To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Come (The English word).
Journal articles on the topic 'Come (The English word)'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 journal articles for your research on the topic 'Come (The English word).'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse journal articles on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Safotso, Gilbert Tagne. "Neologisms and Cameroonisms in Cameroon English and Cameroon Francophone English." Theory and Practice in Language Studies 10, no. 10 (2020): 1210. http://dx.doi.org/10.17507/tpls.1010.04.
Full textAbstract:
Language learning/use is a very delicate task. When a learner/user of a given language is confronted with a difficulty, he/she is forced to create to communicate. This can be observed in most New Englishes. Those varieties of English abound in neologisms and local languages items. From an interlanguage frame, this study looks at some neologisms and Cameroonisms in Cameroon English (CamE) / Cameroon Francophone English (CamFE). The data come from debates on national radio stations and TV channels, conversations among students and university lecturers on university campuses across Cameroon, casual encounters such as public gatherings or during journeys, and from students’ essays. The findings show that, in CamE, most neologisms come from Pidgin English or French while Cameroonisms come from local languages, the inflection of some English words and skilful combination of some English structures. In CamFE, most neologisms come from French and Cameroonisms from home languages and code mixing.
2
Siegel, Jeff. "The role of substrate transfer in the development of grammatical morphology in language contact varieties." Word Structure 8, no. 2 (2015): 160–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/word.2015.0080.
Full textAbstract:
This article shows how the psycholinguistic process of language transfer accounts for the many features of the grammatical morphology of language contact varieties that differ from those of their lexifiers. These include different grammatical categories, the use of contrasting morphological processes to express grammatical distinctions, lexifier grammatical morphemes with new functions, and new grammatical morphemes not found in the lexifier. After an introductory description of the general notion of language transfer, it presents five more specific types: transfer of morphological strategies, word order and grammatical categories, as well as direct morphological transfer and functional transfer. The article then gives some possible explanations for the distribution among different types of contact varieties of two kinds of functional transfer – functionalisation and refunctionalisation – and for the distribution of particular types of grammatical morphemes – i.e. free versus bound. The examples presented come from contact languages of the Australia-Pacific region: three creoles (Australian Kriol, Hawai‘i Creole and Tayo); an expanded pidgin (Melanesian Pidgin, exemplified by Vanuatu Bislama and Papua New Guinea Tok Pisin); a restricted pidgin (Nauru Pidgin); and an indigenised variety of English (Colloquial Singapore English).
3
Moody, Andrew. "Macau English: status, functions and forms." English Today 24, no. 3 (2008): 3–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266078408000242.
Full textAbstract:
ABSTRACTThe sociolinguistics of a small community of English users. A journalist for a local Macau English-language newspaper recently wrote to me and several other friends and asked us to describe Macau with one word. Many words came to mind: historic, multicultural, casinos, growth, etc.; but the word I chose to suggest does not necessarily come to mind until one has lived here, small. Indeed, Macau is a very small community. At the end of September 2007, the resident population was 531,400 and the territory occupied 28.6 sq km, although the largest concentration of population lives within the 9.3 sq km area of “Peninsular Macau” (DSEC, Macao, 2008). In terms of both population and land mass, then, Macau is a very small community, and this fact has influenced the status, functions and forms of English within the territory.
4
Salmani-Nodoushan, Mohammad Ali. "Morphological Make-up as the Predictor of English Word Accent." TESL Canada Journal 26, no. 2 (2009): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.18806/tesl.v26i2.412.
Full textAbstract:
For years, phoneticians have tried to simplify pronunciation for EFL/ESL learners. Some have identified four degrees of primary, secondary, tertiary, and weak stress, and others only three degrees: primary, secondary, and weak. Still others have concentrated on two stress levels: accented versus unaccented, or stressed versus unstressed (Bowen, 1975; Stageberg, 1964; Chomsky & Halle, 1968). None, however, has followed an orthography-based approach to English accent. Because orthography is the most static way of representing words in English, spelling- or orthography-based rules of accent/stress placement may come as a relief to ESL/EFL learners. In this article I present four spelling-based rules for stress placement to help EFL/ESL learners master pronunciation.
5
Lim, Lisa. "Revisiting English prosody." English World-Wide 30, no. 2 (2009): 218–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/eww.30.2.06lim.
Full textAbstract:
Many New Englishes are spoken in what can often be considered multilingual contexts in which typologically diverse languages come into contact. In several Asian contexts, one typological feature that is prominent in the multilingual contact situation (the “ecology”) is tone. Given that tone is recognized as an areal feature and is acquired easily by languages in contact, the question that arises is how this is manifested in the prosody of these New Englishes. Recent work has shown that contact languages, including English varieties, evolving in an ecology where tone languages are present do indeed combine aspects of tone languages. This paper attempts to go a step further, in suggesting not only that such varieties should not be viewed as aberrant in comparison to “standard” English but recognized as having their own prosodic system partly due to substrate typology, but also that in the consideration of New Englishes — here, Asian (but also African) Englishes — the traditional view of English as a stress / intonation language need to be revisited and revised, to consider some New Englishes as tone languages. Singapore English (SgE) is presented as a case in point, with the presence of tone demonstrated in the set of SgE particles acquired from Cantonese, at the level of the word, as well as in the intonation contour which moves in a series of level steps. A comparison is then made with Hong Kong English, another New English in a tone-language-dominant ecology, with a consideration of typological comparability as well as difference due to the dynamic nature of SgE’s ecology.
6
Sargsyan, Mariana. "The Problem of Mutual Understanding across Regional Varieties of English." Armenian Folia Anglistika 8, no. 1-2 (10) (2012): 114–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.46991/afa/2012.8.1-2.114.
Full textAbstract:
Recently, linguists have been concerned about the fact that the regional varieties of English are gradually drifting apart from each other. There will come a time when English speakers will have to turn to translators for making communication over everyday topics possible. The article aims to illustrate certain peculiarities observed in the word stock of the regional varieties of English in terms of the development of word meaning. The analysis of the factual material reveals that they are largely conditioned by the certain culture belonging of the given nation.
