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Journal articles on the topic 'Combustion stoichiometry'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 5 February 2022

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1

Alexander, M. Dale. "Combustion of hydrocarbons: A stoichiometry demonstration." Journal of Chemical Education 70, no. 4 (1993): 327. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ed070p327.2.

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2

Wu, X., K. Li, and D. Jiang. "Investigation of air-fuel ratio control using ionic current signal." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 221, no. 9 (2007): 1139–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/09544070jauto359.

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The objective of this paper is to investigate the control of air-fuel ratio (AFR) using an ionic current signal. Experimental measurements have been carried out to study the characteristics of the ionic current signal near ignition poles in a constant-volume combustion bomb. The ionic signal is characterized by a front flame and post flame during combustion. The intensity of the ionic signal strongly depends on the AFR at the time of combustion. The maximum values in both the front flame and the post flame will occur at close to the stoichiometric value. Furthermore, minimum values of the dura

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3

Phakut, Athiti, Thiranan Kunanopparat, and Suwit Siriwattanayotin. "Effect of Excess Air Levels on PAHs Content in Smoke During Charcoal Combustion in Grilling Process." Journal of Food Engineering and Technology 9, no. 2 (2020): 83–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.32732/jfet.2020.9.2.83.

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Charcoal grilling may lead to carcinogenic PAHs contamination of grilled food from incomplete combustion of charcoal. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of complete combustion of charcoal on PAHs content in smoke during the grilling process. Firstly, proximate and ultimate compositions of the charcoal were determined to identify the amount of air required for combustion according to stoichiometry. Different excess air levels consisting of stoichiometric air, 60, 100 and 150% excess air during combustion of charcoal on 16 PAHs released in smoke were studied. Moreover, CO an

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4

Jackson, M. D., and A. K. Agrawal. "Active Control of Combustion for Optimal Performance." Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 121, no. 3 (1999): 437–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2818492.

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Combustion-zone stoichiometry and fuel-air premixing were actively controlled to optimize the combustor performance over a range of operating conditions. The objective was to maximize the combustion temperature, while maintaining NOx within a specified limit. The combustion system consisted of a premixer located coaxially near the inlet of a water-cooled shroud. The equivalence ratio was controlled by a variable-speed suction fan located downstream. The split between the premixing air and diffusion air was governed by the distance between the premixer and shroud. The combustor performance was

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5

Sturgess, G. J., R. G. McKinney, and S. A. Morford. "Modification of Combustor Stoichiometry Distribution for Reduced NOx Emission From Aircraft Engines." Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 115, no. 3 (1993): 570–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2906745.

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Measurements of the emissions from an experimental engine were analyzed to construct a design chart for the reduction of oxides of nitrogen (NOx) in conventional combustors. The design chart was used to reconfigure the stoichiometry distribution of the combustor of a production engine so as to reduce NOx while holding the emissions of carbon monoxide, unburned hydrocarbons, and smoke well below existing regulations. Combustion section pressure loss and combustor outlet temperature distributions were substantially unchanged. The modified design was refined with the aid of computational fluid dy

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Rizk, N. K., J. S. Chin, A. W. Marshall, and M. K. Razdan. "Predictions of NOx Formation Under Combined Droplet and Partially Premixed Reaction of Diffusion Flame Combustors." Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 124, no. 1 (1999): 31–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1391280.

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A methodology is presented in this paper on the modeling of NOx formation in diffusion flame combustors where both droplet burning and partially premixed reaction proceed simultaneously. The model simulates various combustion zones with an arrangement of reactors that are coupled with a detailed chemical reaction scheme. In this model, the primary zone of the combustor comprises a reactor representing contribution from droplet burning under stoichiometric conditions and a mixing reactor that provides additional air or fuel to the primary zone. The additional flow allows forming a fuel vapor/ai

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7

Bondi, S., and W. P. Jones. "A combustion model for premixed flames with varying stoichiometry." Proceedings of the Combustion Institute 29, no. 2 (2002): 2123–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1540-7489(02)80258-9.

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8

Sarjono, Sarjono. "Kaji Eksperimen Terhadap Penggunaan Bahan Bakar Emulsi Pada Burner." Jurnal Teknik Mesin 14, no. 1 (2021): 47–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.30630/jtm.14.1.531.

