Academic literature on the topic 'Comedy verite'

Este artículo se propone estudiar la expansión de la autoficción al ámbito de la ficción televisiva a través de las producciones Curb your Enthusiasm (HBO 2000-), Louie (FX 2010-), Qué fue de Jorge Sanz (Canal+ 2010, Movistar+, 2017), El fin de la comedia (Comedy Central 2014-) y Mira lo que has hecho (Movistar+ 2018-). Se plantea una comprensión de la autoficción en televisión como el encuentro intermedial entre la autoficción literaria, el comedy verité televisivo y el stand-up comedy, donde también operan convenciones autoficcionales. Este trabajo pretende analizar la dimensión transmedial del citado corpus en sus dos sentidos posibles: en un sentido amplio, como adaptación de la autoficción literaria (cuestión íntimamente ligada a la noción de intermedialidad) y, en sentido restringido, como narración multiplataforma que expande el universo ficcional con distintos grados de profundidad. En este último caso, se hará énfasis en el modo en que sus creadores emplean diversos canales para expandir la narración del personaje protagonista explotando la ambigüedad entre éste y la figura pública. Dado que el corpus atraviesa los años clave de la digitalización, se pretende identificar la progresiva incorporación de estrategias transmediales e intermediales en la ficción televisiva de autor, identificando sus condiciones de emergencia en la industria audiovisual y planteando un debate sobre las condiciones de su pacto narrativo.

“Non vide mei di me chi vide il vero”: L’art “verace” in the circle of proud as a mise en abyme of Dante’s art in the Comedy The purpose of this study is to discuss the problem of meta-poetic themes in the Divine Comedy, focusing in particular on the relationship between God’s art and Dante’s art in the context of the impression caused by the sight of the rock reliefs in the cornice of the proud in the Purgatorio, where the poet, presenting and imitating the art of God, in fact shows the mastery of his own art. The analysis leads to the conclusion that the examples of humility and pride carved on the walls and the rock path – the perfect work of God-the Artist, vibrant with life and called by Dante visibile parlare – are, on the one hand, a mise en abyme of its macroscopic version, which is the Universe created by him, and, on the other hand, a mise en abyme of the universe narrated with the simile perfection by Dante.

THE 21st INTERNATIONAL ISTANBUL FILM FESTIVAL took place on 13-28 April 2002 and presented twelve films in the international competition with an overriding theme of the world of the art and the artist. From France, Ma femme est une actrice (My Wife is an Actress) by Yvan Attal explored the dilemmas of a sports writer whose wife was a famous actress. An actor in real life and married to a famous actress, Charlotte Gainsbourg (the daughter of actress /singer Jane Birkin and Serge Gainsbourg, the enfant terrible of the seventies music scene), Attal drew inspiration from his own experiences in this warm comedy about the fragile male ego. The fact that Charlotte played the leading role added a certain dimension of cinema verite to the film. From China, Zuotian (Quitting), the third feature of Zhang Yang (Shower, 1999) was a sensitive rendition of the harrowing experience of the late...

