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Academic literature on the topic 'Command Estimate'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 18 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Command Estimate"

1

Wang, Zhiqiang. "Two Postestimation Commands for Assessing Confounding Effects in Epidemiological Studies." Stata Journal: Promoting communications on statistics and Stata 7, no. 2 (June 2007): 183–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1536867x0700700203.

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Confounding is a major issue in observational epidemiological studies. This paper describes two postestimation commands for assessing confounding effects. One command (confall) displays and plots all possible effect estimates against one of p-value, Akaike information criterion, or Bayesian information criterion. This computing-intensive procedure allows researchers to inspect the variability of the effect estimates from various possible models. Another command (chest) uses a stepwise approach to identify variables that have substantially changed the effect estimate. Both commands can be used after most common estimation commands in epidemiological studies, such as logistic regression, conditional logistic regression, Poisson regression, linear regression, and Cox proportional hazards models.

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Jung, Yoo Sun, Flávio D. S. Souza, Andrew Q. Philips, Amanda Rutherford, and Guy D. Whitten. "A command to estimate and interpret models of dynamic compositional dependent variables: New features for dynsimpie." Stata Journal: Promoting communications on statistics and Stata 20, no. 3 (September 2020): 584–603. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1536867x20953570.

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Philips, Rutherford, and Whitten (2016, Stata Journal 16: 662–677) introduced dynsimpie, a command to examine dynamic compositional dependent variables. In this article, we present an update to dynsimpie and three new adofiles: cfbplot, effectsplot, and dynsimpiecoef. These updates greatly enhance the range of models that can be estimated and the ways in which model results can now be presented. The command dynsimpie has been updated so that users can obtain both prediction plots and change-from-baseline plots using postestimation commands. With the new command dynsimpiecoef, various types of coefficient plots can also be obtained. We illustrate these improvements using monthly data on support for political parties in the United Kingdom.

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Ruhe, Constantin. "Bootstrap pointwise confidence intervals for covariate-adjusted survivor functions in the Cox model." Stata Journal: Promoting communications on statistics and Stata 19, no. 1 (March 2019): 185–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1536867x19830915.

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Survival functions are a common visualization of predictions from the Cox model. However, neither Stata’s stcurve command nor the communitycontributed scurve tvc command allows one to estimate confidence intervals. In this article, I discuss how bootstrap confidence intervals can be formed for covariate-adjusted survival functions in the Cox model. The new bsurvci command automates this procedure and allows users to visualize the results. bsurvci enables one to estimate uncertainty around survival functions estimated from Cox models with time-varying coefficients, a capability that was not previously available in Stata. Furthermore, it provides Stata users with an additional option for survival estimates from Cox models with proportional hazards by allowing them to choose between bootstrap confidence intervals using bsurvci and asymptotic confidence intervals from an existing community-contributed command, survci. Because asymptotic confidence intervals make distributional assumptions when constructing confidence intervals, the bootstrap procedure proposed in this article provides a nonparametric alternative.

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Bottai, Matteo, and Nicola Orsini. "qmodel: A command for fitting parametric quantile models." Stata Journal: Promoting communications on statistics and Stata 19, no. 2 (June 2019): 261–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1536867x19854002.

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In this article, we introduce the qmodel command, which fits parametric models for the conditional quantile function of an outcome variable given covariates. Ordinary quantile regression, implemented in the qreg command, is a popular, simple type of parametric quantile model. It is widely used but known to yield erratic estimates that often lead to uncertain inferences. Parametric quantile models overcome these limitations and extend modeling of conditional quantile functions beyond ordinary quantile regression. These models are flexible and efficient. qmodel can estimate virtually any possible linear or nonlinear parametric model because it allows the user to specify any combination of qmodel-specific built-in functions, standard mathematical and statistical functions, and substitutable expressions. We illustrate the potential of parametric quantile models and the use of the qmodel command and its postestimation commands through realand simulated-data examples that commonly arise in epidemiological and pharmacological research. In addition, this article may give insight into the close connection that exists between quantile functions and the true mathematical laws that generate data.

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Rios-Avila, Fernando. "Estimation of marginal effects for models with alternative variable transformations." Stata Journal: Promoting communications on statistics and Stata 21, no. 1 (March 2021): 81–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1536867x211000005.

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margins is a powerful postestimation command that allows the estimation of marginal effects for official and community-contributed commands, with well-defined predicted outcomes (see predict). While the use of factor-variable notation allows one to easily estimate marginal effects when interactions and polynomials are used, estimation of marginal effects when other types of transformations such as splines, logs, or fractional polynomials are used remains a challenge. In this article, I describe how margins‘s capabilities can be extended to analyze other variable transformations using the command f_able.

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Castronovo, Anna Margherita, Cristiano De Marchis, Maurizio Schmid, Silvia Conforto, and Giacomo Severini. "Effect of Task Failure on Intermuscular Coherence Measures in Synergistic Muscles." Applied Bionics and Biomechanics 2018 (June 3, 2018): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/4759232.

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The term “task failure” describes the point when a person is not able to maintain the level of force required by a task. As task failure approaches, the corticospinal command to the muscles increases to maintain the required level of force in the face of a decreased mechanical efficacy. Nevertheless, most motor tasks require the synergistic recruitment of several muscles. How this recruitment is affected by approaching task failure is still not clear. The increase in the corticospinal drive could be due to an increase in synergistic recruitment or to overlapping commands sent to the muscles individually. Herein, we investigated these possibilities by combining intermuscular coherence and synergy analysis on signals recorded from three muscles of the quadriceps during dynamic leg extension tasks. We employed muscle synergy analysis to investigate changes in the coactivation of the muscles. Three different measures of coherence were used. Pooled coherence was used to estimate the command synchronous to all three muscles, pairwise coherence the command shared across muscle pairs and residual coherence the command peculiar to each couple of muscles. Our analysis highlights an overall decrease in synergistic command at task failure and an intensification of the contribution of the nonsynergistic shared command.

