 2009) Includes bibliographical references (p. 150-151). Also issued in print.
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17

Giles, Anthony Peter. "Alternative fuels and technology for internal combustion engines." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2006. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/56090/.

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Within this thesis is an investigation and appraisal of alternative automotive fuels, internal combustion engine technology and emission reduction techniques. A review of the developments in engine technology, with specific focus on improvements in engine efficiency and emission reductions was undertaken. Tighter emission legislation imposed after the Kyoto agreement has resulted in technological advances in the field of internal combustion engines improving the economy of modern motor vehicles while reducing their emissions of C02 and particulate matter. As part of an EU funded project entitl
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18

Wijewardane, M. Anusha. "Exhaust system energy management of internal combustion engines." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2012. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/9829.

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Today, the investigation of fuel economy improvements in internal combustion engines (ICEs) has become the most significant research interest among the automobile manufacturers and researchers. The scarcity of natural resources, progressively increasing oil prices, carbon dioxide taxation and stringent emission regulations all make fuel economy research relevant and compelling. The enhancement of engine performance solely using incylinder techniques is proving increasingly difficult and as a consequence the concept of exhaust energy recovery has emerged as an area of considerable interest. Thr
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19

Bai, Dongfang Ph D. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. "Modeling piston skirt lubrication in internal combustion engines." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/74901.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, 2012.<br>Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.<br>Includes bibliographical references (p. 143-147).<br>Ever-increasing demand for reduction of the undesirable emissions from the internal combustion engines propels broader effort in auto industry to design more fuel efficient engines. One of the major focuses is the reduction of engine mechanical losses, to which the friction of the piston skirt is one important contributor. Yet there lacks a sufficient understanding of the skirt lubrication behavior to eff
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20

Fleck, R. "Predicting the performance characteristics of internal combustion engines." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.431397.

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21

Page, V. S. "The laser ignition and the in combustion event feedback of internal combustion engines." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2018. http://livrepository.liverpool.ac.uk/3021746/.

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Laser ignition is one of the latest attempts to improve the efficiency and performance of an IC engine. It is slightly unique in that the ignition source is one of the few component of a spark ignited engine that has not been changed in a long time. It is a system that allows a lot of freedom in what can be done with it. Common freedoms are the spatial placement of the spot, splitting the laser into multiple spots, and firing multiple lasers into the engine during a single cycle. It is the last that this thesis is mostly concerned with. Temporal variations are uniquely allowed by lasers over s
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22

Bohl, Thomas. "Investigation of biofuelled combustion and their performance optimisation strategies for internal combustion engines." Thesis, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/3417.

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The increasing use of biofuels to replace fossil fuels as well as more stringent emissions regulations for internal combustion engines cause a challenge for the engine manufacturer to build engines that can cope with a large range of fuel properties, but still offer low fuel consumption and very low exhaust emissions. In this work a heavy-duty diesel engine test bed has been built including the fuel and emission analysis equipment suitable for a wide range of biofuels. Also a constant volume spray vessel has been commissioned to optically investigate the macroscopic spray characteristics of di
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23

Cameron, Cecilia Dianne. "An investigation of squish generated turbulence in. I.C. engines." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/25068.

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Experiments were performed with a single cylinder C.F.R. engine to provide data for the evaluation of the squish designs. Several reference squish chambers were manufactured for the C.F.R. engine. Flow field data was obtained via hot wire anemometer measurements taken in the cylinder during motored operation of the engine. Pressure data recorded while the engine was operated on natural gas yielded mass burn rate information. Mass burn rate analysis of cylinder pressure data shows the squish design to have greatest impact on the main combustion period (2% to 85% mass burned). A comparison of t
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24

Wiseman, Marc William. "Spark ignition engine combustion process analysis." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1990. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/11131/.

