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Shahzad, Sally, John Brennan, Dimitris Theodossopoulos, John K. Calautit, and Ben R. Hughes. "Does a neutral thermal sensation determine thermal comfort?" Building Services Engineering Research and Technology 39, no. 2 (January 25, 2018): 183–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0143624418754498.
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The neutral thermal sensation (neither cold, nor hot) is widely used through the application of the ASHRAE seven-point thermal sensation scale to assess thermal comfort. This study investigated the application of the neutral thermal sensation and it questions the reliability of any study that solely relies on neutral thermal sensation. Although thermal-neutrality has already been questioned, still most thermal comfort studies only use this measure to assess thermal comfort of the occupants. In this study, the connection of the occupant’s thermal comfort with thermal-neutrality was investigated in two separate contexts of Norwegian and British offices. Overall, the thermal environment of four office buildings was evaluated and 313 responses (three times a day) to thermal sensation, thermal preference, comfort, and satisfaction were recorded. The results suggested that 36% of the occupants did not want to feel neutral and they considered thermal sensations other than neutral as their comfort condition. Also, in order to feel comfortable, respondents reported wanting to feel different thermal sensations at different times of the day suggesting that occupant desire for thermal comfort conditions may not be as steady as anticipated. This study recommends that other measures are required to assess human thermal comfort, such as thermal preference. Practical application: This study questions the application of neutral thermal sensation as the measure of thermal comfort. The findings indicate that occupant may consider other sensations than neutral as comfortable. This finding directly questions the standard comfort zone (e.g. ASHRAE Standard 55) as well as the optimum temperature, as many occupants required different thermal sensations at different times of the day to feel comfortable. These findings suggest that a steady indoor thermal environment does not guarantee thermal comfort and variations in the room temperature, which can be controlled by the occupant, need to be considered as part of the building design.
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Zhou, Xiaojie, Sumei Liu, Xuan Liu, Xiaorui Lin, Ke Qing, Weizhen Zhang, Jian Li, Jiankai Dong, Dayi Lai, and Qingyan Chen. "Evaluation of Four Models for Predicting Thermal Sensation in Chinese Residential Kitchen." E3S Web of Conferences 111 (2019): 02004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201911102004.
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Thermal environment in residential kitchen in China is transient and non-uniform and with strong radiation asymmetry from gas stove. Due to the complexity of kitchen thermal environment, it is not sure if previous thermal comfort models can accurately predict the thermal comfort in residential kitchens. In order to evaluate if existing thermal comfort models can be applied for Chinese kitchens, this investigation conducted human subject tests for 20 cooks when preparing dishes in a kitchen. The study measured skin temperatures of the cooks and environmental parameters and used questionnaires to obtain their thermal sensation votes at the same time. The actual thermal sensation votes were compared with the predicted ones by four thermal comfort models: predicted mean vote (PMV) model, dynamic thermal sensation (DTS) model, the University of California at Berkeley (UCB) model, and the transient outdoor thermal comfort model from Lai et al. The results showed that all the models could predict the trend of the thermal sensations but with errors. The PMV model overpredicted the thermal sensations. The UCB and Lai’s models showed a slower change in thermal sensation votes (TSV) after turning on the stove. The DTS model was more accurate than the others in predicting the mean thermal sensation, but with a large variation in predicting individual thermal sensation votes. A better thermal comfort model should be developed for Chinese residential kitchens.
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Nakamura, Mayumi, Tamae Yoda, Larry I. Crawshaw, Saki Yasuhara, Yasuyo Saito, Momoko Kasuga, Kei Nagashima, and Kazuyuki Kanosue. "Regional differences in temperature sensation and thermal comfort in humans." Journal of Applied Physiology 105, no. 6 (December 2008): 1897–906. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.90466.2008.
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Sensations evoked by thermal stimulation (temperature-related sensations) can be divided into two categories, “temperature sensation” and “thermal comfort.” Although several studies have investigated regional differences in temperature sensation, less is known about the sensitivity differences in thermal comfort for the various body regions. In the present study, we examined regional differences in temperature-related sensations with special attention to thermal comfort. Healthy male subjects sitting in an environment of mild heat or cold were locally cooled or warmed with water-perfused stimulators. Areas stimulated were the face, chest, abdomen, and thigh. Temperature sensation and thermal comfort of the stimulated areas were reported by the subjects, as was whole body thermal comfort. During mild heat exposure, facial cooling was most comfortable and facial warming was most uncomfortable. On the other hand, during mild cold exposure, neither warming nor cooling of the face had a major effect. The chest and abdomen had characteristics opposite to those of the face. Local warming of the chest and abdomen did produce a strong comfort sensation during whole body cold exposure. The thermal comfort seen in this study suggests that if given the chance, humans would preferentially cool the head in the heat, and they would maintain the warmth of the trunk areas in the cold. The qualitative differences seen in thermal comfort for the various areas cannot be explained solely by the density or properties of the peripheral thermal receptors and thus must reflect processing mechanisms in the central nervous system.
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Md Taib, Noor Syazwanee, Sheikh Ahmad Zaki Shaikh Salim, Aya Hagishima, Waqas Khalid, Fitri Yakub, and Nurul Izzati Kamaruddin. "Pilot Study on Occupants’ Thermal Sensation at Different Ambient Temperature in Postgraduate Office with Cooling Mode in University Campus." Journal of Advanced Research in Fluid Mechanics and Thermal Sciences 78, no. 2 (December 7, 2020): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.37934/arfmts.78.2.111.
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With rapid urbanization, massive amount of energy is required to compensate the electricity usage thus calls for a need to Malaysian government issuing standard MS1525:2014 for temperature settings in office buildings to meet energy efficiency goal. In co-sharing spaces, personal thermal comfort is often not met due to the different thermal sensation at different location inside office rooms. This study was conducted at four postgraduate office spaces with cooling mode in university campus located at Kuala Lumpur to evaluate the occupant’s thermal sensation. We used different set-point temperature of air conditioning ranging from 18.0°C to 28.6°C. The indoor thermal variables such as air temperature, globe temperature, relative humidity, and air velocity are measured at each respondent’s workspace and 200 responses were recorded from ten subjects. The mean value of thermal sensations votes is -0.4 and were within comfort range. 76% of responses voted ‘neutral’ humidity sensation as occupants have adapted to humid condition in Malaysia. The comfort operative temperature found in this study is 24.9°C which indicates that the minimum recommended temperature for energy conservation did not deprive occupants from comfort.
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Federspiel, Clifford C., and Haruhiko Asada. "User-Adaptable Comfort Control for HVAC Systems." Journal of Dynamic Systems, Measurement, and Control 116, no. 3 (September 1, 1994): 474–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2899242.