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Manjón, Miguel, and Juan Mañez. "Production Function Estimation in Stata Using the Ackerberg–Caves–Frazer Method." Stata Journal: Promoting communications on statistics and Stata 16, no. 4 (December 2016): 900–916. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1536867x1601600406.

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We present a new e-class command, acfest, that implements the method of Ackerberg, Caves, and Frazer (2015, Econometrica 83: 2411–2451) to estimate production functions. This method deals with the functional dependence problems that may arise in the methods proposed by Olley and Pakes (1996, Econometrica 64: 1263–1297) and, particularly, Levinsohn and Petrin (2003, Review of Economic Studies 70: 317–341) (implemented in Stata by Yasar, Raciborski, and Poi [2008, Stata Journal 8: 221–231] and Petrin, Poi, and Levinsohn [2004, Stata Journal 4: 113–123], respectively). In particular, the acfest command yields (nonlinear, robust) generalized method of moments estimates using a Mata function and two specification tests (Wald and Sargan–Hansen). After estimation, predict provides the estimated productivity of the firms in the sample.

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Brown, Graham K., and Thanos Mergoupis. "Treatment Interactions with Nonexperimental Data in Stata." Stata Journal: Promoting communications on statistics and Stata 11, no. 4 (December 2011): 545–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1536867x1201100403.

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Treatment effects may vary with the observed characteristics of the treated, often with important implications. In the context of experimental data, a growing literature deals with the problem of specifying treatment interaction terms that most effectively capture this variation. Some results of this literature are now implemented in Stata. With nonexperimental (observational) data, and in particular when selection into treatment depends on unmeasured factors, treatment effects can be estimated using Stata's treatreg command. Though not originally designed for this purpose, treatreg can be used to consistently estimate treatment interaction parameters. With interactions, however, adjustments are required to generate predicted values and estimate the average treatment effect. In this article, we introduce commands that perform this adjustment for multiplicative interactions, and we show the required adjustment for more complicated interactions.

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Fé, Eduardo, and Richard Hofler. "sfcount: Command for count-data stochastic frontiers and underreported and overreported counts." Stata Journal: Promoting communications on statistics and Stata 20, no. 3 (September 2020): 532–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1536867x20953566.

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In this article, we introduce a new command, sfcount, to fit count-data stochastic frontier models. Although originally designed to estimate production and production-cost functions, this new command can be used to estimate mean regression functions when count data are suspected to be underreported or over-reported.

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Sun, Yutao, and Geert Dhaene. "xtspj: A command for split-panel jackknife estimation." Stata Journal: Promoting communications on statistics and Stata 19, no. 2 (June 2019): 335–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1536867x19854016.

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In this article, we present a new command, xtspj, that corrects for incidental parameter bias in panel-data models with fixed effects. The correction removes the first-order bias term of the maximum likelihood estimate using the split-panel jackknife method. Two variants are implemented: the jackknifed maximum-likelihood estimate and the jackknifed log-likelihood function (with corresponding maximizer). The model may be nonlinear or dynamic, and the covariates may be predetermined instead of strictly exogenous. xtspj implements the split-panel jackknife for fixed-effects versions of linear, probit, logit, Poisson, exponential, gamma, Weibull, and negbin2 regressions. It also accommodates other models if the user specifies the log-likelihood function (and, possibly but not necessarily, the score function and the Hessian). xtspj is fast and memory efficient, and it allows large datasets. The data may be unbalanced. xtspj can also be used to compute uncorrected maximum-likelihood estimates of fixed-effects models for which no other xt (see [XT] xt) command exists.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Command Estimate"

1

Audrezet, Éric. "Commande du moteur pas à pas et du moteur asynchrone : application à la commande de portes de métro." Amiens, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998AMIE0100.

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Gonzalez, Karen Vanessa. "Modélisation et commande robuste des systèmes biologiques : exemple de la production d’acide lactique en fermenteur industriel." Thesis, Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ECAP0044/document.

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Cette thèse de doctorat porte sur l’optimisation du bioprocédé de production d’acide lactique à partir de la farine de blé. L'acide lactique s’avère en effet de plus en plus attractif pour la production de PLA (acide poly lactique), un bio polymère, d’autant plus que différentes matières premières peu coûteuses comme la farine de blé sont désormais utilisées comme sources de carbone pour sa production. Cette thèse comprend trois parties principales. Une première partie propose pour l’optimisation du procédé de transformation du blé un schéma innovant composé de trois étapes successives : une liquéfaction, suivi d’une étape de saccharification et hydrolyse des protéines simultanées (SSPH) et une étape finale de saccharification, hydrolyse des protéines et fermentation simultanées (SSPHF). La deuxième partie s’intéresse à la modélisation de l’étape SSPHF (étape limitante) dans un bioréacteur continu. La détermination des paramètres du modèle ainsi que leur validation sont réalisées à l’aide de campagnes d’essais sur un bioréacteur de 5 L.Enfin, la dernière partie développe la mise en oeuvre de stratégies de commande permettant de maintenir le bioprocédé à son point optimal de fonctionnement. Pour ce faire, du fait de l’absence de capteurs pour la mesure en temps réel des concentrations des variables clé dans le bioréacteur, des estimateurs de ces concentrations ainsi que du taux de production en acide lactique sont tout d’abord élaborés. Des stratégies de commande régulant la concentration d’acide lactique à sa valeur optimale sont ensuite synthétisées et comparées en simulation. Une commande adaptative combinant une commande linéarisante par retour d’état et un estimateur du taux de production en acide lactique est finalement retenue et validée expérimentalement sur un réacteur instrumenté. Cette dernière s’est avérée robuste vis-à-vis des erreurs de modélisation et a permis lors des expériences de doubler la productivité de l’acide lactique
This PhD thesis focuses on the optimization of the bioprocess of lactic acid production from wheat flour. Indeed, lactic acid has received much attention for the production of PLA (Poly Lactic Acid), a biopolymer, since different inexpensive raw material such as wheat flour are now used as carbon source for its production. This work was performed in three main steps. In the first step, an innovative wheat transformation process is proposed, whose main steps are the following: a liquefaction followed by a simultaneous saccharification, proteins hydrolysis (SSPH) and and a final simultaneous saccharification, proteins hydrolysis and fermentation (SSPHF). Secondly, the modeling of the SSPHF (limiting step) in a continuous bioreactor is considered. The determination and validation of model parameters is performed by means of experimental campaigns in a 5 L bioreactor.In the last step, the development of control strategies to maintain the process at its optimal operating point is considered. To do so, due to the absence of sensors for real-time measurement of the concentrations of key variables of the bioreactor, estimators of these concentrations and of the lactic acid production rate are first developed. Then, control strategies for regulating the lactic acid concentration at its optimal value are designed and compared in simulation. An adaptive control combining a state feedback linearizing control and an estimator of the lactic acid production rate is finally chosen to be experimentally validated on an instrumented reactor. This strategy showed good robustness features with respect to modeling mismatches and was able during experiments to increase twice the lactic acid productivity