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Cylinder pressure analysis is widely used in the experimental investigation of combustion processes within gasoline engines. A pressure record can be processed to reveal detail of charge burning, which is a good indicator of combustion quality. The thesis describes the evaluation of an approximate technique for calculating the mass fraction of the charge that has burnt; a novel approach for determining heat loss to the block; the development of a powerful system for combustion analysis; and the investigation of the correlation between the crank angle location of the 50% mass burnt and minimum
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25

Petreanu, Sorin. "Conceptual analysis of a four-stroke linear engine." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2001. http://etd.wvu.edu/templates/showETD.cfm?recnum=2084.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--West Virginia University, 2001.<br>Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains xii, 126 p. : ill. (some col.). Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 122-126).
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26

Menon, Shyam Kumar. "Performance measurement and scaling in small internal combustion engines." College Park, Md. : University of Maryland, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1903/3589.

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Thesis (M.S.) -- University of Maryland, College Park, 2006.<br>Thesis research directed by: Dept. of Aerospace Engineering. Title from t.p. of PDF. Includes bibliographical references. Published by UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Also available in paper.
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27

Leong, David Kok Wei. "Investigations of friction losses in automotive internal combustion engines." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.408635.

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28

Ribeiro, Mateus Dias. "Fuel spray modeling for application in internal combustion engines /." Guaratinguetá, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/183102.

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Orientador: José Antônio Perrella Balestieri<br>Abstract: Direct injection spark ignition (DISI) engines aim at reducing specific fuel consumption and achieving the strict emission standards in state of the art internal combustion engines. Therefore, in this work the goal is to develop code for simulations of the internal flow in DISI engines, as well as the phenomenon of fuel spray injection into the combustion chamber using a Lagrangian-Eulerian approach for representing the multiphase flow, and Large-eddy Simulations (LES) for modeling the turbulence of the continuum medium by means of the
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29

Moreira, José Francisco Pereira. "Q'@gile : quantum agile manufacture of internal combustion engines." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2005. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/34546.

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Current trends in the automotive industry towards fuel efficient and low emission vehicles, are dictated by more environmental friendly customers, more strict environmental legislation, rising fuel costs and intensive competition. These factors are pressuring vehicle manufacturers to speed up R&D and improve the efficiency and flexibility of their manufacturing operations so that improved products can be introduced over shortened timeframes. Recent advances have been focused on improving the design of internal combustion engines, coupled with research into alternative fuels and related new for
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30

Mamani, A., G. Quispe, and C. Raymundo-Ibañeez. "Electromechanical Device for Temperature Control of Internal Combustion Engines." IOP Publishing Ltd, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/656303.

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Internal combustion engines are the most commonly used engines in the automotive world. However, these engines lack an overheating prevention system against cooling system failures when they exceed their normal operating temperature. Less experienced drivers (users) usually do not notice overheating until the engine stops, generating economic expenses in engine repairs. As such, this paper describes the design and construction of an electromechanical device to prevent engine overheating. This device is installed in a vehicle and operates independently from the electronic control unit (ECU); it
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31

Blomgren, Niklas. "Decoupled Design of Auxiliary Systems for Internal Combustion Engines." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Fluida och mekatroniska system, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-123991.

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This thesis investigated if decoupled design of the air intake and exhaust systems for four-stroke internal combustion engines is possible. Using the information found design guidelines were set up for the formula student team ELiTH Racing. The literature study revealed that the systems are not uncoupled, and the inuence of exhaust geometry on air intake behavior needed more thorough investigation. Experiments were designed, using a single cylinder engine with simple intake and exhaust geometries. The tests were attempted, but had to be abandoned due to time constraints. Successful tests would
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32

Meng, Zhen Ph D. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. "Modeling of piston pin lubrication in internal combustion engines." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2020. https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/129019.

