Academic literature on the topic 'Comfort, outdoor, indoor'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the lists of relevant articles, books, theses, conference reports, and other scholarly sources on the topic 'Comfort, outdoor, indoor.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Journal articles on the topic "Comfort, outdoor, indoor"
1
Reza, Farhadur, Shoichi Kojima, and Wataru Ando. "Analyzing the Effect of Water Body on the Thermal Environment and Comfort at Indoor and Outdoor Spaces in Tropical University Campus." International Journal of Environmental Science and Development 12, no. 10 (2021): 282–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.18178/ijesd.2021.12.10.1352.
Full textAbstract:
Water bodies play a significant role in its surrounding thermal environment. Thermal comfort in university spaces is critical that affects the students’ health and performance as well as the staffs. This study investigated thermal environment and comfort near lakeside and non-lakeside tropical university spaces. Standard Effective Temperature (SET*) have been calculated using recorded air temperature, relative humidity, globe temperature, air velocity, clothing insulation and metabolic rate to evaluate the thermal comfort in outdoor and indoor spaces. The effects of weather parameters have been clearly visible on the comfort index. The calculated SET* values indicate that the outdoor thermal comfort near a lake is much closer to the standard comfort zone than non-lakeside outdoor space. In the case of indoor thermal comfort, however, slightly a different scenario has been observed. To achieve the desirable indoor thermal environment, some design considerations are recommended based on findings.
2
Laze, Kuenda. "Assessing public perceptions about road lighting in five neighborhoods of Tirana, Albania." International Journal of Sustainable Lighting 21, no. 2 (December 1, 2019): 38–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.26607/ijsl.v21i02.84.
Full textAbstract:
The light use was assessed in ten indoor and outdoor environments of Tirana, Albania, in November 2017. The five indoor environments presented one lecture hall, one library and three labs in a school environment. The five major streets of the capital city of Tirana presented outdoor environments. Questionnaires were respectively used to assess two criteria of “Vista” and “Visual comfort” of daylight in indoor environments and security, obstacle detection and visibility in outdoor environments. Lighting quality aspects of “Vista” were evaluated at a higher rank compared to “Visual comfort”. The approximately 87 and 60 percent of respondents respectively were not able to detect a pavement obstacle after the sunset (dark) or to distinguish a familiar face at a distance of 5 and 10 m in outdoor environments. Lighting was respectively inadequately comfort to 86 percent of users in five indoor environments. Road lighting after dark was not satisfactory to 60 percent of respondents in outdoor environments. These initial findings identify that lighting could generally be inadequate in indoor and outdoor environments in Tirana. Further research is required on the light use in built environments in Tirana, Albania.
3
LIU, TANG-JEN, and MING-SHING YOUNG. "A DIGITAL METHOD FOR MEASURING THE THERMAL COMFORT OF THE AIR." Biomedical Engineering: Applications, Basis and Communications 14, no. 04 (August 25, 2002): 175–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4015/s1016237202000267.
Full textAbstract:
Opening windows is frequently done to refresh the indoor air for the occupants. To maintain the cleanliness and freshness of the indoor air, more outdoor air is needed. But its high temperature and humidity are harmful to the thermal comfort of the indoor environment. Therefore, determining the amount of outdoor air allowed to enter the room is very important for the optimum conditioning of the indoor air. The ASHRAE comfort charts indicate the percentage of subjects feeling comfortable during various combinations of dry-bulb temperature, humidity, and air movement. A set of mathematical expressions were proposed to model the charts in order to calculate the comfort degree of the outdoor air automatically with its temperature and humidity. In this paper, the measurement of temperature and humidity was completed by a self-developed digital method. Besides, the comfort level of the sampled air was also simultaneously determined by this digital method based on the mathematical model of comfort charts. The system implemented based on our method is portable. This will let us make good use of the outdoor air and controll the ventilation machine more effectively.
4
Li, Ya Ning, and Ye Wang. "Study on Control Model of Air-Conditioning System of Air-Conditioned Train in Qinghai-Tibet Railway." Applied Mechanics and Materials 713-715 (January 2015): 905–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.713-715.905.