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The purpose of this study was to observe the combustion of diesel fuel combined with the percentage volume of water and emulsifier, namely alkyl benzene sulfonic acid (ABS). The emulsion fuel composition used in this experimental study is a mixture of diesel fuel, emulsion and water. The composition of the emulsion fuel is designed according to the percentage of water volume and the emulsifier in diesel fuel with a variation of the percentage of 10%, 20%, and 30%. The parameters observed were combustion flame temperature, combustor annulus wall temperature, hot gas temperature, air fuel ratio

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9

Davis, Stephen M., and Nadir Yilmaz. "Thermochemical Analysis of Hypergolic Propellants Based on Triethylaluminum/Nitrous Oxide." International Journal of Aerospace Engineering 2014 (2014): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/269836.

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The vacuum specific impulse, density vacuum specific impulse, and solid exhaust products were examined for several propellant formulations based on the pyrophoric material triethylaluminum (TEA) using CEA thermodynamics code. Evaluation of TEA neat and mixed with hydrocarbon fuels with LOX, N2O, N2O4, liquefied air, and HNO3were performed at stoichiometry. The vacuum specific impulse of neat TEA with N2O is comparable to that of nitric acid with the same, but the N2O formulation will produce slightly less solid products during combustion. Additionally, N2O-TEA propellants have vacuum specific

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10

Romero, Carlos, Xianchang Li, Shahla Keyvan, and Rodney Rossow. "Spectrometer-based combustion monitoring for flame stoichiometry and temperature control." Applied Thermal Engineering 25, no. 5-6 (2005): 659–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2004.07.020.

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Silva, F. N., J. Dantas, A. S. Silva, E. M. J. A. Pallone, and A. C. F. M. Costa. "Calcination Influence on the Structure and Morphology of Zirconia Synthesized by Combustion Reaction." Materials Science Forum 775-776 (January 2014): 189–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.775-776.189.

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This research aims to synthesize ZrO2by combustion reaction in batches of 15 g of the product and to evaluate the calcination influence on the structural and morphological characteristic about synthesized sample. For the synthesis of ZrO2, the stoichiometry of phase was established in accordance with the propellants and explosives chemical concept, whereas the stoichiometric coefficient φ =1. After the synthesis, the sample as synthesized was calcined at 600 and 700°C and subsequently characterized by XRD, SEM, textural analysis (BET) and FTIR. The results have shown to the sample as synthesiz

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12

Park, C. W., and M. Kaviany. "Combustion-Thermoelectric Tube." Journal of Heat Transfer 122, no. 4 (2000): 721–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1318210.

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In direct combustion-thermoelectric energy conversion, direct fuel injection and reciprocation of the air flowing in a solid matrix are combined with the solid-gas interfacial heat transfer and the solid conduction to allow for obtaining superadiabatic temperatures at the hot junctions. While the solid conductivity is necessary, the relatively large thermal conductivity of the available high-temperature thermoelectric materials (e.g., Si–Ge alloys) results in a large conduction loss from the hot junctions and deteriorates the performance. Here, a combustion-thermoelectric tube is introduced an

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13

Coriton, Bruno, Jonathan H. Frank, and Alessandro Gomez. "Interaction of turbulent premixed flames with combustion products: Role of stoichiometry." Combustion and Flame 170 (August 2016): 37–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.combustflame.2016.04.020.

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14

Vedula, Ravi Teja, Ruitao Song, Thomas Stuecken, Guoming G. Zhu, and Harold Schock. "Thermal efficiency of a dual-mode turbulent jet ignition engine under lean and near-stoichiometric operation." International Journal of Engine Research 18, no. 10 (2017): 1055–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1468087417699979.

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Turbulent jet ignition is a combustion technology that can offer higher thermal efficiency compared to the homogeneous spark ignition engines. A potential combustion-related challenge with turbulent jet ignition is the pre-chamber misfiring due to improperly scavenged combustion residuals and maintaining the mixture composition there. Dual-mode turbulent jet ignition is a novel combustion technology developed to address the aforementioned issues. The dual-mode turbulent jet ignition is an engine combustion technology wherein an auxiliary air supply apart from an auxiliary fuel injection is pro

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15

Umyshev, D. R., A. M. Dostiyarov, S. B. Sadykova, I. Iliev, and A. M. Dostiyarova. "Numerical modeling of the combustion of pre-mixed fuel in micromodule burner." Technium: Romanian Journal of Applied Sciences and Technology 2, no. 1 (2020): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.47577/technium.v2i1.34.

