Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Comité Regional de la Sierra'

Assemblages of Paleozoic age and less significant Triassic and possibly Cretaceous-Tertiary volcanic rocks constitute the Sierra El Aliso, 186 km east-southeast of Hermosillo, Sonora. The Paleozoic section consists of approximately 2000 m of allochthonous Ordovician to Permian pelagic and hemipelagic deposits that accumulated in continental slope, continental rise and ocean floor (?) environments. The lower Paleozoic is characterized by graptolitic black shale and radiolarian chert, quartzite, argillite and local limestone. The upper Paleozoic is predominantly turbidite carbonates rich in benthonic foraminifera, and conodont faunas, subordinate bedded chert, siltstone, sandstone and chert-clast conglomerate. After Early Permian time, but prior to the deposition of the Late Triassic Barranca Group the Paleozoic section was imbricated along south-southeast vergent thrust faults. The Triassic rocks unconformably overlie the Paleo-zoic strata and all thrust faults. The Triassic and older rocks are overlain by the Cretaceous-Tertiary volcanics.

Over recent decades, civil wars in Africa have taken millions of lives and caused widespread destruction of whole states and regions. The living standards of peoples residing in such states in Africa which have been devastated by war are often deplorable, with violence, disease and poverty characterising life there. Lawlessness is another feature of such wars, making these states optimal places for international terrorist groups to operate in, and from. For both the above reasons, the West should not turn a blind eye to this issue. These wars that have occurred in a number of African states, including Rwanda, Sierra Leone, the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) and Sudan, have often become regionalised with surrounding states increasingly becoming involved. This is particularly the case when economic gain can be sought through involvement in the civil war. The introduction of regional actors into domestic civil wars frequently serves to intensify and prolong the conflict, through an increase of arms and troops entering the fighting. The surrounding state actors largely claim to be involved for political reasons, namely to provide security to their own state. However, numerous credible reports have shown that vast plundering of natural resources has been carried out in war-time by surrounding states in the war-torn state. Consequently, this thesis examines the motives of surrounding state actors when deciding to participate in domestic civil wars of their neighbours. To do this, I compile case studies on both Sierra Leone and the Democratic Republic of Congo since both states had been ravaged by violent and drawn-out civil wars involving regional actors. Furthermore, the regional actors in both cases (Liberia in Sierra Leone, and particularly Rwanda, Uganda, Zimbabwe in the DRC) have been accused of participating in the wars for economic gain. The case studies showed that while political motivations largely drive the initial decision by regional actors to participate in civil wars in their region, it is subsequently economic gain that both allows and compels them to continue their involvement in the civil war. Henceforth, in the final chapter, I put investigate policy suggestions for the future including: prevention of resources being used to fuel warfare through controlling their access to legitimate channels; the use of aid to reduce the likelihood of those in poverty turning to war in pursuit of sustenance, including opportunities to target aid and use compliance with particular peace agreements as a prerequisite for attaining the funding; diversification of the economies of these weak states through development assistance to reduce risks produced by a high dependency on primary commodity exports for income and financial sanctions in the form of freezing of assets or asset blocking. These policy suggestions seek to address both the political and economic motivations of the surrounding state actors in participating in civil wars in Africa.

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O presente trabalho apresenta novos dados geológicos adquiridos na porção oeste do cinturão móvel Sierra de la Ventana, localizada 550 Km a sul de Buenos Aires, Argentina. Geologicamente está inserida sobre a porção sul do Cráton Rio de La Plata. As rochas análogas a este cinturão gonduânico encontram-se nas Ihas Malvinas, na África do Sul, na Antártica e na Austrália. A Sierra de La Ventana é constituida por um embasamento meta-ígneo do fim do Neoproterozoico ao Cambriano, e rochas metassedimentares depositadas entre o Ordoviciano e o Permiano. Ambas unidades foram deformadas e metamorfisadas durante o Paleozoico Superior formando o orógeno Gondwanides. A analise das estruturas deformacionais permitiu a caracterização de duas fases de deformação na área. A primeira fase (D1) de caráter dúctil-rúptil, gerou dobras e falhas reversas NW-SE, concomitantemente a um metamorfismo de baixo grau com temperatura máxima em torno de 300°C, estimada pelas microestruturas de deformação em quartzo. Três clivagens metamórficas na escala microscópica foram descritas nos meta-pelitos, interpretadas como produto da primeira fase de deformação (D1). Nenhuma feição de redobramento foi observada na macro-escala. A partir da análise cinemática e do cálculo dos vetores de compressão s1, s2 e s3, foi possível reconhecer planos de falha que não se adequam ao regime de esforços vigentes durante a fase de deformação (D1), cuja a compressão tem orientação NE-SW. Por isso foram interpretados como pertencentes a uma segunda fase de deformação (D2), puramente rúptil e bem menos expressiva que a primeira fase (D1) com compressão de orientação NW-SE. A análise cinemática e dinâmica das estruturas das fases D1 e D2 indicam que ambas se desenvolveram em um regime de deformação coaxial, sem rotação. Houve uma mudança de quase 90° em torno do eixo X cartesiano no sentido anti-horário em relação a posição de s1 e s2 nas duas fases, e em torno de 30° no eixo Y também no sentido anti-horário em relação a s1 e s3. A ausência de estruturas intermediárias aos campos de tensão das fases D1 e D2, sugere que são fases deformacionais distintas.

