Journal articles: 'Combustion of wood chips'

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Wang, Qi Min, Hao Wang, Jia Hao, and Shuo Guo. "Coal and Wood Chips Co-Pyrolysis Study." Advanced Materials Research 960-961 (June 2014): 422–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.960-961.422.

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As a clean, renewable energy, rational use of biomss can effectively solve the problem of energy shortage and environmental pollution. Co-combustion and Co-gasification of biomass and coal are important ways of biomass utilization. Co-pyrolysis reaction is one of the most important processes in the co-combustion and co-gasification. In order to study the different mix ways of coal and wood chips affections on the co-pyrolysis process, TGA was used to study the co-pyrolysis characters of wood chips and coal mixed by different methods with mass ratio 1:1. it is founded out that there is certain interaction between wood chips and coal by the comparison of TGA curves and calculation curves. There is promoting affection at the high temperature if wood chips and coal had been mixed up. There is inhibiting affection if wood chips and coal are tiering distributed.

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Bakalár, Tomáš, Henrieta Pavolová, Milan Búgel, and Ľubica Kozáková. "Use of Wood Biomass in Slovakia." Advanced Materials Research 1001 (August 2014): 126–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1001.126.

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Biomass is organic material, the second most important source of energy. Biomass is a renewable energy source. Wood biomass is used as source of energy for heating in many regions in Slovakia. It is because of its availability. Wood biomass is an easily accessible and affordable source of energy. At present, thermochemical processes, biochemical processes and physical-chemical processes are used for biomass utilization. In the article a suitable technology for combustion of wood chips is proposed. It consists of five main technological parts: transport of wood chips, silo, combustion boiler, and stack.

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Brožek, M., A. Nováková, and M. Kolářová. "Quality evaluation of briquettes made from wood waste." Research in Agricultural Engineering 58, No. 1 (March 15, 2012): 30–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/33/2011-rae.

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At logging and at the subsequent wood and wood semi-products treatment the fine grained loose waste arises, e.g. wood dust, saw dust, shavings, chips, bark etc. One of possibilities of its meaningful utilization is the briquetting technology, products of which are briquettes determined for energetic utilization (combustion). In the paper the experimental results are published. The briquettes quality evaluation was their aim. For the briquetting tests bark (pine), shavings (about 90% spruce + 10% pine), sawdust (spruce), birch chips and poplar chips were used. The basic physical-mechanical properties were the evaluation criteria. Following properties were determined: gross calorific value, total moisture content, density, rupture force, length, diameter, density and mechanical durability.

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Houshfar, Ehsan, Judit Sandquist, Wilson Musinguzi, Roger A. Khalil, Michaël Becidan, Øyvind Skreiberg, Franziska Goile, Terese Løvås, and Lars Sørum. "Combustion Properties of Norwegian Biomass: Wood Chips and Forest Residues." Applied Mechanics and Materials 110-116 (October 2011): 4564–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.110-116.4564.

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Flue gas emissions and particle size distribution were investigated during combustion experiments of wood, forest residue and mixtures of these two. The combustion experiments were carried out in a grate fired multi-fuel reactor with and without air staging at stable operation conditions and constant temperature of 850 °C. The overall excess air ratio was held at 1.6, and the primary excess air ratio was 0.8 during air staged experiments. NOx emissions are reduced by air staging. Fly ash particle concentration of forest residues in the flue gas is lower than wood. Aerosols number increased in the staged experiments for fuel blends.

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Rimár, Miroslav, and Štefan Kuna. "Design of Methodology for Wood Chips Moisture Evaluation." Applied Mechanics and Materials 308 (February 2013): 141–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.308.141.

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Moisture is an important factor of evaluating of burning process efficiency. Unfavorable moisture increases the requirements for energy/fuel consumption which is needed to evaporate water and in a negative manner affects the volume of exhaust gas, the amount of water vapor in exhaust gas as well as the increase in the temperature of the exhaust gas dew point. Thus, wood chips moisture monitoring is a diagnostics tool suitable for the evaluation of operating parameters and a combustion process. The article deals with the design of an appropriate method of measurement and evaluation of wood chips moisture and compares two methods of moisture determining. The problem of moisture determining consists mainly in selecting a suitable method according to the estimation of content of water in wood chips. Another factor to be considered is the fact that moisture in wood chips due to the ambient conditions (temperature, pressure, humidity) changes over time.

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Adánez, J., P. Gayán, L. F. de Diego, F. García-Labiano, and A. Abad. "Combustion of Wood Chips in a CFBC. Modeling and Validation." Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research 42, no. 5 (March 2003): 987–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ie020605z.

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Müllerová, Jana, and Jozef Puskajler. "Review of Health and Safety Risks of Wood Chips Use." Advanced Materials Research 1001 (August 2014): 426–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1001.426.

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Alternative solid fuels becoming popular thanks to considerable fuel cost save (comparing to gas). Pellet quality varies depending on content of bark, straw and other non-wood additives. These additives decrease the combustion efficiency and increase the fuel consumption and solid emission. Pellets stored in large amount bring certain hazard for a man. They may become dangerous for the high fire risk due to self-ignition tendency and also due to moulds presence attacking the human breath system.

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Жуков, Евгений, Evgeniy Jukov, Константин Меняев, Konstantin Menyaev, Дмитрий Таймасов, Dmitriy Taymasov, Николай Гаврин, and Nikolay Gavrin. "Comprehensive use of wood and agricultural waste in the energy sector of Siberia." Safety in Technosphere 6, no. 6 (May 23, 2018): 61–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/article_5af02c6f319c41.30850749.

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The article considers the methods of increasing technoeconomic and ecological indices of boilers of little and average power by the means of vertical-way combustion of alternative fuels (eg. husks, chips, wood waste). We analyzed the technology of combustion of solid fuels from plant biomass and revealed several issues in the combustion of light sailing particles. The article is dedicated to the investigation of the properties of alternative fuels, to the generation and refinement of furnace arrangements for combustion of low-grade fuels. The results of our work represent a new construction design of the furnace chamber for effective combustion of alternative fuels. The new construction design of the furnace chamber is obtained via the aerodynamic modelling with the use of the «SigmaFlame» software.

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Brožek, Milan. "The Effect of Moisture of the Raw Material on the Properties Briquettes for Energy Use." Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 64, no. 5 (2016): 1453–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun201664051453.