Full textAbstract:
The outdoor environmental conditions have great effect on the indoor environment of the air-conditioned train in Qinghai-Tibet Railway. Based on the analysis on the air-conditioning control system of the running air-conditioned train in Qinghai-Tibet Railway, considering the fresh air quantity, oxygen concentration upper limit value, contaminant concentration limit and thermal comfort simultaneously, from viewpoint of thermal comfort, a new control scheme of air-conditioning and oxygen supply has been proposed. In the new control system, both the passengers’ effects and indoor environmental effects have been considered, but also, the outdoor oxygen concentration and the outdoor atmospheric pressure are also considered as the factors affecting the indoor thermal comfort, which combine the comfort and energy-saving into one part. The study of this paper is full of theoretical meaning for promoting the technical reform, improving the management level and bettering the indoor air quality of air-conditioned train in Qinghai-Tibet Railway.
5
Wang, Wei, Xiaofang Shan, Syed Asad Hussain, Changshan Wang, and Ying Ji. "Comparison of Multi-Control Strategies for the Control of Indoor Air Temperature and CO2 with OpenModelica Modeling." Energies 13, no. 17 (August 27, 2020): 4425. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13174425.
Full textAbstract:
As most residents spend more than 90% of their time in buildings, acceptable and reasonable control of both indoor thermal comfort and air quality is imperative to ensure occupants’ health status and work productivity. However, current control strategies generally take either thermal comfort or indoor air quality as a single loop, rather than the concurrent control of two. To analyze their mutual influence, this study investigated the performance of three multi-control approaches, i.e., proportional integral derivative (PID) control of thermal comfort and a fixed outdoor air ratio, PID control of thermal comfort and design outdoor air rate, and PID control of thermal comfort and occupancy-based demand-controlled ventilation. As a pilot study, three typical control methods were implemented to a multi-zone building via OpenModelica modeling. The results indicate that indoor air temperature can be well-maintained under three control methods, however, the CO2 concentration under the fixed outdoor air ratio was over 1000 ppm, leading to poor indoor air quality. The control strategy with the design outdoor air rate could not properly ensure the CO2 concentration, due to the over-ventilated or under-ventilated phenomena, subsequently resulting in unnecessary energy waste. The occupancy-based demand controlled ventilation could maintain the CO2 concentration under the set-point with an intermediate power energy utilization.
6
Höppe, Peter. "Improving indoor thermal comfort by changing outdoor conditions." Energy and Buildings 16, no. 1-2 (January 1991): 743–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0378-7788(91)90046-6.
Full text
7
Rao, Yong, and Dong Sheng Wang. "Indoor Ventilation and Comfort Evaluation of Traditional Folk Houses under Natural Conditions in China." Advanced Materials Research 955-959 (June 2014): 4087–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.955-959.4087.
Full textAbstract:
Based on the subjective questionnaire and field measurement of the physical environment about traditional folk houses indoor and outdoor,this topic chose three typical folk houses to analyze thermal comfort, indoor the wind field ,and temperature field , summarized the indoor ventilation problems existing in the traditional folk houses, explored the influence factors of indoor ventilation and thermal comfort. Poor indoor thermal comfort is mainly manifested as: the higher indoor temperature and the higher internal surface temperature of building envelope, and poor air flow indoor. It is one of important means for promoting the indoor thermal comfort and improving the indoor air quality of traditional folk houses by adopting appropriate building ventilation technology and effectively using natural ventilation.
8
Elnabawi, Mohamed H., and Neveen Hamza. "Behavioural Perspectives of Outdoor Thermal Comfort in Urban Areas: A Critical Review." Atmosphere 11, no. 1 (December 31, 2019): 51. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos11010051.
Full textAbstract:
The thermal characteristics of outdoor urban spaces and the street networks connecting them are vital to the assessment of the liveability and sustainability of cities. When urban spaces are thermally comfortable, city dwellers spend more time outdoors. This has several benefits for human health and wellbeing, also reducing indoor energy consumption and contributing to local economy. Studies on outdoor thermal comfort have highlighted the need to develop interdisciplinary frameworks that integrate physical, physiological, psychological, and social parameters to assist urban planners and designers in design decisions. In this paper, an extensive literature review of outdoor thermal comfort studies over the past decade was undertaken, including both rational and adaptive thermal comfort approaches, from the contextualize the behaviour perspectives related to the use of urban space. Consequently, the paper suggests a comprehensive framework for evaluating the relationship between the quantitative and qualitative parameters linking the microclimatic environment with subjective thermal assessment and social behaviour. The framework aims to contribute to the development of exclusive thermal comfort standards for outdoor urban settings.
9
Azarnejhad, Araz, and Ardeshir Mahdavi. "On the Impact of Building Façades’ Color on Thermal Building Performance and Outdoor Thermal Comfort." Applied Mechanics and Materials 887 (January 2019): 189–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.887.189.