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The article presents the results of numerical simulation for the combustion of pre-mixed fuel in micromodule. The study prerequisites, burner model and the initial modeling conditions are presented. It is shown that the burner has high environmental performance outside the stoichiometry zone. The dependences of temperatures on the coefficient of excess fuel are presented, which confirm the dependence of the concentration of nitrogen oxides on the excess fuel.The concluding section presents a formula for calculating the concentration of nitrogen oxides based on the temperature in the combustion

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16

SWAMINATHAN, N., G. XU, A. P. DOWLING, and R. BALACHANDRAN. "Heat release rate correlation and combustion noise in premixed flames." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 681 (June 29, 2011): 80–115. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2011.232.

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The sound emission from open turbulent flames is dictated by the two-point spatial correlation of the rate of change of the fluctuating heat release rate. This correlation in premixed flames can be represented well using Gaussian-type functions and unstrained laminar flame thermal thickness can be used to scale the correlation length scale, which is about a quarter of the planar laminar flame thermal thickness. This correlation and its length scale are observed to be less influenced by the fuel type or stoichiometry or turbulence Reynolds and Damkohler numbers. The time scale for fluctuating h

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17

Qin, Lin Jing, Feng Xiao Huang, Da Wei Jin, and Wei Li. "Combustion Synthesis Sintering of Ni-Al Powder Alloys." Advanced Materials Research 941-944 (June 2014): 108–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.941-944.108.

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According to the different reaction mode, the combustion synthesis sintering can be divided into two kinds of mode: the self-propagating by heating ignition such as laser (SHS, Self-propagating High-temperature Synthesis) and whole explosion in the vacuum furnace (TE, Thermal Explosion). In this experiment, the Ni-Al powder compact is synthesized completely to nickel aluminides by SHS and TE. The experimental parameters controlling the ignition step such as material parameter and adiabatic temperature were calculated as a function of initial stoichiometry. Al mole ratio in initial powder mixtu

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18

Lukáč, Ladislav, Ján Kizek, Gustáv Jablonský, and Yevgeniy Karakash. "Defining the Mathematical Dependencies of NOx and CO Emission Generation after Biomass Combustion in Low-Power Boiler." Civil and Environmental Engineering Reports 29, no. 3 (2019): 153–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ceer-2019-0031.

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Abstract The paper deals with the study of the influence of various factors, which have an impact on emissions such as NOx, CO, which have been verified by measurements. Biomass in the form of wood chips as fuel of different moisture content from 9% to 25% has been tested at various boiler outputs. The presented work also defines the mathematical dependencies of NOx and CO emission generation by using regression analysis from measured data after biomass combustion in low-power boilers. The paper also describes a mathematical model of biomass combustion. The mathematical model was created to ve

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19

Choi, Y., and Nam Ihn Cho. "Determination of Non-Stoichiometry of Tubular Titanium Carbide Formed by Self-Propagating High Temperature Synthesis." Materials Science Forum 534-536 (January 2007): 1301–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.534-536.1301.

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Titinium carbide (TiCx) was produced by self-propagating high temperature synthesis (SHS) method. The morphology and non-stoichiometric number of the SHS product were observed by scanning electron microscopy and neutron diffractometry, respectively. Tubular titanium carbide with hole inside was formed with different non-stoichiometric number (x), which value increased with combustion temperature.

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20

Kikin, P. Yu, V. N. Perevezentsev, E. N. Razov, and E. E. Rusin. "Thermochemical processes occurring in a titanium nitride coating under the effect of thermal laser pulses." Physics and Chemistry of Materials Treatment 1 (2021): 25–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.30791/0015-3214-2021-1-25-30.

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The thermochemical processes in a TiN coating deposited on a steel substrate under cyclic irradiation with laser pulses are investigated. It has been established that the combustion of the coating in the irradiated regions occurs spatially inhomogeneously due to the uneven distribution of microregions in the coating, consisting of titanium nitride compounds with different stoichiometry. It is shown that dissociation reactions of various titanium nitride compounds with the release of free nitrogen occur inside the coating. As a result, the ratio of the mass fractions of titanium nitride compoun

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21

Gholamisheeri, Masumeh, Shawn Givler, and Elisa Toulson. "Large eddy simulation of a homogeneously charged turbulent jet ignition system." International Journal of Engine Research 20, no. 2 (2017): 181–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1468087417742834.