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Cherki, Brahim. "Commande des robots manipulateurs par retour d'etat estime." Nantes, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996NANT2032.

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Les travaux developpes dans cette these concernant la commande des robots manipulateurs par retour d'etat estime. Nous nous sommes interesses aux trois grandes classes de robots manipulateurs: les robots rigides, les robots a articulations flexibles et les robots souples. Pour les robots manipulateurs rigides nous proposons un schema de commande utilisant un observateur non lineaire a grands gains, une commande decouplante et linearisante. La commande utilisee linearise exactement l'observateur ce qui rend son implantation tres facile. Nous avons montre que la boucle fermee est semi globalement stable. Nous avons egalement propose une methode pour rejeter les perturbations constantes. Les resultats de simulation et d'experimentation demontrent le bien fonde des schemas de commande proposes. Pour les robots a articulations flexibles, une extension des resultats obtenus sur les robots rigides est faite. A l'aide d'un changement de coordonnees, le modele d'un robot a articulations flexibles se presente sous une forme canonique d'observabilite. Les nouvelles coordonnees representent les positions des bras et leurs derives jusqu'a l'ordre trois. Les derives des positions sont estimees a l'aide d'un observateur a grands gains, la commande linearisante et decouplante est calculee a l'aide de ces memes derives. Dans ce cas aussi la stabilite de la boucle fermee est de nature semi globale. Les resultats de simulation confirment la validite du schema de commande propose. La troisieme classe de robots etudiee est celle des robots souples. Ce type de robot presente des caracteristiques dynamiques compliquees, la dimension de son modele peut etre tres elevee selon le nombre de modes retenu pour sa description. En supposant mesurables les variables de positions articulaires et les amplitudes modales, nous avons propose un schema de commande base sur un observateur a grands gains et une commande non lineaire. Dans ce cas aussi la stabilite est de nature semi globale. Pour amortir les modes souples nous avons inclus dans la commande un retour elastique. Les resultats de simulation confirment la validite de cette demarche. Une validation experimentale sur le robot souple du laboratoire a ete realisee. En conclusion une approche unifiee a ete mise en uvre, a savoir l'utilisation d'observateurs a grands gains couples a des commandes non lineaires decouplantes et linearisantes pour le suivi de trajectoire. Les resultats de simulation et d'experimentation confirment la validite des schemas de commande proposes

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Duque, Escobar Ismael Mauricio. "Contribution à la mise en oeuvre de la commande adaptative." Grenoble INPG, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989INPG0007.

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Les systemes de commande adaptative proposes consistent en une combinaison d'une loi de commande avec modele de reference sur l'etat partiel avec un estimateur de parametres robustges vis-a-vis d'une classe de perturbations definie. Evaluation experimentale des systemes proposes

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PESSOA, ANA TEREZA VASCONCELLOS E. "THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ESTIMATED COMMON FACTORS FROM YIELD CURVES OF DIFFERENT MARKETS." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2009. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=32989@1.

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PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO
O estudo da influência de fatores comuns na determinação dos preços de equilíbrio dos mais diversos ativos financeiros, em especial dos títulos de renda fixa, tem recebido bastante atenção nas literaturas de Finanças e Macroeconomia. Mais recentemente, Diebold, Li e Yue (2008) mostraram que os fatores que governam a dinâmica da curva de juros dos treasuries emitidos pelos governos dos EUA, Alemanha, Japão e Reino Unido são parcialmente determinados por influências globais, ou seja, que afetam os fatores nesses países simultaneamente. O objetivo desse trabalho é mostrar que esse fenômeno ainda é observado quando adicionamos países emergentes à amostra (mais especificamente, Brasil, México e Colômbia), quando analisamos o mercado de corporate bonds negociados nos EUA e emitidos por empresas privadas atuando em três setores da economia e com diversos níveis de risco e quando trabalhamos com dados misturados, ou seja, de países e empresas. As principais contribuições desse trabalho são estender o resultado de Diebold, Li e Yue (2008) para uma coleção mais ampla de ativos e identificar novos fatores comuns que não puderam ser revelados na análise efetuada por esses autores.
The study of the influence of common factors in the determination of equilibrium prices of all kinds of financial assets, especially fixed return assets, has received a lot of attention from Macroeconomics and Finance literature. Most recently, Diebold, Li and Yue (2008) have shown that factors that govern the dynamics of the yield curve of the Treasuries issued by the American, German, Japanese and British Governments are partially determined by global influence, that is, that affect simultaneously factors in these countries. The purpose of this work is to show that this phenomena is still observed when we add emerging countries to the sample (more specifically, Brazil, Mexico and Colombia), when we analyze the corporate bond markets for companies with different risk levels in three sectors of the economy and when we work with mixed data, that is, of companies and countries. The main contribution of this paper is to extend the results obtained by Diebold, Li and Yue (2008) to a wider sample of assets and identify a new range of common factors that were not present in the analysis of these authors.

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Lindh, Johan. "Common language effect size : A valuable step towards a more comprehensible presentation of statistical information?" Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Psykologiska institutionen, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-166438.

