Relevant bibliographies by topics / Combustion of wood chips

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Combustion of wood chips'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Combustion of wood chips"

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Wang, Qi Min, Hao Wang, Jia Hao, and Shuo Guo. "Coal and Wood Chips Co-Pyrolysis Study." Advanced Materials Research 960-961 (June 2014): 422–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.960-961.422.

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As a clean, renewable energy, rational use of biomss can effectively solve the problem of energy shortage and environmental pollution. Co-combustion and Co-gasification of biomass and coal are important ways of biomass utilization. Co-pyrolysis reaction is one of the most important processes in the co-combustion and co-gasification. In order to study the different mix ways of coal and wood chips affections on the co-pyrolysis process, TGA was used to study the co-pyrolysis characters of wood chips and coal mixed by different methods with mass ratio 1:1. it is founded out that there is certain interaction between wood chips and coal by the comparison of TGA curves and calculation curves. There is promoting affection at the high temperature if wood chips and coal had been mixed up. There is inhibiting affection if wood chips and coal are tiering distributed.
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Bakalár, Tomáš, Henrieta Pavolová, Milan Búgel, and Ľubica Kozáková. "Use of Wood Biomass in Slovakia." Advanced Materials Research 1001 (August 2014): 126–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1001.126.

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Biomass is organic material, the second most important source of energy. Biomass is a renewable energy source. Wood biomass is used as source of energy for heating in many regions in Slovakia. It is because of its availability. Wood biomass is an easily accessible and affordable source of energy. At present, thermochemical processes, biochemical processes and physical-chemical processes are used for biomass utilization. In the article a suitable technology for combustion of wood chips is proposed. It consists of five main technological parts: transport of wood chips, silo, combustion boiler, and stack.
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Brožek, M., A. Nováková, and M. Kolářová. "Quality evaluation of briquettes made from wood waste." Research in Agricultural Engineering 58, No. 1 (March 15, 2012): 30–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/33/2011-rae.

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At logging and at the subsequent wood and wood semi-products treatment the fine grained loose waste arises, e.g. wood dust, saw dust, shavings, chips, bark etc. One of possibilities of its meaningful utilization is the briquetting technology, products of which are briquettes determined for energetic utilization (combustion). In the paper the experimental results are published. The briquettes quality evaluation was their aim. For the briquetting tests bark (pine), shavings (about 90% spruce + 10% pine), sawdust (spruce), birch chips and poplar chips were used. The basic physical-mechanical properties were the evaluation criteria. Following properties were determined: gross calorific value, total moisture content, density, rupture force, length, diameter, density and mechanical durability.
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Houshfar, Ehsan, Judit Sandquist, Wilson Musinguzi, Roger A. Khalil, Michaël Becidan, Øyvind Skreiberg, Franziska Goile, Terese Løvås, and Lars Sørum. "Combustion Properties of Norwegian Biomass: Wood Chips and Forest Residues." Applied Mechanics and Materials 110-116 (October 2011): 4564–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.110-116.4564.

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Flue gas emissions and particle size distribution were investigated during combustion experiments of wood, forest residue and mixtures of these two. The combustion experiments were carried out in a grate fired multi-fuel reactor with and without air staging at stable operation conditions and constant temperature of 850 °C. The overall excess air ratio was held at 1.6, and the primary excess air ratio was 0.8 during air staged experiments. NOx emissions are reduced by air staging. Fly ash particle concentration of forest residues in the flue gas is lower than wood. Aerosols number increased in the staged experiments for fuel blends.
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Rimár, Miroslav, and Štefan Kuna. "Design of Methodology for Wood Chips Moisture Evaluation." Applied Mechanics and Materials 308 (February 2013): 141–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.308.141.

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Moisture is an important factor of evaluating of burning process efficiency. Unfavorable moisture increases the requirements for energy/fuel consumption which is needed to evaporate water and in a negative manner affects the volume of exhaust gas, the amount of water vapor in exhaust gas as well as the increase in the temperature of the exhaust gas dew point. Thus, wood chips moisture monitoring is a diagnostics tool suitable for the evaluation of operating parameters and a combustion process. The article deals with the design of an appropriate method of measurement and evaluation of wood chips moisture and compares two methods of moisture determining. The problem of moisture determining consists mainly in selecting a suitable method according to the estimation of content of water in wood chips. Another factor to be considered is the fact that moisture in wood chips due to the ambient conditions (temperature, pressure, humidity) changes over time.
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Adánez, J., P. Gayán, L. F. de Diego, F. García-Labiano, and A. Abad. "Combustion of Wood Chips in a CFBC. Modeling and Validation." Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research 42, no. 5 (March 2003): 987–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ie020605z.

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Müllerová, Jana, and Jozef Puskajler. "Review of Health and Safety Risks of Wood Chips Use." Advanced Materials Research 1001 (August 2014): 426–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1001.426.