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O presente trabalho apresenta novos dados geológicos adquiridos na porção oeste do cinturão móvel Sierra de la Ventana, localizada 550 Km a sul de Buenos Aires, Argentina. Geologicamente está inserida sobre a porção sul do Cráton Rio de La Plata. As rochas análogas a este cinturão gonduânico encontram-se nas Ihas Malvinas, na África do Sul, na Antártica e na Austrália. A Sierra de La Ventana é constituida por um embasamento meta-ígneo do fim do Neoproterozoico ao Cambriano, e rochas metassedimentares depositadas entre o Ordoviciano e o Permiano. Ambas unidades foram deformadas e metamorfisadas durante o Paleozoico Superior formando o orógeno Gondwanides. A analise das estruturas deformacionais permitiu a caracterização de duas fases de deformação na área. A primeira fase (D1) de caráter dúctil-rúptil, gerou dobras e falhas reversas NW-SE, concomitantemente a um metamorfismo de baixo grau com temperatura máxima em torno de 300°C, estimada pelas microestruturas de deformação em quartzo. Três clivagens metamórficas na escala microscópica foram descritas nos meta-pelitos, interpretadas como produto da primeira fase de deformação (D1). Nenhuma feição de redobramento foi observada na macro-escala. A partir da análise cinemática e do cálculo dos vetores de compressão s1, s2 e s3, foi possível reconhecer planos de falha que não se adequam ao regime de esforços vigentes durante a fase de deformação (D1), cuja a compressão tem orientação NE-SW. Por isso foram interpretados como pertencentes a uma segunda fase de deformação (D2), puramente rúptil e bem menos expressiva que a primeira fase (D1) com compressão de orientação NW-SE. A análise cinemática e dinâmica das estruturas das fases D1 e D2 indicam que ambas se desenvolveram em um regime de deformação coaxial, sem rotação. Houve uma mudança de quase 90° em torno do eixo X cartesiano no sentido anti-horário em relação a posição de s1 e s2 nas duas fases, e em torno de 30° no eixo Y também no sentido anti-horário em relação a s1 e s3. A ausência de estruturas intermediárias aos campos de tensão das fases D1 e D2, sugere que são fases deformacionais distintas. Palavras-chave: Paleozóico, Deformação dúctil-rúptil, Gondwanides, Sierra de La Ventana, microestruturas em quartzo.

This thesis investigates the role of regional organizations in peacemaking and peacekeeping, particularly on the effects of peace agreement duration. This is important because the United Nations has been traditionally seen as the default international peacekeeping force but recently, more responsibility is being given to regional organizations. This study hypothesizes that regional organizations' ability to clear commitment problems, create specific agreements, and willingness to enforce agreements make them the most effective third parties to deal with many conflicts. However, the study also hypothesizes that regional organizations are less fit to mediate conflicts based around ethnicity, identity, or religious disparities. By utilizing a mixture of logistic regression and case studies, the results illustrate that regional organizations are an essential asset to creating agreements that elongate the duration of peace. In testing for the partiality of regional organizations, the specifics of agreements made, the willingness and capabilities of enforcement, the reason for the conflict and the institutionalization of the organization, quantitative and qualitative results illustrate that regional organizations are a valid tool for conflict management.
M.A.
Masters
Political Science
Sciences
Political Science; International Studies