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This paper describes a new approach to the control of heating, ventilating, and air-conditioning (HVAC) systems. The fundamental concept of the new approach is that the controller learns to predict the actual thermal sensation of the specific occupant by tuning parameters of a model of the occupant’s thermal sensation. The parameters are adjusted with respect to thermal sensation ratings acquired from the specific occupant and measurements of physical variables that affect thermal sensation so that with time the model accurately reflects the thermal sensation of the specific occupant. From a lumped-parameter model of a singleroom enclosure, it is shown that the stability of the nominal system can be maintained by utilizing a priori information about the parameters of the thermal sensation model. The method is implemented on a ductless, split-system heat pump. Experiments using human subjects verify the feasibility of the method.
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Zhang, Yufeng, and Rongyi Zhao. "Overall thermal sensation, acceptability and comfort." Building and Environment 43, no. 1 (January 2008): 44–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2006.11.036.
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Sasaki, Ryoji, Motohiko Yamada, Yasushi Uematsu, and Hiromu Saeki. "Comfort environment assessment based on bodily sensation in open air: relationship between comfort sensation and meteorological factors." Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics 87, no. 1 (September 2000): 93–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0167-6105(00)00018-0.
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Li, Jinwei, Lilin Zhao, Zheyao Peng, Zijian Wang, and Taotao Shui. "Study on Outdoor Thermal Comfort in the Transitional Season of Hefei." E3S Web of Conferences 165 (2020): 01026. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202016501026.
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In order to study the outdoor thermal comfort during the transition season in Hefei, a university in Hefei adopted a combination of field environmental measurements and questionnaires to study the changes in thermal sensation and thermal comfort of outdoor people before and after the transition season. The rankings of the effects of temperature, wind speed, humidity, and solar radiation on human thermal comfort were obtained through surveys, and the proportion of each parameter’s influence on human thermal comfort was analyzed. The relationship between thermal sensation and thermal comfort was analyzed, and the application was established through regression analysis Prediction model of thermal sensation in autumn and winter outdoor environment in Hefei area.
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Krawczyk, Natalia, and Sylwia Surmańska. "Analysis of Thermal Comfort in a Single-Family House in Poland." Civil and Environmental Engineering 16, no. 2 (December 1, 2020): 396–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/cee-2020-0040.
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AbstractThe article presents test research on thermal sensations, thermal preferences, as well as general thermal sensations in a single-family building. Graphs were drawn to determine the frequency of answers chosen by the respondents and the relationship between temperature and thermal sensations, as well as the influence of relative humidity on thermal sensations. A comparison was also made between the average thermal sensation vote and the PMV index, which determines the ‘predicted mean vote’ - estimated by the Fanger model. The aim of the study was to compare the actual feelings of the respondents with standard guidelines. As a result of this analysis it was found that the thermal sensations of the respondents do not comply with the adopted model included in the standard.
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Faridah, Faridah, Memory Motivanisman Waruwu, Titis Wijayanto, Rachmawan Budiarto, Raditya Cahya Pratama, Septian Eka Prayogi, Nur Muna Nadiya, and Ressy Jaya Yanti. "Feasibility study to detect occupant thermal sensation using a low-cost thermal camera for indoor environments in Indonesia." Building Services Engineering Research and Technology 42, no. 4 (February 15, 2021): 389–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0143624421994015.
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This paper concerns the feasibility study of 7 classes of thermal sensation detection in Indonesia's indoor environment using a low-cost thermal camera through face skin temperature. This study is required as an initial step to build a thermal comfort sensor system of HVAC control systems to produce a comfortable indoor environment with minimum and efficient energy use. The feasibility study was started by studying the thermoregulation system of respondents in Indonesia through measuring their body and facial skin temperatures under heating and cooling conditions, including their relationship with thermal sensations. The facial skin temperature variable, which is covered by four measurement points, namely forehead, nose, cheeks, and chin, represents the MST variable by the coefficient of determination of 0.54. The thermal sensation detection algorithm based on Artificial Neural Network (ANN) is 35.7% of accuracy. The thermal sensation questionnaire with 7 class categories is unsuitable for Indonesian respondents, and the number of the category classes predicted too much compared to the number of inputs. The detection algorithm has better accuracy with a smaller number of classes, namely 52.2% and 68.70% for the 5 and 3 classes of thermal sensation. Practical application: The air conditioning buildings system is possible to influence a thermal environmental control system to meet the occupants' thermal comfort level requirement in an indoor environment if the system is equipped with a sensor that can detect the occupants' thermal sensations. The thermal camera can be used as a non-contact sensor, detecting the occupant’s thermal sensation by reading the occupant's face skin temperature in an indoor environment.
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Zhang, Hui, Edward Arens, Charlie Huizenga, and Taeyoung Han. "Thermal sensation and comfort models for non-uniform and transient environments, part III: Whole-body sensation and comfort." Building and Environment 45, no. 2 (February 2010): 399–410. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2009.06.020.
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Fabozzi, Michael, and Alessandro Dama. "Field study on thermal comfort in naturally ventilated and air-conditioned university classrooms." Indoor and Built Environment 29, no. 6 (November 12, 2019): 851–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1420326x19887481.
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Maintaining a satisfactory thermal environment is of primary importance, especially when the goal is to maximize learning such as in schools or universities. This paper presents a field study conducted in Milan during summer 2017 in 16 classrooms of Politecnico di Milano, including both naturally ventilated (NV) and air-conditioned (AC) environments. This study asked 985 students to report their thermal perception and their responses were evaluated according to the measured thermal comfort parameters to assess the prediction as given by Fanger and adaptive models, according to ANSI/ASHRAE 55-2017 and EN 15251:2007 standards. Furthermore, an analysis regarding potential effects of gender in comfort perception was performed. The results confirmed the fitness of Fanger’s model for the prediction of occupants’ thermal sensations in AC classrooms with a reasonable accuracy. In NV classrooms, the Adaptive model was proven to be suitable for predicting students’ comfort zone according to ASHRAE 55 Standard, while the adaptive comfort temperatures recommended by EN 15251 were not acceptable for a large number of students. No significant differences in thermal comfort perception between genders have been observed, except for two NV classrooms in which females’ thermal sensation votes had resulted closer to neutrality in comparison to males, who expressed a warmer thermal sensation.