Full textAbstract:
A surface property of building façades, which has implications for thermal performance of buildings as well as outdoor thermal comfort, is visual reflectance. In this paper, the effects of façades’ visual reflectance on buildings' thermal performance and outdoor thermal comfort were investigated. A simulation tool was calibrated via empirical data and deployed to explore the impact of the visual reflectance of typical building façades in Vienna on indoor temperature and heating and cooling loads. The results show that the magnitude of visual reflectance has little impact on indoor temperature and energy demand of insulated buildings, while its effect on cooling load of non-insulated buildings is considerable. Finally, the effect of façades' visual reflectance on outdoor thermal comfort was investigated.
10
Gür, Miray, and Filiz Şenkal Sezer. "INDOOR COMFORT CONDITIONS IN TERMS OF USER SATISFACTION FOR MIDDLE-INCOME GROUPS: THE CASE OF ATAEVLER, BURSA, TURKEY." International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH 6, no. 6 (June 30, 2018): 522–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v6.i6.2018.1398.
Full textAbstract:
The objective of this research paper is to investigate residents’ perception of indoor comfort conditions and user satisfaction in the residences for middle-income groups, focusing on thermal, visual and acoustical comfort. For this purpose, a residential satisfaction survey was conducted to residents of 5 housing estates in Ataevler, Bursa, Turkey. The study consists of literature review, evaluation of user satisfaction survey, and discussion of the research findings focusing on improving indoor environment. The questionnaires were applied to residents and they were asked to express their perception of indoor comfort and their satisfaction level with comfort parameters in which they live in. The answers have statically been analyzed in terms of percentages through SPSS 13.0. The results obtained indicate that the main dissatisfaction factors related to comfort conditions of middle income groups in their housing estates were related to indoor-outdoor noise problems and inadequate daylight received. The results suggest that comfort levels of users related to climatic factors vary based on their house and seasons. Heating levels of buildings are adjusted based on the comfort of the users. Comfort levels related to indoor-outdoor noise are very low. Satisfaction levels from visual comfort is low in buildings that were constructed close to each other because of inadequate daylight. Achieving optimal visual, acoustical, and climatic comfort conditions is essential to create a positive impact on users’ performance in houses. The results of this study and suggested comfort conditions are expected to contribute to building policies, building producers, academia and to the implementation of high quality, healthy and energy efficient houses.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Comfort, outdoor, indoor"
1
Ramosaj, Grese, and Nunzio Antonello Di. "Outdoor e indoor: Abitare il comfort. Strategie di riqualificazione del quartiere Pilastro a Bologna." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2015. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/8693/.
Full textAbstract:
Il caso studio affrontato nella tesi è il complesso residenziale Pilastro, costruito tra gli anni 1962 e 1985 a Bologna. Collocato nella parte nord-est della città, all’interno del quartiere San Donato, il quartiere si presenta come una delle periferie più adatte ad ospitare i nuovi progetti di sviluppo urbano, in virtù della sua posizione strategica rispetto ai diversi poli e alla rete
infrastrutturale principale.
Questo studio consiste in una serie di analisi, effettuate al fine di giungere a trattare gli aspetti progettuali, che rispondono a una serie di problematiche riscontrate nella parte conosciuta come “Primo Impianto”.
Le criticità affrontate sono:
- Fenomeno di Canyon Urbano dovuto al rapporto tra la morfologia urbana e il microclima;
- Limiti nella fruibilità degli spazi esterni (outdoor), a causa della presenza di spazi non caratterizzati, dotati di uno scarso livello di comfort termico durante il periodo estivo;
- Problemi riguardo l’aspetto viabilistico e le sezioni stradali;
- Bassa prestazione energetica correlata alla vetustà degli edifici;
- Basso livello di comfort interno (indoor) degli edifici.
La Tesi ha come obiettivo la definizione di diverse strategie progettuali che tengano conto delle condizioni climatiche relative al benessere termico come criterio per la riqualificazione degli spazi esterni e degli edifici esistenti.
Quest’ultima terrà altresì conto della prestazione energetica dei fabbricati.
Un aspetto complementare è quello del ragionamento sull’incidenza della progettazione degli spazi esterni (outdoor) sugli aspetti relativi al benessere
negli spazi interni (indoor).
Metodo
L’approccio seguito nel trattare le problematiche ha come punto di partenza lo studio degli spazi esterni, che continua anche al livello del costruito. Attraverso diverse analisi a livello urbanistico, sono stati indagati
una serie di aspetti come la morfologia urbana, i servizi, gli spazi aperti, la popolazione e la mobilità, etc. Il comparto studio, collocato nella parte nord-est del Primo Impianto in Via Lodovico Frati, è composto da edifici
residenziali in linea e lo spazio “in between” che si affaccia alla strada.