On 19 January 1975, Australia’s first youth station 2JJ (Double Jay) launched itself onto the nation’s airwaves with a NASA-style countdown and You Only Like Me ‘Cause I’m Good in Bed by Australian band Skyhooks. Refused airtime by the commercial stations because of its explicit sexual content, this song was a clear signifier of the new station’s intent—to occupy a more radical territory on Australian radio. Indeed, Double Jay’s musical entrée into the highly restrictive local broadcasting environment of the time has gone on to symbolise both the station’s role in its early days as an enfant terrible of radio (Inglis 376), and its near 40 years as a voice for youth culture in Australia (Milesago, Double Jay). In this paper we explore the proposition that Double Jay functioned as an outlet for youth counterculture in Australia, and that it achieved this even with (and arguably because of) its credentials as a state-generated entity. This proposition is considered via brief analysis of the political and musical context leading to the establishment of Double Jay. We intend to demonstrate that although the station was deeply embedded in “the system” in material and cultural terms, it simultaneously existed in an “uneasy symbiosis” (Martin and Siehl 54) with this system because it consciously railed against the mainstream cultures from which it drew, providing a public and active vehicle for youth counterculture in Australia. The origins of Double Jay thus provide one example of the complicated relationship between culture and counterculture, and the multiple ways in which the two are inextricably linked. As a publicly-funded broadcasting station Double Jay was liberated from the industrial imperatives of Australia’s commercial stations which arguably drove their predisposition for formula. The absence of profit motive gave Double Jay’s organisers greater room to experiment with format and content, and thus the potential to create a genuine alternative in Australia broadcasting. As a youth station Double Jay was created to provide a minority with its own outlet. The Labor government committed to wrenching airspace from the very restrictive Australian broadcasting “system” (Wiltshire and Stokes 2) to provide minority voices with room to speak and to be heard. Youth was identified by the government as one such minority. The Australian Broadcasting Commission (ABC) contributed to this process by enabling young staffers to establish the semi-independent Contemporary Radio Unit (CRU) (Webb) and within this a youth station. Not only did this provide a focal point around which a youth collective could coalesce, but the distinct place and identity of Double Jay within the ABC offered its organisers the opportunity to ignore or indeed subvert some of the perceived strictures of the “mothership” that was the ABC, whether in organisational, content and/or stylistic terms. For these and other reasons Double Jay was arguably well positioned to counter the broadcasting cultures that existed alongside this station. It did so stylistically, and also in more fundamental ways, At the same time, however, it “pillaged the host body at random” (Webb) co-opting certain aspects of these cultures (people, scheduling, content, administration) which in turn implicated Double Jay in the material and cultural practices of those mainstream cultures against which it railed. Counterculture on the Airwaves: Space for Youth to Play? Before exploring these themes further, we should make clear that Double Jay’s legitimacy as a “counterculture” organisation is observably tenuous against the more extreme renderings of the concept. Theodore Roszak, for example, requires of counterculture something “so radically disaffiliated from the mainstream assumptions of our society that it scarcely looks to many as a culture at all” (5). Double Jay was a brainchild of the state: an outcome of the Whitlam Government’s efforts to open up the nation’s airwaves (Davis, Government; McClelland). Further, the supervision of this station was given to the publicly funded Australian national broadcaster, the ABC (Inglis). Any claim Double Jay has to counterculture status then is arguably located in less radical invocations of the term. Some definitions, for example, hold that counterculture contains value systems that run counter to culture, but these values are relational rather than divorced from each other. Kenneth Leech, for example, states that counterculture is "a way of life and philosophy which at central points is in conflict with the mainstream society” (Desmond et al. 245, our emphasis); E.D. Batzell defines counterculture as "a minority culture marked by a set of values, norms and behaviour patterns which contradict those of the dominant society" (116, our emphasis). Both definitions imply that counterculture requires the mainstream to make sense of what it is doing and why. In simple terms then, counterculture as the ‘other’ does not exist without its mainstream counterpoint. The particular values with which counterculture is in conflict are generated by “the system” (Heath and Potter 6)—a system that imbues “manufactured needs and mass-produced desires” (Frank 15) in the masses to encourage order, conformity and consumption. Counterculture seeks to challenge this “system” via individualist, expression-oriented values such as difference, diversity, change, egalitarianism, and spontaneity (Davis On Youth; Leary; Thompson and Coskuner‐Balli). It is these kinds of counterculture values that we demonstrate were embedded in the content, style and management practices within Double Jay. The Whitlam Years and the Birth of Double Jay Double Jay was borne of the Whitlam government’s brief but impactful period in office from 1972 to 1975, after 23 years of conservative government in Australia. Key to the Labor Party’s election platform was the principle of participatory democracy, the purpose of which was “breaking down apathy and maximising active citizen engagement” (Cunningham 123). Within this framework, the Labor Party committed to opening the airwaves, and reconfiguring the rhetoric of communication and media as a space of and for the people (Department of the Media 3). Labor planned to honour this commitment via sweeping reforms that would counter the heavily concentrated Australian media landscape through “the encouragement of diversification of ownership of commercial radio and television”—and in doing so enable “the expression of a plurality of viewpoints and cultures throughout the media” (Department of the Media 3). Minority groups in particular were to be privileged, while some in the Party even argued for voices that would actively agitate. Senator Jim McClelland, for one, declared, “We say that somewhere in the system there must be broadcasting which not only must not be afraid to be controversial but has a duty to be controversial” (Senate Standing Committee 4). One clear voice of controversy to emerge in the 1960s and resonate throughout the 1970s was the voice of youth (Gerster and Bassett; Langley). Indeed, counterculture is considered by some as synonymous with a particular strain of youth culture during this time (Roszak; Leech). The Labor Government acknowledged this hitherto unrecognised voice in its 1972 platform, with Minister for the Media Senator Doug McClelland claiming that his party would encourage the “whetting of the appetite” for “life and experimentation” of Australia’s youth – in particular through support for the arts (160). McClelland secured licenses for two “experimental-type” stations under the auspices of the ABC, with the youth station destined for Sydney via the ABC’s standby transmitter in Gore Hill (ABCB, 2). Just as the political context in early 1970s Australia provided the necessary conditions for the appearance of Double Jay, so too did the cultural context. Counterculture emerged in the UK, USA and Europe as a clear and potent force in the late 1960s (Roszak; Leech; Frank; Braunstein and Doyle). In Australia this manifested in the 1960s and 1970s in various ways, including political protest (Langley; Horne); battles for the liberalisation of censorship (Hope and Dickerson, Liberalisation; Chipp and Larkin); sex and drugs (Dawson); and the art film scene (Hope and Dickerson, Happiness; Thoms). Of particular interest here is the “lifestyle” aspect of counterculture, within which the value-expressions against the dominant culture manifest in cultural products and practices (Bloodworth 304; Leary ix), and more specifically, music. Many authors have suggested that music was pivotal to counterculture (Bloodworth 309; Leech 8), a key “social force” through which the values of counterculture were articulated (Whiteley 1). The youth music broadcasting scene in Australia was extremely narrow prior to Double Jay, monopolised by a handful of media proprietors who maintained a stranglehold over the youth music scene from the mid-50s. This dominance was in part fuelled by the rising profitability of pop music, driven by “the dreamy teenage market”, whose spending was purely discretionary (Doherty 52) and whose underdeveloped tastes made them “immune to any sophisticated disdain of run-of-the-mill” cultural products (Doherty 230-231). Over the course of the 1950s the commercial stations pursued this market by “skewing” their programs toward the youth demographic (Griffen-Foley 264). The growing popularity of pop music saw radio shift from a “multidimensional” to “mono-dimensional” medium according to rock journalist Bruce Elder, in which the “lowest-common-denominator formula of pop song-chat-commercial-pop-song” dominated the commercial music stations (12). Emblematic of this mono-dimensionalism was the appearance of the Top 40 Playlist in 1958 (Griffin-Foley 265), which might see as few as 10–15 songs in rotation in peak shifts. Elder claims that this trend became more pronounced over the course of the 1960s and peaked in 1970, with playlists that were controlled with almost mechanical precision [and] compiled according to American-devised market research methods which tended to reinforce repetition and familiarity at the expense of novelty and diversity. (12) Colin Vercoe, whose job was to sell the music catalogues of Festival Records to stations like 2UE, 2SER and SUW, says it was “an incredibly frustrating affair” to market new releases because of the rigid attachment by commercials to the “Top 40 of endless repeats” (Vercoe). While some air time was given to youth music beyond the Top 40, this happened mostly in non-peak shifts and on weekends. Bill Drake at 2SM (who was poached by Double Jay and allowed to reclaim his real name, Holger Brockmann) played non-Top 40 music in his Sunday afternoon programme The Album Show (Brockmann). A more notable exception was Chris Winter’s Room to Move on the ABC, considered by many as the predecessor of Double Jay. Introduced in 1971, Room to Move played all forms of contemporary music not represented by the commercial broadcasters, including whole albums and B sides. Rock music’s isolation to the fringes was exacerbated by the lack of musical sales outlets for rock and other forms of non-pop music, with much music sourced through catalogues, music magazines and word of mouth (Winter; Walker). In this context a small number of independent record stores, like Anthem Records in Sydney and Archie and Jugheads in Melbourne, appear in the early 1970s. Vercoe claims that the commercial record companies relentlessly pursued the closure of these independents on the grounds they were illegal entities: The record companies hated them and they did everything they could do close them down. When (the companies) bought the catalogue to overseas music, they bought the rights. And they thought these record stores were impinging on their rights. It was clear that a niche market existed for rock and alternative forms of music. Keith Glass and David Pepperell from Archie and Jugheads realised this when stock sold out in the first week of trade. Pepperell notes, “We had some feeling we were doing something new relating to people our own age but little idea of the forces we were about to unleash”. Challenging the “System” from the Inside At the same time as interested individuals clamoured to buy from independent record stores, the nation’s first youth radio station was being instituted within the ABC. In October 1974, three young staffers—Marius Webb, Ron Moss and Chris Winter— with the requisite youth credentials were briefed by ABC executives to build a youth-style station for launch in January 1975. According to Winter “All they said was 'We want you to set up a station for young people' and that was it!”, leaving