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Alternative solid fuels becoming popular thanks to considerable fuel cost save (comparing to gas). Pellet quality varies depending on content of bark, straw and other non-wood additives. These additives decrease the combustion efficiency and increase the fuel consumption and solid emission. Pellets stored in large amount bring certain hazard for a man. They may become dangerous for the high fire risk due to self-ignition tendency and also due to moulds presence attacking the human breath system.
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Жуков, Евгений, Evgeniy Jukov, Константин Меняев, Konstantin Menyaev, Дмитрий Таймасов, Dmitriy Taymasov, Николай Гаврин, and Nikolay Gavrin. "Comprehensive use of wood and agricultural waste in the energy sector of Siberia." Safety in Technosphere 6, no. 6 (May 23, 2018): 61–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/article_5af02c6f319c41.30850749.

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The article considers the methods of increasing technoeconomic and ecological indices of boilers of little and average power by the means of vertical-way combustion of alternative fuels (eg. husks, chips, wood waste). We analyzed the technology of combustion of solid fuels from plant biomass and revealed several issues in the combustion of light sailing particles. The article is dedicated to the investigation of the properties of alternative fuels, to the generation and refinement of furnace arrangements for combustion of low-grade fuels. The results of our work represent a new construction design of the furnace chamber for effective combustion of alternative fuels. The new construction design of the furnace chamber is obtained via the aerodynamic modelling with the use of the «SigmaFlame» software.
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Brožek, Milan. "The Effect of Moisture of the Raw Material on the Properties Briquettes for Energy Use." Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 64, no. 5 (2016): 1453–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun201664051453.

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At logging and at the subsequent wood and wood semi-products treatment the fine grained loose waste is arising, e.g. wood dust, saw dust, shavings, chips, bark etc. One of possibilities of its meaningful utilization is the briquetting technology, which product are briquettes determined for energetic utilization (combustion). This report contains the results of tests carried out with the aim to assess the influence of moisture on the briquettes final properties. For the tests the platan tree chips of four moisture levels, namely 5.7 %, 7.7 %, 15.7 % and 23.9 % were used. The basic physical-mechanical properties were the evaluation criteria. Following properties were determined: ash amount, gross calorific value, total moisture content, density, rupture force, length, diameter, weight and mechanical durability. From the results of carried out tests it follows that the best properties were reached at briquettes made from chips of moisture 7.7 %. At higher or lower moisture the briquettes properties were sharply failing (namely rupture force and density).
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Angelovič, M., P. Findura, J. Jobbágy, Soňa Fiantoková, and M. Križan. "The measurement of gas emissions status during the combustion of wood chips." Savremena poljoprivredna tehnika 40, no. 4 (2014): 221–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/savpoljteh1404221a.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Combustion of wood chips"

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Malíková, Veronika. "Roštový kotel na spalování dřevní štěpky a tříděného odpadu 50t/h." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2020. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-417551.

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The diploma thesis deals with the design of a grate boiler for the combustion of a mixture of RDF and wood chips with the specified output and parameters of superheated steam. The introduction consists of stoichiometric calculations and determination of the thermal efficiency of the boiler. The thesis is devoted to determining the dimensions of the boiler, heat transfer calculations, determining pressure losses, checking the heat balance and chlorine corrosion.
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Kozák, Tomáš. "Roštový kotel s přirozenou cirkulací na spalování dřevní štěpky." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-232155.

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The thesis is dedicated to the design of the steam boiler which burns wood chips, with a natural circulation of the water. It is a grate boiler, which produces 20 t/h of the steam. The output parameters of the steam are 420 °C and 5 MPa. The feedwater temperature is 125 ° C .The thesis gradually deals with stoichiometric calculations and determines the efficiency of the boiler. Then it describes the design of the fireplace and thermal calculations of each heat transfer surfaces. The appendix includes drawings of the boiler.
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Bjurulf, Anders. "Chip geometry : methods to impact the geometry of market chips /." Uppsala : Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2006. http://diss-epsilon.slu.se/archive/00001251/.

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Thesis (doctoral)--Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2006.
Thesis documentation sheet inserted. Appendix reprints four papers and manuscripts, two co-authored with others. Includes bibliographical references. Also issued electronically via World Wide Web in PDF format; online version lacks appendix.
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Bryden, Kenneth Mark. "Computational modeling of wood combustion." Madison, WI, 1998. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/40048634.html.

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Edelman, John S. "Effects of selected factors on sawmill residue wood chip quality." Thesis, This resource online, 1992. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-03302010-020129/.

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Wallace, Robert D. "Improving sawmill residue chip quality." Thesis, This resource online, 1993. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-03242009-040800/.

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Weeks, Gregory Andrew. "Analysis of shaker unit parameters to separate whole-tree wood chips." Thesis, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/53197.