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At logging and at the subsequent wood and wood semi-products treatment the fine grained loose waste is arising, e.g. wood dust, saw dust, shavings, chips, bark etc. One of possibilities of its meaningful utilization is the briquetting technology, which product are briquettes determined for energetic utilization (combustion). This report contains the results of tests carried out with the aim to assess the influence of moisture on the briquettes final properties. For the tests the platan tree chips of four moisture levels, namely 5.7 %, 7.7 %, 15.7 % and 23.9 % were used. The basic physical-mechanical properties were the evaluation criteria. Following properties were determined: ash amount, gross calorific value, total moisture content, density, rupture force, length, diameter, weight and mechanical durability. From the results of carried out tests it follows that the best properties were reached at briquettes made from chips of moisture 7.7 %. At higher or lower moisture the briquettes properties were sharply failing (namely rupture force and density).

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Angelovič, M., P. Findura, J. Jobbágy, Soňa Fiantoková, and M. Križan. "The measurement of gas emissions status during the combustion of wood chips." Savremena poljoprivredna tehnika 40, no. 4 (2014): 221–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/savpoljteh1404221a.

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Skoglund, Nils, Linda Bäfver, Johan Fahlström, Erik Holmén, and Caroline Renström. "Fuel design in co-combustion of demolition wood chips and municipal sewage sludge." Fuel Processing Technology 141 (January 2016): 196–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fuproc.2015.08.037.

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Čaja, Alexander, and Nikola Kantová. "Comparison of particulate matter in combustion of wood chips and sawdust at nominal and reduced output." MATEC Web of Conferences 168 (2018): 08001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201816808001.

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Biomass has been still on the rise in recent years in the world. But combustion of biomass led to the increase of emissions in the atmosphere. Mainly in winter time is formed a large amount of particulate matter. They have adverse impact on our health when human breathes them. This is a reason why is important to produce low level of these emissions. However, several aspects impact on their formation. This article examines impact of type of fuel and operation of heat source on PM formation. It compares particulate matter from combustion of wood chips and sawdust at nominal and reduced output.

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Vitázek, Ivan, Martin Šotnar, Stella Hrehová, Kristína Darnadyová, and Jan Mareček. "Isothermal Kinetic Analysis of the Thermal Decomposition of Wood Chips from an Apple Tree." Processes 9, no. 2 (January 21, 2021): 195. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr9020195.

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The thermal decomposition of wood chips from an apple tree is studied in a static air atmosphere under isothermal conditions. Based on the thermogravimetric analysis, the values of the apparent activation energy and pre-exponential factor are 34 ± 3 kJ mol−1 and 391 ± 2 min−1, respectively. These results have also shown that this process can be described by the rate of the first-order chemical reaction. This reaction model is valid only for a temperature range of 250–290 °C, mainly due to the lignin decomposition. The obtained results are used for kinetic prediction, which is compared with the measurement. The results show that the reaction is slower at higher values of degree of conversion, which is caused by the influence of the experimental condition. Nevertheless, the obtained kinetic parameters could be used for the optimization of the combustion process of wood chips in small-scale biomass boilers.

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Meiller, Martin, Jürgen Oischinger, Robert Daschner, and Andreas Hornung. "Development of a New Sensor Module for an Enhanced Fuel Flexible Operation of Biomass Boilers." Processes 9, no. 4 (April 9, 2021): 661. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr9040661.

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The heterogeneity of biogenic fuels, and especially biogenic residues with regard to water and ash content, particle size and particle size distribution is challenging for biomass combustion, and limits fuel flexibility. Online fuel characterization as a part of process control could help to optimize combustion processes, increase fuel flexibility and reduce emissions. In this research article, a concept for a new sensor module is presented and first tests are displayed to show its feasibility. The concept is based on the principle of hot air convective drying. The idea is to pass warm air with 90 °C through a bulk of fuel like wood chips and measure different characteristics such as moisture, temperatures and pressure drop over the bulk material as a function over time. These functions are the basis to draw conclusions and estimate relevant fuel properties. To achieve this goal, a test rig with a volume of 0.038 m3 was set up in the laboratory and a series of tests was performed with different fuels (wood chips, saw dust, wood pellets, residues from forestry, corn cobs and biochar). Further tests were carried out with conditioned fuels with defined water and fines contents. The experiments show that characteristic functions arise over time. The central task for the future will be to assign these functions to specific fuel characteristics. Based on the data, the concept for a software for an automated, data-based fuel detection system was designed.

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Buchmayr, M., J. Gruber, M. Hargassner, and C. Hochenauer. "Experimental investigation of the primary combustion zone during staged combustion of wood-chips in a commercial small-scale boiler." Biomass and Bioenergy 81 (October 2015): 356–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.07.016.

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Najser, Jan, Ondřej Němček, and Marcel Mikeska. "Characterization of syngas produced from biomass gasification." MATEC Web of Conferences 168 (2018): 08003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201816808003.

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This conference paper presents biomass (wood chips from the production process of sawmills) as a renewable energy source to produce electric energy by gasification. Executed measurements from the gasifier with a fixed bed and properties of produced syngas are described in this paper. The goal is to use the produced syngas at co-generation units with piston combustion engines to produce electric energy and heat. The syngas composition is the final result of these measurements. The syngas from gasification contains pollutants which cause technical difficulties during its use in engines with internal combustion and for this reason it is necessary to choose an adequate system of syngas cleaning.

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Dobrego, K. V., and I. A. Koznacheev. "Numerical Simulation of Two-Phase System of “Combustible Liquid – Solid Fuel” Combustion in a Fixed Bed." ENERGETIKA. Proceedings of CIS higher education institutions and power engineering associations 62, no. 3 (June 3, 2019): 247–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.21122/1029-7448-2019-62-3-247-263.

