Academic literature on the topic 'Commerce, Africa: Congo (French)'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the lists of relevant articles, books, theses, conference reports, and other scholarly sources on the topic 'Commerce, Africa: Congo (French).'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Journal articles on the topic "Commerce, Africa: Congo (French)"
1
Wetterer, James Kelly. "Geographic Spread of Solenopsis globularia (Hymenoptera, Formicidae)." Sociobiology 66, no. 2 (August 20, 2019): 257. http://dx.doi.org/10.13102/sociobiology.v66i2.4333.
Full textAbstract:
Several species of Solenopsis have spread beyond their native ranges and have become exotic pests, most notably Solenopsis geminata (Fabricius) and Solenopsis invicta Buren. Here, I examine the geographic spread of a smaller, less conspicuous Solenopsis species, Solenopsis globularia (Smith). I compiled S. globularia specimen records from >700 sites. I documented the earliest known S. globularia records for 59 geographic areas (countries, US states, and major West Indian islands), including many for which I found no previously published records: Anguilla, Antigua, Aruba, Barbuda, Bonaire, British Virgin Islands, Congo, Curaçao, Dominica, Martinique, Montserrat, Nevis, St Kitts, St Martin, San Andrés Island, Senegal, Tobago, and Trinidad. Solenopsis globularia has a broad distribution in the New World, from Corrientes, Argentina (28.4°S) in the south to Craven County, North Carolina (35.1°N) in the north. Most S. globularia records came from islands. It is unclear whether S. globularia is native throughout its New World range. For example, it is possible that this species is exotic to the Galapagos Islands. All populations of S. globularia outside the New World are probably exotic, introduced through human commerce, including populations on Atlantic islands (Ascension, Cabo Verde, St Helena), Pacific islands (Hawaii, French Polynesia, Philippines), and Africa (Congo, Ivory Coast, Senegal). On the Cabo Verde islands, off the coast of West Africa, S. globularia is extremely widespread on all nine inhabited islands. Records from nine diverse sites in Ivory Coast indicates that S. globularia is well able to spread in continental Africa as well.
2
Martínez, Julia. "‘Unwanted Scraps’ or ‘An Alert, Resolute, Resentful People’? Chinese Railroad Workers in French Congo." International Labor and Working-Class History 91 (2017): 79–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0147547916000296.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractIn the late 1920s, the colonial government of French Equatorial Africa decided to employ Chinese workers to complete their railway line. The employment of Chinese indentured labor had already become the subject of considerable international criticism. The Chinese government was concerned that the French could not guarantee worker health and safety and denied their application. However, the recruitment went ahead with the help of the government of French Indochina. This article explores the nature of Chinese worker protest during their time in Africa and their struggle against French notions of what constituted appropriate treatment of so-called “coolie” labor.
3
Njoh, Ambe J. "The segregated city in British and French colonial Africa." Race & Class 49, no. 4 (April 2008): 87–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/03063968080490040602.
Full textAbstract:
A number of different techniques and rationales were used by the French and British colonial authorities to racially segregate cities in Africa - from the use of planning by-laws requiring European building materials, to the requiring of fluency in European languages in specific areas of towns. Here, the ways in which town planning policies were used to segregate cities in Madagascar, Congo, Guinea, Sierra Leone and Nigeria are considered.
4
Issie, Franchel Mbon. "Regulation of the Financial System in the Republic of Congo." Jurnal Ilmu Ekonomi Terapan 8, no. 2 (December 7, 2023): 297–311. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/jiet.v8i2.47074.
Full textAbstract:
After the 2008 subprime crisis, financial institutions in the Congo (Brazzaville) underwent a series of significant adjustments and reforms in line with their regulatory traditions of systemically important financial institutions, the evolution of the regulatory system, and the country’s financial development needs. This paper needs to analyze and study financial regulation in the Republic of Congo. This paper mainly analyzes the current situation of the financial regulatory system of the Republic of the Congo (Brazzaville), finds the problems in the financial regulatory system, collects accessible financial data and financial indicators, and constructs the financial regulatory system of the Republic of the Congo (Brazzaville) with principal component analysis. This paper uses the GARCH-CoVaR model to assess the contribution of banks’ systemic risk in Congo Brazzaville. Then, it constructs a risk assessment system for Congo based on the indicator method. The results show that banks’ systemic risk is not limited to the systemic risk of individual banks. The systemic risk of banks in the Republic of Congo mainly originates from six major banks: the Central Bank of the State of Congo, the Bank of Congo, the Bank of Commerce and Credit of Congo, the Savings Bank of Congo, the Central Bank for the Development of Central African States, the Central Bank of Africa, and the Central Bank of Africa.
5
MASSALA DILUKA, Frederik. "Regulation of Electronic Commerce in Africa: Current State (in French)." Journal of Foreign Legislation and Comparative Law 5, no. 6 (January 9, 2020): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/jflcl.2019.6.5.