the three with a conceptual carte blanche–although assumedly within the working parameters of the ABC (Webb). A Contemporary Radio Unit (CRU) was formed in order to meet the requirements of the ABC while also creating a clear distinction between the youth station and the ABC. According to Webb “the CRU gave us a lot of latitude […] we didn’t have to go to other ABC Departments to do things”. The CRU was conscious from the outset of positioning itself against the mainstream practices of both the commercial stations and the ABC. The publicly funded status of Double Jay freed it from the shackles of profit motive that enslaved the commercial stations, in turn liberating its turntables from baser capitalist imperatives. The two coordinators Ron Moss and Marius Webb also bypassed the conventions of typecasting the announcer line-up (as was practice in both commercial and ABC radio), seeking instead people with charisma, individual style and youth appeal. Webb told the Sydney Morning Herald that Double Jay’s announcers were “not required to have a frontal lobotomy before they go on air.” In line with the individual- and expression-oriented character of the counterculture lifestyle, it was made clear that “real people” with “individuality and personality” would fill the airwaves of Double Jay (Nicklin 9). The only formula to which the station held was to avoid (almost) all formula – a mantra enhanced by the purchase in the station’s early days of thousands of albums and singles from 10 or so years of back catalogues (Robinson). This library provided presenters with the capacity to circumvent any need for repetition. According to Winter the DJs “just played whatever we wanted”, from B sides to whole albums of music, most of which had never made it onto Australian radio. The station also adapted the ABC tradition of recording live classical music, but instead recorded open-air rock concerts and pub gigs. A recording van built from second-hand ABC equipment captured the grit of Sydney’s live music scene for Double Jay, and in so doing undercut the polished sounds of its commercial counterparts (Walker). Double Jay’s counterculture tendencies further extended to its management style. The station’s more political agitators, led by Webb, sought to subvert the traditional top-down organisational model in favour of a more egalitarian one, including a battle with the ABC to remove the bureaucratic distinction between technical staff and presenters and replace this with the single category “producer/presenter” (Cheney, Webb, Davis 41). The coordinators also actively subverted their own positions as coordinators by holding leaderless meetings open to all Double Jay employees – meetings that were infamously long and fraught, but also remembered as symbolic of the station’s vibe at that time (Frolows, Matchett). While Double Jay assumed the ABC’s focus on music, news and comedy, at times it politicised the content contra to the ABC’s non-partisan policy, ignored ABC policy and practice, and more frequently pushed its contents over the edges of what was considered propriety and taste. These trends were already present in pockets of the ABC prior to Double Jay: in current affairs programmes like This Day Tonight and Four Corners (Harding 49); and in overtly leftist figures like Alan Ashbolt (Bowman), who it should be noted had a profound influence over Webb and other Double Jay staff (Webb). However, such an approach to radio still remained on the edges of the ABC. As one example of Double Jay’s singularity, Webb made clear that the ABC’s “gentleman’s agreement” with the Federation of Australian Commercial Broadcasters to ban certain content from airplay would not apply to Double Jay because the station would not “impose any censorship on our people” – a fact demonstrated by the station’s launch song (Nicklin 9). The station’s “people” in turn made the most of this freedom with the production of programmes like Gayle Austin’s Horny Radio Porn Show, the Naked Vicar Show, the adventures of Colonel Chuck Chunder of the Space Patrol, and the Sunday afternoon comic improvisations of Nude Radio from the team that made Aunty Jack. This openness also made its way into the news team, most famously in its second month on air with the production of The Ins and Outs of Love, a candid documentary of the sexual proclivities and encounters of Sydney’s youth. Conservative ABC staffer Clement Semmler described the programme as containing such “disgustingly explicit accounts of the sexual behaviour of young teenagers” that it “aroused almost universal obloquy from listeners and the press” (35). The playlist, announcers, comedy sketches, news reporting and management style of Double Jay represented direct challenges to the entrenched media culture of Australia in the mid 1970s. The Australian National Commission for UNESCO noted at the time that Double Jay was “variously described as political, subversive, offensive, pornographic, radical, revolutionary and obscene” (7). While these terms were understandable given the station’s commitment to experiment and innovation, the “vital point” about Double Jay was that it “transmitted an electronic reflection of change”: What the station did was to zero in on the kind of questioning of traditional values now inherent in a significant section of the under 30s population. It played their music, talked in their jargon, pandered to their whims, tastes, prejudices and societal conflicts both intrinsic and extrinsic. (48) Conclusion From the outset, Double Jay was locked in an “uneasy symbiosis” with mainstream culture. On the one hand, the station was established by federal government and its infrastructure was provided by state funds. It also drew on elements of mainstream broadcasting in multiple ways. However, at the same time, it was a voice for and active agent of counterculture, representing through its content, form and style those values that were considered to challenge the ‘system,’ in turn creating an outlet for the expression of hitherto un-broadcast “ways of thinking and being” (Leary). As Henry Rosenbloom, press secretary to then Labor Minister Dr Moss Cass wrote, Double Jay had the potential to free its audience “from an automatic acceptance of the artificial rhythms of urban and suburban life. In a very real sense, JJ [was] a deconditioning agent” (Inglis 375-6). While Double Jay drew deeply from mainstream culture, its skilful and playful manipulation of this culture enabled it to both reflect and incite youth-based counterculture in Australia in the 1970s. References Australian Broadcasting Control Board. Development of National Broadcasting and Television Services. ABCB: Sydney, 1976. Batzell, E.D. “Counter-Culture.” Blackwell Dictionary of Twentieth-Century Social Thought. Eds. Williams Outhwaite and Tom Bottomore. Oxford: Blackwell, 1994. 116-119. Bloodworth, John David. “Communication in the Youth Counterculture: Music as Expression.” Central States Speech Journal 26.4 (1975): 304-309. Bowman, David. “Radical Giant of Australian Broadcasting: Allan Ashbolt, Lion of the ABC, 1921-2005.” Sydney Morning Herald 15 June 2005. 15 Sep. 2013 ‹http://www.smh.com.au/news/Obituaries/Radical-giant-of-Australian-broadcasting/2005/06/14/1118645805607.html›. Braunstein, Peter, and Michael William Doyle. Eds. Imagine Nation: The American Counterculture of the 1960s and '70s New York: Taylor and Francis, 2002. Brockman, Holger. Personal interview. 8 December 2013. Cheney, Roz. Personal interview. 10 July 2013. Chipp, Don, and John Larkin. Don Chipp: The Third Man. Adelaide: Rigby, 2008. Cunningham, Frank. Theories of Democracy: A Critical Introduction. London: Routledge, 2002. Davis, Fred. On Youth Subcultures: The Hippie Variant. New York: General Learning Press, 1971. Davis, Glyn. "Government Decision‐Making and the ABC: The 2JJ Case." Politics 19.2 (1984): 34-42. Dawson, Jonathan. "JJJ: Radical Radio?." Continuum: Journal of Media & Cultural Studies 6.1 (1992): 37-44. Department of the Media. Submission by the Department of the Media to the Independent Inquiry into Frequency Modulation Broadcasting. Sydney: Australian Government Publishers, 1974. Desmond, John, Pierre McDonagh, and Stephanie O'Donohoe. “Counter-Culture and Consumer Society.” Consumption Markets & Culture 4.3 (2000): 241-279. Doherty, Thomas. Teenagers and Teenpics: The Juvenilization of American Movies in the 1950s. Boston: Unwin Hyman, 1988. Elder, Bruce. Sound Experiment. Unpublished manuscript, 1988. Australian National Commission for UNESCO. Extract from Seminar on Entertainment and Society, Report on Research Project. 1976. Frolows, Arnold. Personal interview. 10 July 2013. Frank, Thomas. The Conquest of Cool: Business Culture, Counterculture, and the Rise of Hip Consumerism. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1997. Gerster, Robin, and Jan Bassett. Seizures of Youth: The Sixties and Australia. Melbourne: Hyland House, 1991. Griffen-Foley, Bridget. Changing Stations: The Story of Australian Commercial Radio, Sydney: UNSW Press, 2009. Harding, Richard. Outside Interference: The Politics of Australian Broadcasting. Melbourne: Sun Books, 1979. Heath, Joseph, and Andrew Potter. Nation of Rebels: Why Counterculture Became Consumer Culture. New York: Harper Collins, 2004. Hope, Cathy, and Adam Dickerson. “The Sydney and Melbourne Film Festivals, and the Liberalisation of Film Censorship in Australia”. Screening the Past 35 (2012). 12 Aug. 2014 ‹http://www.screeningthepast.com/2012/12/the-sydney-and-melbourne-film-festivals-and-the-liberalisation-of-film-censorship-in-australia/›. Hope, Cathy, and Adam Dickerson. “Is Happiness Festival-Shaped Any Longer? The Melbourne and Sydney Film Festivals and the Growth of Australian Film Culture 1973-1977”. Screening the Past 38 (2013). 12 Aug. 2014 ‹http://www.screeningthepast.com/2013/12/‘is-happiness-festival-shaped-any-longer’-the-melbourne-and-sydney-film-festivals-and-the-growth-of-australian-film-culture-1973-1977/›. Horne, Donald. Time of Hope: Australia 1966-72. Sydney: Angus and Robertson, 1980. Inglis, Ken. This Is the ABC: The Australian Broadcasting Commission, 1932-1983. Melbourne: Melbourne University Press, 1983. Langley, Greg. A Decade of Dissent: Vietnam and the Conflict on the Australian Homefront. Sydney: Allen and Unwin, 1992. Leary, Timothy. “Foreword.” Counterculture through the Ages: From Abraham to Acid House. Eds. Ken Goffman and Dan Joy. New York: Villard, 2007. ix-xiv. Leech, Kenneth. Youthquake: The Growth of a Counter-Culture through Two Decades. London: Sheldon Press, 1973. Martin, J., and C. Siehl. "Organizational Culture and Counterculture: An Uneasy Symbiosis. Organizational Dynamics, 12.2 (1983): 52-64. Martin, Peter. Personal interview. 10 July 2014. Matchett, Stuart. Personal interview. 10 July 2013. McClelland, Douglas. “The Arts and Media.” Towards a New Australia under a Labor Government. Ed. John McLaren. Victoria: Cheshire Publishing, 1972. McClelland, Douglas. Personal interview. 25 August 2010. Milesago. “Double Jay: The First Year”. n.d. 8 Oct. 2012 ‹http://www.milesago.com/radio/2jj.htm›. Milesago. “Part 5: 1971-72 - Sundown and 'Archie & Jughead's”. n.d. Keith Glass – A Life in Music. 12 Oct. 2012 ‹http://www.milesago.com/Features/keithglass5.htm›. Nicklin, Lenore. “Rock (without the Roll) around the Clock.” Sydney Morning Herald 18 Jan. 1975: 9. Robinson, Ted. Personal interview. 11 December 2013. Roszak, Theodore. The Making of a Counter Culture. New York: Anchor, 1969. Semmler, Clement. The ABC - Aunt Sally and Sacred Cow. Carlton: Melbourne University Press, 1981. Senate Standing Committee on Education, Science and the Arts and Jim McClelland. Second Progress Report on the Reference, All Aspects of Television and Broadcasting, Including Australian Content of Television Programmes. Canberra: Australian Senate, 1973. Thompson, Craig J., and Gokcen Coskuner‐Balli. "Countervailing Market Responses to Corporate Co‐optation and the Ideological Recruitment of Consumption Communities." Journal of Consumer Research 34.2 (2007): 135-152. Thoms, Albie. “The Australian Avant-garde.” An Australian Film Reader. Eds. Albert Moran and Tom O’Regan. Sydney: Currency Press, 1985. 279–280. Vercoe, Colin. Personal interview. 11 Feb. 2014. Walker, Keith. Personal interview. 11 July 2013. Webb, Marius. Personal interview. 5 Feb. 2013. Whiteley, Sheila. The Space between the Notes: Rock and the Counter-Culture. London: Routledge, 1992. Wiltshire, Kenneth, and Charles Stokes. Government Regulation and the Electronic Commercial Media. Monograph M43. Melbourne: Committee for Economic Development of Australia, 1976. Winter, Chris. Personal interview. 16 Mar. 2013.