7
Ladwa, Russ. "Oh, what a safari." Bulletin of the Royal College of Surgeons of England 94, no. 7 (2012): 240. http://dx.doi.org/10.1308/147363512x13311314197770.
Full textAbstract:
The word 'safari' has come into English from the Swahili word meaning 'journey'. I wish to share with you my own amazing journey from a small farming town in the riftValley (Nakuru, the town famous for its pink flamingos) in Kenya to Lincoln's Inn fields in London.
8
Li, Ping. "Spoken Word Recognition of Code-Switched Words by Chinese–English Bilinguals." Journal of Memory and Language 35, no. 6 (1996): 757–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jmla.1996.0039.
Full text
9
Yusuf, Gina Lora. "Analysis of The English Closed Compound Words." Jurnal Ilmiah Langue and Parole 1, no. 1 (2017): 14–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.36057/jilp.v1i1.3.
Full textAbstract:

 
 Compound Words is a part of elements that finding in morphology. Morphology is learning about morpheme and morpheme is the element of language that have meaning and also support the meaning. The morphology will involve two element, they are free element and not free element. The problem in this research is analyzing compound words that find in Jakarta Post. Compound words that describe in this research is closed compound words.
 This research is kind of linguistic. This research also use descriptive qualitative method. The method of this research is the method that describe the word, sentences and paragraph which take from the source data with describe the meaning of the data. Beside that, this research also use library research. The library research just talk about the data that already prepare by the analyze data that have been get from the source data by using basic theories that support this research. In this research, the researcher take the source data from one edition of Jakarta Post Newspaper. All of data that needed come from that source.
 The first step that use by the researcher is collecting the basic data which take from the source data. After that the basic data will be collecting, so the researcher will be grouping the data based on the type. Based on the limitation problem of this research just analyze four problems, so analyzing the data just describe four problems. The first problem is the form of compound words are combining that find in Jakarta Post Newspaper. The second problem is what is the meaning of compound word before and after combination. The third is the syntactic function of compound words that has been combined. And the last is the rule that have in compound words.
 Based on the research, the researcher find the unique of the word that appear from the compound words. among if one word combine with another word so the word have a different meaning. There are some meaning still follow the basic meaning and also there are some meaning make a new meaning and doesn’t describe the two words. the unique take from the form data, the function and also the rule that have in the words. Based on this research, the researcher understand about the compound words.
10
Hamzai, Jeta. "Context Based and Non-Context Based Interpretation of English Compounds in Legal Discourse-A Case Study with ESP Law Students." SEEU Review 16, no. 1 (2021): 66–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/seeur-2021-0005.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Due to new innovations and changes, every language needs new words simply because there is a need for new words to name new things. It is a common occurrence for a speaker to use some words in a way that has never been used before in order to communicate directly about certain facts or ideas. When new inventions and changes come into people’s lives, there is a need to name them and talk about them. If a new word is used by many speakers of the language, it will probably survive, and the same word will one day become an everyday word and enter the vocabulary of a language. This paper looks at compounding as one of the most productive word formation process in English. The term compounding refers to a process in which two or more lexemes are combined into one new word. When a word is formed by merging two or more words, each of which can be used separately, it is called a compound word. The term “word formation” has no universally accepted use. Word formation is sometimes defined as a process associated with changing the form of a word, for example, affixation, which is, in fact, the subject of morphology. In a broader sense, word formation covers the processes of creating new lexical items. In English, word formation is of great importance because this phenomenon affects the English dictionary, which in addition to borrowing from various other languages is enriched in this way. The aim of this paper was to investigate the context based vs. non-context interpretation of English compounds by EFL students in legal discourse. The findings from the test run-questionnaire showed that students of English as a foreign language found it more difficult to apply compound words in context rather than choosing an appropriate definition for them, with or without a given context. Furthermore, students scored lower when 50% of the compounds were given in context.
11
d’Aspremont, Jean. "“Effectivity” in International Law: Self-Empowerment against Epistemological Claustrophobia." AJIL Unbound 108 (2014): 103–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2398772300001963.
Full textAbstract:
When we think of “effectivity,” we usually come to think of a pragmatic and factual construction. The idea of effectivity, however, is anything but concrete and raises a variety of questions of legal theory, legal philosophy, epistemology, and theory of knowledge. It should also be highlighted that from a linguistic standpoint the word effectivity does not exist in British English. The attachment of the International Court of Justice to her Majesty’s English explains that the World Court uses the French word (effectivité) when it seeks to refer to effectivity. These linguistic debates, however, matter less than the semantics and especially less than the consensus that effectivity ought to be opposed to “effectiveness.”
12
Marshall, Chloë R. "Word production errors in children with developmental language impairments." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 369, no. 1634 (2014): 20120389. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2012.0389.
Full textAbstract:
This review focuses on the errors that children with developmental language impairments make on three types of word production tasks: lexical retrieval, the elicitation of derivationally complex forms and the repetition of non-sense forms. The studies discussed in this review come principally from children with specific language impairment, and from children who are English-speakers or deaf users of British sign language. It is argued that models of word production need to be able to account for the data presented here, and need to have explanatory power across both modalities (i.e. speech and sign).
13
Syarfuni. "ERROR ANALYSIS OF THE WRITTEN ENGLISH ESSAY AT THE THIRD SEMESTER OF ENGLISH DEPARTEMENT." Visipena Journal 4, no. 1 (2013): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.46244/visipena.v4i1.117.
Full textAbstract:
This study examiners error in a corpus 25 essay written by 25 participant. The participants are the third semester of who are studying at the English department; 4 male and 21 females. The have experienced approximately for one semester in subject writing. All participants are come form non-English education background and hardly communicate in English out the college. The instruments used for this study was participants’ written essay. All of error in the essays were identified and classified into various categorizations. The result of the study show that six common errors committed by the participants were singular/plural form, verb tense, word choice, preposition, subject-verb agreement and word order. These aspects of writing in English pose the most difficult problems to participants. This study has shed light on the manner in which students internalize the rules of the target language, which is English. Such an insight into language learning problems is useful to teachers because it provides information on common trouble-spots in language learning which can be used in the preparation of effective teaching materials.