En los últimos años, el Comité de Gestión del Área de Conservación Regional Alto Nanay-Pintuyacu-Chambira en Loreto, ha logrado consolidarse como un espacio de participación y representación de las comunidades de la zona, sugiriendo que el modelo de co-gestión en las ACR resulta beneficioso para los diversos actores involucrados y constituiría una herramienta de participación eficaz en un entorno donde la gestión de los recursos naturales resulta fundamental para la vida de las comunidades de la zona. Parece tratarse de una experiencia de creación de capital social que crece y se fortalece con su uso. La presente investigación constituye un estudio de caso que busca identificar las principales características de la participación del Comité de Gestión del Área de Conservación Regional Alto Nanay-Pintuyacu-Chambira (Loreto), como actor involucrado en el proceso de elaboración del Plan Maestro y como facilitador de la participación eficaz de los actores sociales, políticos y económicos del ACR, a través del análisis de su funcionamiento y de sus interrelaciones con otros actores de la zona, con el fin de contribuir al conocimiento de las dinámicas de participación formal de comunidades campesinas y nativas en áreas de gran biodiversidad de la Amazonía peruana. Asimismo, de manera general, la investigación explora los vínculos entre la participación comunitaria y la gestión de un Área de Conservación Regional, poniendo énfasis en los conceptos de co-gestión, institucionalidad y capital social, los cuales sirven de paraguas para realizar el análisis del Comité de Gestión como actor social que permite el involucramiento de la población en la gestión de un territorio con gran biodiversidad. La institucionalidad-legitimidad, los conocimientos-capacidades, así como la articulación interinstitucional, son las tres dimensiones empleadas para conocer el desempeño real del Comité de Gestión en términos de co-gestión del ACR-ANPCH, así como los principales problemas o retos que enfrenta. De esta manera, puede apreciarse que el Comité de Gestión constituye una figura de participación que goza de institucionalidad y legitimidad en al ACR-ANPCH, cuyos miembros poseen conocimientos vinculados principalmente al proceso de elaboración del Plan Maestro y que han cumplido un importante rol articulador entre las diferentes instancias de gestión del ACR. Sin embargo, también queda claro que el Comité de Gestión enfrenta serios retos, relacionados especialmente con su sostenibilidad financiera y con la etapa de implementación del Plan Maestro una vez que sea aprobado.

El trabajo aborda el problema de los incendios forestales, utilizando como área piloto del Parque Regional de Sierra Espuña y su entorno, generando un Sistema de Información Geográfica (SIG) que incorpora variables climáticas, topográficas, de vegetación y humanas vinculadas directa o indirectamente con los incendios forestales; se implementan índices y modelos de riesgo y simulaciones del comportamiento del fuego con fines predictivos. Se estudian los incendios forestales desde una doble perspectiva: por un lado se confecciona una cartografía detallada del riesgo de incendios en la zona, estableciendo niveles de riesgo en función de un índice resultante de la combinación de los factores que intervienen en el inicio y posterior desarrollo del incendio. Por otro se realizan simulaciones sobre el comportamiento más previsible del fuego, bajo las condiciones particulares del área. También se analizan las posibilidades que ofrecen las imágenes de satélite como complemento para el estudio de incendios forestales.

The terms "core" and "periphery" have a long history of use for describing regional variability in the archaeological record. Contemporary theories for the late prehistoric in the Greater Southwest often follow this tradition, postulating underlying social processes that created this division. This dissertation examines the assumptions and the evidence for theories of long-distance social interaction by considering the prehistory of the Northern Sierra, a region in the south-central Greater Southwest located in northwestern Chihuahua, northeastern Sonora, southwestern New Mexico, and southeastern Arizona. Paquime (sometimes called Casas Grandes) in Chihuahua is widely considered to be the core of late prehistoric developments in the Northern Sierra. The history of research and interpretation of the region are carefully considered, an analysis that demonstrates the inadequacies of current data and theory. New frameworks will be needed to resolve disputed issues. Towards this end, evidence of interaction at Paquime is examined by analyzing the quantity and distribution of nonlocal ceramics within the site. These probable exchange items are found to be relatively rare and their distribution diffuse, indicating acquisition was largely casual and infrequent. Attention is then focused on the postulated periphery by examining the upper San Bernardino Valley in the extreme southeastern corner of Arizona. Data collected for this examination includes survey within the Valley and excavation of the late prehistoric Boss Ranch Site (AZ FF:7:10 (ASM)). The interpretive concerns that are addressed include (1) population movements, (2) external influences on settlement systems, (3) trade and interaction, and (4) the influences of subsistence systems. The analysis revealed no evidence of population intrusion from the "core" and few aspects of local material culture that could be ascribed to Paquime. Exchange items are rare, and the probable sources include many areas besides the zone around Paquime. Furthermore, excavation data suggest that settlements may have been occupied repeatedly for short periods. This undermines notions of stable core and periphery interaction by indicating the absence of surplus crops, stable social alliances, and hierarchical settlement systems in the region.