Al fine di considerare le condizioni climatiche e la loro incidenza nel comfort urbano, sono stati studiati diversi parametri fisici incidenti, valutati con l’ausilio del software di simulazione Envi-met, con l’output di cui, è stato possibile ottenere mappe di valori del comfort outdoor, sia della condizione esistente che in quella dopo l’intervento progettuale.
Per quanto riguarda gli edifici, per valutare il livello di comfort negli ambienti interni è stato usato il software di simulazione EnergyPlus, mentre per valutare la prestazione energetica è stato usato il software Termolog Epix 5.
L’output dei risultati ottenuti dai software di simulazione è uno strumento importante di verifica per le diverse scelte progettuali.
2
YEH, SHING-YU, and 葉星虞. "Using Deep Learning Approaches to Predict Indoor Thermal Comfort and Outdoor Rainfall Probability by Embedded Weather Box." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/zfyezh.
Full textAbstract:
碩士逢甲大學
資訊工程學系
105
With new technological advancements, the mobile phones and 3C products have been popularized in the life. Internet of Things (IoT) is also equipped in our living space so that the internet can be anywhere and make our society more digitized. Face the pressure of work and the irritable things in life, people hope that they can have a more comfortable living space and so resulting in the applications for smart home appear quickly. For highly developed countries which faced aging societies, the health management of the elderly is one of the most important problems. The body of elderly is not only low resistance but also poor temperature regulation and sensitivity. Slight temperature changes may cause colds, fever and other diseases. Therefore, how to use a simple application to give people a thermal comfortable living space will be an important issue. Raining can not only affect thermal comfort but also cause inconvenience to people, e.g., shopping or hanging the clothes. If we can provide more accurate prediction of raining, people will be able to facilitate their planning schedules. This thesis aims to use the Arduino weather box to collect the weather data from the user’s living space, and then these data can be analyzed via Support Vector Machine (SVM) and Neural Network (NN) to predict thermal comfort and probability of rainfall. We compare the prediction accuracy of temperature and rainfall probability using the two machine learning approaches. We use accuracy and correlation coefficient to determine which one is the best. From the experimental results, we can find using NN can get better results of temperature prediction, and using SVM can get better results to predict rainfall probability.
Book chapters on the topic "Comfort, outdoor, indoor"
1
Sarfaraz Alam, Md, Arunachalam Muthiah, and Urmi Salve. "A Comparative Analysis Between Indoor and Outdoor Thermal Comfort Parameters of Railway Pantry Car." In Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering, 411–16. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-7831-1_37.
Full text
2
Bakkali, Mohammed, and Yasunobu Ashie. "BESTest for Integrated Outdoor-Indoor Energy Balance Modelling." In Intelligent Environments 2021. IOS Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/aise210089.
Full textAbstract:
In our growing cities, climate change and energy related uncertainties are of great concern. The impact of the Urban Heat Island on comfort, health and the way we use energy still requires further clarification. The outdoor-indoor energy balance model (3D-City Irradiance) presented in this article was developed so as to address these issues. The effects of view factors between urban surfaces on three-dimensional radiation and the effects of fully integrated outdoor-indoor energy balance schemes on heat islands and building indoor thermal loads could be included within different building blocks at a resolution of several metres. The model operated under the ‘stand alone’ mode. It was tested using the Building Energy Simulation Test (BESTest) which demonstrated good levels of agreement for diurnal and seasonal simulations.
3
Humphreys, Michael, Fergus Nicol, and Susan Roaf. "The Adaptive Relation Between Indoor Neutral Temperatures And The Outdoor Climate 1." In Adaptive Thermal Comfort: Foundations and Analysis, 296–318. Routledge, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315765815-31.
Full text
4
Karimipanah, Taghi. "Some Aspects of HVAC Design in Energy Renovation of Buildings." In Urban Transition - Perspectives on Urban Systems and Environments [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.98824.