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The quality of whole-tree wood chips has been the focus of much attention during the past few years because of the increased use of lower grade wood über in pulp production. The need to up-grade the quality has resulted in the use of some form of screening system to separate acceptable wood chips from unwanted material at most pulp mills. In order to upgrade the chip quality, a study was conducted to determine the effect of selected parameters of a separation system with an inclined, vibrating screen on screening efficiency. The parameters studied included screen aperture size and frequency of oscillation. Two screen sizes (3/8 and 1/4 inch apertures) and four different frequencies (1.25, 1.50, 1.75, and 2.00 Hertz) were considered. All other shaker unit parameters were held constant. Statistical analysis revealed that the lowest frequency resulted in the highest screening efficiencies for both the pin chips and fines categories. Screening efficiencies were higher with 3/8 inch screen as opposed to 1/4 inch screen, for all frequencies considered, but at 1.25 Hertz, the screening efficiency of fines was only 6 percent better with 3/8 inch screen. This analysis revealed that the lowest acceleration vectors produced the best screening efficiencies. Velocity and acceleration vectors were directly related to frequency of oscillation since all other parameters were held constant for this study. A Programmer’s Hierarchical Interactive Graphics System (PHIGS) program was developed to graphically simulate the screen motion and to analyze the maximum velocity and acceleration vectors of the upper swing arm (input link). By interactively changing the shaker unit parameters, the screen motion was animated and viewed, with the calculated vectors used in the statistical analysis.
Master of Science
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Dyantyi, S. D. (Simphiwe David). "Fungal pretreatment of unextracted and pressurized hot water extracted Eucalyptus Grandis wood chips." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/21655.

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Thesis (MScFor)--University of Stellenbosch, 2007.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Unextracted (control) and PHWe Eucalyptus grandis wood chips were pulped at 15% active alkali (AA) and 1% antraquinone (AQ). Another batch of wood chips were then inoculated with fungal co-cultures of Aspergillus flavipes and Pycnoporus sanguineus. FCCi wood chips were incubated for four weeks; one PHWe inoculated experimental treatment was incubated for three weeks. The full pulping cycle (160 min) was used to digest the experimental treatments with the exception of one lot of PHWe wood chips that were pulped for 150 minutes. A further experimental treatment of PHWe wood chips was cooked at a reduced AA charge of 14% and 1% AQ. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) of the data from all the experimental treatments was conducted and the differences within the experimental treatments were determined using Statistica (v7, 1984–2006). The F-value (Fischer distribution) and the p-value as well as a non-parametric test known as the Mann-Whitney procedure was tested at the 95% confidence limit. For a further enhancement of the 95% confidence limit the screened yield data was tested by the Bootstrap method. Scanning electron micrographs clearly demonstrated the changed structure and appearance of the chip cross-sectional area after the different pretreatments. Although the mean average results of all the screened pulp yields showed no significant statistical difference (p> 0.05), differences in screened yield of up to 2.5% were obtained. All the weighted means of the rejects showed a significant difference (p < 0.05). Other pulp properties like shive content, chemical consumption, Kappa number, handsheet brightness and strength tests showed mixed results i.e. rejected or accepted the hypothesis (p> or =or < 0.05). The hypothesis that the combined PHWE and FCCI of wood chips would further increase the pulp yield had to be rejected. It is however anticipated that the combination of PHWE with successive co-culture fungal pretreatment would be very beneficial in obtaining higher pulp yields for fully bleached chemical pulp. Further research would be required to test this assumption. This investigation confirmed the expected beneficial effects of combined PHWE and FCCI pretreatments of wood chips on the strength properties. In addition the combined treatment also improved the initial bonding strength potential of the unbeaten fibres.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Onbehandelde en met onder druk, warm water uitgeloogde Eucalyptus grandis houtspaanders is respektiefwelik met 15% aktiewe alkali (AA) en 1% antrakinoon (AQ) verpulp. Hierdie is dan met swamkokulture van Aspergillus flavipes en Pycnoporus sanguineus inokuleer en respektiewelik vir drie en vier weke inkubeer. Onder druk uitgeloogde houtspaanders is ook vir 150 minute verpulp by 15% AA 1% AQ en by ‘n verminderde AA van 14%. Pulpevaluasies is uitgevoer op alle eksperimentele behandelinge. Alle onder druk uitgeloogde en met swamkokultuur inokuleerde houtspaanders het ‘n laer pulpopbrengs, uitskot, skilferinhoud, Kappanommer en ‘n hoër RAA en helderheid opgelewer in vergelyking met die vars houtspaanders. Die vars en warm water uitgeloogde houtspaanders het soortgelyke pulpopbrengs opgelewer. ‘n Variansieanalise (ANOVA) van die data van alle eskperimentele behandelings is uitgevoer gebruikmakende van Statistica (V7, 1984 – 2006). Die F-waarde (Fischer-verspreiding) an die p-waarde so wel as ‘n parametriese toets (Mann-Whitney prosedure) is getoets by ‘n 95% betroubaarheidsgrens. Vir ‘n verdere verhoging van die 95% betroubaarheidsgrens van die pulpopbrengs, is die beskikbare data weer getoets met die Bootstrap-metode. Alle gemiddelde pulpopbrengswaardes het geen beduidende statistiese verkil opgelewer nie (p>0.05), alhoewel verskille van tot 2.5% in pulpopbrengs verkry is. Alle gemiddelde uitskotwaardes het ‘n beduidende verskil getoon (p<0.05). Die ander pulpeienskappe soos skilferinhoud, verbruik aan chemikalieë, Kappagetal, handvel helderheid en sterktewaardes het gemengde resultate opgelewer maw verwerping of aanvaarding van die hipotese p> or =or < 0.05. Die hipotese dat die gekombineerde PHWE en FCCI van die houtspaanders die pulpopbrengs verder sou verhoog moes verwerp word. Daar word egter verwag dat die kombinasie van PHWE met opeenvolgende swamkokultuur behandeling baie voordelig sou wees op die pulpopbrengs van ‘n ten volle gebleikte chemiese pulp. Verdere navorsing is nodig om hierdie veronderstelling te toets. Die ondersoek het die verwagte woordelige effek van die gekombineerde PHWE en FCCI voorbehandelings van die houtspaanders op die papierstrkte-eienskappe bevestig. Bo en behalve dit, het die gekombineerde behandeling ook die aavanklikte bindsterkte potensiaal van die ongeklopte vessels verbeter.
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Laytner, Frank. "Fundamentals and technology of wafer drying." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/30728.