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To help address the knowledge gap between science and practice this study explores the possible positive benefits of using a more pedagogical effect size estimate when presenting statistical relationships. Traditional presentation has shown limitations with major downsides being that scientific findings are misinterpreted or misunderstood even by professionals. This study explores the possible effects of the non-traditional effect size estimate Common Language Effect Size (CLES) on different training outcomes for HR professionals. This study also explores the possible effect of cognitive system preference on training outcomes. Results show no overall effect of CLES on either training outcomes or cognitive system. A positive effect of CLES on training outcome is found at the subfactor level showing a significant effect. The results can be interpreted that non-traditional effect size estimates have a limited effect on training outcomes. This small but valuable piece to bridge the gap of knowledge is discussed.

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Bruguier, Cyrille. "Commande d'une machine synchrone à aimants sans capteur mécanique." Grenoble INPG, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996INPG0133.

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Les machines synchrones à aimants permanents sont de plus en plus utilisées dans les applications de petites et moyennes puissances. Dans les techniques de commande les plus répandues de ces machines, la position rotorique doit être connue. Les capteurs utilisés sont coûteux et posent des problèmes de fiabilité, de maintenance ou d'encombrement. Notre travail a porté sur la définition, l'étude (analytique et en simulation) et la mise en oeuvre expérimentale d'estimatives numériques de vitesse et position. Ces estimations sont basés sur les mesures de courants de phase et des grandeurs de commandes projetées dans un repère tournant estimé. Les composantes du vecteur courant sont reconstituées à partir des équations électriques de la machine et comparées aux courants mesurés. Les erreurs obtenues sont fonction de l'erreur de position et de vitesse entre le repère estimé et le repère tournant lié au rotor. Ces erreurs sont asservies à zéro grâce à des correcteurs dont les sorties sont la vitesse et la position estimée. Sauf à très basse vitesse, les résultats obtenus sont très satisfaisants et comparables à ceux obtenus avec un capteur mécanique. Une première structure spécifique aux basses vitesses est proposée ainsi qu'une méthode permettant de connaître la position à l'arrêt

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Salloum, Georges. "Contribution à la commande robuste de la machine asynchrone à double alimentation." Phd thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2007. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/7534/1/salloum.pdf.

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Le travail présenté dans cette thèse apporte, entre autres, une contribution aux méthodes d'analyse et de synthèse de la commande robuste des Machines Asynchrones à Double Alimentation (MADA) alimentées par deux onduleurs de tension avec deux bus continus distincts. Nous introduisons, dans un premier chapitre, la commande vectorielle classique de la MADA munie de capteurs mécaniques. Ce chapitre se distingue par une nouvelle approche pour assurer le découplage des courants de la MADA dans un repère (d-q) conduisant à des fonctions de transfert simples, et par conséquent, un calcul simplifié des correcteurs. Ce chapitre se termine par une étude prouvant la robustesse du découplage et de la commande vis-à-vis des variations paramétriques de la machine. La commande robuste de la MADA, par l'approche H∞, est ensuite abordée en faisant une comparaison entre quatre stratégies de contrôle : la sensibilité mixte, une variante de la sensibilité mixte, le loop-shaping et la m-synthèse. Une étude par m-analyse de la robustesse en stabilité et en performance offre un critère de choix du correcteur. La réalisabilité du correcteur sera à son tour un critère déterminant du choix de la méthode de correction. Dans une dernière partie, nous centrons notre intérêt sur la commande robuste de la MADA sans capteurs mécaniques en travaillant sur des méthodes d'estimation de la vitesse et de l'angle mécanique. Nous limitons cette étude à l'introduction de deux méthodes d'estimation : La MRAS, éventuellement associée à un filtre de KALMAN, et l'injection d'une composante haute fréquence associée à un traitement numérique (FFT – STFT) pour en déduire la vitesse. La première approche est simple à implanter mais elle est très sensible aux variations paramétriques, surtout la résistance statorique, tandis que la deuxième est complètement insensible à ces variations mais très lourde en calcul. Dans cette partie, nous nous intéressons aussi à la commande numérique de la MADA.

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Anchukaitis, Kevin J. "Comparing proxy and model estimates of hydroclimate variability and change over the Common Era." COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/626426.

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Water availability is fundamental to societies and ecosystems, but our understanding of variations in hydroclimate (including extreme events, flooding, and decadal periods of drought) is limited because of a paucity of modern instrumental observations that are distributed unevenly across the globe and only span parts of the 20th and 21st centuries. Such data coverage is insufficient for characterizing hydroclimate and its associated dynamics because of its multidecadal to centennial variability and highly regionalized spatial signature. High-resolution (seasonal to decadal) hydroclimatic proxies that span all or parts of the Common Era (CE) and paleoclimate simulations from climate models are therefore important tools for augmenting our understanding of hydroclimate variability. In particular, the comparison of the two sources of information is critical for addressing the uncertainties and limitations of both while enriching each of their interpretations. We review the principal proxy data available for hydroclimatic reconstructions over the CE and highlight the contemporary understanding of how these proxies are interpreted as hydroclimate indicators. We also review the available last-millennium simulations from fully coupled climate models and discuss several outstanding challenges associated with simulating hydroclimate variability and change over the CE. A specific review of simulated hydroclimatic changes forced by volcanic events is provided, as is a discussion of expected improvements in estimated radiative forcings, models, and their implementation in the future. Our review of hydroclimatic proxies and last-millennium model simulations is used as the basis for articulating a variety of considerations and best practices for how to perform proxy–model comparisons of CE hydroclimate. This discussion provides a framework for how best to evaluate hydroclimate variability and its associated dynamics using these comparisons and how they can better inform interpretations of both proxy data and model simulations. We subsequently explore means of using proxy–model comparisons to better constrain and characterize future hydroclimate risks. This is explored specifically in the context of several examples that demonstrate how proxy–model comparisons can be used to quantitatively constrain future hydroclimatic risks as estimated from climate model projections.

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10

Harti, Mostafa. "Estimation robuste sous un modèle de contamination non symétrique et M-estimateur multidimensionnel." Nancy 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986NAN10063.