Full text
6
Cornille, Jean-Louis, and Julie Ramilison. "Céline au Congo." Tydskrif vir Letterkunde 54, no. 1 (March 24, 2017): 129–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/tvl.v.54i1.8.
Full textAbstract:
If Louis-Ferdinand Céline au Congo influence on 20th century French literature is widely acknowledged, one is less aware of the influence left by his Journey to the end of the night on contemporary postcolonial Francophone Literature. In spite of the racist nature of his ideology, Célines profoundly "oralized" body of works showed the way to later generations on how to combine the written and the spoken word - a question which is at the core of contemporary francophone literature, as produced in Africa and in the Caribbean Islands. This is why writers such as Patrick Chamoiseau and Alain Mabanckou secretly refer to Céline; but in the case of Mabanckou we would argue that his interest for Céline has been sparked by readings of his compatriot and fellow writer, Daniel Biyaoula who blatantly made use of Journey to the end of the night to structure his novels.
7
de Vries, Lotje, and Joseph Mangarella. "Workshop Report: Tracing Legacies of Violence in French Equatorial Africa." Africa Spectrum 54, no. 2 (August 2019): 162–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0002039719872073.
Full textAbstract:
This report offers an account of an international workshop held at the Omar Bongo University in Libreville, Gabon, from 23 November to 27 November 2018. Bringing together specialists on and from Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Congo, Equatorial Guinea, and Gabon, participants reflected on the ways in which different forms of violence have historically had – and continue to have – an impact on social fabrics and several dimensions of politics. The workshop also sought to relate these legacies of violence to the region’s economies of extraction. The region is confronted with social and political turmoil that receives little international attention. The combination of simmering and open instability and the relatively marginal position of the region vis-à-vis the wider continent risks propelling several countries into outright political strife with regional repercussions. The debates concluded that further thinking on how violence permeates every aspect of social and political life is much needed.
8
Cumming, Gordon D. "Burying the hatchet? Britain and France in the Democratic Republic of Congo." Journal of Modern African Studies 49, no. 4 (November 9, 2011): 547–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022278x11000474.
Full textAbstract:
ABSTRACTAgainst the background of conflict in the Great Lakes Region, the UK and France promised, at their 1998 Saint-Malo summit, to set aside rivalries and cooperate on Africa. In subsequent Anglo-French gatherings, they singled out the DRC and pledged to work together there to promote peace and tackle poverty. This article asks whether this coordination took place and whether it involved a ‘deconflictualisation’ of approaches, ‘coincidental’ cooperation, or ‘sustained and reciprocal’ collaboration. It looks for evidence of institutionalisation of UK-French ties and policy cooperation in the fields of peacebuilding and poverty reduction. It then identifies the pressures for, and barriers to, collaboration, focusing particularly on the role of interests, foreign policy norms, institutional factors and resource constraints. It concludes by setting out the wider implications of UK-French cooperation and the limited prospects of closer future collaboration.
9
Sah, Zéphirin, and Raymond Menga-Poaty. "Memory and likeness of Fulbert Youlou (1947-1963)." International Journal of Social Service and Research 3, no. 1 (January 26, 2023): 92–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.46799/ijssr.v3i1.203.
Full textAbstract:
Under the colonial period, certain leaders of sub-Saharan Africa having received intellectual training gradually asserted themselves in the political arena. Among this elite, one of the emblematic figures is Abbé Fulbert Youlou, one of the fathers of the independence of the Congo between 1960 and 1963. He belongs to the Kongo ethnic group whose members were under French colonization, the head poster of the intellectual elite known as "the evolved" prepared to succeed the colonizer. This study displays the portrait of this character who marked the history of the young Republic of Congo. The duty of remembrance demands it from us especially on the eve of the celebrations linked to the 60 years of independence of the Congo.
10
Wynchank, Anny. "Perception of the relationship France–Africa by André Gide and Camara Laye." Tydskrif vir Letterkunde 46, no. 1 (November 9, 2017): 179–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/2309-9070/tvl.v.46i1.3475.
Full textAbstract:
André Gide, the French traveller, went to Congo and Chad in 1925, on an official mission. He noted his impressions in his journal, published later under two titles: Voyage au Congo (Voyage to the Congo) and Retour du Tchad (Return from Chad). He expressed delight at the flora and fauna but presented the Africans as primitive beings, without spiritual or cultural values. His travels turned into a humanitarian quest when he witnessed the treatment inflicted on the natives by employees of the monopolistic rubber companies. The dilettante and aesthete Gide became a man committed to a struggle to improve the life of Africans in these regions. The publication of his books, and of articles describing the situations, had important positive consequences. Thirty years after Gide, a Guinean writer, Camara Laye dismantled the clichés attached to these supposedly “primitive barbarians”. He offers another picture of the Africans and of Africa in his novel, le Regard du Roi (The Radiance of the King, 1954). The hero is a troubled Frenchman travelling in Africa. Camara inverted the roles traditionally attributed to Europe and Africa. The crossing of various regions is presented as initiatory tests which bring about the hero’s palingenesis. Camara shows that a spiritual Africa brought peace and salvation to the Frenchman. The article will contrast these perceptions.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Commerce, Africa: Congo (French)"
1
Audu, Janet. "Technology Adoption in Democratic Republic of Congo(DRC): An Empirical Study Investigating Factors that Influence Online Shopping Adoption." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/37349.