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Investigation of combustion of complex heterogeneous systems and particularly of twophase “combustible liquid – solid fuel” systems is topical because of the need to improve combustion of multicomponent and non-standard fuels as well as for resolution of specific ecological problems. The qualitative and quantitative peculiarities of combustion of two model combustible systems, notionally corresponding to the “sawdust – oil” and “wood chips – oil” mixtures are investigated numerically. The main peculiarity of the systems is volatility of the fluid component, being gaseous-flow driven inside porous media. A one-dimensional plain problem of combustion of compact layer with the ignition from the bottom and from the upper side is considered. It is demonstrated that due to low gas permeability of the fine-dispersed solid matrix (sawdust), air flow velocity is relatively low which results in slow formation of the combustion front (the characteristic time is tens of minutes). In case of coarse solid phase (wood chips), airflow rate is higher and corresponding time of temperature fronts formation is smaller (a few minutes). Both for the cases of fine-dispersed and coarse particles solid matrix phase, when set on fire from below, the fluid component is evacuated from the hot zone before the combustion front is formed. Since that, the main characteristics of the temperature front dynamics correspond to “dry” fuel system. In case of upper side ignition the combustion wave is formed at the time of the order of 100 s (when the used magnitudes of parameters are being used again), then it spreads downstream of the layer, accompanied by incomplete oxidation of solid fuel and complete combustion of oxygen. The effect of incomplete solid fuel combustion was noted earlier in the investigations of combustion of lean coal layer and some other systems. The velocity of the combustion wave propagation does not differ much for the cases of upper side and bottom side ignition. But the time of establishing the quasi-stationary velocity of the front to the steady-state value at the initial stage is much less in case of bottom side ignition. The results obtained by the authors can be utilized for optimization of multi-phase fuels combustion in compact layer, the regime parameters of in-situ combustion method of oil recovery increase as well as for improvement of some specific chemical processes.

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Oveisi, Ehsan, Shahab Sokhansanj, Anthony Lau, Jim Lim, Xiaotao Bi, Fernando Preto, and Cliff Mui. "Characterization of Recycled Wood Chips, Syngas Yield, and Tar Formation in an Industrial Updraft Gasifier." Environments 5, no. 7 (July 22, 2018): 84. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/environments5070084.

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In this study, the moisture content, calorific value, and particle size of recycled wood chips were measured. The wood chips were used to fuel an 8.5 MWth updraft gasifier to produce syngas for combustion in a steam-producing boiler. In-situ syngas composition and tar concentrations were measured and analyzed against biomass fuel properties. No efforts were made to adjust the properties of biomass or the routine operating conditions for the gasifier. A sampling device developed by CanmetENERGY-Ottawa (Ottawa, ON, Canada) was used to obtain syngas and tar samples. Wood chip samples fed to the gasifier were taken at the same time the gas was sampled. Results indicate that as the fuel moisture content increases from 20% to 35%, the production of CO drops along with a slight decrease in concentrations of H2 and CH4. Tar concentration increased slightly with increased moisture content and proportion of small fuel particles (3.15–6.3 mm). Based on the findings of this study, biomass fuel moisture content of 20% and particles larger than 6.3 mm (1/4″) are recommended for the industrial updraft gasifier in order to achieve a higher syngas quality and a lower tar concentration.

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Lukáč, Ladislav, Ján Kizek, Gustáv Jablonský, and Yevgeniy Karakash. "Defining the Mathematical Dependencies of NOx and CO Emission Generation after Biomass Combustion in Low-Power Boiler." Civil and Environmental Engineering Reports 29, no. 3 (September 1, 2019): 153–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ceer-2019-0031.

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Abstract The paper deals with the study of the influence of various factors, which have an impact on emissions such as NOx, CO, which have been verified by measurements. Biomass in the form of wood chips as fuel of different moisture content from 9% to 25% has been tested at various boiler outputs. The presented work also defines the mathematical dependencies of NOx and CO emission generation by using regression analysis from measured data after biomass combustion in low-power boilers. The paper also describes a mathematical model of biomass combustion. The mathematical model was created to verify the measured data and prediction of emission generation in the process of biomass combustion. This model consists of combustion of stoichiometry, calculation of combustion temperatures, obtained regression equations of NOx and CO. At the end of this paper, the obtained results are compared with the calculated models as well as the results of the defined dependencies from the regression analysis.

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Rimar, Miroslav, Olha Kulikova, Andrii Kulikov, and Marcel Fedak. "Energy Treatment of Solid Municipal Waste in Combination with Biomass by Decentralized Method with the Respect to the Negative Effects on the Environment." Sustainability 13, no. 8 (April 15, 2021): 4405. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13084405.

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Waste is a product of society and one of the biggest challenges for future generations is to understand how to sustainably dispose of large amounts of waste. The main objective of this study was to determine the possibility and conditions of the decentralized combustion of non-hazardous municipal waste. The analysis of the combustion properties of a mixture of wood chips and 20–30% of municipal solid waste showed an improvement in the operating parameters of the combustion process. Analysis also confirmed that the co-combustion of dirty fuels and biomass reduced the risk of releasing minerals and heavy metals from fuel into the natural environment. Approximately 55% of the heavy metals passed into the ash. The analysis of municipal solid waste and fuel mixtures containing municipal solid waste for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons showed the risk of increasing polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon concentrations in flue gases.

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Hrnčířová, Michaela, Michal Špiláček, and Jiří Pospíšil. "SIZE ANALYSIS OF SOLID PARTICLES AT THE EXPERIMENTAL DEVICE FOR MULTI-STAGE BIOMASS COMBUSTION." Acta Polytechnica 54, no. 1 (February 28, 2014): 22–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.14311/ap.2014.54.0022.

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This paper presents the results of an analysis of ash content particles produced in biomass combustion at an experimental device. The main parts of the device are: the water heater, the gasifying chamber, the air preheater, and the fuel feeder. This device can be modified for combustion in an oxygen-enriched atmosphere. Sawdust and wood chips were used as fuel, and were laid loosely into the device. Ash specimens were extracted from various parts of the device. For the measurements themselves, we used the Analysette 22 MicroTec Plus universal laser diffraction device manufactured by the Fritch Company, in the size range from 0.08 μm to 2000 μm. The device utilizes laser diffraction for particle size analysis.

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Chong, K. H., A. R. H. Rigit, R. Baini, S. F. Saleh, and A. A. R. Awangku Yussuf. "Operational Parameters Assessment of a Biomass-To-Fuel Gas Converter." Journal of Civil Engineering, Science and Technology 5, no. 1 (April 1, 2014): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.33736/jcest.125.2014.