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Dans cette thèse nous étudions la robustesse des estimateurs sous les deux modèles de contamination non symétrique: F::(epsilon ),X=(1-epsilon )F::(theta )+epsilon H::(X) et F::(epsilon )=(1-epsilon )F::(theta )+epsilon G. Nous étudions aussi la robustesse des M-estimateurs multidimensionnels et en particulier les M-estimateurs de régression non linéaire pour lesquels nous établissons la normalité asymptotique

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Books on the topic "Command Estimate"

1

Way-Smith, Susan. How to estimate the costs of changes in army individual skill training. Santa Monica, CA: Rand, 1993.

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Parliament, Great Britain. Vote on account 2000-2001 for the year ending 31 March 2002: Supply Estimate House of Commons : presented by command of Her Majesty ordered to be printed 27th February 2001. London: Stationery Office, 2001.

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Gao, Shumei. Estimates of quota premia: A comment on Carl Hamilton's approach. Edinburgh: Heriot-Watt University, Dept. of Economics, 1995.

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Society for Promotion of Wastelands Development (India). Forest and common land acquisition: Estimated forecast and lessons of case studies from 6 states. New Delhi: Society for Promotion of Wastelands Development, 2012.

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Group, U. S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission Office of Nuclear Reactor Regulation Containment Loads Working. Estimates of early containment loads from core melt accidents: Draft report for comment. Washington, D.C: Office of Nuclear Reactor Regulation, U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, 1985.

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McCombie, Karen. Comment être douée, ou presque? Montréal: La Courte échelle, 2008.

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1955-, Martin Pat, ed. Strengthening parliamentary scrutiny of estimates and supply: Report of the Standing Committee on Government Operations and Estimates. [Ottawa]: Standing Committee on Government Operations and Estimates, 2012.

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Aime-toi!: Comment développer l'estime de soi : la plus belle et importante des histoires d'amour, la seule capable de changer ta vie, maintenant : guide pratique. Cesena: Macro, 2010.

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Young, Alwyn. Alternative estimates of productivity growth in the NIC's: A comment on the findings of Chang-Tai Hsieh. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, 1998.

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Great Britain. Parliament. House of Commons. Select Committee on Energy. Fifth report from the Energy Committee session 1984-85: Government oil price policy and the spring supplementary estimate for 20 million in respect of the British National Oil Corporation : (including Government response to Committee's fourth report of session 1984-85: the winter supplementary estimate for 45 million in respect of the British National Oil Corporation (HC 126 1984-85)) .... London: HMSO, 1985.

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Book chapters on the topic "Command Estimate"

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Hingley, P. J. "Analytic Estimator Densities for Common Parameters under Misspecified Models." In Theory and Applications of Recent Robust Methods, 119–30. Basel: Birkhäuser Basel, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-0348-7958-3_11.

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Bergroth, Lasse. "Utilizing Dynamically Updated Estimates in Solving the Longest Common Subsequence Problem." In String Processing and Information Retrieval, 301–14. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/11575832_34.

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Majdi, Nabil, and Walter Traunspurger. "Production of freshwater nematodes." In Ecology of freshwater nematodes, 247–69. Wallingford: CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789243635.0008.

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Abstract This chapter focuses on the methods used to determine freshwater nematode production. It begins by briefly describing the methods used in sampling and measuring nematodes, followed by a summary of the common allometric models developed to estimate secondary production. It then presents a case study in which the results of those models are compared. Finally, it evaluates the drivers of nematode production in different lakes and streams and compares nematode secondary production with that achieved by macrobenthos, other meiobenthic taxa and microbes.

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Gruszczynska, Marta, Severine Rosat, Anna Klos, Maciej Gruszczynski, and Janusz Bogusz. "Multichannel Singular Spectrum Analysis in the Estimates of Common Environmental Effects Affecting GPS Observations." In Pageoph Topical Volumes, 211–28. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-96277-1_17.

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Hannay, Jo Erskine. "Benefit and Cost Periodized: Stretching Your Points." In Benefit/Cost-Driven Software Development, 87–100. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-74218-8_7.

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AbstractWhen you estimate the life cycle cost and benefit of your software product, your stakeholders should not only be assured that you will deliver value, but also be informed when that value is expected to manifest itself. Periodization is a common method for showing when a return of investment is expected, and one is often careful to express the present value of future cash (net present value) in such deliberations. This chapter shows how to carry out periodization using points. Periodized points then amount to plan templates that can be instantiated with monetary values according to most likely, bad-case, and good-case uncertainty assessments.

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Tsuji, Toshio, Taro Shibanoki, and Keisuke Shima. "EMG-Based Control of a Multi-Joint Robot for Operating a Glovebox." In Advances in Computational Intelligence and Robotics, 36–52. IGI Global, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-7387-8.ch003.

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This chapter describes a control method for a multi-joint robotic manipulator using Electromyogram (EMG) signals for operating a glovebox. The system uses a Probabilistic Neural Network (PNN) to estimate the user's intended motion from EMG patterns, and generates a control command for the glovebox and robotic manipulator corresponding to the estimated motions. The user can therefore control the manipulator as well as various functions of the glovebox system through his/her EMG signals while performing some manual operations through gloves. With this system, the authors produce intuitive control of the glovebox with the robotic manipulator. The authors confirm the effectiveness of the proposed system with an experiment using the developed prototype.

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Wilson, Mary Elizabeth. "Preserving Antibiotics and Developing new Antibacterial Treatments." In Antibiotics. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/wentk/9780190663414.003.0008.

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How Common is Inappropriate Prescribing of Antibiotics? Many studies have tried to estimate what percentage of antibiotic use in people is unnecessary or inappropriate. Most estimates come up with about a quarter to a third of all use. For some specific types of infections like...

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Glatt, Stephen J., Stephen V. Faraone, and Ming T. Tsuang. "How Common is Schizophrenia?" In Schizophrenia. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198813774.003.0010.