Doctor en Ciencias, Mención Geología
The Sierra Baguales Mountain Range (SBMR) forms the eastern foothills of the Patagonian Andes located between 50º and 51º S, topographically isolated from the Southern Patagonian Icefield (SPIF) and under the influence of the Westerly Winds. Its landscape shows glacial deposits and morphologies, potentially useful for the reconstruction of the Pleistocene Holocene glaciations, which occurred in the vicinity of the Patagonian Ice Cap, and possibly showed individual responses to environmental change after the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). Using simple and multivariate statistical methods, the morphometry of 143 glacial cirques, distributed between the current eastern limit of the SPIF and the easternmost SBMR, approximately 200 km from the Pacific coast, was analyzed. For the latter sector, using photo-interpretation, Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and field work, the first glacial and periglacial geomorphological map of the area was constructed. The relationship between the Geological Strength Index (GSI), rainfall gradient, and cirque areas, which were occupied and eroded by former alpine glaciers, was also established. To this end, theoretical profiles of the ice topography, based on a perfect plasticity model, were developed. Ages of local environmental changes were estimated using 14C dating. Equilibrium Line Altitude (ELA) variations were interpreted based on geomorphological evidence and the accumulation area ratio (AAR).The lowering of the ELA was converted to the change in temperature by multiplying it with an average atmospheric lapse rate. For the SBMR, it is possible to recognize two glaciation levels which rise towards the interior of continent. Their spatial distribution and elevation were controlled by tectonic factors (Andean uplift), the rainfall gradient and the climate contrast from east (temperate maritime) to west (dry cold), present in southern Patagonia since the LGM. The lower group of glacial cirques is distributed in the lower areas of the main valleys. These have no current evidence of snow or glacial processes and have been subject to fluvial erosion and gravitational processes. These cirques can be associated with outlet glacier advance of the Patagonian Ice Cap during the Holocene, and were probably partially or completely covered with ice during the LGM or prior glaciations. On the other hand, the upper group of glacial cirques is located east of the SPIF and mainly in the eastern section of the SBMR. Their size is reduced progressively to the east due to the increased resistance of the rocks on which they developed and the regional rainfall gradient. These cirques show evidence of lateral and frontal moraines of alpine glaciers, some of which are currently active. This cirque group corresponds to those glaciers that remained after the middle Holocene, favored by a gentle slope and aspect, in addition to low temperatures prevailing in the highest marginal sections of the SPIF and particularly the SBMR. Radiocarbon ages can be considered as evidence of environmental change linked to the temperature decrease and rainfall increment resulting from the latitudinal shift and the increase in strength of the Westerly Winds during the middle Holocene. For the SBMR, where the local atmospheric temperature from the Tardiglacial was approximately 3.8±0.8°C colder than today, temperatures possibly remained lower in relation to the regional context, mainly due to the cold and dry climate prevailing towards the interior of the continent, and the elevation of the basins where the former alpine glaciers were located, which eventually advanced and coalesced to form a small Icefield. Such advances could be related to variations in the Frias Lobe, at the same latitude of the SBMR but closer to the SPIF eastern margin.

Political Science
Ph.D.
The current scale and scope of peacekeeping missions is unprecedented and with this increasing reliance on peacekeeping as a tool to manage threats to peace and security come questions about who should keep the peace. Is it, as many assume, the United Nations? Is it a regional organization, such as the African Union? Or is it an individual state? Each of these different types of peacekeeping operations have different strengths and weaknesses associated with them in terms of legitimacy, institutional capacity, local and regional awareness, resources, and military effectiveness. This dissertation analyzes types of peacekeeping operations to determine which is the most effective in restoring peace and stability and why. I use a structured, focused comparative case study methodology to examine eight cases of peacekeeping, across two countries, the Democratic Republic of Congo and Sierra Leone, each of which has been subject to all three types of peacekeeping operations. This approach allows me to hold a number of control variables constant, providing a clear test of the impact of the type of intervention. I found that the type of PKO makes a difference to the success or failure of that mission. PKOs run by lead states are more likely to be successful because they are more willing to use force and they are more likely to have the resources and capabilities necessary to implement that force. Further, I found that two types of PKOs working together can use their strengths to compensate for each other’s weaknesses. I also present a quantitative study with a larger sample size that both substantiates my findings and allows me to generalize them to a wider universe of cases.
Temple University--Theses