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Ongwuttiwat, Krittiya, Sudaporn Sudprasert, and Thananchai Leephakpreeda. "Determination of human thermal comfort due to moisture permeability of clothes." International Journal of Clothing Science and Technology 30, no. 4 (August 6, 2018): 462–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijcst-09-2017-0138.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to present the determination of human thermal comfort with wearing clothes, with different water vapor permeability. Currently, the predicted mean vote (PMV) equation is widely used to determine thermal sensation scales of human comfort. However, moisture permeability of clothes has been not taken in account where the heat is lost from a human body due to water vapor diffusion through clothes. Design/methodology/approach In this study, the heat loss is derived based on the real structure of textiles, causing water vapor pressure difference between air on skin and ambient air. The PMV equation is modified to differentiate a thermal sensation scale of comfort although patterns of clothes are the same. Interview tests are investigated with wearing clothes from three types of textiles: knitted polyester, coated nylon–spandex, and polyurethane, under various air conditions. Findings The moisture permeabilities of knitted polyester, coated nylon–spandex and polyurethane are 16.57×10−9 kg/m2 s•kPa, 9.15×10−9 kg/m2•s•kPa and 2.99×10−9 kg/m2•s•kPa, respectively. The interviews reveal that most people wearing knitted-polyester clothes have the greatest cold sensations under various air conditions since moisture permeability is the highest, compared to coated nylon–spandex, and polyurethane leather. Correspondingly, the predicted results of the modified PMV equation are close to the actual mean votes of interviewees with a coefficient of determination R2=0.83. On the other hand, the coefficient of determination from the predicted results of the conventional PMV equation is significantly lower than unity, with R2=0.42. Practical implications In practice, this quantitative determination on human thermal comfort gives some concrete recommendations on textile selection of clothes for acceptable satisfaction of thermal comfort under various surrounding conditions of usage. Originality/value The modified PMV equation effectively determines human comfort on a thermal sensation scale due to the moisture permeability of clothes. To make generic conclusion, experimental results of additional three textiles, such as plain weave/lining polyester, knitted spandex, and open structure polyester, are reported. They confirm that the modified PMV equation effectively determines human comfort on a thermal sensation scale due to the moisture permeability of clothes.
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Hailu, Haven, Eshetu Gelan, and Yared Girma. "Indoor Thermal Comfort Analysis: A Case Study of Modern and Traditional Buildings in Hot-Arid Climatic Region of Ethiopia." Urban Science 5, no. 3 (July 15, 2021): 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/urbansci5030053.
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Indoor thermal comfort is an essential aspect of sustainable architecture and it is critical in maintaining a safe indoor environment. Expectations, acceptability, and preferences of traditional and modern buildings are different in terms of thermal comfort. This study, therefore, attempts to evaluate the indoor thermal comforts of modern and traditional buildings and identify the contributing factors that impede or facilitate indoor thermal comfort in Semera city, Ethiopia. This study employed subjective and objective measurements. The subjective measurement is based on the ASHRAE seven-point thermal sensation scale. An adaptive comfort model was employed according to the ASHRAE standard to evaluate indoor thermal comfort. The results revealed that with regards to thermal sensational votes between −1 and +1, 88% of the respondents are satisfied with the indoor environment in traditional houses, while in modern houses this figure is 22%. Likewise, 83% of occupants in traditional houses expressed a preference for their homes to remain the same or be only slightly cooler or warmer. Traditional houses were, on average, in compliance with the 80% acceptability band of the adaptive comfort standard. The study investigated that traditional building techniques and materials, in combination with consideration of microclimate, were found to play a significant role in regulating the indoor environment.
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Udrea, Ioana, Cristiana Croitoru, Ilinca Nastase, Angel Dogeanu, and Viorel Badescu. "Thermal Comfort Analyses in Naturally Ventilated Buildings." Mathematical Modelling in Civil Engineering 10, no. 3 (September 1, 2014): 60–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/mmce-2014-0016.
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Abstract Global current requirement is to increase thermal comfort in residential and non residential buildings. A field survey was accomplished in a naturally ventilated university classroom in Bucharest, Romania, in winter and spring. Comfort parameters were measured and comfort questionnaires were distributed to the students. Questions were related to thermal sensation of the occupants. This paper compares the experimental results with the occupant’s response. It analyzes the variation of Predicted Mean Vote (PMV) and Predicted Percent of Dissatisfied (PPD) with temperature. It is made a comparison between PMV and thermal sensation vote. The results show PMV values different from Thermal Sensation Vote (TSV) values which means there is a poor approximation of indoor comfort. In conclusion the comfort parameters should be reviewed and should be proposed other evaluation methods. Possible explanations are discussed in relation with thermal regime of the buildings.
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Gwak, Jongseong, Motoki Shino, Kazutaka Ueda, and Minoru Kamata. "An Investigation of the Effects of Changes in the Indoor Ambient Temperature on Arousal Level, Thermal Comfort, and Physiological Indices." Applied Sciences 9, no. 5 (March 3, 2019): 899. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9050899.
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Thermal factors not only affect the thermal comfort sensation of occupants, but also affect their arousal level, productivity, and health. Therefore, it is necessary to control thermal factors appropriately. In this study, we aim to design a thermal environment that improves both the arousal level and thermal comfort of the occupants. To this end, we investigated the relationships between the physiological indices, subjective evaluation values, and task performance under several conditions of changes in the indoor ambient temperature. In particular, we asked subjects to perform a mathematical task and subjective evaluation related to their thermal comfort sensation and drowsiness levels. Simultaneously, we measured their physiological parameters, such as skin temperature, respiration rate, electroencephalography, and electrocardiography, continuously. We investigated the relationship between the comfort sensation and drowsiness level of occupants, and the physiological indices. From the results, it was confirmed that changes in the indoor ambient temperature can improve both the thermal comfort and the arousal levels of occupants. Moreover, we proposed the evaluation indices of the thermal comfort and the drowsiness level of occupants using physiological indices.
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Xue, Feiran, and Jingyuan Zhao. "Building Thermal Comfort Research Based on Energy-Saving Concept." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2021 (August 24, 2021): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/7132437.
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Under the trend of building green and comfortable development, effective control of building energy consumption has become one of the problems that countries are actively facing to solve. People’s demand for residential buildings has changed from the past survival type to a comfortable and livable type. The high level of heating energy consumption is worthy of in-depth study. In order to reduce energy consumption, realize the mapping of energy-saving concepts in buildings, and understand the energy consumption of different building materials and the influence of external factors on human thermal comfort, this book has conducted research on building thermal comfort based on energy-saving concepts. First of all, this article introduces the concept and application mode of energy-saving concepts in buildings and the concept of thermal comfort and the SET index of standard effective temperature, including the two-node model and the algorithm involved in the Fanger heat balance equation. In the experimental part, a model based on the concept of energy saving was designed to predict and analyze the energy consumption and thermal comfort effects of the building. In the analysis part, a comprehensive analysis of the effects of temperature, humidity, wind speed, and gender on thermal comfort, methods to improve thermal comfort, cumulative load changes with the heat transfer coefficient of windows, and the effects of windows of different materials on energy consumption was performed. At the same temperature, the wind speed is different, and the degree of heat sensation is also different. When the wind speed is 0.18 m/s and the temperature is 28°C, the thermal sensation is 0.32, and the human sensation is close to neutral. When the wind speed increases to 0.72 m/s, the heat sensation drops to −0.45, and the human body feels neutral and cool. It can be seen that the increase in wind speed has a certain compensation effect on the thermal sensation of the human body. When the wind speed does not change, increase the air temperature. For example, when the wind speed is 0.72 m/s, the temperature is 28°C, and the thermal sensation is −0.45, and when the temperature is increased to 29°C, the thermal sensation is 0.08, which shows that the temperature is improving the thermal sensation of the human body which has a certain offsetting effect. By studying the thermal comfort of buildings based on energy-saving concepts, it is possible to obtain the effect of external factors on thermal comfort, thereby optimizing building materials and using building materials with lower heat transfer coefficients to reduce heating energy consumption.