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The commercial rotary dryers used to dry wood wafers (of approximate dimensions 0.63 mm thick, 50 mm wide and 76+ mm long) for the production of panelboard are modified versions of agricultural dryers and have not been designed for the optimal drying of wood wafers. The lack of available information on wafer drying necessitated that the first goal of this research was the characterization of wafer drying behaviour. After the important parameters of wafer drying were identified, the applicability of fluidized bed technology to wafer drying was assessed and an industrial size dryer was designed. The proposed fluidized bed wafer dryer was then compared to a commercial rotary dryer in terms of energy efficiency. Wafer drying behaviour was investigated in two factorial experiments. Three lengths of wafers (25 mm, 44 mm and 63 mm) were individually dried in a 0.15 m draft tube at temperatures of 90°C, 120°C and 150°C. The statistical analysis of the resultant drying rate curves showed that the drying behaviour of aspen wafers was influenced by the effect of wafer length on the external heat and mass transfer rates to the wafer surface, and on the length of internal pathways for bulk flow and diffusion of water. The external drying conditions had a decreasing effect on drying rate until about 10% moisture content at which time drying became limited by internal heat and mass transport. The initial assessment of fluidized bed technology for wafer drying used a 0.15 m semi-cylindrical column for the determination of wafer drying rate curves and wafer behaviour in a fluidized bed of inert particulate solids at excess superficial velocities of 0.25 to 1.0 m/s. Wafer drying times in a bed of 0.5 mm sand at 150°C were about 40% of the drying times for wafers dried by forced convection of air at the same temperature and twice the superficial velocity (~ 1 m/s). Wafer movement in the fluidized bed followed the circulation patterns of the emulsion phase and was thus dependent on the bubbling behaviour of the bed. A minimum excess superficial velocity of 0.25 m/s (depending on distributor design) was required to prevent permanent settling of the wafers to the distributor. Preliminary experimentation on a 2-compartment bed showed that wafers could be circulated through the two compartments in near plug flow. However, the application of this technique to a 4-compartment continuous fluidized bed wafer dryer was unsuccessful because of the separation of sand and wafers caused by slugging beds in two of the compartments. A preliminary design was prepared for an industrial size, 5-compartment fluidized bed wafer dryer to approximate plug flow of wafers by a series of well-mixed fluidized beds in series. The design calculations showed that this dryer was more efficient in terms of energy and plant space than a conventional triple pass rotary dryer.
Applied Science, Faculty of
Chemical and Biological Engineering, Department of
Graduate
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Girgis, Elisabeth. "Fuel devolatilization in packed bed wood combustion." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/26645.