Full textAbstract:
It is well-known fact that air conditioning systems are responsible for a significant part of all energy systems in building energy usage. In EU buildings, the building HVAC systems account for ca 50% of the energy consumed. In the U.S., air-conditioning accounts on average about 12% of residential energy expenditures. The proper choice of air distribution systems and sustainable energy sources to drive the electrical components have a vital impact to achieve the best requirements for indoor climate including, hygienical, thermal, and reasonable energy-saving goals. The building energy system components that have a considerable impact on the demand for final energy in the building are design, outdoor environment conditions, HVAC systems, water consumption, electrical appliances, indoor thermal comfort, and indoor human activities. For calculation of the energy balance in a building, we need to consider the total energy flows in and out from the building including ventilation heat losses, the perimeters transmission heat loses, solar radiation, internal heat from occupants and appliances, space and domestic water heating, air leakage, and sewage heat losses. However, it is a difficult task to handle the above time-dependent parameters therefore an energy simulation program will always be used. This chapter aims to assess the role of ventilation and air-conditioning of buildings through the sustainability approaches and some of the existing renewable energy-based methods of HVAC systems are presented. This comprehensive review has been shown that using the new air distribution systems in combination with renewable energy sources are key factors to improve the HVAC performance and move toward Nearly Zero Carbon Buildings (NZCB).
Conference papers on the topic "Comfort, outdoor, indoor"
1
Al-Othmani, Mohamad, Nesreen Ghaddar, and Kamel Ghali. "Transient Human Thermal Comfort Response in Convective and Radiative Environments." In ASME 2008 Heat Transfer Summer Conference collocated with the Fluids Engineering, Energy Sustainability, and 3rd Energy Nanotechnology Conferences. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ht2008-56101.
Full textAbstract:
In this work, human transient thermal responses and comfort are studied in non-uniform radiant heating and convective heating environments. The focus was on a change from walking activity of human in outdoor cold environment at high clothing insulation to warm indoor environment at sedentary activity level associated with lower clothing insulation. A transient multi-segmented bioheat model sensitive to radiant asymmetry is used to compare how fast the human body approaches steady state thermal conditions in both radiative and convective warm environments. A space thermal model is integrated with the bioheat model to predict the transient changes in skin and core temperature of a person subject to change in metabolic rate and clothing insulation when entering conditioned indoor space. It was found that overall thermal comfort and neutrality were reached in 6.2 minutes in the radiative environment compared to 9.24 minutes in convective environment. The local thermal comfort of various body segments differed in their response to the convective system where it took more than 19 minutes for extremities to reach local comfort unlike the radiative system where thermal comfort was attained within 7 minutes.
2
Liu, Junjie, Bin Wang, and Youhao Xu. "Research on the Energy Saving Performance of the Enthalpy Recovery Ventilator in Chinese Residential Buildings." In ASME 2006 International Solar Energy Conference. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/isec2006-99102.
Full textAbstract:
In order to fulfill the indoor comfort and health requirements, people need to supply a large amount of outdoor fresh air into the indoor environment. In the past, because of the poor airtight performance of the residential buildings in China, there is usually no mechanical ventilator installed, almost all of the outdoor air infiltrates from the leaks through the windows and doors. Recently, in order to improve the energy saving performance, the windows and doors of the residential buildings become more and more airtight so that the outdoor air can’t infiltrate into the rooms easily, but it results in the worse and worse indoor air quality. People need supply enough outdoor fresh air into the rooms without increasing the energy consumption greatly. The installation of the enthalpy recovery ventilator (ERV) is an effective method. It can transfer heat and moisture from the exhaust air into the outdoor fresh air to save energy. Nowadays, ERV has been widely used in the commercial and industry buildings, and started in the residential buildings in China. But ERV is not always energy saving in anywhere and anytime. Its energy saving performance depends on a lot of factors, such as the outdoor environmental condition, the enthalpy effectiveness of the enthalpy recovery medium, the Coefficient of Performance (COP) of the air condition system and so on. Based on the weather data, this paper calculates the hourly energy saving performance of ERV for residential buildings that are hypothetically located in five Chinese representative cities of five different climate zones in summer. It gives the definition of the cooling ventilation season and studies the influence factors related to the energy saving performance of ERV.
3
Blanca-Giménez, Vicente, Gonzalo Gurrea-Ysasi, Adrian Rodriguez-Burruezo, and Inmaculada Fita. "Perceptual analysis of thermal-luminal comfort in areas shaded by vegetation in design education centers." In INNODOCT 2018. València: Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/inn2018.2018.8779.