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This study presents the assessment on the existing mini-sized biomass-to-fuel gas (B2F) converter. Operational parameters, such as composition of after filtered residual liquid (AFRL), composition of raw combustible fuel gases produced using wood chips and coal as feedstock, and nearby incremental levels of carbon monoxide and suspended particulate during operation, are determined. Analysis results of the raw (unburnt) combustible fuel gases from low grade Balingian-Mukah coal and wood chips found that there were approximately 23-29% gasoline constituents; 15-30% diesel constituents; 1-16% CO2; 10-13% O2, CO, SO, NO and H2O; 46-71% combustible gases. It was observed that the phenol contained in the AFRL recorded approximately 5,310 mg/L. Moreover, by-products, such as 1.5% tars and 13% AFRL, were produced. The result shows that a B2F converter is suitable to harvest the combustible gases that can be used as fuel for internal combustion engines. However, the amount of organics indicated that the AFRL should not be discharged directly into watercourses without pre-treatment.

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Aniszewska, Monika, and Arkadiusz Gendek. "Comparison of heat of combustion and calorific value of the cones and wood of selected forest trees species." Forest Research Papers 75, no. 3 (September 1, 2014): 231–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/frp-2014-0022.

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Abstract Every year, scaling plants buy (up to tens of tons) cones which needs to be peeled. After the process of scaling, the cones themselves are waste, which is partly sold. The problem of waste disposal is especially severe in plants where the processing is performed by electrically-powered scaling cabinets, but the problem does not apply to facilities where pellets are burned to produce beat. We examined the beat of combustion and calorific value of the residues from scaling plants that can be used in the production of refined wood fuels. The residues consist of the empty cones of pine, spruce, larch as well as husks and stems of silver fir. Additionally, we conducted measurements of the beat of combustion for wood and cones of each species and compared them to their respective calorific values. The results revealed that the average calorific value of the cones is in the range 17.81-19.86 MJ/kg. Our work showed that empty cones have a significantly higher calorific value and beat of combustion than the wood of spruce, larch and fir. In the case of pine, cones and wood did not differ significantly. These results led us to the conclusions that empty de-scaled cones can be utilised as a valuable primary solid fuel or fuel additive for the production of refined products for the local market. Due to the low annual production of cones in comparison to other materials such as sawdust and wood chips, pine cones should be used as a supplement, to enrich fuels of inferior quality by enhancing their energetic properties.

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Gejdoš, Miloš, and Martin Lieskovský. "Wood Chip Storage in Small Scale Piles as a Tool to Eliminate Selected Risks." Forests 12, no. 3 (March 3, 2021): 289. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f12030289.

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Massive use of wood biomass is usually associated with its long-term, large-scale storage in power plants and heating plants. Long-term storage of wood biomass (more than 3 months), in large volumes, brings risks from the point of view of human health or property treatment. This work aimed to verify how the long-term storage of wood chips from beech wood in small piles affects their energy properties and whether in this way it is possible to reduce the risk of fire by self-heating in piles and the volume of phytopathogenic spore production. Four experimental piles, each with a base of 4 × 4 m and a height of 2 m, were established. After 6 months, one of the piles was disassembled and samples from 0.5 m, 1.0 m, and 1.5 m height levels were taken for analysis. The results of the experiment confirmed that the energy properties of wood chips stored in small piles significantly deteriorate after more than half a year of storage. It has also been confirmed that the choice of this method of storing in smaller, spatially divided piles can lead to a significant minimization of the risk of spontaneous combustion and fire. The length of the storage period did not have a positive effect on the abundance of phytopathogen content in the stored piles. With the length of storage, only the number of identified harmful species of phytopathogens were changed and, at the same time, their number of colonies increased.

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Andersson, Johan, and Åke Nordberg. "Biogas Upgrading Using Ash from Combustion of Wood Fuels: Laboratory Experiments." Energy and Environment Research 7, no. 1 (May 5, 2017): 38. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/eer.v7n1p38.

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The value of biogas produced at small scale facilities, such as farm scale biogas plants, can increase by upgrading it to vehicle fuel quality. However, commercial upgrading technologies available today are very costly for small scale applications. Ash from combustion of wood fuels has a high content of Ca, which indicates favourable conditions for a high CO2 uptake capacity from biogas. The objective of this study was to assess the CO2 uptake capacity of ash from combusted wood pellets and wood chips in a laboratory scale solid bed reactor using an inlet gas mixture of CO2 and CH4 with the aim to reach > 97 % CH4 in the outlet gas. A gas with a defined composition of 65 % CH4 and 35 % CO2 was passed through a moisturised solid ash bed in an up-flow manner. The gas quality in the outlet gas and the CO2 uptake capacity of the ash was assessed. Bottom ash from combusted wood pellets showed the best uptake capacity of 0.20 g CO2/g dry ash, which is 4-8 higher than studies where municipal solid waste incineration bottom ash was tested. The outlet gas from the ash reactor contained high concentrations of methane (up to 99.6 %) and the gas contained no CO2 until CO2 breakthrough occurred in the ash bed. Furthermore, the pH of the ash was reduced by 2 to 3 units due to the carbonation, which improves the prerequisites for recycling the ash to forestry. It was concluded that an ash bed with Ca rich wood ash has the ability to reach vehicle fuel quality regarding CH4 concentration. Based on the results, a biogas plant of 1 GWh (3.6 TJ) per year would require approx. 650 tonnes of dry wood ash a year with an uptake of 0.20 g CO2/g dry ash and an inlet biogas composition of 60 % CH4 and 40 % CO2.

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Martinov, Milan, Branislav Veselinov, Savo Bojic, and Djordje Djatkov. "Investigation of maize cobs crushing: Preparation for use as a fuel." Thermal Science 15, no. 1 (2011): 235–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci100407059m.

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Maize crop residues have great significance, particularly in developing countries, where the harvest of maize ears and their natural drying is widely applied. After drying and grain threshing, maize cobs are available for energetic use on farmers? yards. Shortcomings for their energetic utilization by combustion, in comparison with wood, are higher contents of potassium, chlorine and nitrogen, and lower ash softening point. Tests in small wood chip boilers showed that the size of maize cobs should be reduced in order to facilitate better combustion and feeding with commonly used screw conveyors. Desirable length of particles should be 1-1.5 of their diameter. Within the framework of the Eureka project, a low-cost maize cobs crusher was developed and tested. It consists of a drum with six rows of knives, stationary comb-like knives and a screen situated below the drum. The test resulted with working parameters that enable appropriate size reduction. Analyses of crushed material showed that over 80% of particles were in the range of 3.15-45 mm, less than 1% smaller than 1 mm, and less than 1% larger than 63 mm. This granulation is comparable with size class P45 for wood chips in accordance with standard DIN CEN/TS 14961. Further investigations should focus on improving the combustion facilities, in order to avoid formation of ash slag, and keeping exhaust gas characteristics within values defined by legislation.