14
Cahayany, Indah Dwi. "English Code-Switching in Indonesian Magazine Articles." Journal of English Language Teaching and Cultural Studies 2, no. 1 (2019): 73–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.48181/jelts.v2i1.7748.
Full textAbstract:
The objective of this research was to analyze English code-switching in indonesian magazine articles. It was to to identify the types of the English-Indonesian code-switching in Gadis magazine no. 04 April 2017. The researcher used qualitative research. This main article consists of 10 subtopic articles. The writer collected the data by reading the Gadis magazine and underlined the English code-switching happened in the writing of the articles. The types of code-switching occured were inter-sentional switching accounted for 13% and intra-sententional switching accounted for 87%. The code-switching occured in the boundary of words, sentences, and combination of Indonesian word and English word in a sigle word. The conclusion of this research was code-switching is accepted by Indonesian people in society to convey their ideas or meaning or in this case, to attract readers.
15
Haman, Ewa, Andrea Zevenbergen, Melissa Andrus, and Marta Chmielewska. "Coining Compounds and Derivations - A Crosslinguistic Elicitation Study of Word-Formation Abilities of Preschool Children and Adults in Polish and English." Polish Psychological Bulletin 40, no. 4 (2009): 176–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/s10059-009-0013-3.
Full textAbstract:
Coining Compounds and Derivations - A Crosslinguistic Elicitation Study of Word-Formation Abilities of Preschool Children and Adults in Polish and English This paper examines word-formation abilities in coining compounds and derivatives in preschool children and adult speakers of two languages (English and Polish) differing in overall word-formation productivity and in favoring of particular word-formation patterns (compounding vs. derivation). An elicitation picture naming task was designed to assess these abilities across a range of word-formation categories. Adult speakers demonstrated well-developed word-formation skills in patterns both typical and non-typical for their native language. In contrast with adult results, preschool children predominantly coined innovations conforming to the general pattern of their language: Polish children favoring derivation and American children favoring compounding. The results show that although children are improving their wordformation skills during the preschool years, they need much more experience to come to the mature proficiency in using the variety of word-formation patterns available in their language.
16
Hadei, Marzieh. "Single Word Insertions as Code-Switching or Established Borrowing?" International Journal of Linguistics 8, no. 1 (2016): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/ijl.v8i1.8899.
Full textAbstract:
<p class="1"><span lang="X-NONE">The present study aims to show whether or not English single word insertions in Persian can be considered as code-switching or established borrowing. A mixed method design is chosen for the study. Data for the present study were collected from 12 Persian-English bilingual speakers in different tape-recorded spontaneous conversations. The findings of the study revealed that English single word insertions cannot be considered as established borrowing for several reasons: a) They are not integrated phonologically into the Persian frame b) They behave similarly to phrasal insertions with different Persian markers c) They are not fixed in the mental lexicon of the bilingual Persian-English speakers and are used without any awareness and d) English verbs cannot integrate into the Persian frame- neither morphologically nor syntactically. <span>Overall, the present study agrees with Myers-Scotton’s (2002) </span>that borrowing arises originally as code-switching, and borrowed forms and code-switched forms tend to fall across a continuum.</span></p>
17
Howse, Hugh. "Teaching English to the World." English Today 1, no. 2 (1985): 13–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266078400000080.
Full textAbstract:
Teaching English as a foreign or second language is big business these days. The British Broadcasting Corporation is in the forefront, teaching English to millions throughout the world. Its English by Radio and Television Department is almost literally ‘the world's largest English-teaching classroom’. How has this come about, and what do its courses look and sound like?
18
Hamiedi, M.A., Instructor Ya'arub Mahmood. "Contextualisation of Academic Terminology Collocations." ALUSTATH JOURNAL FOR HUMAN AND SOCIAL SCIENCES 223, no. 1 (2017): 65–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.36473/ujhss.v223i1.314.
Full textAbstract:
This paper investigates the significant role of ' context' in the clarification and explication of words in English. It also sheds light on the linguistic environment within which the word operates, i- e- the collocates that occur in concomitance with this word .The research aims at exploring the formulation of words and vocables within the due context. This exploration, however, is conducted through the use of academic terminology in the framework of well-maintained context under certain semantic restrictions. Moreover, this work is an attempt to come up with answers to such questions as : What is meant by 'context'? How important is 'contextualization' for the clarification of words ? Do 'context' and 'collocationality' both contribute to the full understanding of words ?
 The objective of the study is to investigate, explore and probe into the unraveling role of 'context' and 'contextualisation'. The study is a two– fold investigation aimed at getting acquainted with on- campus terms as well as the framework within which such terms operate and perform their communicative function . The study concludes that "context" is inevitable for the conscious awareness desperately required by learners of English to fully grasp the sense intended. This, above all , saves the learner both the effort and time that may be consumed in the quest for the meaning of a word out of context.
19
Farrington, Charlie. "Incomplete neutralization in African American English: The case of final consonant voicing." Language Variation and Change 30, no. 3 (2018): 361–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954394518000145.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractIn many varieties of African American English (AAE), glottal stop replacement and deletion of word-final /t/ and /d/ results in consonant neutralization, while the underlying voicing distinction may be maintained by other cues, such as vowel duration. Here, I examine the relationship between vowel duration, final glottal stop replacement, and deletion of word-final /t, d/ to determine whether the phonological contrast of consonant voicing is maintained through duration of the preceding vowel. Data come from conversational interviews of AAE speakers in North Carolina, Tennessee, and Washington, DC. Results indicate that glottalization and deletion of word-final /t/ and /d/ are widespread across the speakers in the analysis. Additionally, the duration of vowels is significantly longer before underlying /d/ than /t/ for consonant neutralized contexts, thus showing that duration, normally a secondary cue to final voicing, may be becoming a primary cue in AAE.
20
Zelinsky-Wibbelt, Cornelia. "Identifying term candidates through adjective–noun constructions in English." Terminology 18, no. 2 (2012): 226–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/term.18.2.04zel.