Through exploring the use of documentary style in a selection of contemporary American comedy series, this thesis closes in on the question whether texts that stylistically differ from traditional sitcom can still be regarded as part of the sitcom genre. The contemporary American TV series that are being analyzed are The Office, Arrested Development, Modern Family, Parks and Recreation, Brooklyn Nine-Nine and The Michael J. Fox Show. As the series’ place within sitcom becomes apparent, the analysis ultimately leads to a critical investigation of the term “comedy verite.” Questioning the concepts applicability for the American series and their development leads to the investigation of new definitions. This analysis of contemporary televisual styles reveals a myriad of deeper issues and elucidates how stylistic developments point towards broader developments of the TV medium – towards a medium more and more defined by, or even drenched in, “reality.”

Aquesta tesi vol aprofundir en la comprensió de les marques del distribuïdor i les percepcions dels usuaris a Espanya. L'evolució de la MdD a Espanya ve explicada pel creixement de l'ensenya Mercadona, però: les MdD generen les mateixes percepcions? Hi ha diferencies entre les marques de detallistes, en la valoració dels atributs? Es reflecteix en la lleialtat cap el producte? I en la lleialtat cap a la cadena minorista? La recerca quantitativa –a partir d'una base de dades d'entrevistes a responsables de la llar- demostra la superioritat de Bosc Verd (la marca de Mercadona en la categoria de productes per a la llar, BV a partir d'ara) respecte a les altres MdD. Aconsegueix valoracions en línia a les MB de segon nivell en els atributs de “product performance”, genera un major nivell de prova que resto de les MdD, i té una molt elevada capacitat de fidelitzar. En el segment de detergents líquids, obté resultats molt superiors a totes les marques existents. Aquesta marca semblar seguir el model anglosaxó de “MdD de més qualitat” identificat per Erdem, Zhao i Valenzuela (2004). Els spillovers (efectes desbordament) mostren diferents comportaments segons les MdD analitzades: Els usuaris de Bosc Verd, mostren un menor consum d'altres MdD i estan més fidelitzats cap a la seva MdD. Els usuaris de Carrefour i Día sí reflecteixen l'efecte creuat entre les marques: els usuaris de Carrefour també consumeixen producte de la marca Día, i aquests també consumeixen la marca Eroski. Les marques Carrefour i Día segueixen el patró estudiat i definit per Szymanowski i Gijsbrechts (2012). Des d'aquesta tesi s'ha categoritzat com “spillover intra categoria-competència”. El comprador de Mercadona compra més productes d'altres categories, per la qual cosa genera “una major despesa en la tenda” que la resta de comprador MdD de les altres ensenyes. I compra més MdD de la seva ensenya Mercadona. En aquesta tesi, aquest efecte s'ha categoritzat com “spillover inter categories-marca pròpia”. Aquest comprador segueix un patró diferent al detectat per Szymanowski i Gijsbrechts (2012): en BV l'efecte “familiaritat “de la marca és molt superior a aquest efecte “qualitat” cap a altres MdD. Les entrevistes en profunditat als directius d'empreses fabricadors, realitzades entre 2014 i 2015, situen a BV per sobre de la resta de les MdD en la valoració del producte i per la imatge de l'ensenya, la qual cosa reforça aquest avantatge de BV. L'entrevista a un ex-directiu de Mercadona ha permès descobrir la importància i dimensió de la comunicació personal que fa Mercadona, amb 1,2 milions de persones impactades a l'any. Es tracta d'una acció de comunicació en les tendes especialment dissenyada per a aquesta fi, realitzada per empleats i l'equip de prescriptors. En aquesta acció, dirigida al target de compradors o els qui viuen als voltants d'un nou establiment, s'expliquen i demostren les bondats dels productes de Mercadona en una xerrada informativa d'una hora. La recerca demostra que BV és una marca amb dimensions de marca en línia o superiors a les MB2, superiors a la resta de les MdD i molt bé valorada pels seus usuaris. És una marca que té les característiques de les marques “anunciades a TV”: 1) és coneguda, 2) és provada en una proporció molt superior a la resta de MdD i fins i tot algunes MB (l'alt nivell de prova confirma la poca incertesa que genera) 3) té una excel·lent capacitat de fidelització per l'excel·lent relació qualitat-preu que ofereix i 4) expandeix el seu ús a altres categories, com ocorre amb les extensions de línia de les MB i 5) la comunicació que realitza –no auditada per Infoadex- és diferent però sens dubte efectiva. La prova de la seva efectivitat és presència de “la recomanació” com a factor de compra detectat en la recerca. Els excel·lents resultats de BV posen en una situació difícil a aquelles MB “no capdavanteres” que no són capaces de crear un espai propi al mercat. La qualitat del producte, la imatge de la tenda i la comunicació en el punt de venda generen una percepció de la MdD de Mercadona i de l'ensenya Mercadona més positiva que la que tenen la resta de detallistes. Això fet explica que aparegui com una de les marques més estimades pels espanyols en l'estudi del *Iese (2012). Aquest conjunt de factors crea “un entorn competitiu únic” per als fabricants a Espanya, com indica algun entrevistat. Les MB han de replantejar-se la seva estratègia en aquest entorn competitiu que ha demostrat que Mercadona és capaç de tenir la marca número u en moltes categories. Ho aconsegueix amb una comunicació diferent, però sens dubte molt efectiva. Les línies futures de recerca poden ser diverses i en múltiples àrees. A nivell de comunicació, seria interessant analitzar en l'àmbit minorista quins són els resultats d'una comunicació massiva front l'aproximació actual; en aquest sentit, poder avaluar els resultats de Lidl -amb un producte de qualitat i publicitat massiva en televisió- pot resultar de gran interès. En l'àmbit dels efectes spillovers, seria interessant estudiar aquests efectes cap a altres categories (per exemple, alimentació i drogueria, o cura personal i drogueria) i veure si mostren un patró de comportament similar. També seria interessant conèixer la situació al moment actual i veure l'evolució de les diferents MB.
Esta tesis quiere profundizar en la comprensión de las marcas del distribuidor y las percepciones de los usuarios en España. La evolución de la MdD en España viene explicada por el crecimiento de la enseña Mercadona, pero: ¿las MdD generan las mismas percepciones? Hay diferencias entre las marcas de detallistas en la evaluación de los atributos? Se ve reflejado en la lealtad hacia el producto? ¿y en la lealtad hacia la cadena minorista? La investigación cuantitativa –a partir de una base de datos de entrevistas a responsables del hogar- demuestra la superioridad de Bosque Verde (la marca de Mercadona en la categoría de productos para el hogar, BV a partir de ahora) respecto a las demás MdD. Consigue valoraciones en línea a las MB de segundo nivel en los atributos de “product performance”, genera un mayor nivel de prueba que resto de las MdD, y tiene una muy elevada capacidad de fidelizar. En el segmento de detergentes líquidos, obtiene resultados muy superiores a todas las marcas existentes. Esta marca parecer seguir el modelo anglosajón de “MdD de más calidad” identificado por Erdem, Zhao y Valenzuela (2004). Los spillovers (efectos desbordes) muestran diferentes comportamientos según las MdD analizadas: Los usuarios de Bosque Verde, muestran un menor consumo de otras MdD y estan más fidelizados hacia su MdD. Los usuarios de Carrefour y Día sí reflejan el efecto cruzado entre las marcas: los usuarios de Carrefour también consumen producto Día, y éstos también consumen Eroski. Las marcas Carrefour y Día siguen el patrón estudiado y definido por Szymanowski y Gijsbrechts (2012). Desde esta tesis se ha categorizado como “spillover intra categoría-competencia”. El comprador de Mercadona compra más productos de otras categorías, por lo que genera “un mayor gasto en la tienda” que el resto de comprador MdD de las otras enseñas. Y compra más MdD de su enseña Mercadona. En esta tesis, este efecto se ha categorizado como “spillover inter categorías-marca propia”. Este comprador sigue un patrón diferente al detectado por Szymanowski y Gijsbrechts (2012): en BV el efecto “familiaridad “de la marca es muy superior al efecto “calidad” hacia otras MdD. Las entrevistas en profundidad a los directivos de empresas fabricantes, realizadas entre 2014 y 2015, sitúan a BV por encima del resto de las MdD en la valoración del producto y por la imagen de la enseña, lo que refuerza esa ventaja de BV. La entrevista a un ex-directivo de Mercadona ha permitido descubrir la importancia y dimensión de la comunicación personal que hace Mercadona, con 1,2 millones de personas impactadas al año. Se trata de una acción de comunicación en las tiendas especialmente diseñada para este fin, realizada por empleados y el equipo de prescriptores. En esta acción, dirigida al target de compradores o quienes viven en los alrededores de un nuevo establecimiento, se explican y demuestran las bondades de los productos de Mercadona en una charla informativa de una hora. La investigación demuestra que BV es una marca con dimensiones de marca en línea o superiores a las MB2, superiores al resto de las MdD y muy bien valorada por sus usuarios. Es una marca que tiene las características de las marcas “publicitadas en TV”: 1) es conocida, 2) es probada en una proporción muy superior al resto de MdD e incluso algunas MB (el alto nivel de prueba confirma la poca incertidumbre que genera) 3) tiene una excelente capacidad de fidelización por la excelente relación calidad-precio que ofrece y 4) expande su uso a otras categorías, como ocurre con las extensiones de línea de las MB y 5) la comunicación que realiza –no auditada por Infoadex- es diferente pero sin duda efectiva. La prueba de su efectividad es presencia de “la recomendación” como factor de compra detectado en la investigación. Los excelentes resultados de BV ponen en una situación difícil a aquellas MB “no líderes” que no son capaces de crear un hueco propio en el mercado. La calidad del producto, la imagen de la tienda y la comunicación en el punto de venta generan una percepción de la MdD de Mercadona y de la enseña Mercadona más positiva que la que tienen el resto de minoristas. Ello hecho explica que aparezca como una de las marcas más amadas por los españoles en el estudio del Iese (2012). Este conjunto de factores crea “un entorno competitivo único” para los fabricantes en España, como indica algún entrevistado. Los fabricantes de “MB” deben replantearse su estrategia en este entorno competitivo que ha demostrado que Mercadona es capaz de tener la marca número uno en muchas categorías. Lo consigue con una comunicación diferente, pero sin duda muy efectiva. Las líneas futuras de investigación pueden ser varias y en múltiples áreas. A nivel de comunicación, sería interesante analizar en el ámbito minorista cuáles son los resultados de una comunicación masiva frente la aproximación actual; en este sentido, poder evaluar los resultados de Lidl -con un producto de calidad y publicidad masiva en televisión- puede resultar de gran interés. En el ámbito de los efectos spillovers, sería interesante estudiar estos efectos hacia otras categorías (por ejemplo, alimentación y droguería, o cuidado personal y droguería) y ver si muestran un patrón de comportamiento similar. También sería interesante conocer la situación en el momento actual y ver la evolución de las diferentes MB.
This thesis aims to deepen the understand of the Distributor Brands, (DB) and their user perceptions in the Spanish market. The evolution of the DB in Spain is explained by the growth of the retail chain Mercadona, but: do the existing DB generate the same perceptions? Are there differences among the retail chains brands in the attributes evaluation? Do they impact on the loyalty towards the product? And towards the chain? Quantitative research - from a database of interviews with household shoppers- shows the superiority of Bosque Verde (the Mercadona brand in the category of household cleaning products, now BV) with respect to any other DB. BV achieves results in line with the second level MB on product performance attributes; BV generates a higher trial level than the DB, and has a very high capacity to convert buyers into loyal users. In the liquid detergent segment, the BV results are far superior to all other existing brands. BV seem to follow the Anglo-Saxon model of “high quality DB" identified by Erdem, Zhao, and Valenzuela (2004). The spillovers effects show different behaviours depending on the DB: BV users show a lower consumption of other DB and are more loyal towards their brand. Carrefour and Día users do reflect a cross effect between the brands: Carrefour users also purchase Día products, and Día users also purchase Eroski products. Carrefour and Día brands follow the pattern defined by Szymanowski and Gijsbrechts (2012). In this thesis we have named this effect "intra-category competitor spillover". The Mercadona buyer also purchases more products from other categories, generating "higher in-store spending” compared to the rest of DB buyers of other retailers. And they buy Mercadona DB in higher proportion to other DB buyers of other retailers. In this thesis, this effect has been categorized as "inter category –own brand spillover". This buyer follows a different pattern from that described by Szymanowski and Gijsbrechts (2012): BV brand shows that the “familiarity” brand effect is far superior to the "quality" effect towards other DB. In the in depth interviews carried out between 2014 and 2015, managers of the main manufacturers’ interviewed consider BV better than all of the other DB competitors due to its better product performance and the positive Mercadona retail image, both which reinforce the advantages of BV. The interview with a former Mercadona executive uncovered the importance and dimension of one-to-one Mercadona communication, which reaches 1.2 million people per year. It's an in-store communication action especially designed for this purpose, carried out by employees and a team of “prescriptors”. In this action, aimed at Mercadona buyers or those who live in the vicinity of a new shop, they explain and demonstrate the benefits of Mercadona products at a one hour meeting. Research shows that BV is a brand with brand dimensions in line or above the second level MF, higher than the rest of the DB and highly valued by its users. It is a brand that has the traits of TV advertised brands: 1) it has high awareness, 2) it is tried in a higher proportion to the rest of DB and even some MB (the high trial level confirms the low uncertainty it generates, 3) it has excellent loyalty ratio for its value for money offering, 4) BV expands its usage to other categories (as happens with MB line extensions) and, 5) the communication plan put in place -not audited by Infoadex- is certainly effective. Its effectiveness is demonstrated by the "recommendation" as a purchase factor, identified in the research. The excellent results of BV create a difficult situation for those non-leading MB who are not able to create their own niche in the market. The quality of the product, the store image and the communication at the point of sale generate a more positive Mercadona DB perception and Mercadona retail perception than the rest of retail chains. This fact explains why it was shown to be one of the most beloved brands by Spaniards in a study by IESE (2012). This set of factors creates "a unique competitive environment" for manufacturers in Spain, as indicated by one interviewee. "MB" and its manufacturers should rethink their strategy in this competitive environment where Mercadona has shown that is able to achieve number one position in many categories. This is achieved by means of a different, but certainly very effective communication approach and strategy. Future lines of research can be various and in multiple areas. At the communication level, it would be interesting to analyse the results of a massive advertising campaign in the retail field compared to the current Mercadona approach; in this sense, the Lidl advertising results -with a quality product and significant TV media - may be of great interest. In the field of spillover effects, it would be interesting to study these effects in other categories (for example, food and drugstore, or personal care and drugstore) and evaluate if they show similar patterns. It would also be interesting to know the current situation and compare the evolution of the different MB.