Esta Tesis Doctoral se centra en caracterizar la estructura, formación y evolución deformacional y cinemática del anticlinal de Puerta-Pareja en su contexto regional (cinturones de pliegues y cabalgamientos de la cuenca de Loranca y Sierra de Altomira, SW Cadena Ibérica), así como valorar las condiciones de la zona del anticlinal de Puerta-Pareja como posible reservorio para el almacenamiento geológico de CO2. La integración de varios métodos ha permitido superar las limitaciones de cada uno de los estudios individuales aplicados a la zona de estudio. A escala regional se realizó un corte regional E-W y su restitución 2D, el análisis de la historia deformacional a partir de datos de anisotropía de la susceptibilidad magnética (ASM) y el análisis de datos paleomagnéticos y estructurales para detectar posibles rotaciones de eje vertical. A escala local se realizó la reconstrucción 3D del anticlinal de Puerta-Pareja a partir de datos sísmicos, sondeos y de superficie, la restitución de las superficies 3D reconstruidas y el análisis de sus patrones de fracturación. Los resultados del análisis de ASM muestran que las orientaciones de acortamiento paralelo a las capas (layer-parallel shortening) durante la formación de los pliegues y cabalgamientos de Altomira-Loranca en sus sectores Central y Norte fueron aproximadamente E-W, ya evidente durante el depósito de los materiales pre-tectónicos cenozoicos. La integración de datos paleomagnéticos, estructurales y datos previos de otros autores permite concluir que las estructuras en el sector Sur de la cuenca de Loranca se formaron en secuencia de bloque inferior simultáneamente a una rotación de eje vertical de 21º en sentido anti-horario, en el sector Norte las estructuras de la Sierra de Altomira y cuenca de Loranca se formaron en secuencia de bloque superior y durante el Mioceno experimentaron una rotación de eje vertical de 17º en sentido horario, y las estructuras del sector central no rotaron. Por tanto, la oblicuidad de las estructuras de Altomira y Loranca respecto a la Rama Castellano-Valenciana de la Cadena Ibérica es primaria en el sector Central del área estudiada, donde las estructuras se orientan N-S, y en los sectores Norte y Sur la desviación que muestran las estructuras respecto a la orientación N-S (orientaciones NNE-SSW y NNW-SSE, respectivamente) es secundaria. En el sector Sur de la zona estudiada, se observan desacoples de la deformación a favor del nivel de despegue regional entre las estructuras de basamento y cobertera, debido a la rotación de eje vertical de los materiales de la cobertera. Por otro lado, estos estudios permiten precisar la influencia de la Fm. Villalba de la Sierra (Campaniense-Luteciense) en la evolución estructural: mediante su deformación interna inhibió la propagación de varios cabalgamientos hacia unidades superiores y generó desarmonías entre las unidades superiores e inferiores a ella. Se interpretan los efectos de la terminación del nivel de despegue regional (facies Keuper) y de contrafuerte (buttressing) causado por la falla de basamento de Sacedón como los principales condicionantes de la existencia de deformación en secuencia de bloque superior en el sector Norte de Altomira-Loranca. La reconstrucción 3D y la restitución de superficies 3D realizadas en la zona de Puerta-Pareja permiten determinar que el anticlinal de Puerta-Pareja, de orientación general NNE-SSW, se desarrolló fundamentalmente asociado al cabalgamiento de Pareja, de igual orientación, como pliegue de propagación de falla nucleado inicialmente como pliegue de despegue. En el sector Norte del anticlinal, sobre el cabalgamiento de Pareja se desarrolló un cabalgamiento menor, el de La Puerta, lo que define en este sector una configuración de steep-limb breakthrough. El flanco caudal del anticlinal está cortado por otro cabalgamiento menor, el cabalgamiento de Viana, de orientación NNE-SSW, y en el extremo oriental del área estudiada se desarrollaron los cabalgamientos de Villaescusa y Peralveche, de orientación NW-SE. Todos estos cabalgamientos despegaron en los materiales del Keuper, en secuencia de bloque superior. En conjunto, tanto el número de cabalgamientos como sus acortamientos asociados aumentan hacia el Norte. Se interpreta que este aumento se generaría para acomodar la rotación regional horaria experimentada por el conjunto del sector Norte de Altomira-Loranca. Finalmente, la reconstrucción y restitución 3D realizadas han permitido descartar la existencia de ninguna estructura (anticlinal, falla o alto estructural) en el basamento bajo el anticlinal de Puerta-Pareja. Se descarta, por tanto, la existencia de una trampa estructural en el basamento adecuada para el almacenamiento de CO2. La fracturación en el anticlinal de Puerta-Pareja se caracteriza fundamentalmente por dos familias de fracturas, una longitudinal y otra transversal al eje del pliegue, formadas durante el estadio inicial de plegamiento. A partir de las relaciones cronológicas y geométricas entre las rotaciones de eje vertical y las fracturas, se interpreta que el anticlinal de Puerta-Pareja se generó inicialmente con una orientación N-S, perpendicular a la dirección de transporte tectónico regional E-W, y que posteriormente, a causa de pequeñas diferencias locales en la cantidad de rotación en sentido horario experimentada, se generaron las variaciones locales en la orientación del anticlinal de Puerta-Pareja que se observan actualmente.
This Thesis aims to characterize the formation and deformational and kinematic evolution of the Altomira and Loranca fold-and-thrust belts (Altomira Range and Loranca basin, SW Iberian Chain, Central Spain) and the structural configuration and evaluation as a potential reservoir for CO2 sequestration of the Puerta-Pareja anticline, located in the northern sector of the Loranca basin. Several methods were integrated in order to overcome the limitations of every single study in the studied area and to achieve the proposed objetives. Thus, at regional scale, a E-W cross-section and its 2D restoration, an analysis of the anisotropy of the magnetic susceptibility (AMS) and a paleomagnetic analysis were performed and, focused on the Puerta-Pareja anticline, its 3D reconstruction and restoration and analysis of its fracturation were conducted. The results of the AMS analysis show a general E-W layer-parallel shortening orientation during and shortly prior to the formation of Altomira and Loranca fold-and-thrust belts. Paleomagnetic data from Middle Eocene to Lower Miocene rocks reveal the absence of vertical-axis rotations in the central sector of Loranca-Altomira where structures are oriented N-S, and up to 17º of clockwise and 21º of counter-clockwise vertical-axis rotations in the northern and southern sectors, respectively. The integration of paleomagnetic data with previous structural data from other authors shows that the piggy-back sequence of thrusting at the southern sector was synchronous to the counter-clockwise rotation during the Oligocene, whereas at the northern sector structures formed in a break-back sequence and experienced a clockwise rotation during Miocene. The Puerta-Pareja anticline is a NNE-SSW fault-propagation fold associated to the Pareja thrust and initially nucleated as a detachment fold. At its northern part, the La Puerta thrust cuts its front limb defining a steep-limb breakthrough configuration. Three minor thrusts cut its back limb: the Viana (NNE-SSW), the Villaescusa (NW-SE) and the Peralveche (NW-SE) thrusts. All of these thrusts detached on the Keuper facies following a break back sequence. The 3D reconstruction and restoration of this anticline shows the absence of any basement structure suitable for sequestering CO2 underneath. The analysis of the chronological and geometrical relationships between the fracture pattern (mainly transverse and longitudinal fractures) and the vertical-axis rotation at the Puerta-Pareja area reveals that the initial orientation of the Puerta-Pareja anticline was N-S, perpendicular to the E-W regional shortening direction. Subsequently, local differences in the amount of the clockwise vertical-axis rotation occurred generated the present variability of axial orientations.