Full textAbstract:
This paper evaluates the possibilities of recognizing term candidates through their formal and semantic characteristics. From a cognitive-linguistic stance, the semantic motivation of the word-formation patterns of collocations and compounds in domain-specific texts is assumed to promote their termhood. The semantic motivation to integrate into a multi-word unit is assumed to originate in the generally agreed on generic reference of the modifying constituent. This hypothesis is investigated empirically in a corpus-linguistic experiment. Term candidates instantiating different derivational patterns of adjective–noun constructions have been manually sorted by experts into approved and non-approved terms. Our subsequent linguistic categorization into the morpho-semantic constructions instantiated by the term candidates could be verified quantitatively in terms of relative frequencies. These frequencies clearly divide the term candidates into instances of term-promoting and term-impeding constructions. Obviously, the experts have approved the terms of those constructions which come up with a high relative frequency in the corpus.
21
Darbyshire, Penny. "WHERE DO ENGLISH AND WELSH JUDGES COME FROM?" Cambridge Law Journal 66, no. 2 (2007): 365–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008197307000578.
Full textAbstract:
This article examines the backgrounds of a sample of 77 English and Welsh judges in an ambitious research project sponsored by the Nuffield Foundation, in which I work-shadowed and interviewed a core sample of 40 judges at every level of the court structure, in 2003–5, with the aim of finding out what modern judges do and what they are like. I interviewed a further 37.
22
Simms, Douglas P. A. "The Old English Name of the S-Rune and “Sun” in Germanic." Journal of Germanic Linguistics 29, no. 1 (2017): 26–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1470542716000192.
Full textAbstract:
The name of the Old Englishs-rune,sigil, as found in various medieval manuscripts, is puzzling, as it is the only Anglo-Saxon rune name that is etymologically a loan word. This article examines the variant spelling <sygil> found only in MSCodex Vindobonensis795, arguing that the spelling with <y> is a scribal interpolation. In addressing how an Old High German-speaking scribe might have come to make such an interpolation it is argued that the wordsugilfound in Continentalrunica abecedariaought to be considered an Old High German lexeme relevant to this discussion. A novel etymology for words for ‘sun’ in Germanic is presented, particularly for forms derived from thel-stem variants of the Proto-Indo-European heteroclite.
23
Mozetič, Uroš. "E. E. Cummings: From Parenthesis to Personality (Part I)." ELOPE: English Language Overseas Perspectives and Enquiries 3, no. 1-2 (2006): 201–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4312/elope.3.1-2.201-212.
Full textAbstract:
The paper presents the unique oeuvre of E.E. Cummings, who claims an outstanding position in the heritage of American poetry, as a case of Bildungsdichtung. This status is largely due to his highly innovative and iconoclastic approach to poetic composition, starting from his early rebellious endeavours drawing on an astounding variety of non-standard and downright shocking potentialities of the English language (including such peculiar linguistic and stylistic idiosyncracies as drastic changes of the syntactic English word order, shifts at the morphology and word-formation level, unorthodox use of punctuation, extravagant typography and spacing or arrangement of space between the lines, a diversity of meters and rhymes, as well as seemingly eccentric imagery), to his later and invariably maturer poetic diction – the diction of one who has apparently come to terms with the world and his fellow-beings, realising that genuine wisdom resides in the understanding and forgiveness of the inherently fallible human nature rather than in its continuous sardonic scrutiny.
24
Mozetič, Uroš. "E. E. Cummings: From Parenthesis to Personality (Part II)." ELOPE: English Language Overseas Perspectives and Enquiries 4, no. 1-2 (2007): 121–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4312/elope.4.1-2.121-134.
Full textAbstract:
The paper presents the unique oeuvre of E.E. Cummings; who claims an outstanding position in the heritage of American poetry; as a case of Bildungsdichtung. This status is largely due to his highly innovative and iconoclastic approach to poetic composition; starting from his early rebellious endeavours drawing on an astounding variety of non-standard and downright shocking potentialities of the English language (including such peculiar linguistic and stylistic idiosyncracies as drastic changes of the syntactic English word order; shifts at the morphology and word-formation level; unorthodox use of punctuation; extravagant typography and spacing or arrangement of space between the lines; a diversity of meters and rhymes; as well as seemingly eccentric imagery); to his later and invariably maturer poetic diction – the diction of one who has apparently come to terms with the world and his fellow-beings; realising that genuine wisdom resides in the understanding and forgiveness of the inherently fallible human nature rather than in its continuous sardonic scrutiny.
25
Oduaran, Fure. "Nouns as Lexical Heads in Urhobo English Code-Switching." English Linguistics Research 6, no. 1 (2017): 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/elr.v6n1p47.
Full textAbstract:
Two topics in the front burner of contact linguistics are bilingualism and code switching. Code switching between an indigenous language and the English language is pervasive where outer circle Englishes are spoken. Nigeria and other former colonies of Great Britain belong to this circle of Englishes. This study discusses nouns functioning as lexical heads in Urhobo/ English code switches. The switches include code switched NP[Z1] with determiner[Z2] s from Urhobo and head word[Z3] s from English; Urhobo –English complex Code switched NP with an adjective; complex CS NP with an adjective[Z4] prepositional phrase as complement. The study is premised on two theories. First is Noam Chomsky’s (1981) principles and parameters theory of transformational grammar which has been used for the analysis of the sentences. The second is Myers-Scotton’s (2002) Matrix Language Frame (MLF), which is used for distinguishing between the matrix and the embedded languages in the nominal phrasal constituents within the code switched sentences. In this study, Urhobo is the matrix language while English is the embedded[Z5] language based on matrix language frame (MLF) parameters. The study concludes that nouns functioning as lexical heads constitute part of the structural basis of Urhobo English code-switching. [Z1]NPs [Z2]determiners [Z3]words [Z4]adjective [Z5]embedded language
26
Kalita, Nayan Jyoti, Ankita Goyal Agarwala, and Jayprakash Das. "Word Level Language Identification on Code-Mixed English-Bodo Text." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1020 (January 16, 2021): 012027. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1020/1/012027.