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Di, Yu Hui, Zhan Bo Wang, and Li Duan Wang. "Study on Indoor Thermal Comfort of Civil Building in Xi’an." Advanced Materials Research 243-249 (May 2011): 5013–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.243-249.5013.
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For the study of human thermal sensation in Xi'an and adaptive thermal comfort situation, the measurement of environmental parameters and questionnaires as the way to analyze and explore the indoor and outdoor weather conditions, clothing thermal resistance, thermal sensation and so on. This paper studies human thermal sensation within the civil construction and thermal neutral temperature relationship changes with the seasons. The results showed that: the study of adaptive thermal comfort, human neutral temperature and outdoor ambient temperature has a strong correlation, the resulting models in Xi'an.
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Youssef, Ali, Ahmed Youssef Ali Amer, Nicolás Caballero, and Jean-Marie Aerts. "Towards Online Personalized-Monitoring of Human Thermal Sensation Using Machine Learning Approach." Applied Sciences 9, no. 16 (August 12, 2019): 3303. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9163303.
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Thermal comfort and sensation are important aspects of building design and indoor climate control, as modern man spends most of the day indoors. Conventional indoor climate design and control approaches are based on static thermal comfort/sensation models that view the building occupants as passive recipients of their thermal environment. To overcome the disadvantages of static models, adaptive thermal comfort models aim to provide opportunity for personalized climate control and thermal comfort enhancement. Recent advances in wearable technologies contributed to new possibilities in controlling and monitoring health conditions and human wellbeing in daily life. The generated streaming data generated from wearable sensors are providing a unique opportunity to develop a real-time monitor of an individual’s thermal state. The main goal of this work is to introduce a personalized adaptive model to predict individual’s thermal sensation based on non-intrusive and easily measured variables, which could be obtained from already available wearable sensors. In this paper, a personalized classification model for individual thermal sensation with a reduced-dimension input-space, including 12 features extracted from easily measured variables, which are obtained from wearable sensors, was developed using least-squares support vector machine algorithm. The developed classification model predicted the individual’s thermal sensation with an overall average accuracy of 86%. Additionally, we introduced the main framework of streaming algorithm for personalized classification model to predict an individual’s thermal sensation based on streaming data obtained from wearable sensors.
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KUBO, Shingo, Shingo AOKI, Masayuki NAKANO, Hiroshi TSUJI, Shuki INOUE, and Eiji MIMURA. "Structural Equation Modeling for Comfort and Thermal Sensation." Journal of Japan Society for Fuzzy Theory and Intelligent Informatics 20, no. 2 (2008): 164–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.3156/jsoft.20.164.
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Velt, K. B., and H. A. M. Daanen. "Thermal sensation and thermal comfort in changing environments." Journal of Building Engineering 10 (March 2017): 42–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2017.02.004.
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Kalmár, Ferenc. "An indoor environment evaluation by gender and age using an advanced personalized ventilation system." Building Services Engineering Research and Technology 38, no. 5 (April 5, 2017): 505–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0143624417701985.
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In a closed space, appropriate thermal comfort and proper indoor air quality are extremely important in order to obtain the optimal work performance and to avoid health problems of the occupants. Using advanced personalized ventilation systems, different comfort needs can be locally satisfied even in case of warm environments. Thermal sensation and the subjective evaluation of indoor air quality of young and elderly people, men and women respectively, were studied in warm environment using advanced personalized ventilation system combined with total volume ventilation system. Using an advanced personalized ventilation system, 20 m3 h−1 air flow was alternately introduced by three air terminal devices built-in the desk and placed on a horizontal plane at the head level of the sitting subject. Thermal sensation was significantly cooler in case of young women in comparison with the other groups. Odor intensity was evaluated to be significantly lower in case of elderly women in comparison with the other groups. Evaluation of air freshness is in correlation with the general thermal sensation. Variation of the direction of the air velocity vector has a cooling side-effect, which, in warm environments, might be useful in order to improve the thermal comfort sensation. Practical application: From the basic factors that influence the thermal comfort sensation, air velocity is the one and only parameter that must be treated as a vector. The air flow velocity has an important effect on the convective heat quantity released by the human body, but the changes in the air velocity direction have a cooling side-effect. This cooling side-effect should be exploited properly in warm environments by advanced personalized ventilation systems to improve the thermal comfort sensation of the occupants without supplementary energy use.
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GUO, Zhiming, Tsuyoshi SETOGUCHI, Norihiro WATANABE, and Ke HUO. "Public Open Space Design Study on the Basis of Microclimate and Spatial Behavior in Hot and Cold Weather Conditions in Downtown Area." Modern Applied Science 12, no. 2 (January 30, 2018): 128. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/mas.v12n2p128.
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Microclimate in open space affected by the urban layouts and spatial forms plays an important role in the outdoor comfort, thus the outdoor activities based on the comfort sensation will directly affected by the microclimate. An outstanding open space should satisfy different requirements of outdoor activities and create relatively comfortable sensation.Most studies have been conducted on these relationships only above 0 Celsius degree. However, only few have focused on extreme situations in both hot and cold seasons. Therefore, from microclimate perspective, taking people’s comfort and spatial behaviors as criterions, this research discussed how the open space forms affect microclimate, thus affect comfort sensation and spatial behaviors. The outcomes may provide some useful insights for planners and architects to understand the relationship among microclimate, open space and people.Results showed that microclimate obviously affected people’s comfort. In hot season, shade and air-flow played crucial roles in outdoor comfort. People tend to stay outside in the shade and the area with higher air velocity. After sunset is popular period for outdoor activities. In cold season, at the same ambient temperature, lower air velocity raised the comfort level. Shade also had influences on comfort sensation but do not affect spatial behaviors significantly.This paper also proposes optimization design proposals of densely populated open space based on extreme microclimate and spatial behaviour.
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Zhang, Hong, Shi Gang Chu, and Yong Hui Liu. "Research and Analysis of the Effects of Building Height on Wind Vibration Sensation in High-Rise Steel Structure." Advanced Materials Research 201-203 (February 2011): 2667–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.201-203.2667.
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With social progress and technological development, especially the applications of analysis of structural material ,structural system, and construction scheme ,high-rise buildings are becoming higher, lighter and more flexible.Therefore, the paper aims to make designs in accordance with requested comfort sensation, by providing practical measures.Judging standards adopted in this paper is top maximum acceleration, along with variation trend derived from analysing comfort sensation difference between cross-wind and along-wind acceleration.