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Transient jet ignition of a homogeneous methane air mixture in a turbulent jet ignition system is studied computationally using a large eddy simulation turbulence model. The jet discharges from a prechamber into a main combustion chamber via one or more orifice(s) and provides a distributed ignition source in turbulent jet ignition. The effect of orifice size and stoichiometry is studied numerically using the Converge computational fluid dynamics code. A reduced kinetic mechanism is used for combustion along with a Smagorinsky sub-model for turbulence modeling. The computed pressure traces are

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22

Mewa-Ngongang, Maxwell, Heinrich W. du Plessis, Seteno K. O. Ntwampe, et al. "Biological Stoichiometric Analysis during Substrate Utilization and Secondary Metabolite Production by Non-Saccharomyces Yeasts Using Grape Pomace Extract as Fermentation Medium." Fermentation 7, no. 2 (2021): 89. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fermentation7020089.

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The emerging interest in the search for alternatives to synthetic preservatives has led to various successful research studies exploring the use of yeasts as potential biological control agents and producers of biopreservatives. The findings that yeasts could be used as producers of biopreservatives lacked some engineering considerations regarding cost-effective process design for scale-up, although partial process optimization using renewable agro-waste has been achieved. This study investigated the biological stoichiometry and bioenergetic parameters during yeast growth and secondary metabol

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23

Margolis, Stephen B., and Sheridan C. Johnston. "Nonadiabaticity, stoichiometry and mass diffusion effects on supercritical combustion in a tubular reactor." Symposium (International) on Combustion 23, no. 1 (1991): 533–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0082-0784(06)80300-0.

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24

Fernández-Galisteo, Daniel, Adam Weiss, Antonio L. Sánchez, and Forman A. Williams. "A one-step reduced mechanism for near-limit hydrogen combustion with general stoichiometry." Combustion and Flame 208 (October 2019): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.combustflame.2019.06.018.

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25

De, Udayan, and V. S. Raghunathan. "Local cation non-stoichiometry in Y1Ba2Cu3O7−z from citrate combustion and conventional routes." Bulletin of Materials Science 14, no. 2 (1991): 381–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02747345.

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26

Liu, Yonghe, Sheng Yin, Zhimeng Guo, and Lai Hoyi. "Aluminum borate in the combustion synthesis of alumina/boride composite." Journal of Materials Research 13, no. 7 (1998): 1749–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.1998.0244.

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The formation mechanism of aluminum borate in the combustion synthesis of Al2O3/B4C composite with Al, B2O3, and C as starting materials is proposed. Based on the formation mechanism, several approaches taken to eliminate them are discussed. The unconverted B2O3 is the major cause of the formation of 9Al2O3 · 2B2O3 when the reaction proceeds in the SHS mode. The amount of 9Al2O3 · 2B2O3 formed is very sensitive to the excess B2O3 to the stoichiometry 4Al + 2B2O3 + C and influenced by the size of B2O3 powder. The high dispersion of the reactants is helpful in prompting the thermite reaction to

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Xiao, Yihong, Wanlu Zhu, Guohui Cai та ін. "Effects of A-site non-stoichiometry in YxInO3+δ on the catalytic performance during methane combustion". Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 19, № 45 (2017): 30418–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7cp06345h.

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A novel non-stoichiometric Y<sub>x</sub>InO<sub>3+δ</sub> (YIO-x, 0.8 ≤ x ≤ 1.04) perovskite catalyst with a large number of oxygen vacancies and high specific surface area was synthesized using glycine self-propagating gel combustion.

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Melzer, Daniel, Gerhard Mestl, Klaus Wanninger, Andreas Jentys, Maricruz Sanchez-Sanchez, and Johannes A. Lercher. "On the Promoting Effects of Te and Nb in the Activity and Selectivity of M1 MoV-Oxides for Ethane Oxidative Dehydrogenation." Topics in Catalysis 63, no. 19-20 (2020): 1754–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11244-020-01304-0.

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AbstractThe pathways of ethane oxidative dehydrogenation and total combustion have been elucidated for M1 phase type Mo–V oxide catalysts with different metal composition. The ethane oxidation mechanism is not affected by the presence of Te or Nb. Conversely, the selectivity is strongly affected by stoichiometry of M1 catalysts. This is attributed to the facile oxidation of ethene to COx upon formation of unselective VOx species in the absence of Te and Nb.