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To this point, we have been providing consensus descriptions of schizophrenia, what it is and what it is not, and describing the means by which it is detected and diagnosed. In this and later chapters, we present the evidence about the causal factors, treatments, and outcomes of schizophrenia from scientific studies. Such studies sometimes find results that differ from each other due to differences in the methods used or the types of patients that are studied. Random differences in measurement between studies also leads to discrepancies, which is perfectly normal.How, then, can we come to firm conclusions in the presence of variable results from different studies? Our approach as scientists, and as authors trying to distil the facts, is to always rely on the preponderance of evidence, or the best estimate that can be made when putting all the evidence together. Thus, as we present the facts moving forward, we will base our claims on the largest studies available, since these usually give more reliable results than small studies. Whenever possible, we will present the results of analyses that put the results of otherstudies together using a formal statistical method called ‘meta- analysis’. Thus, instead of comparing and contrasting the results from two or more studies, we will let the reader know the overall result found when all studies were pooled together. In some instances, however, it is instructive to compare and contrast studies because each study tells us something different and uniquely important, and we will point this out when doing so.In this chapter, we describe the epidemiology of schizophrenia. Epidemiology is a branch of science concerned with the distribution and determinants of illness in the population, and the transmission of illness within families. Two important epidemiologic measures of disease burden in society are prevalence and incidence. The prevalence of schizophrenia (i.e., the number of affected individuals in the population) has been estimated at least 60 times in 30 different countries. The prevalence estimates seen in these studies are very consistent, despite cultural differences between samples and the different methods used and timeframes sampled in the studies.

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Singer, Donald, and W. David Menzie. "Deposit-Density Models." In Quantitative Mineral Resource Assessments. Oxford University Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195399592.003.0007.

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A key function of many forms of quantitative mineral resource assessments is estimation of the number of undiscovered deposits. In any given region, there is some fixed but, in most cases, unknown number of undiscovered deposits of a given type—the number could be zero or a larger integer. Many quantitative resource assessments that are based on a common three-part form of assessment (Singer, 1993a) have used expert judgment to estimate the number of deposits. Estimates of this unknown number are presented in a probabilistic form to reflect the uncertainty associated with the estimate. Ideally, estimates of number of deposits should rely on analogies with similar well-explored geologic settings, just as grades and tonnages of well explored deposits serve as analogs of the qualities and sizes of undiscovered deposits. Estimates of the number of undiscovered deposits can be derived from counts of known deposits per unit area in explored control regions. Number of deposits per unit area of the control regions can be used in histograms to show variation of densities by deposit type. Some research has been conducted on densities of several deposit types so that these ratios can be more widely used as a guide for number-of-deposit estimates (Bliss, Orris, and Menzie, 1987; Bliss, Menzie, Orris, and Page, 1987; Bliss and Menzie, 1993; Bliss, 1992b; Root, Menzie, and Scott, 1992). Most of these studies provide point (i.e., single) estimates of the number of deposits per unit area. Singer et al. (2001) summarize the ideas behind these mineral deposit density models and provide individual estimates for twenty-seven combinations of deposit types and control locations. Many of the specially selected areas they describe provide standards to identify what should be considered high estimates of number of undiscovered deposits in most situations. Thus, many published mineral-deposit densities provide guides that suggest upper limits to estimates but are not necessarily useful in providing estimation guides for more likely situations.

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Singer, Donald, and W. David Menzie. "Integration of Grades, Tonnages, Number of Deposits, and Economic Effects." In Quantitative Mineral Resource Assessments. Oxford University Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195399592.003.0012.

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Now that all of the fundamental parts of a quantitative mineral resource assessment have been discussed, it is useful to reflect on why all of the work has been done. As mentioned in chapter 1, it is quite easy to generate an assessment of the “potential” for undiscovered mineral resources. Aside from the question of what, if anything, “potential” means, there is the more serious question of whether a decision-maker has any use for it. The three-part form of assessment is part of a system designed to respond to the needs of decision-makers. Although many challenging ideas are presented in this book, it has a different purpose than most academic reports. This book has the same goal as Allais (1957)—to provide information useful to decision makers. Unfortunately, handing a decision-maker a map with some tracts outlined and frequency distributions of some tonnages and grades along with estimates of the number of deposits that might exist along with their associated probabilities is not really being helpful—these need to be converted to a language understandable to others. This chapter summarizes how these various estimates can be combined and put in more useful forms. If assessments were conducted only to estimate amounts of undiscovered metals, we would need contained metal models and estimates of the number of undiscovered deposits. Grades are simply the ratio of contained metal to tons of ore (chapter 6), so contained metal estimates are available for each deposit. In the simplest of all cases, one could estimate the expected number of deposits with equation 8.1 (see chapter 8) and multiply it by the expected amount of metal per deposit, such as the 27,770 tons of copper in table 9.1, to make an estimate of the expected amount of undiscovered metal. As pointed out in chapter 1, expected amounts of resources or their values can be very misleading because they provide no information about how uncommon the expected value can be with skewed frequency distributions that are common in mineral resources; that is, uncertainty is ignored.

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Conference papers on the topic "Command Estimate"

1

Wilbanks, J. Justin, and Michael J. Leamy. "Uncertain Parameter Estimation Approaches for Increasing the Effectiveness of Command-Shaped Engine Restart Strategies." In ASME 2017 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2017-67548.

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This paper develops recursive least-squares (RLS) and extended Kalman filtering (EKF) approaches for estimating uncertain engine friction (and other) parameters necessary for successful implementation of a two-scale command shaping (TSCS) engine restart strategy. The TSCS strategy has been developed for mitigating vibrations in conventional and hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) powertrains during internal combustion engine (ICE) restart. Implementing the TSCS strategy increases the drivability of a HEV by reducing noise, vibration, and harshness (NVH) issues associated with ICE restart during a powertrain mode transition. This is accomplished primarily, by modifying the electric machine (EM) torque profile with linear and time-varying components over multiple time scales. For full implementation, the TSCS strategy requires input parameters characterizing the ICE which may be a) difficult to quantify, and/or b) uncertain due to their dependence on engine operating temperature and other environmental considerations. RLS and EKF algorithms tailored to TSCS are presented herein for estimating these parameters. It is shown that both the RLS and EKF algorithms can be used to estimate the necessary ICE parameters and increase effectiveness of the TSCS strategy. The EKF algorithm, in particular, estimates uncertain ICE parameters with minimal measurement requirements, giving it an advantage over the presented RLS algorithm.