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Bourikas, Leonidas, Stephanie Gauthier, Nicholas Khor Song En, and Peiyao Xiong. "Effect of Thermal, Acoustic and Air Quality Perception Interactions on the Comfort and Satisfaction of People in Office Buildings." Energies 14, no. 2 (January 9, 2021): 333. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14020333.
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Current research on human comfort has identified a gap in the investigation of multi-domain perception interactions. There is a lack of understanding the interrelationships of different physio-socio-psychological factors and the manifestation of their contextual interactions into cross-modal comfort perception. In that direction, this study used data from a post occupancy evaluation survey (n = 26), two longitudinal comfort studies (n = 1079 and n = 52) and concurrent measurements of indoor environmental quality factors (one building) to assess the effect of thermal, acoustic and air quality perception interactions on comfort and satisfaction of occupants in three mixed-mode university office buildings. The study concluded that thermal sensation (TSV) is associated with both air quality (ASV) and noise perception (NSV). The crossed effect of the interaction of air quality and noise perception on thermal sensation was not evident. The key finding was the significant correlation of operative temperature (Top) with TSV as expected, but also with noise perception and overall acoustic comfort. Regarding the crossed main effects on thermal sensation, a significant effect was found for the interactions of (1) Top and (2) sound pressure levels (SPL30) with air quality perception respectively. Most importantly, this study has highlighted the importance of air quality perception in achieving occupants’ comfort and satisfaction with office space.
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Bourikas, Leonidas, Stephanie Gauthier, Nicholas Khor Song En, and Peiyao Xiong. "Effect of Thermal, Acoustic and Air Quality Perception Interactions on the Comfort and Satisfaction of People in Office Buildings." Energies 14, no. 2 (January 9, 2021): 333. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14020333.
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Current research on human comfort has identified a gap in the investigation of multi-domain perception interactions. There is a lack of understanding the interrelationships of different physio-socio-psychological factors and the manifestation of their contextual interactions into cross-modal comfort perception. In that direction, this study used data from a post occupancy evaluation survey (n = 26), two longitudinal comfort studies (n = 1079 and n = 52) and concurrent measurements of indoor environmental quality factors (one building) to assess the effect of thermal, acoustic and air quality perception interactions on comfort and satisfaction of occupants in three mixed-mode university office buildings. The study concluded that thermal sensation (TSV) is associated with both air quality (ASV) and noise perception (NSV). The crossed effect of the interaction of air quality and noise perception on thermal sensation was not evident. The key finding was the significant correlation of operative temperature (Top) with TSV as expected, but also with noise perception and overall acoustic comfort. Regarding the crossed main effects on thermal sensation, a significant effect was found for the interactions of (1) Top and (2) sound pressure levels (SPL30) with air quality perception respectively. Most importantly, this study has highlighted the importance of air quality perception in achieving occupants’ comfort and satisfaction with office space.
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Váz Sá, A., R. M. S. F. Almeida, H. Sousa, and J. M. P. Q. Delgado. "Numerical Analysis of the Energy Improvement of Plastering Mortars with Phase Change Materials." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2014 (2014): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/582536.
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Building components with incorporated phase change materials (PCMs) meant to increase heat storage capacity and enable stabilization of interior buildings surface temperatures, whereby influencing the thermal comfort sensation and the stabilization of the interior ambient temperatures. The potential of advanced simulation tools to evaluate and optimize the usage of PCM in the control of indoor temperature, allowing for an improvement in the comfort conditions and/or in the cooling energy demand, was explored. This paper presents a numerical and sensitivity analysis of the enthalpy and melting temperature effect on the inside building comfort sensation potential of the plastering PCM.
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Fang, Zhaosong, Hong Liu, Baizhan Li, Meilan Tan, and Oladokun Majeed Olaide. "Experimental investigation on thermal comfort model between local thermal sensation and overall thermal sensation." Energy and Buildings 158 (January 2018): 1286–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2017.10.099.
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Koranteng, Christian, Barbara Simons, and Charles Essel. "Climate responsive buildings: a comfort assessment of buildings on KNUST campus, Kumasi." Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology 17, no. 5 (August 10, 2019): 862–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jedt-03-2019-0054.
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Purpose The ever-increasing demand and consumption of energy and the effects of global warming with its long-term comrade, climate change, is obvious today than ever before. In today’s world, naturally-ventilated buildings hardly provide the satisfaction that occupants need and wish for. It’s on this backdrop that the study aims to investigate how responsive buildings on the Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana campus are to its warm humid climate and assess students thermal comfort levels. Design/methodology/approach Quantitative approach was adopted for the study. Empirical investigation was carried out using the survey approach. In total, 14 buildings (offices, classrooms and halls of residences) were assessed using the Mahoney Tables. Again, subjective thermal perceptions of occupants in the halls of residences was sought. A total of 214 valid questionnaires were used for the analysis. Findings Adaptive principles like the Mahoney Tables are not followed in recent years. Even where these principles have been followed, indoor spaces were still found to be uncomfortable. In total, 58 per cent of the occupants in all the three halls of residence voted in the comfort band: an indication unacceptable sensations. Warm sensation votes (44 per cent) was more than cool sensation votes (29 per cent). In warm sensation, 39 per cent of the subjects preferred cooler environment. The occupants felt that opening windows and the use of fans could keep them comfortable. Moreover, 48 per cent of the subjects voted that their fans and windows were effective. Originality/value The papers contribution to the body of knowledge is the provision of empirical evidence in the field of adaptive designs and thermal comfort. There is a strong indication from the results that human activities in terms of blatant disregard for laid down design principles coupled with the worsening situation of global warming is making interior spaces ever uncomfortable.
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Xie, Yongxin, Sauchung Fu, Chili Wu, and Christopher Y. H. Chao. "Influence of sinusoidal airflow and airflow distance on human thermal response to a personalized ventilation system." Indoor and Built Environment 27, no. 3 (October 12, 2016): 317–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1420326x16674064.
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Since the concept of personalized ventilation was introduced in the late 1990s, many studies on thermal comfort have been conducted and a number of parameters identified. In this research, the influence of three parameters, the airflow speed, airflow fluctuating period and a parameter which has drawn less attention in previous studies – the airflow distance between the human subject and the nozzle of the personalized ventilation device on air movement perception, thermal sensation and thermal comfort – are studied. The combinations of fluctuating period and airflow amplitude were selected based on the Power Spectrum Density method. Then 25 human subjects participated in the thermal comfort experiment, each of them underwent 54 tests of different experimental conditions and expressed their thermal feelings by completing the survey questionnaire. Our findings showed that a longer airflow distance could lead to cooler thermal sensation, but not cause any difference in thermal comfort. Changing the fluctuating period of the sinusoidal airflow from 10 s to 60 s did not cause an influence on thermal sensation, but a shorter fluctuating period could result in a higher air movement perception. When dealing with thermal comfort issues, a joint effect with airflow speed and fluctuating period occurs and this should also be considered.