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29

Dutro, G. M., R. A. Yetter, G. A. Risha, and S. F. Son. "The effect of stoichiometry on the combustion behavior of a nanoscale Al/MoO3 thermite." Proceedings of the Combustion Institute 32, no. 2 (2009): 1921–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.proci.2008.07.028.

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30

Battye, D. L., and P. J. Ashman. "The stoichiometry and kinetics of carbon combustion at low temperature: A surface complex approach." Proceedings of the Combustion Institute 32, no. 2 (2009): 1981–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.proci.2008.07.033.

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31

Midkiff, K. C., R. A. Altenkirch, and R. E. Peck. "Stoichiometry and coal-type effects on homogeneous vs. Heterogeneous combustion in pulverized-coal flames." Combustion and Flame 64, no. 3 (1986): 253–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0010-2180(86)90144-6.

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Coriton, Bruno, Jonathan H. Frank, and Alessandro Gomez. "Effects of strain rate, turbulence, reactant stoichiometry and heat losses on the interaction of turbulent premixed flames with stoichiometric counterflowing combustion products." Combustion and Flame 160, no. 11 (2013): 2442–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.combustflame.2013.05.009.

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Hraiech, Ibtissem, Jean-Charles Sautet, Sébastien Yon, and Abdallah Mhimid. "Combustion of hythane diluted with CO2." Thermal Science 19, no. 1 (2015): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci120119100h.

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With increasing concern about energy shortage and environmental protection, improving engine fuel economy and reducing exhaust emissions have become major research topics in combustion and engine development. Hythane (a blend of hydrogen H2 and natural gas NG) has generated a significant interest as an alternative fuel for the future. This paper describes an experimental study of the effects of CO2 addition on the stability of a turbulent jet diffusion NG-H2 flame. The mole fraction of hydrogen (% H2) in NG-H2 mixture was varied from 0% to 50%. The equivalence ratio of the hythane/CO2/air mixt

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34

Shen, Qiuwan, Shian Li, Guogang Yang, Bengt Sunden та Jinliang Yuan. "Effect of A-/B-site Doping on Oxygen Non-Stoichiometry, Structure characteristics, and O2 Releasing Behavior of La1−xCaxCo1−yFeyO3−δ Perovskites". Energies 12, № 3 (2019): 410. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12030410.

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Oxy-fuel combustion is one of the proposed technologies with the potential to achieve zero CO2 emission. La1−xCaxCo1−yFeyO3−δ (LCCF) perovskites are promising materials with high selectively for oxygen. In this study, the oxygen non-stoichiometry of perovskites LCCF was investigated by means of iodometric titration. LCCF was prepared using the liquid citrate method, and the phase structures were identified by X-ray diffraction. Fixed-bed experiments were performed to study the oxygen desorption performance of LCCF. The oxygen deficiency of LCCF increased with increasing Ca molar content of A s

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35

Li, Wen Yan, Qiu Luan Chen, and Teng Ge Mi. "Density Functional Theory Study of Interaction between CO and Oxygen Carrier Fe₂O₃@SBA-15." Advanced Materials Research 610-613 (December 2012): 498–501. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.610-613.498.

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Fe2O3@SBA-15 oxygen carrier models were built to investigate the reaction stoichiometry mechanism between the fuel gas CO and oxygen carrier Fe2O3in chemical-looping combustion system. The binding energy of CO adsorption on Fe2O3@ SBA-15 is -0.402 eV, and the atomic structures, electronic proper of the CO/Fe2O3@SBA were also analyzed. The calculation results for the oxidation CO have an important understanding of the process of scientific significance, which will promote the fundamental understanding and applications of the oxygen carrier Fe2O3.

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Mohamad, Taib Iskandar, and How Heoy Geok. "Combustion Characteristics of Compressed Natural Gas in a Direct Microchannel-Injection Engine under Various Operating Conditions." Applied Mechanics and Materials 315 (April 2013): 793–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.315.793.