O presente relatório pretende fazer uma abordagem ao processo de montagem da comédia popular crioula “Once Upon a Time in Ribeira Bote”, cuja estreia teve lugar na última edição do Festival Internacional de Teatro do Mindelo - Mindelact 2020. Este tipo de comédia surgiu em meados do século XX, no seio dos clubes recreativos da cidade do Mindelo em Cabo Verde, centrando-se na abordagem cómica de acontecimentos predominantemente urbanos e caracterizando-se por uma pujante crítica social onde se destacava o tom brejeiro, provocatório e malicioso. Neste sentido, serão apresentados exemplos práticos de recobro da tradição da Comédia Popular Crioula - que é uma componente fundamental para a compreensão da identidade do teatro cabo-verdiano. Após uma introdução em torno da história da comédia crioula em Cabo Verde, faz-se um enquadramento do projeto cénico a nível dramatúrgico, social, histórico, cultural e linguístico. O exercício cénico, tal como é comum nas comédias deste género, parte da vivência e histórias da população do Mindelo, focando-se mais exatamente no bairro da Ribeira Bote. Desta forma, far-se-á uma descrição da investigação realizada no âmbito das histórias e tradições do bairro, no campo social, folclórico e musical que serviram de base para a montagem dramatúrgica. Por fim, relatar-se-ão os resultados obtidos com a realização do exercício cénico relativamente às opções de encenação, ao ritmo do espetáculo, ao registo de interpretação, à iluminação, à dramaturgia e à receção do público na noite da estreia, fazendo uma ligação entre estes momentos e a identidade do teatro cabo-verdiano.
This report intended to approach the process of producing the creole comedy Once Upon a Time in Ribeira Bote, which premiere took place in the latest edition of the Mindelo International Theater Festival - Mindelact 2020. This type of comedy appeared in the beginning of the 20th century in the recreational clubs of the city of Mindelo in Cape Verde, focusing on the comical approach of urban events and being characterized by a vigorous social criticism, with a provocative and malicious tone. In this sense, practical examples recovering the tradition of the Popular Creole Comedy will be included, which is a fundamental component for understanding the identity of Cape Verdean theater. After a theoretical introduction and a historical review of the Creole comedy in Cape Verde, the scenic project is framed at a dramaturgical, social, historical, cultural and linguistic level. The scenic exercise as is common in comedies of this kind, originates from the experiences and stories of the population of Mindelo, focusing more precisely on the Ribeira Bote neighborhood, thus describing the investigation carried out within the context of the neighborhood's histories and traditions, in the social, folkloric and musical fields that served as the basis for this dramaturgical montage. Finally, there is a demonstration of the results obtained with the performance of the scenic exercise regarding staging options, the rhythm of the show, the recording of interpretation, lighting, dramaturgy and the reaction of the audience on the night of the premiere making a relation between these moments and the identity of Cape Verdean theater.