Full textAbstract:
The search for comfort in users is a priority objective in technical schools focused on spaces design. The use of spaces can be for residential, commercial or entertainment activities. It is a common mistake to consider that comfort is achieved exclusively through the analysis of the interior space, since it is also necessary to consider the relationship between the space and the surrounding environment, because it is affected by environmental variables such as radiation, wind, humidity, noise, etc. The change of these variables throughout the day influences the interior conditions of the spaces and in general, is needed to incorporate artificial systems to compensate the external climatological conditions (thermal machines, light sources, etc.). Grade students, in design schools acquire, throughout the curriculum, knowledge in relation to the limits of comfort required for interior spaces. In the last academic year of the degree in Architecture, students have sufficient capacity to be able to detect the fluctuations that occur in the variables of the external environment by measuring temperature and humidity with DATALOGGER, equipment capable of recording data over time or in relation to the location using its own sensors or externally connected, as well as the value of the light level with LUXOMETERS, which are instruments that measure the real and not subjective illuminance of an environment. On the other hand, students are also able to evaluate the quality of the indoor environment, detecting whether or not there is a difference with the outdoor environment and assessing, for each orientation, the need for protection against radiation, (possible incorporation of tree mass, etc.). The protocol for developing the work proposal is established with measurements at the beginning of the course (winter period), later in spring and at the end of the course (beginning of summer). For each space analyzed (indoor and outdoor), measurements are carried out three times a day (early in the morning, at noon and in the evening). With the data obtained in different moments of the day and stationary situations, students must be able to select the most suitable protection devices for the building under analysis (vegetation, canopies, etc.).
4
Yoshida, Atsumasa, Yasuhiro Shimazaki, Shinichi Kinoshita, and Ryota Suzuki. "A Human Energy Balance Model With Clothing Effects for Estimating Human Thermal Comfort." In 2010 14th International Heat Transfer Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ihtc14-22070.
Full textAbstract:
There is an increased world attention on environmental issues with the global trend of environmental degradation. Especially thermal environment was highly concerned as human safety. We have been focused on creation of amenity environment with energy-saving way. This study is uncommonly dealing with human feeling for human thermal comfort, that is to say quantification of environment has been done. The feeling of comfort is mixed sense and can be totally easier to improve compared with straightforward way, and this may lead to energy and cost saving way of improvement. Moreover, this is human-oriented and can reflect humans’ wishes. Since thermal comfort index is useful tool for understanding the present state and evaluating the impact of countermeasures, effectiveness of human thermal load which is thermal comfort index based on energy balance of human body was examined. The human thermal comfort around the human body in outdoor is influenced by six dominant factors; air temperature, humidity, solar radiation, wind speed, metabolism and clothing. The difference between indoor and outdoor is expressed mainly as non-uniform and unsteady. Therefore, the unsteady responses of each dominant factors were examined and clarified human thermal load is quite good estimation of human thermal comfort. In steady state and even in unsteady state, thermal comfort can be obtained by using human thermal load on the whole. The reason is human thermal load consider the amount of physiology and also weather parameters. In the process of creating energy balance model of human, clothing material was deeply considered. For establishing better thermal environment, clothing material is of great use, because clothing material has an impact on thermal exchange between exterior environment and human body and more easy way to improve in 6 factors. The traditional treatment of clothing in human science was only resistance of heat transfer and this was not enough for all clothing effects. In daily life, effect of humidity exists and moisture property is required. Moreover color of material has impact on energy balance in clothing material. In order to show a way of better thermal environment, the heat and the moisture transfer coefficients on clothing material, radiative properties, and additional properties such as convection heat transfer coefficient were measured, and energy flow of clothing material was totally investigated. Finally, the effects of clothing material for human thermal comfort were predicted and this energy balance human model has become much better model.
5
Li, Rong, Yongjie Zhang, and David Archer. "Computation of Air Flow in CMU’s Intelligent Workplace and Its Effect on Occupant Health and Comfort." In ASME 2008 2nd International Conference on Energy Sustainability collocated with the Heat Transfer, Fluids Engineering, and 3rd Energy Nanotechnology Conferences. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2008-54232.
Full textAbstract:
In this paper, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is utilized to investigate thermal comfort and energy efficiency of an office in the Intelligent Workplace (IW) of Carnegie Mellon University. First, a comprehensive geometric grid model is constructed to represent the office including the walls, floor, roof, windows, doors, fan coil units, and furnishings. Then the air flow and accompanying heat exchange with the bounding surfaces of the office are calculated based on indoor and outdoor ambient conditions, the operating conditions of the fan coil units and windows, and the occupancy of the space. The computational results of the air flow provide the means to measure whether comfort conditions have been established based on the outside conditions and on the operation of the fan coil units. The operating conditions of the fan coil units, fan speed, and chilled/heated water flow, determine their effectiveness in cooling/heating and their operating costs. This CFD air flow simulation, therefore, when generalized, provides a design support system for architects and engineers. The numerical solutions of office space are calibrated and validated by empirical operational data from the fan coil units. The design support system will enable the evaluation of the annual performance and operating cost of given fan coil units in a given building space.