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Klous, Lisa, Wouter Bergmann Tiest, Pim van Dorst, Matthijs van der Linde, and Hein Daanen. "Holes in wrist patches improve wearing comfort." International Journal of Clothing Science and Technology 31, no. 4 (August 5, 2019): 522–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijcst-07-2018-0102.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper was to investigate whether small holes in an impermeable patch at the wrist improve perceived comfort during exercise. Design/methodology/approach Nine male participants participated in this study. During the experiment, participants cycled 60 W in a hot room (35°C, 30 percent relative humidity) while an impermeable 20 cm2 patch was located on the ventral side of one wrist and at the same time a patch of identical shape with 5 mm diameter holes (17.7 percent uncovered) on the other wrist. The participants could not see the patches. Participants were forced to choose which patch they perceived as more comfortable. Chest and arm skin temperature, thermal comfort, thermal sensation and wetness perception were assessed. Findings Participants preferred 5 mm holes over no holes (p=0.017). Chest skin temperature (p=0.018) but not arm skin temperature correlates with this preference. Thermal comfort, thermal sensation and wetness perception did not differ significantly between patches. It is concluded that patches with 5 mm holes are preferred over impermeable patches during work in the heat in particular when the torso skin is warm. Originality/value The wrist is a preferred location for smart wearables. Generally, wrist bands are made of air-impermeable materials leading to sensation of wetness and discomfort. This study has shown that manufacturers should consider to make small holes in their wrist bands to optimize wearing comfort.
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Antoniadou, Panagiota, Effrosyni Giama, and Agis Papadopoulos. "Analysis of environmental aspects affecting comfort in commercial buildings." Thermal Science 22, Suppl. 3 (2018): 819–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci170921016a.
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Environmental aspects are of high priority for the identification and evaluation of the parameters that affect the design and construction of buildings. Their improvement in case of the existing European building stock while considering and maintaining the occupants? comfort sensation in high levels, is imperative for creating an environmental friendly building. The combination of those aspects can upgrade the indoor conditions leading to the creation of an appealing workspace where the well fair of the occupants is established. In this line of approach, an integrated evaluation of the indoor environmental parameters was conducted in office buildings, located in Thessaloniki, Greece, based on the occupants? comfort sensation. Main goal of the study is the determination of the existing correlations between the perceived comfort sensation and a variety of environmental parameters considered in building rating certification schemes. Those correlations can outline the weight of every aspect based on the occupants' view and also help the policy makers to accomplish the vision of an environmental sustainable, not only concerning the energy consumption but also the occupants, building.
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Tanaka, Yukari, and Sachiko Sukigara. "Coolness and Sensation of Comfort Produced Using Aerosol Spray." Journal of Textile Engineering 55, no. 6 (2009): 163–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.4188/jte.55.163.
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MURO, Keiko, and Hiroaki SAITO. "THERMAL SENSATION AND COMFORT IN NON-UNIFORM THERMAL ENVIRONMENT." AIJ Journal of Technology and Design 25, no. 61 (October 20, 2019): 1179–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.3130/aijt.25.1179.
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Amai, Hideyuki, Shin-ichi Tanabe, Takashi Akimoto, and Takeshi Genma. "Thermal sensation and comfort with different task conditioning systems." Building and Environment 42, no. 12 (December 2007): 3955–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2006.07.043.
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Yang, Wonyoung. "Effects of Noise on Indoor Thermal Sensation and Comfort." KIEAE Journal 17, no. 1 (February 28, 2017): 83–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.12813/kieae.2017.17.1.083.
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Kosmopoulos, Panagiotis, Dimitrios Galanos, Dimitrios Anastaselos, and Agis Papadopoulos. "An Assessment of the Overall Comfort Sensation in Workplaces." International Journal of Ventilation 10, no. 4 (March 2012): 311–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14733315.2012.11683958.
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Teyeme, Yetanawork, Benny Malengier, Tamrat Tesfaye, Simona Vasile, and Lieva Van Langenhove. "Comfort Evaluation of Cyclists Jerseys Using Wear Trial Test." TEKSTILEC 63, no. 4 (November 20, 2020): 263–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.14502/tekstilec2020.64.263-275.
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The aim of this study was to evaluate the wear comfort of four commercially available cycling outfits and under¬stand various subjective parameters of garments through consumer perception, which will enable the design and development of an optimized outfit. A questionnaire was developed specifically to address various key aspects such as tactile sensation, garment fit with reference to size, garment assembly, garment aesthetics (style and shape), comfort (before, during and after wearing) and overall satisfaction (relating to design of the garment and style). Three outfits were fabricated from polyester fabric and one from polyamide/elastane (80%/20%) fabric. They were assessed by four male professional cyclists (age 22−25) at various stages of a test protocol of 45 minutes total duration, of which 20 minutes was flat cycling. The four tested garments showed greater dif¬ferences between the sensorial comfort perceptions than thermophysiological comfort. The sensorial comfort sensation was found to be mainly correlated with fabric properties, fit, construction techniques and moisture sensation, whereas the thermophysiological comfort was found to be affected by the fabric characteristics, the test environment conditions and level of activity. Additionally, manual measurements showed great brand-based differences between garments of the same specified size M (medium). Overall, the polyamide/elastane jersey was perceived as a better cycling outfit than the polyester outfit. The results of this study provide guidance for the optimal design and development of professional cyclist outfits.
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Ramprasad Vittal and Subbaiyan Gnanasambandam. "Perceived Thermal Environment of NaturallyVentilated Classrooms in India." Creative Space 3, no. 2 (January 4, 2016): 149–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.15415/cs.2016.32003.
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A ield study of thermal environment in naturally ventilated classrooms was conducted in the Department of Architecture at the National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirappalli, India. The study included 176 architecture students and was conducted over ive days during the comparatively cool months of December and January. The results show that 82% of participants voted for ‘comfortable’ on the thermal sensation scale. Cross tabulation of thermal sensation and thermal preference shows that 50% of those who voted within the ‘neutral’ thermal sensation range preferred cooler temperatures and 43% wanted no change. Classroom temperature was acceptable to 85% of students and unacceptable to 15% of students. Perceived thermal sensation tends toward the cool side (mean -0.26). Regression analysis yielded a comfort zone (voting within -1 and +1) of 26.9–30.8 °C, with neutral temperature of 29.0 °C. Standard adaptive comfort models yielded lower temperature than ield indings.
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Suyono, Bambang, and Eddy Prianto. "KAJIAN SENSASI KENYAMANAN TERMAL DAN KONSUMSI ENERGI DI TAMAN SRIGUNTING KOTA LAMA SEMARANG." MODUL 18, no. 1 (May 23, 2018): 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/mdl.18.1.2018.18-25.