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Thesis: Ph. D., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, 2020<br>Cataloged from student-submitted PDF of thesis.<br>Includes bibliographical references (pages 120-121).<br>The piston pin joins the piston and the connecting rod to transfer the linear force on the piston to rotate the crankshaft that is the eventual power outlet of the engine. The interfaces between the piston pin and the pin bore as well as the connecting rod small end are one of the most heavily loaded tribo pairs in engines. Piston pin seizure still occurs often in the engine development an
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33

Kahraman, Erol Özerdem Barış. "Analysis of a hydrogen fueled internal combustion engine/." [s.l.]: [s.n.], 2005. http://library.iyte.edu.tr/tezler/master/enerjimuh/T000321.pdf.

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34

Morgan, Tessa Joanne. "The modelling of internal combustion engine thermal systems and behaviour." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2003. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/12225/.

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The work described in this thesis concerns the continued development and application of a computational model to simulate the thermal behaviour of internal combustion engines. The model provides information on temperature and heat flow distributions within the engine structure, and on temperatures of oil, coolant and engine-out exhaust gas. Sub-models calculate friction levels, fuel flow rates and gas-side heat transfer, including the effects of exhaust gas recirculation (EGR), spark advance and turbocharging. The effects of auxiliary components such as a cabin heater, oil cooler, intercooler,
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Zhao, Junfeng. "A Fully Flexible Valve Actuation System for internal combustion engines." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/12919.

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Air pollution, global warming, and rising gasoline prices have lead governments, environmental organizations, and consumers to pressure the automotive industry to improve the fuel efficiency of cars. Since alternative fuels such as hydrogen are still quite far from being commercially viable, improving the existing internal combustion engine is still an important priority. Traditional internal combustion engines use a camshaft to control valve timing. Since the camshaft is rigidly linked to the crankshaft, engineers can optimize the camshaft only for one particular speed torque combination. All
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Panting, Julian Ross. "The modelling and optimisation of high performance internal combustion engines." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/11854.

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37

Hussin, Ahmed Mohamed Taher Alaa Eldein. "New and renewable energy: renewable fuels in internal combustion engines." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.590482.

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At the moment the main impetus to move towards alternative fuels produced from renewable resources is legislation and market forces, which push the automotive industry to limit pollutant emissions. One way of reducing these hannful emissions is to replace the conventional fossil fuel totally with syngas or partially with alcohols and/or their ethers. The bending of alcohols to gasoline has been attempted since the mid of 1970's and recently it is in practice in some countries. Interestingly, alcohols are more competitive among the other alternatives such as syngas because they are compatible w
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Leathard, Matthew James. "Computational modelling of coolant heat transfer in internal combustion engines." Thesis, University of Bath, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.248102.

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Piaszyk, Jakub. "Animal fat (tallow) as fuel for stationary internal combustion engines." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2012. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/4135/.

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The main aim of this thesis is to verify the suitability of waste animal fat, obtained from animal by-products in a process called rendering, as a fuel for internal combustion engines. This work is an attempt to provide guidance and minimal requirements for animal fat to be utilised as fuel. The properties of tallow were monitored on a weekly basis throughout a period of one year. Some properties, namely acidity, showed significant variability. Possible reasons causing variable and high acidity are given together with a proposal for an acidity removal method. The available laboratory facilitie
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Taylor, Oliver. "Improving the performance of internal combustion engines through lubricant engineering." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2016. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:4db8f32e-8260-4cff-ad57-08bfa0b9568e.

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Low friction lubricant development provides a worthwhile contribution to vehicle CO<sub>2</sub> emission reduction. Conventional low friction lubricant development focuses on empirical processes using out dated engine technology and old test methods. This strategy is inefficient and restricts the lubricant's potential. A new method proposed in the present research combines tribological simulations with rig, engine and vehicle tests. This approach provides insights undocumented until now. The contribution to CO<sub>2</sub> emission reduction from individual engine components on vehicle drive cy
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Kontarakis, George A. "Homogeneous charge compression ignition in four-stroke internal combustion engines." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2001. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/272293.

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42

Mobley, Christopher G. "Dynamic timing of internal combustion engines using non-intrusive sensors." Thesis, University of Bath, 2001. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.426181.

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43

Batista, João Carlos dos Santos. "Development of variable displacement oil pump for internal combustion engines." Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/15797.