6
Ishihama, Masao, and Hiromitsu Sakurai. "Motor Vehicle Exterior Sound Quality Improvement for Indoors." In ASME 2006 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2006-14041.
Full textAbstract:
The objectives of this study are these three items. 1) To find better indices than dB(A) for representing annoyances caused by motor vehicle traffic noise along highways. 2) To find the frequency range of motor vehicle exterior noise that should primarily be controlled to achieve better indoor sound environment along highways. 3) To find suitable vehicle driving conditions for evaluating indoor sound environment. To obtain the desired results psycho-acoustic experiments were conducted. Firstly, sound samples were collected with microphones placed at such locations as on a sidewalk, in front of a small house and at the center of a room inside of the house. The number of test vehicles was fifteen, consisting of six motorcycles and nine passenger cars. The driving conditions were full acceleration and mild acceleration usually found in normal traffic flow. Secondly, semantic differentiation method was used. Ten pairs of adjectives were used to scale the impressions of each sound sample. Finally, physical characters of the sound samples and their subjective evaluations were compared. The results were obtained as follows. 1) Six sound samples got more uncomfortable impression at indoors. These sound samples were collected by vehicles with sport-type mufflers. 2) The samples that indoor sound quality is degraded than outdoor contain high power in low frequency range below 200 Hz. These low frequency components penetrate through the housing walls more easily than higher frequency components. 3) The degradation of comfort impression was found in mild acceleration conditions. The low frequency components of sound samples for mild acceleration are larger than those for full acceleration. Though the throttle is not fully open in mild acceleration, low engine speed generates low frequency components, and eventually increased indoor sound power in the frequency range. The conclusions drawn from these results are, 1) Indoor sound samples should be included for evaluating sound environment along highways. 2) Mild acceleration is a better driving condition for evaluating indoor sound environment along highways. In this condition, very low engine speed causes low frequency component emission that penetrate into housing more than in heavy accelerating conditions. 3) Engine exhaust systems that emit very loud low-frequency components should be focused upon in regulating traffic noise. 4) Extensive collection and analysis of housing sound insulation, absorption and resonance data along highways are necessary for further investigations. 5) Better psycho-acoustic experiment methods should be developed for investigating sound context effects on panelists.
7
Sterman, Michael, and Melody Baglione. "Simulating the Use of CO2 Concentration Inputs for Controlling Temperature in a Hydronic Radiant System." In ASME 2017 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2017-71095.
Full textAbstract:
Incorporating predictive control into heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) systems has the potential to improve occupancy comfort and reduce energy use. This paper simulates the novel use of carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration inputs to augment temperature prediction and control. An artificial neural network (ANN) model and a least mean squares (LMS) filtering algorithm are used to simulate the temperature and control of a classroom in a high performance academic building with hydronic radiant heating and cooling panels. Numerical models are populated with variables that affect the heat energy entering, leaving, and being generated in a classroom. These variables include indoor and outdoor air temperature, radiant water and supply air temperatures, and classroom CO2 concentrations. The models are compared and then used to simulate the effect of a new control system that inputs CO2 measurements to account for the heat being generated by occupants of the controlled space. Simulation results suggest that augmenting HVAC control systems with CO2 measurements has the potential to improve temperature regulation by anticipating heating and cooling demand fluctuations in spaces with abrupt changes in occupancy.
8
Tesiero, Raymond C., Nabil Nassif, Balakrishna Gokaraju, and Daniel Adrian Doss. "Intelligent Approaches for Modeling and Optimizing HVAC Systems’ Energy Use." In ASME 2017 11th International Conference on Energy Sustainability collocated with the ASME 2017 Power Conference Joint With ICOPE-17, the ASME 2017 15th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology, and the ASME 2017 Nuclear Forum. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2017-3105.