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An active park is indicated by the people activities and supported by the elements of street furniture. Hardware and software elements are the inside parts which play an important role in creating the comfort, wherein supported by the sustainability of the exterior gardens (outside the building) in the tropics play a very important role in the microclimate environment. The phenomenon of the relationship between conservation of ancient areas in the tropics such as Semarang city and the national energy crisis in the last decade is very interesting to be explored. As the development of instructional subject matter of Advance Landscape, Architecture Design and Building Physics in the basic of this research, our research question is: How far is the relationship between the energy profile consumption (lamp lighting) to comfort in the park?Two methods used in the field observation, the measurement of climate aspect to find out the micro climate profile and the distribution of questionnaire in the park to discover the user comfort sensation. The results found Taman Srigunting in the old city of Semarang is categorized both as a passive and active park, used for prominent activity in photography. These parks also influence the surrounding nature by decreasing the microclimate such as air temperature and humidity in the evening in the amount of 76% and 57% in the day. The air temperature went down from 34.8 C to 28.7 C. The micro climatic conditions and characteristics of energy consumption level was significant with the visitors comfort sensations, where in 56% visitors felt comfortable and only 4% felt the sensation of heat.
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Yang, Wonyoung, and Jin Yong Jeon. "Effects of Correlated Colour Temperature of LED Light on Visual Sensation, Perception, and Cognitive Performance in a Classroom Lighting Environment." Sustainability 12, no. 10 (May 15, 2020): 4051. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12104051.
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Illuminance levels have been standardized and regulated for many purposes. However, the effects of correlated colour temperature of lighting have received little attention in the field. This study investigated the effects of correlated colour temperature of lighting on the brightness sensation, lighting perception, and cognitive performance of 60 students under ambient light emitting diodes (LED) lighting conditions (CCT: 3000 K, 4000 K, and 5700 K; illuminance: 650 lx and 1050 lx) in an actual university classroom. An increase in correlated colour temperature (CCT) led to an increase in brightness sensation. However, increased CCT did not linearly increase lighting comfort. A CCT of 4000 K was considered as the optimum for lighting comfort in educational settings. But in comparison to comfort, higher levels of perceptual properties, satisfaction and acceptance were not affected by CCT from 3000 K to 5700 K. Scores on the working memory test were significantly affected by CCT and illuminance level in men only. The effects of gender appeared in glare sensation and the working memory test. Women were sensitive to glare sensation and had a lower mean score in the working memory test than men. Optimal CCT is more beneficial than increased illuminance in moderately ambient indoor lighting, as it provides better lighting comfort. Further research can look at the long-term effects of CCT on lighting perception depending on brain processing levels and more diverse and in-depth cognitive performance.
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Costa, Daniele, J. C. Guedes, and J. Santos Baptista. "Experimental assessment of thermal sensation and thermal comfort of sedentary subjects: a scoping review protocol." International Journal of Occupational and Environmental Safety 4, no. 2 (November 30, 2020): 80–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.24840/2184-0954_004.002_0006.
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Thermal comfort affects satisfaction in the workplace, which impacts work efficiency and productivity. Since office workers spend most of their working hours performing sedentary tasks, a scoping review is proposed to contextualize how thermal sensation and thermal comfort are experimentally assessed in the scientific literature. This work presents the scoping review protocol for the scoping review. It follows the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses for systematic review protocols (PRISMA-P). The scoping review will be elaborated based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for scoping reviews (PRISMA-ScR). The scoping review will consider peer-reviewed articles written in English, published or in-press. Grey literature and conference papers will be excluded. Only studies performing the experimental assessment of thermal sensation and thermal comfort of human subjects engaged in sedentary activities within homogeneous environments will be considered suitable for the scoping review. Studies will be retrieved from the Journal Storage (JSTOR), PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases. The search strategy will consist of the use of the expression ("thermal comfort" OR "therm* sensation" OR "thermosensation") AND ("sedentary" or "office work*" or "office task*"). After removing duplicates, the remaining studies will have their title, abstract, and keywords screened. Studies meeting the eligibility criteria will be selected for full-text screening. Data items will be summarized using summary tables, and their reporting will consider the PRISMA-ScR checklist. The scoping review aims to summarize the existing scientific evidence and identify research needs to experimentally assess the thermal sensation and the thermal comfort of subjects performing sedentary tasks.
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Lu, Siliang, Weilong Wang, Shihan Wang, and Erica Cochran Hameen. "Thermal Comfort-Based Personalized Models with Non-Intrusive Sensing Technique in Office Buildings." Applied Sciences 9, no. 9 (April 28, 2019): 1768. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9091768.
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Heating, ventilation and air-conditioning (HVAC) systems play a key role in shaping the built environment. However, centralized HVAC systems cannot guarantee the provision of a comfortable thermal environment for everyone. Therefore, a personalized HVAC system that aims to adapt thermal preferences has drawn much more attention. Meanwhile, occupant-related factors like skin temperature have not had standardized measurement methods. Therefore, this paper proposes to use infrared thermography to develop individual thermal models to predict thermal sensations using three different feature sets with the random forest (RF) and support vector machine (SVM). The results have shown the correlation coefficients between clothing surface temperature and thermal sensation are 11% and 3% higher than those between skin temperature and thermal sensation of two subjects, respectively. With cross-validation, SVM with a linear kernel and penalty number of 1, as well as RF with 50 trees and the maximum tree depth of 3 were selected as the model configurations. As a result, the model trained with the feature set, consisting of indoor air temperature, relative humidity, skin temperature and clothing surface temperature, and with linear kernel SVM has achieved 100% recall score on test data of female subjects and 95% recall score on that of male subjects.
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Sevilgen, Gökhan, Gürcan Sayaral, Muhsin Kiliç, and Halil Bayram. "Investigation of Thermal Sensation in a Railway Vehicle during Cooling Period." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2674, no. 10 (July 2, 2020): 461–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198120935874.
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The paper presents an investigation of local thermal comfort of passengers in a railway vehicle. The railway vehicle model includes five different parts called modules, and each module had different properties such as passenger capacity and seating arrangement. A virtual manikin model was developed and added to the numerical model which includes convection and radiation heat transfer between the human body and the environment. The numerical simulation was conducted according to the EN 14750-1 standard describing the thermal comfort conditions for different climatic zones. Two different cases were performed for steady-state conditions. Meanwhile, measurements were taken in a railway vehicle cabin to validate the numerical simulation, and the numerical results were in good agreement with the experimental data. It is observed that the local heat transfer characteristics of the human body have significant importance for the design of an effective heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) system because each module had different heat transfer and air flow characteristics. It is also shown that the thermal sensation (TSENS) index helps railway vehicle HVAC researchers to determine the reasons for discomfort zones of each occupant. Another important result is that using a single air flow channel did not meet the thermal comfort demands of all passengers in this railway vehicle. Therefore, multiple air flow channel design configurations should be considered and developed for these vehicles. Local thermal comfort models allow HVAC systems to achieve better comfort conditions with energy saving. The numerical model can be used for effective module design, including seating arrangements, to achieve better thermal comfort conditions.