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Packed bed combustion is the burning of solid fuel particles supported by a grate with the combustion air supplied from below. The combustion process is divided into four main stages: drying, devolatilization, volatiles combustion and char combustion. Biomasses proposed as renewal energy sources, such as wood, have a very high volatile content (∼80%). Therefore mechanistic models developed for the prediction of bed characteristics during biomass combustion must include devolatilization and volatile combustion stages in order to correctly predict combustion behaviour for better emissions control and process efficiency. A novel in-situ sampling method for tar, a major pyrolysis product, was developed that allows its concentration to be measured at various heights within the packed bed and appears to work satisfactorily. A series of experiments on packed bed combustion were conducted in a laboratory 'pot' type combustor. Two different equivalent particle size diameters (2.8 cm and 3.2 cm) of untreated spruce wood and two different airflow rates (0.025 kg/m2s and 0.03 kg/m 2s) were tested at a 22 cm bed height. Although the experimental data show scatter, the measurements indicated that pyrolysis occurred primarily within two particle diameters of the top of the bed, with large amounts of tar and CO and somewhat less CO2 being produced. This research also expanded a numerical model for packed bed combustion of solid fuels with the addition of a simple first order pyrolysis reaction, in which fixed proportions of the products were set as light volatiles of CO and CO2 with the balance as tar. The model results compared well with bed temperature, particle size and density measurement throughout the bed and gas concentration (CO, CO2, O2, and CH4) measurements in the reduction and oxidation zone.
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Books on the topic "Combustion of wood chips"

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Small-commercial, woodchip combustion technology workshop (1987 Charlottetown P. E. I. ). Small-commercial woodchip combustion technology workshop. Ottawa: Energy, Mines and Resources Canada, 1987.

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Franklin, G. S. Upgrading in-woods chips with the Simco/Ramic optical-pneumatic chip sorter. Pointe-Claire, Québec: Forest Engineering Research Institute of Canada = Institut Canadien de recherches en génie forestier, 1996.

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Scott, Donald S. Catalytic hydrogasification of wood. [Ottawa]: Renewable Energy Branch, 1986.

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Klawer, Paul. On-/off-highway transportation of wood chips with a TAC B-train trailer. Vancouver, B.C: Forest Engineering Research Institute of Canada, 1995.

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Wojciech, Sokołowski. Analiza procesu rozpraszania i usuwania wiórów w strefie obróbki przy frezowaniu drewna i tworzyw drzewnych. Warszawa: Wydawn. SGGW, 1994.

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Holm, V. A. Southeast British Columbia fibre resource study. [Victoria, B.C.]: Ministry of Forests, 1989.

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Gorte, Ross W. The chip mill industry in the South. [Washington, D.C.]: Congressional Research Service, Library of Congress, 1998.

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Leiviskä, Veijo. Energiapuun tuottaminen turvehakeseospolttoainetta varten. Oulu: Oulun yliopisto, Pohjois-Suomen tutkimuslaitos, 1994.

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Sampson, George Roger. Temperature changes in an initially frozen wood chip pile. Portland, Or: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, 1987.

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Chip Preparation and Quality Seminar (1992 Saratoga Springs, N.Y.). 1992 Chip Preparation and Quality Seminar: Ramada Renaissance Hotel, Saratoga Springs, NY, June 23-24. Atlanta: TAPPI Press, 1992.

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Book chapters on the topic "Combustion of wood chips"

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Nussbaumer, Thomas. "Wood Combustion." In Advances in Thermochemical Biomass Conversion, 575–89. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-1336-6_44.

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Abdoli, Mohammad Ali, Abooali Golzary, Ashkan Hosseini, and Pourya Sadeghi. "Wood Pellet Combustion." In University of Tehran Science and Humanities Series, 139–59. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-74482-7_8.

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Gaegauf, Christian. "Wood Chips Fueled Stirling Engine." In Advances in Thermochemical Biomass Conversion, 632–42. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-1336-6_48.

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Boussaid, Abdel-Latif, Ali R. Esteghlalian, David J. Gregg, Keun Ho Lee, and John N. Saddler. "Steam Pretreatment of Douglas-Fir Wood Chips." In Twenty-First Symposium on Biotechnology for Fuels and Chemicals, 693–705. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-1392-5_53.

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Grebenkov, A. J., V. V. Rymkevich, A. A. Andrizhijevski, and V. G. Goulo. "Chernobyl Forests: Risk from Wood Combustion." In Assessment and Management of Environmental Risks, 93–106. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-0987-4_10.

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Simmons, Wayne W., and Kenneth W. Ragland. "Single Particle Combustion Analysis of Wood." In Fundamentals of Thermochemical Biomass Conversion, 777–92. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-4932-4_41.

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Good, Jürgen. "Combustion Control for Automatic Wood Firings." In Advances in Thermochemical Biomass Conversion, 590–604. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-1336-6_45.

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Oravainen, K. H., and J. J. Saastamoinen. "Emissions from Wood Combustion in Fireplaces." In Developments in Thermochemical Biomass Conversion, 1482–91. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-1559-6_116.

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Laitinen, A., K. Karjalainen, A. Virtanen, J. Keskinen, M. Aho, J. Maunuksela, and I. Talka. "ESP for Small Scale Wood Combustion." In Electrostatic Precipitation, 54–56. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-89251-9_8.

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Ciolkosz, Daniel, and Jim Babcock. "Commercial Combustion and CHP Systems." In Wood-Based Energy in the Northern Forests, 135–51. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-9478-2_8.