Full text
27
Ihsan, Fadlan, and Raflis Raflis. "Analysis of The English Open Compound Words." Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Scholastic 3, no. 1 (2019): 42–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.36057/jips.v3i1.350.
Full textAbstract:
Compound words are one of the elements found in the field of morphology. Where the morphology is the study of morphemes, and morphemes are elements of language that have meaning and contribute to support meaning. The morphology field will involve two elements, namely the free element and the bound element. The problem in this study is to analyze the compound word found in the Jakarta post. The word compound which is discussed is the compound word that is open (separate word writing).This research is a type of research belonging to the field of linguistics. This study also uses Qualitative Descriptive research methods. This research method refers to the form of the word. In addition, this research also uses library research or library research. Putaka's research only discusses the data that has been provided by processing and donating data obtained from data sources by using the basic theory that supports the research. In this study the writer took data sources from one edition of the Jakarta Post. 
 All data needed comes from the data source.The initial step used by the writer is to extract raw data taken from the source. After all the raw data is collected, the author will classify the data in several groups. Since the writer only discusses three topic issues, the information is in accordance with the problem. The first problem is the form of the compound word separated which is found in the Jakarta Post Newspaper. Second is what is the meaning of the compound words before and after combined. And the last is the rule that is owned by the compound. Based on this research, the writer find the uniqueness that results from a separate word combination. Among them is if one word is combined with another word it will have a different meaning. Based on this research the author understands in depth about the separate word combination.
28
Rowland, Christopher. "Cosmos, Chaos and the World to Come." Journal of Jewish Studies 45, no. 1 (1994): 127–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.18647/1741/jjs-1994.
Full text
29
Hlebec, Boris. "Where Boys, Girls and Children Come From." Studia Anglica Posnaniensia 47, no. 2-3 (2012): 59–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10121-012-0004-x.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract The etymology of three very frequent English words child, girl and boy has been notoriously obscure because researchers have failed to pay attention to possible Slavic influence. This article is aimed at rectifying this major oversight by providing abundant evidence of both formal and semantic similarities between the English items and the corresponding Slavic ones and at establishing Scandinavian as an intermediary for girl and boy, no such connector being necessary for child.
30
Mesthrie, Rajend. "English circling the globe." English Today 24, no. 1 (2008): 28–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266078408000072.
Full textAbstract:
ABSTRACTStarts with an excerpt from Braj B. Kachru, The sacred cows of English (ET16, 1988). The ‘Sacred Cows’ article has been a seminal piece for many reasons. It introduced the world to Braj's famous ‘Three Circles of English’ model. At roughly the same time, in the late 1980s, three pioneers in the field which was then known as ‘English as a World Language’ or ‘New Englishes’ came up independently with the idea of representing the spread of English in terms of concentric circles. Tom McArthur's ‘wheel model’ appeared in ET July 1987. Manfred Görlach, then editor of the journal English World Wide came up with a similar model, with some minor changes in a conference paper of 1988. It was only fitting that the co-editor of the third journal in the field, World Englishes, should have his own say. And it is in fact Braj's model that has come be the most widely accepted as the model with the best ‘fit’ for English as she has been spreading.
31
Kathpalia, Sujata S. "Neologisms." English World-Wide 39, no. 1 (2018): 34–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/eww.00002.kat.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Studies in word-formation in English are common compared to the study of new words that are formed by combining the resources of two linguistic systems. Although new word formations within a language are considered to be highly creative, combining words from two different languages provides another level of creativity to bilinguals in different situations. The objective of this paper is to examine the main types of word creation processes employed in mass media texts, particularly in Hindi-English code-mixed words. The focus is on three main processes of word creation: affixation, blending and compounding (including reduplication) and they are discussed from the perspective of productivity/creativity, distribution and underlying motivations. These processes seem to be illustrative of the nativization of inner circle English in India, particularly in mass media where such lexical adaptations lend texts a distinct flavor through innovation in word-formation.
32
Usmonova, Shakhodat. "THE FUNC THE FUNCTIONS OF ST TIONS OF STANDARD INTRODUCTORY WORDS IN Y WORDS IN MEDIATEXTS." Scientific Reports of Bukhara State University 5, no. 2 (2021): 126–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.52297/2181-1466/2021/5/2/11.
Full textAbstract:
Background. The article analyzes the stylistic features of standard introductory words used in newspaper texts in Uzbek and English. It has also been suggested that there is a standard similarity in the introductory words that connect sentences in Uzbek and English newspaper texts, and these words are often significant as they come at the beginning of a sentence. All analyzes were compared using examples of Uzbek and English newspapers. Methods. Introductory words in modern newspaper text is a powerful means of representing the author of a newspaper text, explication of dialogicity, as well as reproduction of the features of colloquial speech to give effect ease, spontaneity in expressing thoughts.
33
Jouravlev, Olessia, and Debra Jared. "Cross-script orthographic and phonological preview benefits." Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology 71, no. 1 (2018): 11–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17470218.2016.1226906.
Full textAbstract:
The present experiment examined the use of parafoveally presented first-language (LI) orthographic and phonological codes during reading of second-language (L2) sentences in proficient Russian-English bilinguals. Participants read English sentences containing a Russian preview word that was replaced by the English target word when the participant’s eyes crossed an invisible boundary located before the preview word. The use of English and Russian allowed us to manipulate orthographic and phonological preview effects independently of one another. The Russian preview words overlapped with English target words in (a) orthography ( ВЕЛЮР [vʲɪˈlʲʉr]– BERRY), (b) phonology ( БЛАНК [blank]– BLOOD), or (c) had no orthographic or phonological overlap ( КАЛАЧ [kɐˈlat͡ɕ]– BERRY; ГЖЕЛЬ [ɡʐɛlʲ]– BLOOD). The results of this study showed a clear and strong benefit of the parafoveal preview of Russian words that shared either orthography or phonology with English target words. This study is the first demonstration of cross-script orthographic and phonological parafoveal preview benefit effects. Bilinguals integrate orthographic and phonological information across eye fixations in reading, even when this information comes from different languages.