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Shirinkina, E. S., Ya I. Vaisman, and O. N. Kurilo. "Use of the Energy Potential of Organic Waste during its Incineration at Recycling Facility." Ecology and Industry of Russia 22, no. 7 (July 17, 2018): 54–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.18412/1816-0395-2018-7-54-58.

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To develop recommendations for improving the efficiency of the use of resource potential of organic waste, studies were carried out on the process of their thermal treatment using the example of plant manufactured by company Wellons type 2D6C8.AO. The plant is operated at one of the enterprises of the pulp and paper industry and is designed to generate process steam both by burning primary gas fuel and by using as a fuel mixture different types of organic waste (bark and wood waste, wood chips and sewage sludge). Based on the results obtained, the criteria for estimate the quality of fuel mixture: ash content (not more than 5 %), humidity (not more than 58 %), calorific value (not less than 4000 J/g), homogeneity of the component and fractional composition of the fuel mix (grain size not more than 25–50 mm) were worked out. Taking into account the developed criteria, the optimum composition of fuel mixture was determined (bark and wood waste 70–80 %, pulp and paper sludge 20–30 %, wood chips 4 %). As the main measures to reduce and stabilize the humidity of the fuel used for combustion, the introduction of dry debarking of wood, preliminary mechanical dewatering of the pulp and paper sludge, additional dosing in the main waste stream of waste formed in auxiliary industries (wooden pallets, boxes, paper scrap, etc.) is recommended. The introduction of the developed measures will prevent the disposal of waste in the environment and minimize the impact of the landfills on the geosystems.

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Del Giudice, Angelo, Andrea Acampora, Enrico Santangelo, Luigi Pari, Simone Bergonzoli, Ettore Guerriero, Francesco Petracchini, Marco Torre, Valerio Paolini, and Francesco Gallucci. "Wood Chip Drying through the Using of a Mobile Rotary Dryer." Energies 12, no. 9 (April 26, 2019): 1590. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12091590.

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Drying is a critical point for the exploitation of biomass for energy production. High moisture content negatively affects the efficiency of power generation in combustion and gasification systems. Different types of dryers are available however; it is known that rotary dryers have low cost of maintenance and consume 15% and 30% less in terms of specific energy. The study analyzed the drying process of woody residues using a new prototype of mobile rotary dryer cocurrent flow. Woodchip of poplar (Populus spp.), black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.), and grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) pruning were dried in a rotary drier. The drying cycle lasted 8 h for poplar, 6 h for black locust, and 6 h for pruning of grapevine. The initial biomass had a moisture content of around 50% for the poplar and around 30% for grapevine and black locust. The study showed that some characteristics of the biomass (e.g., initial moisture content, particle size distribution, bulk density) influence the technical parameters (i.e., airflow temperature, rate, and speed) of the drying process and, hence, the energy demand. At the end of the drying process, 17% of water was removed for poplar wood chips and 31% for grapevine and black locust wood chips. To achieve this, result the three-biomass required 1.61 (poplar), 0.86 (grapevine), and 1.12 MJ kgdry solids−1 (black locust), with an efficiency of thermal drying (η) respectively of 37%, 12%, and 27%. In the future, the results obtained suggest an increase in the efficiency of the thermal insulation of the mobile dryer, and the application of the mobile dryer in a small farm, for the recovery of exhaust gases from thermal power plants.

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Yoshida, Takahiro, Katsushi Kuroda, Daisuke Kamikawa, Yoshitaka Kubojima, Takashi Nomura, Hiroki Watada, Tetsuya Sano, and Seiji Ohara. "Water Resistance of Torrefied Wood Pellets Prepared by Different Methods." Energies 14, no. 6 (March 15, 2021): 1618. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14061618.

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Torrefaction used in combination with pelletization is a promising technology to upgrade solid biofuels and has been demonstrated worldwide. In comparison with normal biomass pellets, which disintegrate under wet conditions, one of the advantages of torrefied biomass pellets is better water resistance. An understanding of the differences in water proof properties for torrefied biomass pellets by different production schemes can promote their further application. In the communication, various torrefied pellets were exposed to indoor and outdoor conditions, and changes in moisture content and diameter were examined. Two production schemes for the torrefied pellets were used for comparison: the torrefaction of wood chips followed by pelletization (pre-torrefaction) and the pelletization of wood chips followed by torrefaction (post-torrefaction). It was found that the post-torrefied pellets had much lower moisture levels than the pre-torrefied pellets in both indoor and outdoor tests. In the outdoor test with no-roof condition, the rate of increase in moisture content for the pre-torrefied pellets was more than double that for the post-torrefied pellets, and the post-torrefied pellets exhibited almost no diameter change. The results on the superior water resistance of post-torrefied pellets were nearly consistent with those reported in previous literature. Torrefied pellets have been considered for industrial use, such as in co-combustion and gasification on a large scale. Taking advantage of the different water resistances, torrefied pellets could also be used by personal and community consumers on a small scale for long-term indoor and outdoor storages as advanced solid biofuels with high waterproof performance, energy density, and lower biodegradation.

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Armansyah, Dian Hadi. "PEMANFAATAN PANAS PADA DINDING KOMPOR GASIFIKASI BIOMASSA UNTUK PEMBANGKIT LISTRIK DC MENGGUNAKAN THERMOELECTRIC GENERATOR." Journal of Renewable Energy and Mechanics 3, no. 02 (September 29, 2020): 44–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.25299/rem.2020.vol3.no02.4287.