With a Preface by Edwige Comoy Fusaro, this volume is one of few monographs on Italian post-Risorgimento author Luigi Capuana, and the first one written in English in more than forty years. Narratology and critical theory are combined with more ‘traditional’, historical-philological criticism to offer a radical rereading of the author’s narrative. Central to this study is the seemingly counter-intuitive notion of artistic self-reflexivity, which represents an innovative take on an author like Capuana, who has long been ‘canonised’ as a verista.

«Un’umanità che dimenticasse Buchenwald, Auschwitz, Mauthausen, io non posso accettarla. Scrivo perché ci se ne ricordi»: così Giorgio Bassani a chi gli chiedeva notizie sull’origine della sua scrittura. Guidata da queste parole Anna Dolfi ha costruito un tessuto di suggestioni che hanno spinto studiosi italiani e stranieri e persino alcuni protagonisti a riflettere su narratori, poeti, saggisti, storici, filosofi, editori, artisti, che dalla storia di una difficile appartenenza sono stati indotti a una sorta di fatale, testimoniale dovere morale. Ne è nato un libro di grande novità per taglio e proposte di lettura che, partendo dalla tradizione ebraica antica, da leggende rivissute in chiave politica e libertaria, dopo il Romanticismo e l’Ottocento tedesco porta in primo piano le moderne voci della letteratura/cultura europea e nord americana, della tradizione yiddish e orientale. A ricorrere sono i nomi della grande intellettualità ebraica della Mitteleuropa, di Canetti, Schulz, Döblin, Antelme, Wiesel, Sebald, Oz, Grossman, Nelly Sachs, Irène Némirovsky…, tra gli italiani quelli di Loria, Natalia Ginzburg, Giacomo Debenedetti, Cesare Segre…, soprattutto di Giorgio Bassani e di Primo Levi che, per serbare memoria della tragedia della persecuzione e della Shoah, hanno scelto di collocare la loro intera opera entre la vie et la mort. Inducendo a ricordare come il dovere di testimoniare si leghi all’affetto e al lavoro del lutto, all’effetto duraturo di una ferita immedicabile che ha nutrito la connessione tra la verità dell’accaduto e quello che si potrebbe chiamare il vero della creazione, le vrai du roman.

Cento anni e il cammino continua. Questa opera realizzata da un gruppo di professori della (ex)Facoltà di Agraria di Firenze ha l’unico intento di raccontare, attraverso pochi e significativi argomenti, i primi cento anni (1913-2013) di una istituzione che con i suoi ricercatori, tecnici e amministrativi, ha contribuito, come un solo corpo, all’avanzamento delle conoscenze nelle Scienze Agrarie e, in ambito territoriale, al successo del comparto agroalimentare toscano. Ma i veri protagonisti di questa opera non sono solo i Maestri della Scuola Agraria e Forestale fiorentina bensì le migliaia di studenti che in cento anni hanno frequentato, prima l’Istituto Nazionale Forestale e poi la Facoltà e che hanno portato in Italia e nel mondo i frutti degli insegnamenti ricevuti a Firenze.

This chapter explores the broad cultural transition from drama to novel during the Restoration period, which triggered one of the most productive periods in the history of the London stage. However, when it comes to the eighteenth century proper, the novel is more likely to be identified as the century's most significant and appealing popular genre. The chapter considers why the novel has largely superseded drama as the literary form to which ambitious and imaginative literary types without a strong affinity for verse writing would by default have turned their attention and energies by the middle of the eighteenth century. Something important may have been lost in the broad cultural transition from drama to novel. This chapter, however, contends that many things were preserved: that the novel was able to absorb many of the functions and techniques not just of Restoration comedy but of the theatre more generally.

This book examines the impact that Athenian Old Comedy had on Greek writers of the Imperial era. It is generally acknowledged that Imperial-era Greeks responded to Athenian Old Comedy in one of two ways: either as a treasure trove of Atticisms, or as a genre defined by and repudiated for its aggressive humor. Worthy of further consideration, however, is how both approaches, and particularly the latter one that relegated Old Comedy to the fringes of the literary canon, led authors to engage with the ironic and self-reflexive humor of Aristophanes, Eupolis, and Cratinus. Authors ranging from serious moralizers (Plutarch and Aelius Aristides) to comic writers in their own right (Lucian, Alciphron), to other figures not often associated with Old Comedy (Libanius) adopted aspects of the genre to negotiate power struggles, facilitate literary and sophistic rivalries, and provide a model for autobiographical writing. To varying degrees, these writers wove recognizable features of the genre (e.g., the parabasis, its agonistic language, the stage biographies of the individual poets) into their writings. The image of Old Comedy that emerges from this time is that of a genre in transition. It was, on the one hand, with the exception of Aristophanes’s extant plays, on the verge of being almost completely lost; on the other hand, its reputation and several of its most characteristic elements were being renegotiated and reinvented.

This work aims to examine the adaptations of the ‘comedia nueva’ by Arcangelo Spagna, a Roman clergyman who lived and worked between the end of the XVII century and the first decades of the following one. In particular, we will try to verify the relationship between Spagna’s comedy Le gare d’amicitia e d’amore and Herrera y Sotomayor’s Duelo de honor y amistad, by examining the analogies and the differences related to this possible hypotext.

Abstract We have completed machine-assisted proofs of two highly-optimized cryptographic primitives, AES-256-GCM and SHA-384. We have verified that the implementations of these primitives, written in a mix of C and x86 assembly, are memory safe and functionally correct, by which we mean input-output equivalent to their algorithmic specifications. Our proofs were completed using SAW, a bounded cryptographic verification tool which we have extended to handle embedded x86. The code we have verified comes from AWS LibCrypto. This code is identical to BoringSSL and very similar to OpenSSL, from which it ultimately derives. We believe we are the first to formally verify these implementations, which protect the security of nearly everybody on the internet.

AbstractBuilding network-connected programs and distributed systems is a powerful way to provide scalability and availability in a digital, always-connected era. However, with great power comes great complexity. Reasoning about distributed systems is well-known to be difficult. In this paper we present , a novel framework based on separation logic supporting modular, node-local reasoning about concurrent and distributed systems. The logic is higher-order, concurrent, with higher-order store and network sockets, and is fully mechanized in the Coq proof assistant. We use our framework to verify an implementation of a load balancer that uses multi-threading to distribute load amongst multiple servers and an implementation of the two-phase-commit protocol with a replicated logging service as a client. The two examples certify that is well-suited for both horizontal and vertical modular reasoning.

AbstractBy Wednesday, July 22, 2020, the coronavirus had killed over 611,000 people and infected over fourteen million globally. It devastated lives and will continue to do so for a long time to come; the economic consequences of the pandemic are only just starting to materialize. This makes it a challenging time to write about the new common. However, we need to start somewhere. At some point, we need to reflect on our own roles, the roles of our institutions, the importance of our economy, and the future fabric of everyday life. In this chapter, I will discuss one minor—and compared to the current crisis seemingly inconsequential—aspect of the new common: I will discuss my worry that we are on the verge of missing the opportunity to properly (re-)define the role of the sciences as we move from our old to our new common.