The structure and regional tectonic setting of an exhumed, 9.3-km long, left-lateral strike-slip fault zone eludicates processes of growth, linkage, and termination for strike-slip fault zones in granitic rocks. The Gemini fault zone is composed of three steeply dipping, southwest-striking, noncoplanar segments that nucleated and grew along preexisting joints. The fault zone has a maximum slip of 131 m and is an example of a segmented, hard-linked fault zone in which geometrical complexities of the faults and compositional variations of protolith and host rock resulted in nonuniform slip orientations, complex interactions at fault segments, and an asymmetric slip-distance profile. Regional structural analysis shows that joints and left-lateral fault zones have accommodated slip within a 4.8-km wide, right-lateral monoclinical kink band with vertical fold axes and northwest-striking axial surfaces. Geometric modeling of the kink band indicates that as little as 1.1 km of right-lateral displacement across the kink band may have produced the observed slip on kilometer-scale faults within the kink band.

Thesis (M.A. in National Security Affairs)--Naval Postgraduate School, March 2005.
Thesis Advisor(s): Karen Guttieri, Letitia Lawson. Includes bibliographical references (p. 71-75). Also available online.

Ignorées à l’origine par le droit de l’Union européenne, les collectivités locales s’inscrivent pourtant dans les enjeux de l’intégration européenne et s’imposent en qualité de « quasi-sujet » du droit de l’Union européenne.A l’échelle de l’Union européenne, les collectivités locales sont associées de plus en plus à l’élaboration et à la mise en oeuvre des politiques de l’UE. Cependant, leur action reste dépendante des cadres étatiques qui édifient des limites institutionnelles à une participation plus accrue. L’Etat demeure l’acteur institutionnel par excellence.En dépit de ces obstacles, les collectivités locales parviennent à élaborer des stratégies pour influer sur le processus décisionnel en utilisant une diversité de canaux formels et informels.Enfin, elles participent directement à la mise en évidence d’un territoire de l’Union européenne. L’ingénierie locale constitue alors un atout pour l’avenir de l’Union, qui consciente des différences et de la diversité de son territoire, adapte ses politiques et ancre de plus en plus sa démarche dans les préceptes de la Multi level governance (ou gouvernance multi-niveaux). L’émergence de ce modèle de gouvernance est censée pérenniser les acquis et la poursuite de la construction européenne, tout en respectant les traditions constitutionnelles nationales.Ainsi, l’objet de cette thèse est d’envisager les rapports complexes entre l’Union européenne et les collectivités locales. Cette étude ouvre alors sur des perspectives territoriales nouvelles intéressant directement l’Union européenne et inspire une réflexion sur le rôle de ces pouvoirs infra-étatiques dans une Union qui s’inscrit aussi dans un monde globalisé
For a long time, the European Union has not known about the local and regional authorities.However, local and regional level is a real asset to the Union. They become some almost subject of the European Union.Indeed, local and regional authorities currently have significant powers in key sectors such as education, environment, economic development, land use planning, public services and social policies. They implement the European legislation. Therefore, they also help ensure the exercise of European democracy and citizenship.Despite some significant advances in terms of recognizing their role in the European process, their actions are controlled by their national’s institutional architecture. And as the Union respects the constitutional autonomy of the Member States, which order their relations with regional and local authorities in different ways, it is really complicated to organize relations between European level and local and regional level.In spite of these impediments, the local authorities succeed in establishing strategies in order to be closely involved in shaping and implementing European strategies.Finally, the local authorities also take part into the construction of a European territory.Indeed, the diversity of the local and regional situations shows that it could be a chance. European policies have to be set up to the disparities and the local level is involved into the European decision making process.By another way, the recognition of the key role played by local and regional authorities in the European Union is developing a multilevel vision in the relations between the European actors. If the member States stay the institutional speaker of the European process, their local authorities succeed in integrating the European level. The multi level governance (MLG) has attracted the European Union. The MLG should coordinate action by the European level, the member states and local and regional authorities.This thesis shows the complicated relations between the European Union and the local authorities. Territorial perspectives and new objectives and tools should drive the European Union towards a better democratic integration