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The stove is one technology that plays an important role in the utilization of energy at the household scale. The biomass stove studied was a blower system gasification stove. In the blower system, oxygen entering the combustion chamber flows continuously according to the needs of combustion. In this biomass gasification stove study, researchers will also use the biomass stove wall or thermal energy into kinetic energy for grinding blowers and charging systems. This study aims to obtain fuel by utilizing biomass or organic waste as biomass stove fuel and get the energy driving the blower and charging system by utilizing a thermoelectric generator system. biomass stoves used in this study use the principle method of Top-Lif Up Draft (T-LUD) Gasifier, a type of gasifier that matches the characteristics of biomass that has high volatile matter, where the stove is designed intended for biomass fuel from agricultural waste products and industry, boiling 1 kg of water is done using wood chips by varying the area of the air flow door, which is 50%, 75%, and 100%. Can be analyzed Comparison of the performance of the biomass cooker stove and the power generated by the thermoelectric generator, at each door width of the air flow results are different, this is due to the mass of fuel consumption and fire temperature. After calculating the highest thermal efficiency results obtained in the area of 50% air flow ventilation and obtained power generated 1.83 watts with 100% ventilation flow door area using wood chips.

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Lin, Xi Yu, Guo Min Fu, Wei Lv, and Chao Cheng. "Analysis of Optimization about the Wall Temperature of the Biomass Fuel Hot Stove." Applied Mechanics and Materials 713-715 (January 2015): 2981–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.713-715.2981.

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<p>This paper introduces the structure and working principle of biomass fuel hot stove, and analyses the existing problems in the combustion process. Simultaneously, the paper proposes the optimization about the wall high temperature of the hot stove, which is the main issue in the hot stove.</p> <p>Biomass resources in China is very abundant.only the amount of resources of agricultural wastes (such as straw) each year is equivalent to 3.08 tons of standard coal. The biomass briquette is compressed with loose, amorphous materials, such as straw, rice husk, sawdust, wood chips, into a shaped, denser solid fuel with the method of mechanical pressure. It has the advantages of small size, high density, easy storage and transportation, combustion stability, long cycle, high combustion efficiency, low contaminant levels in ash and flue gas. It provides an effective way to solve the energy shortage in rural areas and straw burning problem fundamentally[1].</p>

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Chen, Meijing, Baojun Yi, Zhigang Li, and Qiaxia Yuan. "Combustion characteristics of biomass and bituminous coal co-firing in non-isothermal and isothermal conditions." BioResources 15, no. 4 (October 27, 2020): 9490–506. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.15.4.9490-9506.

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A thermogravimetric method was used to study the combustion of bituminous coal (BC), diverse biomass (wood chips: WC, chaff: CH), and their blends under non-isothermal conditions and isothermal conditions. A higher blending amount of WC or CH under non-isothermal conditions resulted in a lower ignition temperature, burnout temperature, and a greater comprehensive combustion characteristic index. Meanwhile, the co-combustion of BC, WC, and CH all showed inhibiting effects. The inhibition effect was prominent when the blending ratio of WC was below 30%. Under isothermal conditions, with the increase of oxygen concentration and blending amount, the combustion performance of BC improved gradually. The synergistic effect between BC and biomass dominated, and the interaction was more distinct when WC content exceeded 50%. Under both non-isothermal and isothermal conditions, the interaction between CH and BC did not vary at diverse blending ratios. The dynamic results suggested that the chemical reaction model O1 was suitable for stage 1 of the co-combustion of WC and BC, the model diffusion controlled D4 controlled the co-combustion of CH and BC and stage 2 of the co-combustion of WC and BC. The blending ratio of WC or CH with the lowest activation energy was 50%.

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Sookramoon, Krissadang. "Syngas from Updraft Gasifier Incineration for Internal Combustion Engine Power Generation in Klongluang PathumThani Thailand." MATEC Web of Conferences 187 (2018): 03002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201818703002.

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This paper presents the internal combustion engine power generation using syngas from the updraft biomass gasifier as a fuel. 3 types of fuel such as Golden shower tree wood chip, charcoal, and gasohol 91 were tested for the engine running. The experiment was performed on July 25-26, 2017 at Faculty of Industrial Technology Vallaya Alongkorn Rajabhat University Pathum Tani Thailand. Data on the performance of the engines fueled with producer gas and gasohol 91 is presented. The experiment was carried out by using a four-stroke 13 HP gasoline engine coupled with a generator as a load in producing electricity. The carburetor was modified for fuel gas running by loading 7 kg/batch of Golden shower chips and charcoal for syngas producing and the engine performance was measured. The results showed that, the engine power was 110.125 W, 115.425 W, and 128.038 W, while using a golden shower chip, charcoal, and gasohol 91 as the fuel, respectively. The generator efficiency is 80% therefore the generator power reduces 20%. The test indicated that golden shower chips could produce higher quality of syngas than charcoal but the engine power has less power than fueled with gasohol 91.

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Pavlov, G. I., A. I. Akhmetshina, A. N. Sabirzyanov, and A. A. Tikhonov. "DEVELOPMENT OF THE DESIGN SCHEME OF THE COMBUSTION CHAMBER FOR BURNING OF WOOD CHIPS THE OLD SLEEPERS." «Izvestiya vysshikh uchebnykh zavedenii. PROBLEMY ENERGETIKI» 20, no. 1-2 (March 30, 2018): 3–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.30724/1998-9903-2018-20-1-2-3-13.

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Kuptz, Daniel, Simon Lesche, Theresa Mendel, Robert Mack, Elisabeth Rist, Claudia Schön, and Hans Hartmann. "Fuel properties, dry matter losses and combustion behavior of wood chips stored at aerobic and anaerobic conditions." Biomass and Bioenergy 142 (November 2020): 105745. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biombioe.2020.105745.

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36

Kosior-Kazberuk, M., and D. Józwiak-Niedzwiedzka. "Influence of Fly Ash From Co-Combustion of Coal and Biomass on Scaling Resistance of Concrete / Wpływ Popiołu Lotnego Ze Współspalania Wegla I Biomasy Na Odpornosc Betonu Na Powierzchniowe Łuszczenie." Archives of Civil Engineering 56, no. 3 (September 1, 2010): 239–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v.10169-010-0013-x.

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Abstract Industrial utilization of fly ash from various kinds of fuel plays an important role in the environmentally clean and cost effective power production. The primary market for fly ash utilization is as a pozzolanic addition in concrete production. The paper concerns the concretes containing fly ash called Fly Ash from Biomass (FAB) from co-combustion of hard coal and wood biomass (wood chips). Characterization of the fly ash was carried on by means of X-ray diffractometry and E-SEM/EDS analysis. The results of laboratory studies undertaken to evaluate the influence of FAB on concrete resistance to surface scaling due to cyclic freezing and thawing in the presence of NaCl solution were presented. The tests were carried out for concretes containing up to 25% of fly ash related to cement mass. Additionally, the microstructure of air-voids was described. It was concluded that the FAB has significant effect on concrete freeze/thaw durability. The replacement of cement by fly ash from co-combustion progressively transformed the concrete microstructure into less resistant against freeze/thaw cycles and excessive dosage (over 15%) may dangerously increase the scaling.