34
Hussein, Marwan M., and Safwan I. Thannoon. "Words and Meanings of Love in Arabic and English with Reference to Translation." Academic Journal of Nawroz University 8, no. 4 (2019): 331. http://dx.doi.org/10.25007/ajnu.v8n4a478.
Full textAbstract:
The research is an attempt to shed light on words of love in both Arabic and English for the sake of showing the main differences and similarities between both languages and ways of thinking by the speakers of both cultures.
 Each word carries a positive and/or negative sense which may be covered by the so-called word nuances. Arabic words are unique in their denotation with different connotations. Therefore, it is difficult to say that a word can stand for another one because Arabic words of love, as the study reveals, are to varying degrees highly emotional and meaningful. English words of love, on the other hand, are clear and forward, frequently associated with sex in modern English. For this reason, they are elaborated on separately as a threshold to discuss the main problems emerging in translating some of them particularly, from Arabic into English. It is found that there is no one-to-one correspondence, except for few of them, between the Arabic words and their English counterparts.
 The research indicates that the translation of words of love is highly stylistically and contextually bound. Hence, translating such words requires a well-versed and competent translator.
 Finally, the research comes up with some conclusions that have been arrived at during this work.
35
Jones, David Ceri. "Narratives of Conversion in English Calvinistic Methodism." Studies in Church History 44 (2008): 128–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424208400003533.
Full textAbstract:
In May 1741, an anonymous Yorkshire Methodist sent George Whitefield a long letter in which he recorded the details of his nine-year-old daughter’s evangelical conversion. Within a fortnight the letter was printed in The Weekly History, the magazine which had become the official mouthpiece of the Calvinistic wing of the Evangelical Revival by this point. Here is how Whitefield began his account: We have a little daughter about nine years old; one Lord's Day in the last winter, when she staid at home, she read one of your journals, and afterwards some sermons of yours we had got from London. It pleased God by his Holy Spirit so to impress her mind as is very remarkable. She desires me to tell Mr Whitefield (that sweet minister of Jesus Christ) what she has met with in reading his book, she says, such a change of Heart, that she can now pray to God, and converse with his people in such a manner as she could never do before that day. She is of a sprightly brisk temper, yet if she be never so much engaged in work or play, if she hears any body talk of you, or things relating to religion, she will come and hear, and put in her word about it.
36
Bouchhioua, Nadia. "Typological variation in the phonetic realization of lexical and phrasal stress: Southern British English vs. Tunisian Arabic." Loquens 3, no. 2 (2017): 034. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/loquens.2016.034.
Full textAbstract:
Results of phonetic experiments on the acoustic correlates of lexical stress (word-level prominence) and phrasal stress (phrase-level prominence = accent) as two separate concepts in two typologically different languages, Southern British English (SBE) and Tunisian Arabic (TA), are reported in this study. Because of the confusion in the literature between the terms stress and accent, their acoustic correlates were muddled, too. To avoid this confusion, the data in this study are elicited using an experimental paradigm which allows careful investigation of the correlates of each concept independently. The duration, spectral balance, and vowel quality cues are measured. Results show cross-linguistic similarities and differences between the two languages. Unlike most world languages, duration in TA is not a correlate of stress. It is rather a correlate of accent. In the absence of focus on the target words in TA, the only phonetic characteristics of lexical stress that come in the foreground are spectral balance and F1 lowering. However, when the word is focused, Tunisian speakers rely mainly on duration and spectral balance to signal accent. SBE signals stress through three acoustic correlates which are duration, spectral balance, and vowel quality. More similarity is found for accent detection between speakers of the two languages.
37
Hamans, Camiel. "Contra de linguïstische preutsheid : Over -gate en andere libfixen." Nederlandse Taalkunde 25, no. 2 (2020): 319–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/nedtaa2020.2-3.015.hama.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Against linguistic prudishness. About -gate and other libfixesThis study aims to discuss libfixing as a non-morphemic process of word formation. Libfixes are ‘liberated’ elements that originate from the reanalysis of existing words, usually opaque forms or blends. A well-known example of a libfix is -gate from Watergate, whose borrowing and spreading in Dutch has been discussed by Hüning (2000). Among the other examples that are discussed are English -cation as in mancation, Franken- as in Frankenfood and Dutch -naise as in yogonaise and -talië as in Kapitalië. This contribution shows how widespread the process of libfixing is. Moreover, it is claimed that libfixing operates systematically and can therefore be a subject of morphological analysis and theory. In addition, it is shown in this analysis that it is irrelevant whether a new formation is consciously formed or that it is the result of an unconscious productive process. What counts is whether the neologism is acceptable as a word in the language in question. Examples that are discussed in this article come from English and Dutch.
38
Bakker, Peter. "A Basque Nautical Pidgin." Journal of Pidgin and Creole Languages 2, no. 1 (1987): 1–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/jpcl.2.1.02bak.
Full textAbstract:
The paper deals with a Basque Nautical Pidgin from which a number of sentences have been preserved in a seventeenth century Basque-Icelandic word list. These sentences are interesting for several reasons. First, Basque may throw an interesting light on the pidginization process because it is not an Indo-European language and has several unusual features. Second, although the sentences come from a Basque word list compiled by an Icelander, there are also some words from other languages, of which English is the most prominent. It is suggested that the knowledge of an English Nautical Pidgin played a role in the formation of this pidgin. Third, in the current debate on the origin of fu and similar markers as complementizers, many claims have been made. In this Basque Pidgin, twelve of the fifteen sentences contain the lexical item for in diverse functions. The use of for in the pidgin is compared with similar lexical items in four other pidgins. It is argued that there was some transmission of the use of for in these pidgins to the for in creoles.
39
Nagano, Hiroaki. "The time has come for Japanese surgeons to work in English." Annals of Gastroenterological Surgery 4, no. 1 (2020): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ags3.12313.