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Mestrado em Engenharia Mecânica<br>In the last years the need to develop more environmentally friendly and efficient cars as led to the development of several technologies to improve the performance of internal combustion engines, a large part of the innovations are focused in the auxiliary systems of the engine, including, the oil pump, this is an element of great importance in the dynamics of the engine as well a considerable energy consumer. Most solutions for oil pumps to this day are fixed displacement, for medium and high speeds, the pump flow rate is higher than the needs of the engine,
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Uczak, de Goes Wellington. "Suspension plasma sprayed thermal barrier coatings for internal combustion engines." Licentiate thesis, Högskolan Väst, Avdelningen för avverkande och additativa tillverkningsprocesser (AAT), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hv:diva-15198.

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The upward trend in internal combustion engine efficiency is likely driven by the depletion of fossil fuels. Since no replacement in sight can deliver energy comparable to the conventional oil, there is a need to use it more rationally and effectively. Thermal barrier coatings have been seen for a long time as a solutionto increase the thermal efficiency of gas turbine engines but suffer from the lackof strong applicability in internal combustion engines. This is due to the different restrictions when comparing the environment on the gas turbines and in internal combustion engines. To overcome
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45

Lakkis, Sari. "New Gas Sensor for Exhaust Emissions of Internal Combustion Engines." Thesis, Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014VERS0064/document.

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L’analyse des gaz d’échappement des moteurs à combustion interne a été traditionnellement réalisée en laboratoires en utilisant des analyseurs de gaz en vrac avec des équipements coûteux. Afin de créer un système capable de réaliser le travail de ces analyseurs, un capteur pouvant détecter plusieurs gaz simultanément est indispensable pour en mesurer la concentration. En effet, utiliser un capteur pour chaque gaz est couteux et peut amener à des procédures complexes d’analyse en raison des différentes technologies utilisées. De plus, l’utilisation de multiples capteurs donne lieu à une perte d
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46

Leroy, Thomas. "Cylinder filing control of variable-valve-actuation equipped internal combustion engines." Paris, ENMP, 2010. https://theses.hal.science/tel-00506471.

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Nous étudions la production de couple et de polluants de moteurs à combustion interne à distribution variable d'un type fréquemment répandu dans l'industrie automobile (moteurs Diesel ou essence). Les systèmes de distribution variable (VVA pour Variable Valve Actuation) ont été introduits dans les moteurs pour optimiser l'efficacité du fonctionnement global sur des plages très larges de points de fonctionnement, considérés à l'équilibre. A tout instant, les résultats de la combustion dépendent du remplissage en air/gaz brûlés du cylindre, qui lui même dépend de la position des actionneurs VVA
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Korir, Patrick Kiprotich. "Experimental Study of Internal Injector Deposits In Internal Combustion Engines Using Renewable Fuels." Thesis, KTH, Materialvetenskap, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-299199.

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The  strive  to  minimize  emissions  in  the  automotive  industry  keeps gaining momentum. Continuous improvement of engine designs and development of more efficient  fuel  systems  in  diesel  vehicles  is  a  solution to  be  applauded.  More importantly is the growing shift to use of renewable fuels in internal combustion engines.  With  countries  implementing  tighter regulations  on  emissions,  and markets  have  witnessed  a  rise  in  the  use of  biofuels.  Subsequently, the fuel quality varies from market to market. Blending  of  different  fuels  changes  the properties  of  fuel
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48

Faber, Peggy A. "A digital indicator diagram generation system for the Ricardo E6 engine /." Online version of thesis, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/1850/10291.

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49

Lorimer, Alexander P. C. K. S. Carleton University Dissertation Engineering Mechanical. "An experimental study of co-axial tailpipe mufflers for internal combustion engines." Ottawa, 1992.

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50

Ochel, Ralf. "NOx̳ reduction for antural gas engines with increased ignition energy and plasma jet ignitors /." This resource online, 1994. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-06122009-063015/.

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