“Introduction: A Short History of a Long Form” introduces the verse-novel by describing its major features—including its contemporaneity (in contrast to epic), its storytelling impulse, its frequent use of interpolated lyric verses (“rough-mixing”), and its preference for common language—against the backdrop of Victorian genre theory and recent accounts of the period’s poetic genres. Focusing on Elizabeth Barrett Browning’s Aurora Leigh, an early and influential example of the form, the Introduction suggests how Victorian writers self-consciously used the generic indeterminacy of the verse-novel to contest social as well as literary norms and express a broad range of cultural concerns. It also traces some of the prior hybrid experiments that influenced the rise of the verse-novel at mid-century and offers a preview of the chapters to come.

This chapter provides the historical background for understanding not only the Cabral’s family background, but also the nature of Portuguese colonialism, particularly in relation to the formation of the two Portugal-dominated territories in West Africa, namely Cape Verde and Guinea-Bissau. Being born in Guinea-Bissau, from Cape Verdean parents, and growing up in Cape Verde, made Cabral a product of the conflictual relationship between these two former Portuguese colonies. For Cabral, then, forming a party that congregates Cape Verdeans and Guineans was also a way to come to terms with his own identity.

On Saturday, September 3, the prosecutor asks the court for an adjournment so he can verify certain matters about possible interference with the court proceedings. The judge agrees to adjourn and continues the hearing to the next day, Sunday. Although the reason for the request is never provided in open court, two Peace Corps Volunteers had apparently come forward seeking to testify. Phil and Ann Ellison, who taught near the Kinseys and who had become their good friends, along with two volunteer teachers in Pam and John Engle, contacted the judge and the prosecutor in an effort to intervene in the case with information about Bill and Peppy’s relationship.

The increasing complexity of embedded systems calls for verification techniques to make sure the systems behave properly. When it comes to safety-critical systems, this aspect is even more relevant and is now taken into consideration by certification authorities. For that matter, property verification is accepted to be done not only on the system itself but also on a representative model of the system. This chapter first introduces the different properties and how they could be expressed. Then associated modeling languages characteristics are discussed to describe the systems on which the properties can be verified. Finally, different technologies to verify the properties are presented, including some practical examples and existing tools. This last part is illustrated by several research projects such as the PRESTO ARTEMIS European project and the exoTICus System@tic Paris Region competitiveness cluster project.

Two librarians at a University in New Hampshire attempted to integrate gamification and mobile technologies into the exploration of, and orientation to, the library's services and resources. From augmented reality to virtual escape rooms and finally an in-house app created by undergraduate, campus-based, game design students, the library team learned much about the triumphs and challenges that come with attempting to utilize new technologies to reach users in the 21st century. This chapter is a narrative describing years of various attempts, innovation, and iteration, which have led to the library team being on the verge of introducing an app that could revolutionize campus discovery and engagement.

After the implementation of local mesh refinement (LMR) in solution of Euler equations and detonation simulation, the technique has been used to optimize the simulation of viscid flow. In this paper, LMR has been implemented in Navier-Stokes (NS) equations and LES turbulent model. In order to implement LMR in the simulation of viscid flow accurately and efficiently, hybrid interpolation and coarse flux limiter are established. At the same time, implementation of LMR maintains the temporal refinement in solution of NS equations. In practical application, 2D advection diffusion is used to show the advantages of LMR and verify the implementation.

As of April 1st 2004 all new marine fish farms in Norway need to be certified to comply with technical criteria in a new Norwegian Standard, NS 9415 (NAS, 2003). This paper gives an overview of the design rules. Marine fish farms have a strongly flexible hydroelastic behavior. The design rules have revealed the need for calculations to verify the structural capacity of such facilities. This paper describes how loads and response are derived on the fish farm structures. In order to account for the large geometrical deflections occurring in fish farm components such as the net and anchor cables which interacts with stiffer structural components, time domain simulations analysis of such facilities is required to assess the structural integrity. This paper report a proposed practical calculation method and results from model tests have been carried out to validate calculations. Good correspondence was shown. Additionally some applications are described.

This study employs DNS of two-phase flows to enhance primary atomization understanding and modelling to beused in numerical simulation in RANS or LES framework. In particular, the work has been aimed at improving the information on the liquid-gas interface evolution available inside the Eulerian-Lagrangian Spray Atomization (ELSA) framework. Even though this approach has been successful to describe the complete liquid atomization process from the primary region to the dilute spray, major improvements are expected on the establishment of the drop size distribution (DSD). Indeed, the DSD is easily defined once the spray is formed, but its appearance and even the mathematical framework to describe its creation during the initial breakup of the continuous liquid phase in a set of individual liquid parcels is missing. This is the main aim of the present work to review proposals to achieve a continuous description of the DSD formation during the atomization process.The attention is here focused on the extraction from DNS data of the behaviour of geometrical variable of the liquid- gas interface, such as the mean and Gauss surface curvatures. A DNS database on curvature evolution has been generated. A Rayleigh-Plateau instability along a column of liquid is considered to analyse and to verify the capabilities of the code in correctly predicting the curvature distribution. A statistical analysis on the curvatures data, in terms of probability density function, was performed in order to determine the physical parameters that control the curvatures on this test case. Two different methods are presented to compute the curvature distribution and in addition, the probability to be at a given distance of the interface is studied. This approach finally links the new toolsproposed to follow the formation of the spray with the pioneering work done on scale distribution analysis.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/ILASS2017.2017.4706

Aim/Purpose: [This Proceedings paper was revised and published in the 2018 issue of the Interdisciplinary Journal of e-Skills and Lifelong Learning, Volume 14] The objective of this study is to investigate the impact of awareness, perceived benefits, types of data collected and perceived control on the privacy concerns of digital natives living in what is considered the smart city of Cape Town, South Africa. Background: Smart city projects have been known to bring benefits such as sustainable economic development to cities. However one may wonder what and how certain factors influence the privacy concerns that come along with the implementation of smart cities particularly in the African context. In a time when information can be easily transferred, accessed and even shared, it is no surprise that people may have inclinations to be very protective of their personal information. Methodology: The study is quantitative in nature. Data has been collected using an online survey and analysed statistically. Contribution: This study contributes to scientific literature by detailing the impact of specific factors on the privacy concerns of citizens living in an African city Findings: The findings reveal that the more impersonal data is collected by the Smart City of Cape Town, the lower the privacy concerns of the digital natives. The findings also show that higher the need of the digital natives to be aware of the security measure put in place by the city, the higher their privacy concerns Recommendations for Practitioners: Practitioners (i.e. policy makers) should ensure that it is a legal requirement to have security measures in place to protect the privacy of the citizens while col-lecting data within the smart city of Cape Town. These regulations should be made public to appease any apprehensions from its citizens towards smart city implementations. Less personal data should also be collected on the citizens. Recommendation for Researchers: Researchers should further investigate issues related to privacy concerns in the context of African developing countries as they have unique cultural and philosophical perspectives that might influence how people perceive privacy. Impact on Society: Cities are becoming “smarter” and in developing world context like Africa, privacy issues might not have as a strong influence as is the case in the developing world. Future Research: Further qualitative studies should be conducted to better understand issues related to perceived benefits, perceived control, awareness of how data is collected and level of privacy concerns of digital natives in developing countries.