Full text
40
Claudia, Lückert. "Word class effect in online processing of proverbs: A reaction-time study." Yearbook of Phraseology 10, no. 1 (2019): 173–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/phras-2019-0009.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Proverbs (as Easy come, easy go) are a type of conventionalized multiword unit that can be used as separate, complete statements in speech or writing (Mieder 2007; Steyer 2015). The rationale of this study is to examine word class effects in online processing of proverbs. In Lückert and Boland (submitted), we reported facilitative effects associated with proverb keywords which suggests that word-level properties are active alongside properties of the level of the multiword unit. Previous research has shown that individual word classes have different effects in online language processing. Numerous studies revealed that verbs are processed more slowly (Cordier et al. 2013) and involve greater processing demands compared to nouns (Macoir et al. 2019). The results of the present study suggest that verbs rather than nouns facilitate proverb processing. A distributional analysis of word classes in proverb corpora implies a trend to prefer verbs over nouns in American English proverbs.
41
Meakins, Felicity, and Carmel O’Shannessy. "Typological constraints on verb integration in two Australian mixed languages,." Journal of Language Contact 5, no. 2 (2012): 216–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/19552629-006001001.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Gurindji Kriol and Light Warlpiri are two mixed languages spoken in northern Australia by Gurindji and Warlpiri people, respectively. Both languages are the outcome of the fusion of a contact variety of English (Kriol/Aboriginal English) with a traditional Australian Aboriginal language (Gurindji or Warlpiri). The end result is two languages which show remarkable structural similarity. In both mixed languages, pronouns, TMA auxiliaries and word order are derived from Kriol/Aboriginal English, and case-marking and other nominal morphology come from Gurindji or Warlpiri. These structural similarities are not surprising given that the mixed languages are derived from typologically similar languages, Gurindji and Warlpiri (Ngumpin-Yapa, Pama-Nyungan), and share the Kriol/Aboriginal English component. Nonetheless, one of the more striking differences between the languages is the source of verbs. One third of the verbs in Gurindji Kriol is derived from Gurindji, whereas only seven verbs in Light Warlpiri are of Warlpiri origin. Additionally verbs of Gurindji origin in Gurindji Kriol are derived from coverbs, whereas the Warlpiri verbs in Light Warlpiri come from inflecting verbs. In this paper we claim that this difference is due to differences in the complex verb structure of Gurindji and Warlpiri, and the manner in which these complex verbs have interacted with the verb structure of Kriol/English in the formation of the mixed languages.
42
Vidhiasi, Dhion Meitreya. "Getting to Know about Readability Level." Saintara : Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu-Ilmu Maritim 5, no. 2 (2021): 61–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.52488/saintara.v5i2.110.
Full textAbstract:
English is a language that is still difficult to "conquer", especially with its status as a foreign language. Not only is it difficult in terms of pronunciation, but also most Indonesians still have difficulty understanding the English translation text that has been translated into Indonesian. This study will explain the level of readability of a reading text. The level of readability greatly affects how a text can be understood by readers who come from the target language. There are 3 (three) readability levels: high, medium, and low readability. In addition, there are several things that affect the readability of a translated text, such as the use of new words, idioms, and taxa sentences. Translating a word or a reading text not only requires knowledge of translation techniques but also the translator's competence and understanding of the context of the text to be translated.
43
Nurteteng, Nurteteng. "The Communication Strategies Used in English Classroom Presentation by the English Education Students of UNIMUDA Sorong." INTERACTION: Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa 5, no. 2 (2018): 13–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.36232/jurnalpendidikanbahasa.v5i2.178.
Full textAbstract:
The study attempts to analyze the types of communication strategies used in English classroom presentation by the English education students of UNIMUDA Sorong and the reasons why they used the strategy. The study took place at UNIMUDA Sorong in TEFL class where 30 students were participated and observed during their presentation activity in this subject. The study employed descriptive method, where the data obtained through open interviewed and video recording. The result showed that from twelve features of communication strategies, there are six of them that the students used during presentation. They are appoximation, circumlocation, examplification, word coinages, code switching and use fo fillers. Circumlocation was used because the students wanted to make direct contact to the students in order to make the successful teaching and learning process. Examplification was used because it can reflect the meaning of the concept. Word coinages was used because they might forget the appropriate words/term. Code switching was used because they felt more comfortable in case she combined between Bahasa Indonesia and the English language. Use of fillers was used because the strategy was very significant particularly second or foreign language speaker. The most frequently communication strategy that the students used is use of fillers.
44
Merilia, Sarita, and Ismi Adinda. "The Use of Code Switching by English Lecturers of English Department." Lexeme : Journal of Linguistics and Applied Linguistics 2, no. 1 (2020): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.32493/ljlal.v2i1.6991.
Full textAbstract:
This research aims at investigating types of code switching used by lecturers and what are the reasons among English lecturers in English Department of Universitas Pamulang. Out of 70 lecturers of the population, 33 lecturers were chosen as the samples based on the random sampling. The data in this study were obtained through questionnaires (open-ended questionnaire). This study revealed that tag switching is a type of code switching which is mostly used by the English lecturers. Then Intra sentential is the second type which is used by the lecturers and the last is inter sentential. Lecturers identified a number of reasons of using code switching in classrooms: teaching new students, making students to understand the material conveyed, avoid the miss understanding toward the material, no appropriate word, creating effective communication and other problems
45
BECH, KRISTIN. "Old ‘truths’, new corpora: revisiting the word order of conjunct clauses in Old English." English Language and Linguistics 21, no. 1 (2016): 1–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1360674315000465.