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Kalina, Jacek, Andrzej Sachajdak, Rafał Strzałka, Mateusz Świerzewski, and Jerzy Ćwięka. "Operational experience and modelling of biomass combustion process in cogeneration systems with ORC units." E3S Web of Conferences 82 (2019): 01008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20198201008.

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Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) technology is nowadays considered as interesting option for utilization of local biomass resources. The number of plants worldwide is constantly growing within typical range of electric power output form 0.2 to 3.0 MW. In such systems biomass combustion chambers with step or vibrating grates are used. Heat is transferred to the thermal oil in a separate spiral heat exchanger. The biggest problems in such system are variable and inaccurately predictable properties of biomass that directly influences operation of combustion equipment, and thus the performance of entire cogeneration plant. In this paper experiences from two plants are presented. The plants are located in Krosno (Poland) and in Ostfildern near Stuttgart, Germany. In the first one high quality wood chips are used whereas the second one is powered by low quality biomass with the mass ash content approaching 18%. Although similar, both plants use different strategies to control the combustion process. Long term measurements are used to develop biomass combustion models in the plants. The paper also presents results of implementation of the online optic measurement system for monitoring of biomass properties such as LHV, ash and water content.

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Westberg, Heije Miettinen, Madeleine Byström, and Bo Leckner. "Distribution of Potassium, Chlorine, and Sulfur between Solid and Vapor Phases during Combustion of Wood Chips and Coal." Energy & Fuels 17, no. 1 (January 2003): 18–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ef020060l.

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Jussi-Pekka, Aittola, Viinikainen Seppo, and Roivainen Juha. "The emission of PCDD/PCDF's and related compounds from co-combustion of RDF with peat and wood chips." Chemosphere 19, no. 1-6 (January 1989): 353–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0045-6535(89)90335-4.

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Chaijunda, Pongdee, Chaiyaput Kruehong, Mallika Thabuot, Chattichai Waisurasingha, and Prinya Chindaprasirt. "The Effect of Fuel Type on Temperature Profile within Pilot-Scale Downdraft-Gasifier for the LPG Replacement in Electricity Production." Advanced Materials Research 931-932 (May 2014): 1033–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.931-932.1033.

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This research presents the effect of fuel type on temperature profile within the pyrolysis-, combustion-and reduction-zone of the pilot-scale downdraft gasifier, and the replacement potential of LPG with syngas for electricity production. The experimental results showed that gasification of different fuels have the distinctions of temperature level in each zone. More stable syngas production was obtained either from wood chips (WC) or plastic carrier bag (PCB). In contrast, gasification of aluminum coated plastic bag (ACPB) showed the unsatisfied syngas. From the operation with the dual mode of LPG and syngas for electric production, LPG consumption was reduced about 27.08%, 14.58% and 8.33% when PCB-, WC-and ACPB-syngas were used, respectively.

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41

Locke, H. B., S. N. R. Choudhury, and D. C. D. Lecamwasam. "Integrated Rural Energy Centres for Agriculture-Based Economies." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part A: Power and Process Engineering 200, no. 4 (November 1986): 267–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/pime_proc_1986_200_036_02.

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After supplying (a) food materials (rice, cassava, coconut oil etc.) and (b) industrial products (coconut fibre, rubber, timber etc.) there are left (c) energy raw materials, which are often burnt inefficiently and wrongly thought of as wastes (coir dust, wood chips, bagasse pith etc.) Energy raw materials may be incinerated, or hydrolysed, or digested etc. for industrial purposes. They may also be used as fuels for combustion—in domestic cookers, or for steam raising in industry. Energy efficiency may be improved by briquetting energy raw materials to make them more satisfactory as fuels. In addition, modern methods of gasification of some of the briquettes can make producer gas to fuel small, ordinary internal combustion engines. The power may be mechanical as shaft power, or as electricity for lighting, operating machinery etc. Integrated rural energy centres (IRECs) involve this sequence of drying, briquetting, gasifying some of the briquettes to make power, and using the rest of the briquettes for industry for steam raising instead of the wood or oil that is so often the normal fuel. An alternative possibility, particularly for higher ranges of power generation (about 300–500 kW) is to burn the energy raw material at high efficiency in a fluidized bed combustor (FBC), and make use of the hot gases produced to generate power through steam or externally-fired gas turbines, Briquetting techniques are simple and capable of much further development. Gasification techniques are also simple (with proper design) and also capable of further development. Heat recovery for product drying, for example, can be a useful feature of a combined electrical and heat energy generation system, adopting the gasification or efficient direct burning in an FBC route.

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Suhartono, Suharto, Nurlaila Agustina, and Hanna Hafidaturrohmah. "Field testing and evaluation of a domestic biomass cookstove in rural small household industry." E3S Web of Conferences 67 (2018): 02034. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20186702034.

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This work presents the performance parameters of a solid biomass cookstove for household industrial application to meet the parameters required by the National Standardization Agency of Indonesia (SNI 7926: 2013). The biomass stove design was tested using corncob, coconut shell and wood chips as biomass fuel. Thermal efficiency, combustion efficiency, specific fuel consumption, emission of CO and particulate emissions were evaluated. The combustion temperature, visual flame, combustion air requirement as well as economic evaluation were also studied as additional performance parameters. The average specific fuel consumption rate, Sc of the stove was found 0.57 kg/h. The using amount of biomass variety on this stove could produce the maximum thermal power, Pth of 24,75 kWth and the average combustion efficiency, ηc and the thermal efficiency, ηth of 98.2% and 27%, respectively. The flame temperature of 722-947°C was achieved at equivalence ratio, ф=0.61-0.89. The average CO and particulate production, PM2.5 on this biomass stove were 39.97g/kg and 0.9 g/kg, respectively. The difference of profit margin compared to liquid petroleum gas (LPG) utilization as fuel was about IDR 2,000/kg fish. All these parameters are met to SNI 7926:2013 and corncobs seem the most appropriate biomass fuel on the consideration of this test results.