Full textAbstract:
Advanced energy management control systems (EMCS), or building automation systems (BAS), offer an excellent means of reducing energy consumption in heating, ventilating, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems while maintaining and improving indoor environmental conditions. This can be achieved through the use of computational intelligence and optimization. This paper evaluates model-based optimization processes (OP) for HVAC systems utilizing any computer algebra system (CAS), genetic algorithms and self-learning or self-tuning models (STM), which minimizes the error between measured and predicted performance data. The OP can be integrated into the EMCS to perform several intelligent functions achieving optimal system performance. The development of several self-learning HVAC models and optimizing the process (minimizing energy use) is tested using data collected from an actual HVAC system. Using this optimization process (OP), the optimal variable set points (OVSP), such as supply air temperature (Ts), supply duct static pressure (Ps), chilled water supply temperature (Tw), minimum outdoor ventilation, and chilled water differential pressure set-point (Dpw) are optimized with respect to energy use of the HVAC’s cooling side including the chiller, pump, and fan. The optimized set point variables minimize energy use and maintain thermal comfort incorporating ASHRAE’s new ventilation standard 62.1-2013. This research focuses primarily with: on-line, self-tuning, optimization process (OLSTOP); HVAC design principles; and control strategies within a building automation system (BAS) controller. The HVAC controller will achieve the lowest energy consumption of the cooling side while maintaining occupant comfort by performing and prioritizing the appropriate actions. The program’s algorithms analyze multiple variables (humidity, pressure, temperature, CO2, etc.) simultaneously at key locations throughout the HVAC system (pumps, cooling coil, chiller, fan, etc.) to reach the function’s objective, which is the lowest energy consumption while maintaining occupancy comfort.
9
Endurthy, Akhilesh Reddy, and T. Agami Reddy. "A Screening Methodology for Climatic Evaluation of the Cooling Potential of Night Ventilation in Buildings." In ASME 2012 6th International Conference on Energy Sustainability collocated with the ASME 2012 10th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2012-91032.
Full textAbstract:
Night ventilation is a well known strategy for passive cooling of residences and small commercial buildings. The building’s thermal mass can be cooled at night by ventilating the inside of the space with the relatively lower outdoor air temperatures, thereby lowering indoor temperatures during the warmer daytime period. Numerous experimental and theoretical studies have shown the effectiveness of the method to significantly reduce air conditioning loads or improve comfort levels in those climates where the night time ambient air temperature drops below that of the indoor air. One could develop/adapt computer programs with detailed mathematical component models to simulate and evaluate the performance of night ventilation strategies in a specific location for a particular building. A more basic problem is to develop a methodology whereby potential designers can screen various climatic locations and regions in order to perform a preliminary evaluation of which months of the year are good candidates for implementing such a scheme. Only after completion of such a phase is a detailed evaluation warranted for specific buildings. In this paper, effectiveness of night ventilation is quantified by a parameter called the Discomfort Reduction Factor (DRF) which is the index of reduction of occupant discomfort levels during the day time from night ventilation. Two different thermal network models which provide such insights are evaluated. Daily and monthly DRFs are calculated for two climate zones and three building heat capacities for the whole year. It is verified that night ventilation is effective in seasons and regions when day temperatures are between 30 °C and 36 °C and night temperatures are below 20 °C. The accuracy of these preliminary screening models may be lower than using a detailed simulation program but the loss in accuracy in using such tools is more than compensated by the insights provided, along with better transparency in the analysis approach and results obtained.
10
Greden, Lara V., Leon R. Glicksman, and Gabriel Lo´pez-Betanzos. "Reducing the Risk of Natural Ventilation With Flexible Design." In ASME 2006 International Solar Energy Conference. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/isec2006-99150.
Full textAbstract:
Performance uncertainty is a barrier to implementation of innovative technologies. This research investigates the potential of flexible design — one that enables future change — to improve the economic performance of a naturally ventilated building. The flexible design of the naturally ventilated building enables future installation of a mechanical cooling system by including features such as space for pipes and chillers. The benefits of the flexible design are energy savings, delay of capital costs and capability of mitigating the risk of a failed building (by installing the mechanical cooling system). To evaluate the flexible design, building energy simulation is conducted over a multi-year time period with stochastic outdoor temperature variables. One result is a probability distribution of the time when the maximum allowable indoor temperature under natural ventilation is exceeded, which may be “never.” Probability distributions are also obtained for energy savings and cost savings as compared to a mechanically cooled building. Together, these results allow decision-makers to evaluate the long-term performance risks and opportunities afforded by a flexible implementation strategy for natural ventilation. It is shown that the likelihood of future installation of mechanical cooling is most sensitive to design parameters. The impact of increased climate variability depends on the local climate. The probability of installing the mechanical system also depends on the comfort criteria. The results show that capital costs for cooling equipment are much greater than the present value of 10 years of cooling energy costs. This result motivates consideration of flexible design as opposed to hybrid cooling designs (which have immediate installation of mechanical cooling). Future work will study the impact of uncertain energy prices on investment attractiveness of naturally ventilated buildings. Other applications of the framework presented herein include replacing the building energy model with a model of another climate-dependent system, such as solar photovoltaic arrays.