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Conference papers on the topic "Combustion of wood chips"

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A˚mand, Lars-Erik, Bo Leckner, Solvie Herstad Sva¨rd, Marianne Gyllenhammar, David Eskilsson, and Claes Tullin. "Co-Combustion of Pulp- and Paper Sludge With Wood: Emissions of Nitrogen, Sulphur and Chlorine Compounds." In 17th International Conference on Fluidized Bed Combustion. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fbc2003-097.

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Sludge from wastewater treatment plants in five Swedish pulp and paper mills has been burned together with wood in a circulating fluidised bed (CFB) boiler. The sludge was either mechanically dewatered or pre-dried. The mechanically dewatered sludge had to be fed with a pump, but the pre-dried sludge could be fed by the fuel feed system normally used for coal, wood chips or wood pellets. In parallel to the combustion tests in the CFB boiler the sludges were also investigated as single fuels in a small laboratory FB. The Swedish pulp and paper industry produces three major fractions of sludge: pure fibre sludge, sludge produced by employing a precipitation species like ironaluminiumsulphate, and finally, sludge subjected to biological cleaning. The way of production of the sludge influences its content of, for example, nitrogen, sulphur and chlorine, but the composition of the sludge is also influenced by the pulp and paper process. The present measurements show that the concentrations of nitrogen, sulphur and chlorine in the sludge have a great impact on the corresponding gaseous emissions from combustion. Actions to prevent these emissions could be necessary, depending on the origin of the sludge and treatment process used. In the present project all sludges were burned with wood-pellets as the main fuel under identical operating conditions, typical for a CFB boiler. Wood pellets were chosen as a well defined, low-polluting fuel that makes comparison of emissions from the sludges clear. Co-combustion with wood-pellets has the advantage of enabling operation also with wet sludges that cannot be used as single fuels without pre-drying. No actions were taken to improve sulphur and chlorine retention, by for example adding limestone. From a combustion point of view the co-combustion works well with low levels of carbon monoxide present in the flue gas and no light hydrocarbons.
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Yang, Huawen, Li Zhang, and Kai Li. "Numerical Simulation of Wood Chip Combustion." In 2010 Asia-Pacific Power and Energy Engineering Conference. IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/appeec.2010.5448607.

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Sva¨rd, Solvie Herstad, Stig Backman, Anders Kullendorff, Hans-A˚ke Tilly, Leo Virta, and Egon Sternga˚rd. "Co-Combustion of Animal Waste in Fluidised Bed Boilers: Operating Experiences and Emission Data." In 17th International Conference on Fluidized Bed Combustion. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fbc2003-135.

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Crushed animal waste, given the trade name Biomal, has successfully been combusted in Fluidized Bed Boilers with low emission data. About 500 tons of Biomal were co-combusted in full scale tests in commercial boilers with wood chips, peat and sorted municipal waste. The mixing ratios varied between 30% and 65% depending on the fuel mix. In order to minimize the spread of BSE-infection among cattle a new EU legislation became effective in October 2000. This regulation stipulates that animal waste such as carcasses and SRM (Specific Risk Material) from slaughterhouses has to be destroyed by combustion. The company Konvex AB, which in Sweden is responsible for taking care of this type of animal waste, has together with S.E.P. (Scandinavian Energy Project AB) developed a cost effective concept for using animal waste as a fuel without first processing it into fat and meat meal. The Biomal fuel has been continuously co-combusted for 7 days in a 12 MWth bubbling fluidized bed boiler and for 3 days in a 40 MWth circulating fluidized bed boiler with very good operating performance. During the test periods ordinary emission data such as CO, SO2, NOx, TOC etc. as well as specific compounds such as Dioxins and heavy metals were measured recorded. All data including operating parameters in the EU regulation for co-combustion of waste, EU 2000/76/EG, were met. The CO-levels were below 50 mg/m3n and the TOC-levels were most of the time undetectable and well below 10 mg/m3n. • Despite a much higher nitrogen content in the Biomal fuel compared to wood chips the NOx-emissions were unaffected or in some chases reduced by up to 50% while firing Biomal. • No increased Dioxin emission where measured.
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Aoki, Hideyuki, Yohsuke Matsushita, Tsuyoshi Yamamoto, and Takatoshi Miura. "Biomass Combustion and Its Utilization to the Distributed Power Generation." In 2002 International Joint Power Generation Conference. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ijpgc2002-26128.