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The combustion characteristics of compressed natural gas (CNG) in a direct microchannel-injection engine under various operating conditions were investigated. In this study, a novel idea for direct CNG microchannel injection was realized with spark plug fuel injector (SPFI). It is a device developed to convert engine to CNG direct injection (DI) operation with minimal cost and technical simplicity. It was installed and tested on a Ricardo E6 single cylinder engine with compression ratio of 10.5:1 without modification on the original engine structure. The engine test was carried out under vario

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Blouquin, R., G. Joulin, and Y. Merhari. "Combustion regimes of particle-laden gaseous flames: influences of radiation, molecular transports, kinetic-quenching, stoichiometry." Combustion Theory and Modelling 1, no. 2 (1997): 217–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/713665286.

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38

Starley, G. P., F. W. Bradshaw, C. S. Carrel, D. W. Pershing, and G. B. Martin. "The influence of bed-region stoichiometry on nitric oxide formation in fixed-bed coal combustion." Combustion and Flame 59, no. 2 (1985): 197–211. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0010-2180(85)90025-2.

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Rossetti, Ilenia, Cesare Biffi, and Lucio Forni. "Oxygen non-stoichiometry in perovskitic catalysts: Impact on activity for the flameless combustion of methane." Chemical Engineering Journal 162, no. 2 (2010): 768–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2010.06.003.

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Doppiu, S., M. Monagheddu, G. Cocco, F. Maglia, U. Anselmi-Tamburini, and Z. A. Munir. "Mechanochemistry of the titanium–silicon system: Compositional effects." Journal of Materials Research 16, no. 5 (2001): 1266–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2001.0178.

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The mechanochemical behavior of the Ti–Si system was investigated across the whole composition range at a constant milling intensity. At low Si content the mechanical alloying process leads progressively to an amorphous structure. In the central range of the equilibrium diagram, crystalline intermetallic compounds form with a combustion-like behavior. A nanostructured composite of TiSi2 gradually evolves above the Ti25Si75 stoichiometry. Transformation behaviors relate to the thermodynamic and thermochemical properties of the tested mixtures as well as with their mechanical features and struct

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41

Yarmolchick, Yu Р., R. Schröger, H. Haberfelner, M. Pichler, D. Kostić, and G. V. Moroz. "Combined Combustion of Various Industrial Waste Flows in Boiler Furnaces. Part 1." ENERGETIKA. Proceedings of CIS higher education institutions and power engineering associations 63, no. 3 (2020): 236–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.21122/1029-7448-2020-63-3-236-252.

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Direct flaring of industrial waste flows specifically in the combustion chambers of heat generating plants makes it possible to significantly reduce the loss of thermal energy, as well as the capital costs of equipping thermal units without using of preliminary furnaces. However, given the increasingly strict environmental standards for the burning of various fuels, it seems important to determine the optimal combustion conditions depending on the composition of the waste products. The article shows that only a complex solution can be a successful solution to the problem of organizing high-qua

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Shanmugaraj, M., J. Vishal, and G. Rahul. "Analysis of Oxygen Enriched Combustion Technology in a Single Cylinder DI Diesel Engine." Applied Mechanics and Materials 592-594 (July 2014): 1433–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.592-594.1433.

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The effects of Oxygen Enriched Combustion Technology in a single cylinder DI Diesel engine based on performance tests and analysis using Data Acquisition System has been studied in this thesis. This experiment involves the use of zeolite 13X molecular sieves to adsorb nitrogen from air. Pressure Swing Adsorption method is used for controlling the adsorbing and regeneration cycles of Zeolite 13X. It is a compact apparatus which is safe and feasible to fit in CI engine driven automobile. Increasing the oxygen content in the air leads to faster burn rates and increases the combustibility at the s

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Maglia, F., U. Anselmi-Tamburini, N. Bertolino, C. Milanese, and Z. A. Munir. "Field-activated combustion synthesis of Ta–Si intermetallic compounds." Journal of Materials Research 16, no. 2 (2001): 534–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2001.0077.

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The synthesis of silicides of tantalum (TaSi2, Ta5Si3, Ta2Si, and Ta3Si) by field-activated combustion synthesis was investigated. The phases TaSi2, Ta5Si3, and Ta2Si can be synthesized in relatively pure form through field activation. The first compound requires a threshold field of 6 V cm−1 to initiate a combustion wave. The second and third compounds can be synthesized with all field values (0 < E < 20 V cm−1), but require considerable ignition time when E = 0. The stoichiometry Ta3Si does not sustain a combusion front unless E ≥ 20 V cm−1. However, the product is not the desired sing

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Bradna, J., and J. Malaťák. "By-products from methyl ester oil production and their thermal-emission properties." Research in Agricultural Engineering 54, No. 1 (2008): 9–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/707-rae.