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Enescu, Diana. "Models and Indicators to Assess Thermal Sensation Under Steady-state and Transient Conditions." Energies 12, no. 5 (March 4, 2019): 841. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12050841.
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The assessment of thermal sensation is the first stage of many studies aimed at addressing thermal comfort and at establishing the related criteria used in indoor and outdoor environments. The study of thermal sensation requires suitable modelling of the human body, taking into account the factors that affect the physiological and psychological reactions that occur under different environmental conditions. These aspects are becoming more and more relevant in the present context in which thermal sensation and thermal comfort are represented as objectives or constraints in a wider range of problems referring to the living environment. This paper first considers the models of the human body used in steady-state and transient conditions. Starting from the conceptual formulations of the heat balance equations, this paper follows the evolution occurred during the years to refine the models. This evolution is also marked by the availability of increasingly higher computational capability that enabled the researchers developing transient models with a growing level of detail and accuracy, and by the validation of the models through experimental studies that exploit advanced technologies. The paper then provides an overview of the indicators used to characterise the local and overall thermal sensation, indicating the relations with local and overall thermal comfort.
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Csáky, Kalmár, and Kalmár. "Operation Testing of an Advanced Personalized Ventilation System." Energies 12, no. 9 (April 26, 2019): 1596. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12091596.
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Using personalized ventilation systems in office buildings, important energy saving might be obtained, which may improve the indoor air quality and thermal comfort sensation of occupants at the same time. In this paper, the operation testing results of an advanced personalized ventilation system are presented. Eleven different air terminal devices were analyzed. Based on the obtained air velocities and turbulence intensities, one was chosen to perform thermal comfort experiments with subjects. It was shown that, in the case of elevated indoor temperatures, the thermal comfort sensation can be improved considerably. A series of measurements were carried out in order to determine the background noise level and the noise generated by the personalized ventilation system. It was shown that further developments of the air distribution system are needed.
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Žuraulis, Vidas, Robertas Pečeliūnas, and Ginas Jakutis. "SEMI-ACTIVE SUSPENSION INFLUENCE ON COMFORT SENSATION OF A VEHICLE OCCUPANT." Agricultural Engineering 46, no. 1 (September 10, 2014): 116–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/ageng.2014.011.
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This article presents an analysis of a modern-day vehicle semi-active suspension performance impact on comfort properties of its occupant. Vehicles chosen for the investigation had two different suspension-driving options, characterized as Comfort and Sport modes. These options change such vehicle parameters as suspension stiffness, algorithm of gearbox operation, and sensitivity of the steering system. Altering these two modes while driving at different speeds and on different road surfaces, vertical accelerations, affecting the occupant seat, were measured. Experiments and data processing were carried out according to ISO 2631-1 standard. After filtering the aforementioned vertical accelerations, the occupant comfort sensation was expressed as the vibration dose value (VDV) and the root mean square (RMS) of vibration acceleration value. Once the fast Fourier transform (FFT) was applied and vertical accelerations were converted to the frequency domain, spectral analysis of accumulated measurements was performed. After evaluating the comfort of an occupant, a summary of the vehicle suspension-driving mode influence is presented.
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Krawczyk, Natalia. "Thermal comfort in the low energy building - validation and modification of the Fanger model." E3S Web of Conferences 246 (2021): 15003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202124615003.
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Nowadays, we spend most of our time inside buildings. Thus, ensuring adequate thermal comfort is an important issue. The paper discusses the issue of thermal comfort assessment in the intelligent low energy building “Energis” of Kielce University of Technology (Poland). The tests conducted in a selected lecture theater focused on collecting anonymous questionnaires containing thermal sensation and air quality votes of the respondents as well as performing measurements of indoor air parameters (air and globe temperatures, relative humidity, air velocity and CO2 concentration). Based on the obtained data a comparison has been done between the actual sensation votes of the volunteers and the calculation results performed with the Fanger thermal comfort model. Two indices have been considered in the paper: PMV (Predicted Mean Vote) and PPD (Predicted Percentage Dissatisfied). A modification of the model has also been proposed, which considers the impact of the carbon dioxide concentration on thermal comfort.
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Zhang, JinJin, Hong Liu, YuXin Wu, Shan Zhou, and MengJia Liu. "Neural network-based thermal comfort prediction for the elderly." E3S Web of Conferences 237 (2021): 02022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202123702022.
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Machine learning technology has become a hot topic and is being applied in many fields. However, in the prediction of thermal sensation in the elderly, there is not enough research on the neural network to predict the effect of human thermal comfort. In this paper, two neural network algorithms were used to predict the thermal expectation of the elderly, and the accuracy of the two algorithms was compared to find a suitable neural network algorithm to predict human thermal comfort. The dataset was collected from the laboratory study and included 10 local skin temperatures of the subjects, thermal perception voted at three temperatures (28/30/32°C), different wind speeds, and two forms of wind. Thirteen subjects with an average age of 63.5 years old were recruited for the subjective survey. These subjects sat for long periods of summer working conditions, wore uniform thermal resistance clothing, and collected votes on thermal sensation, as well as skin temperature. The results showed that the prediction accuracy of the two algorithms was related to the added influence factors, and the RBF neural network algorithm was the most accurate in predicting thermal sensation of the elderly. The main influencing factors were average skin temperature, wind speed and body fat rate.
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Kumar, Pardeep, and Amit Sharma. "Assessing The Thermal Comfort Conditions In Open Spaces: A Transversal Field Survey On The University Campus In India." International Journal of Built Environment and Sustainability 8, no. 3 (August 30, 2021): 77–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.11113/ijbes.v8.n3.786.
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Outdoor thermal comfort (OTC) promotes the usage frequency of public places, recreational activities, and people's wellbeing. Despite the increased interest in OTC research in the past decade, less attention has been paid to OTC research in cold weather, especially in arid regions. The present study investigates the OTC conditions in open spaces at the campus area in the arid region. The study was conducted by using subjective surveys(questionnaire) and onsite monitoring (microclimate parameters). The study was conducted at the Deenbandhu Chhotu Ram University of Science and Technology, Murthal, Haryana-India campus during the cold season of 2019. The timings of surveys were between 9:00 and 17:00 hours. The authors processed the 185 valid questionnaire responses of the respondents to analyze OTC conditions. Only 8.6% of the respondents marked their perceived sensation "Neutral." Regression analysis was applied between respondents' thermal sensations and microclimate parameters to develop the empirical thermal sensation model. The air temperature was the most dominant parameter affecting the sensations of the respondents. The empirical model indicated that by increasing air temperature, relative humidity, and solar radiation, the thermal sensations also increased while wind speed had an opposite effect. Physiological equivalent temperature (PET) was applied for assessing the OTC conditions; the neutral PET range was found to be 18.42-25.37°C with a neutral temperature of 21.89°C. The preferred temperature was 21.99 °C by applying Probit analysis. The study's findings could provide valuable information in designing and planning outdoor spaces for educational institutions in India's arid regions