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Groelke, Ben, Christian Earnhardt, John Borek, and Chris Vermillion. "Analysis of a Novel Command Governor-Based Adaptive Cruise Controller for Non-Cooperative Vehicle Following." In ASME 2019 Dynamic Systems and Control Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/dscc2019-9196.

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Abstract This paper presents a novel adaptive cruise control (ACC) strategy that utilizes a command governor (CG) to enforce vehicle following constraints. The CG formulation relies on knowledge of the maximum possible braking deceleration of the lead vehicle and a tunable assumption regarding the lead vehicle velocity profile (offering different levels of conservatism) to modify wheel torque commands to ensure safe following. In particular, a safe following distance is defined as one in which the ego vehicle can avoid collision with the lead vehicle and maintain a sufficient following distance in the event that the lead vehicle exerts maximum braking deceleration. The CG seeks to adjust the wheel torque command such that the aforementioned constraint is satisfied at every step in a prediction horizon (i.e., at every step, if the lead vehicle exerts maximum braking deceleration, the ego vehicle can brake and remain outside of the aforementioned buffer zone), which requires an estimate of future lead vehicle behavior. In this work, we explore different levels of conservatism with regard to this assumption. Simulations are presented for a heavy-duty truck, using a stochastic lead vehicle model that has been calibrated with actual traffic data. Even for the most conservative lead vehicle prediction models, results show that this CG-based ACC strategy can reduce braking energy expended (used as a surrogate for fuel wasted) by up to 78%, while improving drivability and reducing total trip time.

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Zou, Yunfei, and Prabhakar Pagilla. "Aircraft Flight Control Using Nonlinear Adaptive Backstepping." In ASME 2006 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2006-14784.

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The aircraft flight control problem is addressed via a nonlinear adaptive backstepping control. A reconfigurable flight controller is designed that achieves robust, high accuracy command angle tracking in spite of uncertain aerodynamic coefficients. The backstepping controller makes use of a recursive procedure that breaks down the control problem for the full system into a sequence of designs for lower order systems. The angular rates of the aircraft are considered as virtual inputs for slow dynamics, which includes velocity roll angle, angle of attack and sideslip angle, to track the given commands. It is assumed that the aerodynamic coefficients include uncertainties, and a gradient projection algorithm is used in an adaptive controller to estimate the uncertain aerodynamic coefficients. Stability of the proposed adaptive backstepping controller is shown and discussed. Finally, these results are applied to a nonlinear six-degree-of-freedom aircraft model. Simulation results are presented to demonstrate that the stability and high accuracy tracking performance is accomplishedin spite of uncertainties in the model.

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Xu, Heqin, Matthew Mallet, and Tamas Liszkai. "Turbulent Buffeting of Helical Coil Steam Generator Tubes." In ASME 2014 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2014-28868.

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Turbulent buffeting is the most common flow-induced-vibrating mechanism in the nuclear power industry since turbulent flow is present in virtually all power plant components and will always apply a random pressure to the surface of the structures wherever there is a flow over, along, inside or cross a structure. For each specific component subjected to turbulent buffeting, the applicable potential degradation mechanisms, such as wear, fretting, or fatigue must be identified so that appropriate evaluations can be performed. For SG tubing, the two degradation mechanisms associated with turbulent buffeting response are tube-to-support wear and tube fatigue, both of which can be evaluated using the root mean square (RMS) response of turbulence induced vibration. In this paper, a methodology is proposed and implemented using ANSYS APDL command objects to estimate the RMS response for multiply supported SG tubes, such as the helical coil SG tubes in the NuScale design. As expected, the random vibrations due to the lower velocities associated with the natural circulation design result in lower RMS responses, which help prevent wear and fatigue failures in reactor module components, such as SG tubes. The number of modes required to adequately capture the RMS response is examined. The cross-modal contributions to RMS response are also examined to provide a justification to exclude the cross-modal terms in future evaluations. In order to capture the dynamic behavior accurately, the hydrodynamic mass and mass inside the helical tubes are fully accounted for in the total effective mass along the SG tubes.

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Luta, Mimoza. "Managing and rewarding the estimated performance." In The 5th Human and Social Sciences at the Common Conference. Publishing Society, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.18638/hassacc.2017.5.1.223.

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Zhang, Chengyong, and Yaolong Chen. "High-Precision Tracking Control of Machine Tool Feed Drives Based on ADRC." In ASME 2016 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2016-66000.

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In this paper, the active-disturbance-rejection control (ADRC) is applied to realize the high-precision tracking control of CNC machine tool feed drives. First, according to the number of the feedback channel, the feed systems are divided into two types: signal-feedback system, e.g., linear motor and rotary table, and double-feedback system, e.g., ball screw feed drive with a load/table position feedback. Then, the appropriate controller is designed to ensure the closed-loop control performance of each type of system based on the idea of ADRC. In these control frameworks, the extended state observers (ESO) estimate and compensate for unmodeled dynamics, parameter perturbations, variable cutting load, and other uncertainties. For the signal-feedback system, the modified ADRC with an acceleration feedforward term is used directly to regulate the load/table position response. However, for the double-feedback system, the ADRC is applied only to the motor position control, and a simple PI controller is used to achieve the accurate position control of the load. In addition, based on ADRC feedback linearization, a novel equivalent-error-model based feedforward controller is designed to further improve the command following performance of the double-feedback system. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed controllers of both systems have better tracking performance and robustness against the external disturbance compared with the conventional P-PI controller.

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Fallahi, Behrooz, Arjun Kumar Perla, and Kyle Corn. "Computation of Common Normal Between Wheel and Rail Surface via Linearized Track." In ASME 2013 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2013-65608.