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A wood chip combustion behavior in a turntable type moving bed combustor is numerically analyzed in order to understand the fundamental combustion behavior in the combustor. An experiment is also carried out to compare the experimental data with numerical results and estimate the performance of the numerical analysis. Wood is used as building materials in most countries, and wooden house is the most popular in Japan. In some countries such as Japan, the period of durability of wooden house is for several decades because of high humidity and warm weather. A great amount of wooden waste is disposed and buried every year. From a viewpoint of effective use of energy, these kind of wooden wastes should be converted to valuable source of energy by efficient combustion operation. It is however difficult to operate the wooden waste conversion system because this waste includes other material such as plastics, plaster board, stone and soil. These kinds of intermingled material cannot be separated easily from wooden waste. In this study, we develop the turntable type moving bed combustor which effectively discharges the intermingled material from the combustor. We also develop the numerical model for the analysis of the combustor. The turbulent gas flow in the combustor is described by k-ε two-equation model and a momentum exchange between gas and moving bed of wood chip is considered. A solid phase is assumed to be a Newtonian fluid. Gas and solid phase temperature are calculated with considering convective and radiative heat transfers. Devolatilization reaction of wood is calculated by a first order chemical reaction model. Chemical reactions of gas and solid surface are also calculated with considering both chemical and gas film diffusion rates. Governing equations above-mentioned are simultaneously solved by control volume method. The geometry of the combustor is 470 mm in diameter and 1,500 mm in height. The combustion air is introduced tangentially from side wall. Wood chip is fed by screw feeder from side wall. Wood chip feed rate is 50 kg/hr, initial temperature of wood chip is 293 K and air ratio is 1.2. Numerical results are fairly in good agreement with experimental data. High temperature and low oxygen gas which contains unburned CO near centerline region of the combustor is observed in both experimental and numerical results. The mixing promotion of this fuel containing gas and oxygen rich gas near sidewall region is a problem of the development of efficient energy conversion system. This combustor would be one of the heat sources for a steam-driven electric power plant utilizing wooden waste as the source of fuel in local area.
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Rainio, Aku, Vinod Sharma, Markus Bolha`r-Nordenkampf, Christian Brunner, Johannes Lind, and John Crosher. "Fluidized Bed Technologies for Biomass Combustion." In ASME 2009 Power Conference. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/power2009-81052.

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Biomass, a renewable fuel source for generating energy, is available in large quantities in the USA. Typical biomass consists of wood chips, construction and demolition wood, bark, residual logging debris, saw dust, paper rejects, and paper and sewage sludge. Composition and moisture content of biomass vary greatly and affect its heating value. There are several combustion technologies available to generate power from biomass. Fluidized bed boilers are preferred, because of their ability to burn a wide variety of biomass fuels while achieving high combustion efficiency and low emissions. This paper discusses basic design and operation features of bubbling (BFB) and circulating fluidized bed (CFB) boilers, both offering high fuel flexibility. In fluidized bed combustion, reactive biomass fuels are almost completely burned out because of close contact between the hot bed material and the fuel. In advanced BFB and CFB boilers, an open bottom design is used for ash and coarse material removal through the fluidizing air distribution system. This allows combustion of fuels containing large inert particles, such as rocks and metal pieces. If limestone is added to the bed, SO2 emissions are reduced. By using ammonia or urea in high temperature areas, NOx emissions are reduced. In order to achieve very low emissions, back-end flue gas treatment for SO2, NOx, HCl, HF, and Hg is required. To treat flue gases, several technologies can be used — such as activated carbon and sodium bicarbonate or Trona injection, Turbosorp® circulating dry scrubber, and SCR. Normally the preferred particulate matter cleaning device is a baghouse since the filter cake allows further reactions between pollutants and sorbents. Different fluidized bed designs are shown and recommended for various biomass fuels. This paper describes design, fuels, and emissions for an advanced BFB boiler producing steam at a rate of 230,000 lb/hr/930 psig/860°F (29.0 kg/s/64 barg/460°C).
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Lindsey, C., M. Sawyer, A. Schmidt, P. Aubrey, and A. Webster. "Emissions Performance of a Novel Combustor Burning Shredded Wood." In 17th Annual North American Waste-to-Energy Conference. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/nawtec17-2344.

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The Air Force Research Laboratory, Airbase Technologies Division (AFRL/RXQ) is engineering and evaluating the Transportable Waste-to-Energy System (TWES). This trailer mounted system will convert military base waste and biomass waste streams to useful heat and power. The Department of Energy (DOE) Federal Energy Management Program (FEMP) is a TWES funding partner. The first stage of the project is a suspension-type combustor (furnace). The furnace has been built and tested. A key feature of the furnace system is its unique patented combustion coil design. The design is intended to maximize ablative heat transfer by increasing particle residence time near a radiant ignition source. The innovative features of the design are targeted at ensuring that the system can be highly fuel-flexible to convert a variety of biomass and other waste streams to energy while demonstrating very low emissions. In 2008, the unit underwent two days of emissions stack testing using established Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) testing protocols. During the testing, extensive real-time data were also collected. This paper presents the data and corresponding analysis of the recent emissions testing performed while utilizing dry wood chips as a control fuel. Detailed emission comparisons are presented using publicly available information from commercial units and from a similarly sized experimental system for small biomass combustion. Key combustion efficiency factors, such as carbon monoxide emissions and nitrogen oxide emissions are presented. The authors also provide commentary on the results for next generation units and the use of this mode of energy conversion for small scale systems.
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ŚWIĘTOCHOWSKI, Adam, Jakub GAWRON, Magdalena DĄBROWSKA, and Aleksander LISOWSKI. "INFLUENCE OF STEAM EXPLOSION ON MATERIAL PROPERTIES UNDER PRESSURE AGGLOMERATION." In RURAL DEVELOPMENT. Aleksandras Stulginskis University, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/rd.2017.193.