Aim/Purpose: [This Proceedings paper was revised and published in the 2018 issue of the Interdisciplinary Journal of e-Skills and Lifelong Learning, Volume 14] This presentation presents the preliminary findings of a survey that sought to examine the technology uses, needs, interests, career goals, and professional expectations of Generation Z college students Background: Students entering college today are part of Generation Z born in the late 90’s through 2016 making the oldest among them 20 or so years old. They already outnumber millennials and are the first true digital natives being born during the age of smart phone. They are the first generation that used a tablet before they could ride a bike, the first to have childhood friends that they engaged with electronically, and the first to have their baby photos and youthful milestones shared on social media. Their minds, relationships, learning preferences, emotional health, sense of self, have all been inexplicably shaped by constant exposure to screens and networked digital technologies, which the research shows in high doses changes the neural circuitry of developing brains, leading to shorter attention spans, stunted social skills and a heightened ability to multitask Methodology: In the fall of 2017 an online student perception survey was administered to students enrolled at a mid-Atlantic minority serving institution. The survey included a combination of dichotomous, Likert-scaled, and ranking questions. The survey was administered to students following completion of core computer concepts courses and explored their technology backgrounds, skills, perceived computing self-efficacy, and the role they predict technology will play in their future career Contribution: As Generation Z descends on college campuses, with their technology dominated backgrounds and different communications, learning, and social preferences, it is important to better understand this generation whose needs and expectations will help shape the future of higher education. Additionally, this study also provides research on a population (first-generation minority college students) that is expanding in numbers in higher education and that the literature, reports is impacted negatively by the digital divide and educational inequalities. This paper is timely and relevant and helps to extend our understanding of Generation Z. Findings: The findings show that Generation Z learners enjoy computer classes, feel that using computers comes easy to them; are experts in the use of social media, mobile operating systems, using a smart phone, searching the Web, and email. They reported that they want to be more technologically literate, want to be more skilled in computer software applications, and are interested in learning about cyber security. In terms of the future, most also believe that their career will require them to analyze information to inform decision making. Additionally, most believe that information security will be important to their future career. Finally, results affirmed that college computing courses remain important and that college students recognize that technology will play an important role in their career and that employers want to see job applications with strong technology skills. Recommendations for Practitioners: Generation Z learners enrolled in higher education need, and want, a wide range of technology courses available to them in order to help them meet the rapidly evolving demands of tomorrow’s workplace. Students overwhelmingly see the value in enhancing their technology skills especially in such areas as computer software applications, information management, and cyber security. Recommendation for Researchers: Institutions of higher education should invest in thorough and ongoing examinations of the information and technology literacy skills, needs, and perceptions of students. Impact on Society: Understanding the interests and needs of Generation Z learners is imperative to the future of higher education. Future Research: This survey is a work in progress that is part of a pilot study that is being used to help guide a much more sizable examination of Generation Z learners.

To comply with the uniform-strength theory, almost all large tanks are made by welding unequal-thickness cylindrical shell courses together. This structure can be considered as a kind of geometry imperfection of tank walls, which has a great influence on buckling behavior and critical load of tank walls. To obtain the related critical buckling load and to verify the effect regularity on bulking due to hoop stress in various combined unequal-thickness cylindrical shells, the numerical simulation was adopted to analyze the buckling behavior with different loads. The results show that the characteristic factors of unequal-thickness structure can reduce the critical buckling load significantly, such factors as shell layers and the difference in thickness of adjacent shell courses are the most dominant.

Aim/Purpose: [This Proceedings paper was revised and published in the 2018 issue of the Interdisciplinary Journal of e-Skills and Lifelong Learning, Volume 14] The digital divide and educational inequalities remain a significant societal prob-lem in the United States impacting low income, first-generation, and minority learners. Accordingly, institutions of higher education are challenged to meet the needs of students with varying levels of technological readiness with deficiencies in information and digital literacy shown to be a hindrance to student success. This paper documents the efforts of a mid-Atlantic minority-serving institution as it seeks to assess and address the digital and information literacy skills of underserved students Background: A number of years ago, a historically Black university located in Maryland devel-oped an institutional commitment to the digital and information literacy of their students. These efforts have included adoption of an international digital literacy certification exam used as a placement test for incoming freshmen; creation of a Center for Student Technology Certification and Training; course redesign to be performance based with the incorporation of a simulation system, eportfolios, Webquests, a skills building partnership with the University library; pre and post testing to measure the efficacy of a targeted computer applications course taught to business and STEM majors; and student perception surveys Methodology: In 2017, pre and post testing of students in enrolled in core computer applications courses were conducted using the IC3 test administered during the second and fifteenth week of the academic terms. These scores were compared in order to measure degree of change. Additionally, post test scores were assessed against five years of the scores from the same test used as a placement for incoming freshmen. A student perception survey was also administered. The survey included a combination of dichotomous, Likert-scaled, and ranking questions with descriptive statistical analyses performed on the data. The results were used to test four hypotheses. Contribution: This study provides research on a population (first-generation minority college students) that is expanding in numbers in higher education and that the literature, reports as being under-prepared for academic success. Unfortunately, there is a paucity of current studies examining the information and technological readiness of students enrolling at minority serving institutions. This paper is timely and relevant and helps to extend our discourse on the digital divide and technological readiness as it impacts higher education. Additionally, this paper also marks a valuable contribution to the literature by examining the efficacy of computer applications courses in higher education with Generation Z learners Findings: The digital divide is a serious concern for higher education especially as schools seek to increasingly reach out to underserved populations. In particular, the results of this study show that students attending a minority serving institution who are primarily first generation learners do not come to college with the technology skills needed for academic success. Pre and post testing of students as well as responses to survey questions have proven the efficacy of computer applications courses at building the technology skills of students. These courses are viewed overwhelmingly positive by students with respondents reporting that they are a necessary part of the college experience that benefits them academically and professionally. Use of an online simulated learning and assessment system with immediate automated feedback and remediation was also found to be particularly effective at building the computer and information literacy skills of students. Recommendations for Practitioners: Institutions of higher education should invest in a thorough examination of the information and technology literacy skills, needs, and perceptions of students both coming into the institution as well as following course completion. Recommendation for Researchers: This research should be expanded to more minority serving institutions across the United States as well as abroad. This particular research protocol is easily replicated and can be duplicated at both minority and majority serving institutions enabling greater comparisons across groups. Impact on Society: The results of this research should shed light on a problem that desperately needs to be addressed by institutions of higher education which is the realities of the digital divide and the underpreparedness of entering college students in particular those who are from low income, first generation, and minority groups Future Research: A detailed quantitative survey study is being conducted that seeks to examine the technology uses, backgrounds, needs, interests, career goals, and professional expectations with respect to a range of currently relevant technologies

An analytical solution for the nonlinear vibration of gear pairs that exhibit partial and total contact loss is found. The gear teeth can have arbitrary tooth surface modifications. Such modifications and dynamic displacements separate parts of gear tooth surface otherwise designed to be in contact. This is partial contact loss. The excitation and the nonlinearity are not specified but are found from the force-deflection function of the gear pair, which comes from independent analysis, such as a finite element model. Fourier and Taylor series expansions of the force-deflection function capture the flexibility, nonlinearity, and the excitation in a few coefficients. The gear elastic behavior includes Hertz contact, bending, and shear. The nonlinearity arises chiefly from tooth surface modifications due to the dependence of contact upon the instantaneous dynamic mesh force. Although this work focuses on gear pairs with tooth surface modifications, the physical system from which the force-deflection function comes is not limited to gear pairs. Sphere/half-space contact vibrations are also analyzed. The dynamic frequency-amplitude relation at the steady-state is found using the method of multiple scales. Comparisons with experiments from the literature on gear vibrations and sphere/half-space contact vibrations verify the method.

This work aims at developing a new nonlinear control scheme based on control Lyapunov functions combined with backstepping to stabilize parallel-plate electrostatic MEMS actuators. Parallel-plate electrostatic MEMS actuators are not linearly controllable at the origin due to a strong non-linearity which comes from electrostatic forces. In the present study, a robust method is used to derive a new controller to thoroughly remove the instability region, and minimize the possibility of hitting the fixed electrode by the moveable plate. A large number of numerical simulations are performed to verify the analytical model. The resulting parallel-plate microactuator system shows no region of instability using the proposed controller. A comparison shows the robustness of the method in comparison with other solutions, and demonstrates a significant improvement in performance.

The magnetic field of a moving piston can be used for real-time estimation of its position. Piston position estimation is useful for a number of automation and performance improvement applications in hydraulic actuators, pneumatic cylinders, and I.C. engines. A significant challenge to magnetic field based position estimation comes from disturbances due to unexpected ferromagnetic objects coming close to the sensors. This paper develops a new disturbance estimation method based on modeling the magnetic disturbance as a dipole with unknown location and magnitude. A Truncated Interval Unscented Kalman Filter (TIUKF) is used to estimate all the parameters of this unknown dipole. Experimental data from a pneumatic actuator is used to verify the performance of the developed estimator. Experimental results show that the developed estimator is significantly superior to a linear magnetic field model based disturbance estimator.