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Saakian, Alexander. "Enzyme activity in assessing the effects of fumigation with soil smoke." АгроЭкоИнфо 4, no. 46 (August 31, 2021): 26. http://dx.doi.org/10.51419/20214426.

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Abstract As a result of fires, in addition to the fire itself and high temperatures, smoke from combustion products has a significant effect on the biota. The aim of the work was to assess the effect of fumigation with combustion products of plant origin on the biology activity of ordinary chernozem. In a series of model experiments, the reaction of soil enzymes (catalase, peroxidase, polyphenol oxidase, invertase, urease, phosphatase) to the smoke of the studied soil with products of thermal decomposition of plant materials (foliage, needles, straw, wood chips) is shown. A significant decrease in the enzyme activity of the studied enzymes was revealed in the range from 7% to 33%, depending on the time spent under the smoke of chernozem (15–120 minutes). The highest sensitivity to fumigation was noted for enzymes of the class of oxidoreductases: catalase, polyphenoloxidase, and peroxidase. Thus, a significant sensitivity and information content of the indicators of the enzyme activity of soils on the effect of smoke has been established, which can be used in monitoring the consequences of fires. Keywords: PYROGENIC EFFECTS, WILDFIRE, COMBUSTION PRODUCTS, CHERNOZEM, BIOLOGY ACTIVITY

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Raini, Vesterinen, and Flyktman Martti. "Organic emissions from co-combustion of RDF with wood chips and milled peat in a bubbling fluidized bed boiler." Chemosphere 32, no. 4 (February 1996): 681–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0045-6535(95)00343-6.

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Koukouzas, N., J. Hämäläinen, D. Papanikolaou, A. Tourunen, and T. Jäntti. "MINERALOGICAL AND CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF CFB FLY ASH DERIVED FROM CO-COMBUSTION OF XYLITE AND BIOMASS." Bulletin of the Geological Society of Greece 40, no. 2 (January 1, 2007): 859. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/bgsg.16733.

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The chemical and mineralogical composition of fly ash samples collected from different parts of two Circulating Fluidised Bed (CFB) facilities has been investigated. The fuels used, were Greek xylite/suhbituminous coal (from the Fiorina basin), Polish coal (from the Catowice region - Poland) and wood chips (Swedish conifer). The characterisation of the fly ash samples included chemical analyses, particle size distribution and X-ray diffraction. According to the chemical analyses the produced fly ashes are rich in CaO. Moreover, S1O2 is the dominant oxide in fly ash with Al203 and Fe2Oi found in considerable quantities. Finally, results obtained by XRD showed that the major mineral phase of fly ash is quartz, while other mineral phases that are occurred are maghemite, hematite, periclase, rutile, gehlenite and anhydrite, while the aforementioned mineral phases were identified by scanning electron microscope (SEM).

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Borges, Ane Caroline Pereira, Jude Azubuike Onwudili, Heloysa Andrade, Carine Alves, Andrew Ingram, Silvio Vieira de Melo, and Ednildo Torres. "Catalytic Properties and Recycling of NiFe2O4 Catalyst for Hydrogen Production by Supercritical Water Gasification of Eucalyptus Wood Chips." Energies 13, no. 17 (September 2, 2020): 4553. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13174553.

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Nickel iron oxide (NiFe2O4) catalyst was prepared by the combustion reaction method and characterized by XRD, N2 adsorption/desorption, thermogravimetric analysis (TG), and temperature programmed reduction (TPR). The catalyst presented a mixture of oxides, including the NiFe2O4 spinel and specific surface area of 32.4 m2 g−1. The effect of NiFe2O4 catalyst on the supercritical water gasification (SCWG) of eucalyptus wood chips was studied in a batch reactor at 450 and 500 °C without catalyst and with 1.0 g and 2.0 g of catalyst and 2.0 g of biomass for 60 min. In addition, the recyclability of the catalyst under the operating conditions was also tested using recovered and recalcined catalysts over three reaction cycles. The highest amount of H2 was 25 mol% obtained at 450 °C, using 2 g of NiFe2O4 catalyst. The H2 mol% was enhanced by 45% when compared to the non-catalytic test, showing the catalytic activity of NiFe2O4 catalyst in the WGS and the steam reforming reactions. After the third reaction cycle, the results of XRD demonstrated formation of coke which caused the deactivation of the NiFe2O4 and consequently, a 13.6% reduction in H2 mol% and a 5.6% reduction in biomass conversion.

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Lyngfelt, A., and B. Leckner. "Combustion of wood-chips in circulating fluidized bed boilers — NO and CO emissions as functions of temperature and air-staging." Fuel 78, no. 9 (July 1999): 1065–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0016-2361(99)00006-x.

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Patronelli, Stefania, Marco Antonelli, Leonardo Tognotti, and Chiara Galletti. "Combustion of wood-chips in a small-scale fixed-bed boiler: Validation of the numerical model through in-flame measurements." Fuel 221 (June 2018): 128–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2018.02.083.

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Arif, Ali Talib, Christoph Maschowski, Patxi Garra, Manuel Garcia-Käufer, Tatiana Petithory, Gwenaëlle Trouvé, Alain Dieterlen, et al. "Cytotoxic and genotoxic responses of human lung cells to combustion smoke particles of Miscanthus straw, softwood and beech wood chips." Atmospheric Environment 163 (August 2017): 138–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2017.05.019.

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Maj, Izabella, and Piotr Ostrowski. "Recommendations for the process of biomass and waste gasification in a rotary reactor." E3S Web of Conferences 82 (2019): 01010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20198201010.

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The paper presents a technology for biomass and waste gasification/pyrolysis with use of flue gas as a converting agent. This technology includes a rotary reactor that operates continuously and is integrated with a power boiler, for example WR-25 type grate boiler. Process gas (syngas) as well as possible char being a result of the process are combustible and can be recirculated to the boiler’s combustion chamber. The paper presents laboratory research of selected biomass and waste: Refuse derived fuel (RDF), wood chips, nut shells, sewage sludge, coal sludge, mixture of 50% coal sludge with 50% RDF. Basing on the laboratory research a calculation procedure was developed to determine an industrial-size process parameters. The procedure allows to calculate how much fuel can be gasified/converted in a rotary reactor and the reactor’s dimension: inner diameter Dwr and length Lr.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Combustion of wood chips'

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