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With the exhaustion of fossil energy sources in sight, the importance of the renewable sources of energy becomes one of the major conditions for permanently sustainable development not only in agriculture, but also in the society as a whole. The growing use of biodiesel has opened other areas of utilising the by-products from the manufacture of rape seed oil methyl ester (FARME) as an energy source, used in the combustion equipment designed for these alternative fuels. The aim of this paper is to assess the feasibility of utilising the by-products from the production of rape seed methyl ester

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Sutka, A. "The Role of Stoichiometry on Gas Response of Nanostructured Sol–Gel Auto Combustion Derived Nickel Ferrite." Sensor Letters 11, no. 10 (2013): 2010–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/sl.2013.3049.

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Larson, E. M., Joe Wong, J. B. Holt, P. A. Waide, and B. Rupp. "The combustion synthesis of the ferroelectric material, BaTiO3, studied by time-resolved X-ray diffraction." Powder Diffraction 14, no. 2 (1999): 111–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0885715600010381.

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The combustion synthesis of the common ferroelectric material, BaTiO3, was developed using the stoichiometry: BaO2+0.2 Ti+0.8 TiO2→BaTiO3+0.3 O2. An adiabatic temperature, Tad, of the reaction was calculated from known thermodynamic data to be 1917 °C. Real time chemical changes in the formation of BaTiO3 during the reaction have been monitored using time-resolved X-ray diffraction with synchrotron radiation as the X-ray source. A time resolution of 250 ms was achieved. The combustion synthesis of BaTiO3 was followed by observing the intensities of reactant and product Bragg diffraction peaks

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Silva, Adriano Santana, Joelda Dantas, J. R. D. Santos, R. B. L. Cunha, R. H. G. A. Kiminami, and A. C. F. M. Costa. "Synthesis, Characterization and Catalytic Performance of Nanoferrites Subjected to the Esterification Reaction." Materials Science Forum 775-776 (January 2014): 421–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.775-776.421.

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Ni0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4, Mn0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4and Ni0.2Cu0.3Zn0.5Fe2O4nanoferrites were synthesized, characterized and evaluated in terms of their performance as catalysts in the methyl esterification reaction of soybean oil. The nanoferrites were synthesized by combustion and characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). The XRD patterns show the presence of inverse spinel B(AB)2O4phase. The EDX results confirmed the stoichiometry of the nanoferrite systems, whose morphology consisted of large block-like agglomerates with a brit

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ZOU, Binglin, Shenbao JIN, Ping SHEN, and Qichuan JIANG. "Effect of reactant C/Ti ratio on the stoichiometry of Combustion-synthesized TiCx in Ti-C system." Journal of the Ceramic Society of Japan 117, no. 1364 (2009): 525–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.2109/jcersj2.117.525.

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Frikha, Kawthar, Simona Bennici, Jamel Bouaziz, Kamel Chaari, and Lionel Limousy. "Influence of the Fuel/Oxidant Ratio on the Elaboration of Binary Oxide Catalyst by a Microwave-Assisted Solution Combustion Method." Energies 13, no. 12 (2020): 3126. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13123126.

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Three series of binary metal oxide catalysts containing Ni, Cu, or Co oxides were prepared, fully characterized and tested in CO oxidation. The catalysts, with a constant transition metal loading of 10 wt%, were prepared from metal nitrates and urea mixtures by a microwave-assisted solution combustion method. The RV/OV ratio, corresponding to the stoichiometry of the reactants, calculated from their elemental oxidizing and reducing valences, was varied. In order to modify the redox character of the synthesis medium from the quantity of urea; an excess of urea was used for attaining reducing co

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Caton, Jerald A. "Maximum efficiencies for internal combustion engines: Thermodynamic limitations." International Journal of Engine Research 19, no. 10 (2017): 1005–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1468087417737700.

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The thermodynamic limitation for the maximum efficiencies of internal combustion engines is an important consideration for the design and development of future engines. Knowing these limits helps direct resources to those areas with the most potential for improvements. Using an engine cycle simulation which includes the first and second laws of thermodynamics, this study has determined the fundamental thermodynamics that are responsible for these limits. This work has considered an automotive engine and has quantified the maximum efficiencies starting with the most ideal conditions. These idea

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