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Computation of contact points between the wheel and rail is a fundamental problem in dynamic simulation of trains. To compute these contact points, one needs to locate common normals first. The objective of this study is to develop an efficient method to compute common normals between wheel and rail surface. This is done by devising a method to compute an estimate of location of common normals and then using them as the initial guess to compute them. To generate an estimate of the location of common normal, a local approximation of the rail is constructed. To achieve this, the intersection of the vertical mid-plane of the wheelset with a track curve of a rail is computed and the tangent line at this point is generated. The rail profile is place on the tangent line and is swept along it. The resulting rail is called linearized rail in this study. It is shown that the four nonlinear equations governing the location of the common normal can be reduced to one equation in one unknown. This equation is referred to as reduced equation. A bracketing algorithm is added to identify the intervals within which this reduced equation changes sign. These intervals contain the zero of the reduced function. The zeros of the reduced equation are used to compute an estimate of the common normals. These estimates are used as an initial guess for a Newton iterate to accurately locate all common normals. It is observed that the CPU time to compute all common normals is of the order of mili-second.

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Stephens, Shawn S., Donald L. Kunz, William P. Baker, Joshuah A. Hess, and David W. Casbeer. "A Control Algorithm Framework for Time-of-Arrival and Arrival Airspeed Control." In ASME 2020 Dynamic Systems and Control Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/dscc2020-3126.

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Abstract This paper documents the framework for a control algorithm which commands an aircraft to arrive at a specified final location with constraints on arrival time, airspeed, and heading in an environment with steady state wind and turbulence. The path is defined as a variable-length racetrack, allowing for an accurate estimate of the arrival time which can be quickly changed by increasing or decreasing the size of the racetrack. The arrival time is estimated using Gaussian quadrature which allows for the inclusion of steady state wind into the arrival time estimate. The time-of-arrival error between the estimated and the desired arrival time is then minimized through real-time path and air-speed control. A sensitivity study was performed which varied aircraft performance, wind speed, wind direction, arrival time and magnitude of turbulence. The results show the controller achieved a time-of-arrival error of less than one second and arrival airspeed error less than four meters per second across all simulations with moderate turbulence and wind speed less than one third the desired airspeed of the vehicle.

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Shiina, Hiromitsu, and Nobuyuki Kobayashi. "Similar Comment Analysis Using Selector Rating Estimates in Relation to Comments." In IMCOM '18: The 12th International Conference on Ubiquitous Information Management and Communication. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3164541.3164637.

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Tafuri, Sebastian, Fredrik Ekstedt, Johan S. Carlson, Andreas Mark, and Fredrik Edelvik. "Improved Spray Paint Thickness Calculation From Simulated Droplets Using Density Estimation." In ASME 2012 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2012-70821.

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Advancements in the simulation of electrostatic spray painting make it possible to evaluate the quality and efficiency of programs for industrial paint robots during Off-Line Programming (OLP). Simulation of the spray paint deposition process is very complex and requires physical simulation of the airflow, electric fields, breakup of paint into droplets, and tracking of these droplets until they evaporate or impact on a surface. The information from the simulated droplet impacts is then used to estimate the paint film thickness. The current common way of measuring paint thickness on complex geometrical shapes is to use histogram based methods. These methods are easy to implement but are dependent on good quality meshes. In this paper, we show that using kernel density estimation not only gives better estimates but it also is not dependent on mesh quality. We also extend the method using a multivariate bandwidth adapted using estimated gradients of the thickness. To show the advantages of the proposed method, all three methods are compared on a test case and with real thickness measurements from an industrial case study using a complex automotive part.

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Reports on the topic "Command Estimate"

1

Gaetano, Mark, and Joe Draudt. Air Force Logistics Command Materiel Analysis Extended Year Estimate. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, May 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada196148.

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DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE WASHINGTON DC. Department of Defense U.S. Transportation Command Information Technology Exhibit, FY2001 Budget Estimate Submission. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada370813.

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DEPARTMENT OF THE AIR FORCE WASHINGTON DC. Air Force Reserve Command FY 2001 Budget Estimate, FY 2001 Military Construction Program. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, February 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada374456.

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AIR FORCE RESERVE ROBINS AFB GA. Fy 2000 Budget Estimate Air Force Reserve Command Fy 2000 Military Construction Program, Justification Data Submitted to Congress. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, February 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada360210.

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Murdock, Peter H. U.S. Army Nursing Readiness: A Field Administration of the Readiness Estimate and Deployability Index (READI) in the North Atlantic Regional Medical Command (NARMC). Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, May 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada420981.

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Latzman, Natasha E., Cecilia Casanueva, and Melissa Dolan. Defining and understanding the Scope of Child Sexual Abuse: Challenges and Opportunities. RTI Press, November 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3768/rtipress.2017.op.0044.1711.

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The enormous individual, familial, and societal burden of child sexual abuse has underscored the need to address the problem from a public health framework. Much work remains, however, at the first step of this framework — defining and understanding the scope of the problem, or establishing incidence and prevalence estimates. In this occasional paper, we provide an overview of the ways researchers have defined and estimated the scope of child sexual abuse, focusing on agency tabulations and large-scale surveys conducted over the last several decades. More precise estimates of the number of children affected by child sexual abuse would improve the ability of the public health, child welfare, pediatrics, and other communities to prevent and respond to the problem. We recommend using a comprehensive surveillance system to assess and track the scope of child sexual abuse. This system should be grounded by common definitional elements and draw from multiple indicators and sources to estimate the prevalence of a range of sexually abusive experiences.

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Strother, Russell T. The Counterdrug Effort: An Estimate for the Operational Commander. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, February 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada236877.

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DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE WASHINGTON DC. Department of Defense U.S. Transportation Command, Information Technology Exhibit, Fiscal Year (FY) 2001 Budget Estimates. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, February 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada374549.

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DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE WASHINGTON DC. Department of Defense. U.S. Transportation Command. Information Technology/NSS Exhibit. Fiscal Year (FY) 2003 Budget Estimates. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, February 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada400338.

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Author, Not Given. Estimates of early containment loads from core melt accidents. Draft report for comment. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6474274.

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