Notre travail de thèse vise à proposer un modèle général et complet pour la mise en place d’un dispositif d’intelligence territoriale régional qui peut être adopté et adapté dans différent contextes.Les décideurs territoriaux, qui ne sont pas forcément des professionnels de l’intelligence territoriale, ont besoin d’un cadre méthodologique qui peut servir de référence et les guider dans le processus de conduite d’un projet de mise en place d’un dispositif d’intelligence territoriale.Nous avons constaté dans le cadre de notre recherche qu’il n’existe pas d’approchesméthodologiques uniques pour la conduite d’un tel projet comme pour la veille qui est cadrée par la norme AFNOR XP X50-053 « Prestations de veille - prestations de veille et prestations de mise en place d'un système de veille ». Les expériences menées par certains pays tiennent compte des spécificités locales sans pour autant dévoiler l’approche adoptée pour la réalisation d’un tel projet.Nous avons essayé à travers notre recherche d’analyser la littérature dédiée à l’intelligence territoriale dont différentes expériences et travaux académiques, puis nous avons étudié les spécificités de la région de Dakhla Oued Ed-Dahab pour construire un modèle général et complet qui peut être appliqué dans différents contextes. Nous avons qualifié notre modèle de global au vu qu’il propose à la fois :▪ Le processus de mise en place d’un dispositif d’intelligence territoriale régional avec une description détaillée de chaque étape et son aboutissement▪ La forme organisationnelle à adopter pour structurer son dispositif d’intelligenceterritorial régional avec une définition détaillée de la composition et des missions de chaque composante organisationnelle▪ La structure et les composantes pour bâtir un système d’information régionald’intelligence territoriale▪ Plusieurs modèles pour la gestion au niveau régional de la cartographie des secteurs stratégiques ; de la cartographie des risques stratégiques ; du tableau de bord des projets stratégiques de développement ; des indicateurs sociaux et économiques ; des indicateurs de performance ; d’une base de compétences et de connaissances régionales et plus d’une approche de sécurité des actifs stratégiques régionaux
Abstract Our thesis work aims at proposing a general and complete model for theimplementation of a regional territorial intelligence device that can be adopted and adapted in different contexts. The territorial decision-makers, who are not necessarily professionals of territorial intelligence, need a methodological framework that can be used as a reference and guide them in the process of leading a project of setting up a territorial intelligence device.We noted in the course of our research that there is no single methodological approach for the conduct of such a project as for monitoring, which is governed by the AFNOR XP X50-053 standard « Monitoring services - services for setting up a monitoring system ». The experiences of some countries take into account local specificities without revealing the approach adopted for the implementation of such a project.We tried through our research to analyze the literature dedicated to territorial intelligence including different experiences and academic works, then we studied the specificities of the region of Dakhla Oued Ed-Dahab to build a general and complete model that can be applied in different contexts. We have described our model as global in that it offers both:▪ The process of setting up a regional territorial intelligence device with a detailed description of each step and its outcome▪ The organizational form to be adopted to structure its regional territorial intelligence device with a detailed definition of the composition and missions of each organizational component▪ The structure and components to build a regional territorial intelligence information system▪ Several models for the management at the regional level of the mapping of strategic sectors; of the mapping of strategic risks; of the dashboard of strategic development projects; of social and economic indicators; of performance indicators; of a regional skills and knowledge base and more than one approach to the security of regional strategic assets