Full textAbstract:
In Bech (2001a, 2001b), I took issue with the oft-repeated claim that Old English conjunct main clauses are commonly verb-final, and disproved it. However, the myth persists. In the meantime, theYork–Toronto–Helsinki Parsed Corpus of Old English Prose(YCOE, Tayloret al.2003) has been created, so the time has come to revisit this topic and consider it in light of new, extensive and generally accessible data. Using the YCOE corpus, I confirm and expand on Bech's (2001a, 2001b) empirical findings, showing that (i) OE conjunct clauses are neither typically verb-final nor verb-late, but they are more frequently verb-final and verb-late than non-conjunct clauses are; and (ii) verb-final and verb-late clauses are typically conjunct clauses. These two perspectives must be kept apart: in the first, the starting point is the entire body of conjunct clauses, and in the second it is the entire body of verb-final/verb-late clauses. I propose that the failure to distinguish between the two perspectives, i.e. whether it is conjunct clauses or word order that constitutes the point of departure, is the origin of the misconception concerning conjunct clauses and word order. In order to establish whether this distinction has been fuzzy all along, or whether it must be ascribed to distorted referencing in the course of a century of research, I trace the research on this topic back to the end of the nineteenth century. I show that the alleged verb-finality of conjunct clauses may be ascribed to awhisper-down-the-laneeffect – the retelling of the story has changed the story.
46
Grimstad, Maren Berg, Terje Lohndal, and Tor A. Åfarli. "Language mixing and exoskeletal theory: A case study of word-internal mixing in American Norwegian." Nordlyd 41, no. 2 (2015): 213. http://dx.doi.org/10.7557/12.3413.
Full textAbstract:
This paper discusses word-internal mixing in American Norwegian. The data show that the functional vocabulary is Norwegian whereas many of the lexical content items come from English. We argue that language mixing provides important evidence for grammatical theory: Specifically, the data support a late-insertion exoskeletal model of grammar like Distributed Morphology, in which the primitives of syntax are abstract feature bundles (morphemes) and bare roots. In such a theory, the structure is a separate entity, a sort of skeleton or frame, built of abstract morphemes. The phonological exponents of the roots and abstract morphemes are inserted late into designated slots. We show how such a model can explain the observed pattern for mixing within verb phrases and noun phrases in American Norwegian.
47
Balteiro, Isabel. "When Spanish owns English words." English Today 28, no. 1 (2012): 9–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266078411000605.
Full textAbstract:
The English language and the Internet, both separately and taken together, are nowadays well-acknowledged as powerful forces which influence and affect the lexico-grammatical characteristics of other languages world-wide. In fact, many authors like Crystal (2004) have pointed out the emergence of the so-called Netspeak, that is, the language used in the Net or World Wide Web; as Crystal himself (2004: 19) puts it, ‘a type of language displaying features that are unique to the Internet […] arising out of its character as a medium which is electronic, global and interactive’. This ‘language’, however, may be differently understood: either as an adaptation of the English language proper to internet requirements and purposes, or as a new and rapidly-changing and developing language as a result of a rapid evolution or adaptation to Internet requirements of almost all world languages, for whom English is a trendsetter. If the second and probably most plausible interpretation is adopted, there are three salient features of ‘Netspeak’: (a) the rapid expansion of all its new linguistic developments thanks to the Internet itself, which may lead to the generalization and widespread acceptance of new words, coinages, or meanings, hundreds of times faster than was the case with the printed media. As said above, (b) the visible influence of English, the most prevalent language on the Internet. Consequently, (c) this new language tends to reduce the ‘distance’ between English and other languages as well as the ignorance of the former by speakers of other languages, since the ‘Netspeak’ version of the latter adopts grammatical, syntactic and lexical features of English. Thus, linguistic differences may even disappear when code-switching and/or borrowing occurs, as whole fragments of English appear in other language contexts. As a consequence of the new situation, an ideal context appears for interlanguage or multilingual word formation to thrive: puns, blends, compounds and word creativity in general find in the web the ideal place to gain rapid acceptance world-wide, as a result of fashion, coincidence, or sheer merit of the new linguistic proposals.
48
Raña-Risso, Rocío, and Carolina Barrera-Tobón. "On the Relationship Between Subject Placement and Overt Pronouns in the Spanish of New York City Bilinguals." Journal of Language Contact 11, no. 2 (2018): 324–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/19552629-01102007.
Full textAbstract:
This paper reports on a variationist sociolinguistic analysis of the relationship between subject placement and overt pronoun rates in the Spanish of first- and second-generation Spanish-English bilinguals in New York City. The data used for the study come from a spoken corpus of Spanish in New York based on 140 sociolinguistic interviews. We show second-generation speakers exhibit a more rigid word order compared to their newly arrived first-generation peers, more often preferring subjects in the preverbal position, and we explain that this increase in word order rigidity among our second-generation can be attributed, in large part, to their increased use of and contact with English. We further posit that the difference in subject placement across generations can be explained by the different context of acquisition since the Spanish that these second-generation speakers are exposed to contains both a higher rate of overt pronouns and a higher rate of preverbal subjects.
49
Qian, Xiaohong. "A Tentative Study on English Euphemism." Journal of Contemporary Educational Research 4, no. 2 (2020): 9–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.26689/jcer.v4i2.1010.
Full textAbstract:
The word “euphemism” comes from the Greek, eu--means “good”, and –pheme-, “speech” or “saying”, and together it means literally “to speak with good words or in a pleasant manner”. Euphemism, as a cultural phenomenon as well as a linguistic concept, has attracted people’s attention for a long time. It has long been a topic of much interest. In every society there are certain things that are supposed to be unspeakable. Many words make someone embarrassed, unhappy, dislike or fear when used in communication. If we express the meaning directly, we will make such impression which is vulgar, frivolous, and impolite. In order to avoid the embarrassment or ease the sting of harsh words, man has created euphemisms.
50
MORINI, Giovanna, and Rochelle S. NEWMAN. "Dónde está la ball? Examining the effect of code switching on bilingual children's word recognition." Journal of Child Language 46, no. 6 (2019): 1238–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305000919000400.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractHearing words in sentences facilitates word recognition in monolingual children. Many children grow up receiving input in multiple languages – including exposure to sentences that ‘mix’ the languages. We explored Spanish–English bilingual toddlers’ (n = 24) ability to identify familiar words in three conditions: (i) single word (ball!); (ii) same-language sentence (Where's the ball?); or (iii) mixed-language sentence (Dónde está la ball?). Children successfully identified words across conditions; however, the advantage linked to hearing words in sentences was present only in the same-language condition. This work hence suggests that language mixing plays an important role on bilingual children's ability to recognize spoken words.