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The purpose of the study was to determine the influence of the steam explosion process on the change in properties of the material subjected to this process. Wood chips were used before and after the steam explosion (SE), and pellets made from wood chips subjected to steam explosions (black pellet). The scope of the study included determination of physical and chemical characteristics such as moisture content, combustion heat and calorific value, determination of lignin and hemicellulose, cellulose and hydrogen, carbon, nitrogen and sulfur content. hemicellulose compounds. After the process biomass, there are still mainly cellulose and lignin compounds that are readily biodegradable. The process results in a slight increase in material humidity and lower calorific value, but further processing in the form of agglomeration results in reversal of these effects.
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Baláš, Marek, Pavel Milčák, Martin Lisý, and Petr Kracík. "Properties of particles emitted when combusting wood chips and agro-materials." In 38TH MEETING OF DEPARTMENTS OF FLUID MECHANICS AND THERMODYNAMICS. AIP Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5114729.

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del Rio Oliveira, Santiago, and André Luiz Salvat Moscato. "Estimation of LHV, released heat and exergy of a combustion reaction of spent coffee and eucalyptus wood chips." In 24th ABCM International Congress of Mechanical Engineering. ABCM, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.26678/abcm.cobem2017.cob17-0792.

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Ragland, Kenneth W., and Danny J. Aerts. "Gravel Bed Combustor for Solid Fuel Fired Gas Turbine." In 1985 Joint Power Generation Conference: GT Papers. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/85-jpgc-gt-1.

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A fixed bed, downdraft combustor for solid fuels applicable to gas turbine cogeneration or combined cycles is described. The combustor has a refractory gravel bed, with fuel placed on top of the gravel and burning at the fuel-gravel interface. The gravel retains fuel particles in the combustion zone, preventing carryover of unburned char. Combustion temperature is held below the ash fusion temperature by using high excess air through the bed, thereby minimizing particulate ash agglomeration. Previous work on fixed bed, downdraft combustors and coal fired gas turbines is reviewed. Recent results from test firing a 480 cm2 (0.5 ft2) gravel bed combustor at atmospheric pressure with 2 cm (0.75 in.) wood chips are presented. Heat release rates of 3500 MJ/hr m2 (300,000 Btu/hr ft2) and higher were obtained. Carbon carryover in the exhaust was negligible. Approximately 85 percent of the particulate ash emissions was less than 10 microns.
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Reports on the topic "Combustion of wood chips"

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Nguyen Quang Tan. Chopping for chips: An analysis of wood flows from smallholder plantations in Vietnam. Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR), 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.17528/cifor/003473.

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Nicholls, David L., Robert Deering, and Thomas R. Miles. Engineered wood fuels for southeast Alaska—local wood chips for thermal energy applications, and the specific case of Haines, Alaska. Portland, OR: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/pnw-gtr-965.

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Nicholls, David L., Robert Deering, and Thomas R. Miles. Engineered wood fuels for southeast Alaska—local wood chips for thermal energy applications, and the specific case of Haines, Alaska. Portland, OR: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/pnw-gtr-965.

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Amagai, Kenji, Etsuhiro Sekiguchi, Masahiro Saito, and Masataka Arai. Combustion Characteristics of Plastic/Wood Compound Materials. Warrendale, PA: SAE International, May 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2005-08-0188.

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Hartley, Damon S., James Dooley, and Christopher Lanning. Techno-economic analysis comparison of comminution of wood chips using a hammer mill and a rotary shear. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1483615.

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Baxter, L., B. Jenkins, and F. Winter. Baseline NO{sub x} emissions during combustion of wood-derived pyrolysis oils. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10111897.

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Lee, G. K., W. J. Howel, and R. W. Braaten. Combustion performance test with wood refuse on a rocker-grate stoker for northland power. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/304334.

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Nicholls, David L., and Daisy Huang. Combustion efficiency and emissions analysis for a school wood energy system in interior Alaska. Portland, OR: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/pnw-rp-616.

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Nicholls, David L., and Daisy Huang. Combustion efficiency and emissions analysis for a school wood energy system in interior Alaska. Portland, OR: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/pnw-rp-616.

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Graham, R. L., W. Liu, M. Downing, C. Noon, M. Daly, and A. Moore. The effect of location and facility demand on the marginal cost of delivered wood chips from energy crops: A case study of the state of Tennessee. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/219272.

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