abstract: This archaeological study applies a world-systems-based approach in evaluating regional economic interaction among independent polities. It focuses specifically on interaction between local polities and Teotihuacan-affiliated populations in the Western Tuxtlas Region of the Gulf Coast of Veracruz, Mexico during the Early Classic and Middle Classic periods (A.D. 300-650). Changes in regional economics followed the founding of the Teotihuacan-linked center of Matacapan in the Catemaco River Valley. To assess these changes, this research characterizes the consumption of Matacapan-produced imports in two independent neighboring polities to reconstruct regional distribution networks and assess Matacapan’s impact on the region. The Central Highland capital of Teotihuacan had variable influence throughout Mesoamerica. One pronounced occurrence of this influence has been identified at Matacapan, which displays strong material culture and architectural connections to Teotihuacan. This research therefore employs a modified world-systems framework which removes the assumption of hierarchy and instead focuses on regional interaction within the periphery. It views the establishment of regional distribution networks centered at Matacapan that articulate with the two neighboring polities as a form of incorporation, the process wherein external groups are brought into a system. To assess incorporation, four potential Matacapan-centered networks are analyzed. These networks consist of the distribution of two ceramic types and obsidian blades produced from two sources. Artifacts from survey, surface collection, and excavation were subjected to ceramic analysis, lithic analysis, petrography, neutron activation analysis, and X-ray fluorescence analysis to identify source, form, and production technology. These data aid in determining network participation in each polity. By assessing importation in these local polities, the form and degree of their incorporation will be identified. Incorporation of indigenous polities into regional networks was not uniform within the Western Tuxtlas Region. Two Matacapan-centered networks were identified, and they differ in form and extent. One indigenous polity, Teotepec, participated in both networks while the other, Totocapan, participated in one. I argue that Teotepec’s incorporation into a second network was strategic in that it was mutually beneficial to both involved parties. Additionally, indigenous Tuxtlas’ polities were able to negotiate interaction with their Teotihuacan-affiliated neighbor for desired goods without forfeiting political or cultural autonomy.
Dissertation/Thesis
Doctoral Dissertation Anthropology 2016

No
Confronting the corrosive influence that war economies typically have on the prospects for peace in war-torn societies, this study critically analyzes current policy responses and offers a thought-provoking foundation for the development of more effective peacebuilding strategies. The authors focus on the role played by trade in precipitating and fueling conflict, with particular emphasis on the regional dynamics that are created by war economies. Their analysis highlights the darker side of the commitment to deregulation, open markets, and the expansion of trade routes that are key features of globalization. In each of three case studies¿-Sierra Leone, Afghanistan, and Bosnia¿they examine the nature of the war economy, the regional networks developed to support it, its legacies, and the impact of initiatives to transform it. That transformation, they argue, a process central to the transition from violent conflict to sustainable peace, can best be achieved through approaches that recognize critical regional factors.

Trabajo Final (CG)--FCEFN-UNC, 2018
Define la morfología, geometría interna y distribución de facíes, características composicionales y texturales, estructura y deformación del plutón de San Agustín y sus rocas encajonantes. Se analizó toda la información bibliográfica de la zona y del plutón intrusivo de San Agustín, con el objetivo de ubicarlo en tiempo y espacio mediante la realización de un mapa geológico de detalle.

The essence of this thesis is to explore the role of Nigeria, West Africa's hegemon, in the intervention efforts by the Economic Community of West African states (ECOWAS) through its Cease-fire Monitoring Group (ECOMOG) in both Liberia (1990-1997) and Sierra Leone (1993-2000). While the thesis has sought to understand the leading role played by Nigeria in first establishing the ECOWAS and being the primus motor for its functions, I have also attempted to analyse the rationalities for the transformation of ECOWAS from a purely economic integrative scheme to a security organisation. While the economic agendas for ECOWAS have not changed, the argument in this thesis is that security related issues and realities have taken precedence over the original economistic agendas. One of the thesis' major arguments is that the nature of results attained in both Liberia and Sierra Leone are different because of (a) the leadership role of Nigeria and (b) the nature of international responses and contributions to the resolution of these conflicts. In the thesis, I argue that in the Liberian case, Nigeria took a more domineering leadership role albeit tinged with the characteristics of the actions of a benevolent hegemon. Here, Nigeria through different processes either through leadership, consensus-seeking processes and dialogue managed to get other ECOWAS states to coalesce around its leadership. However, in Sierra Leone, Nigeria's leadership role was not permitted to unfold. The resultant effect was the shift from NIFAG to ECOMOG and eventually "rekindling hatred" of these troops as UN troops. This thesis has pointed to the utility of sub-regional organisations in resolving conflicts and demonstrates the need for further study.
Political Science
DLITT ET PHIL (INT POL)

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1995.
Typescript. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 73-75).