Full textAbstract:
The growing popularity of the internet and its activities have opened a wide range of business opportunities especially in terms of e-business. Though, reports show that the adoption rate of e-commerce in developed countries seem to be striving, a lot of developing countries still struggle with slow e-commerce adoption rate. Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) is one these countries where e-commerce adoption is still in its infant stages. However, because of the recent infrastructure improvements and the growth in telecommunication services in the country, internet penetration, more specifically, mobile Internet penetration is growing at a significantly fast pace. This could mean opportunities for e-business services in DRC.
The objective of this research is to investigate the factors that could influence online shopping adoption in DRC. This investigation was carried out by adapting an extended version of the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM). A quantitative approach was used in the collection of data and the data was edited and analyzed using the programming language, R. Also, the analytical techniques used in conducting this research include: Descriptive Statistical Methods (Cross tabulation, frequencies) and inferential Statistical Methods (Logistic Regression, ANOVA and Chi square tests).
The results from this research show that contrary to the conceptualized model in the literature review where the main constructs included: Perceived Ease of Use(PEOU), Perceived Usefulness(PU) and Perceived Trust(PT), it appears that Perceived Ease of Use(PEOU) does not have any significance in a user’s intention to shop online(p>0.01). However, this research found that Perceived Usefulness and Perceived Trust have a strong statistical significance to a user’s intention to shop online. Furthermore, we found that Gender, Income and Age do not have any moderating influence on the relationship between a user’s perception and their intention to shop online in DRC. However, when the relationship between
VI
perception and intention to shop online is moderated by experience, we find that there is a variation between users with prior online shopping experience and those without.
While these research findings make for remarkable recommendations on a user’s intention to shop online, we recommend that further research on actual usage of e-commerce be examined in DRC to get a better understanding of consumer online behaviors.
2
Nikis, Nicolas. "Archéologie des métallurgies anciennes du cuivre dans le bassin du Niari, République du Congo." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/276494.
Full textAbstract:
Le cuivre occupe une place importante en Afrique centrale tout au long du second millénaire, notamment dans les échanges. Les gisements du bassin du Niari au sud de la République du Congo, mentionnés dès le 16e siècle dans les sources européennes, ont ainsi joué un rôle économique d’envergure. Ils auraient contribué au développement de plusieurs entités politiques de la zone dont, notamment, le royaume Kongo.Les données directes sur la métallurgie primaire du cuivre dans cette zone restaient cependant limitées à cause du laconisme des sources historiques et de l’insuffisance des données archéologiques. Cette thèse avait donc pour but d’identifier, de dater et de caractériser les différentes productions de cuivre que le bassin du Niari a pu connaître, d’en comprendre le contexte technique, mais aussi sociétal et d’appréhender le rôle que ces productions ont pu jouer à l’échelle régionale, dans les échanges et au niveau sociopolitique. L’étude du matériel céramique et métallurgique récolté lors de trois campagnes de fouilles et de prospections a permis d’identifier plusieurs types de productions métallurgiques différentes rattachées à quatre grandes périodes d’activité entre le 9e et le 19e siècle. La diversité des pratiques métallurgiques et des assemblages céramiques associés suggère une occupation de la zone par des groupes distincts au cours du second millénaire. Ces groupes entretiennent des liens avec d’autres entités culturelles et politiques régionales et leurs productions s’insèrent dans des réseaux d’échanges dont les ramifications sont complexes et multiples. Si l’insertion des zones cuprifères dans ces réseaux varie au cours du temps, certains axes de commerce interrégionaux bien documentés au 19e siècle semblent déjà être bien établis au 14e siècle, attestant ainsi l’ancienneté des échanges sur de longues distances à l’ouest de l’Afrique centrale.Doctorat en Histoire, histoire de l'art et archéologie
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
3
Mpika, Claude. "Les médias privés et la problématique de la liberté de l’information et de la communication dans le processus de démocratisation en Afrique subsaharienne francophone de 1990 à 2016 : le cas du Congo-Brazzaville." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021LORR0101.
Full textAbstract:
La fin du XXe siècle restera sans doute à jamais gravée dans la mémoire collective ou dans l’histoire comme un moment es¬sentiel de bouleversements politiques marqué par les progrès de l’idéologie démocratique. Comme la plupart des pays d’Afrique subsaharienne francophone, la République du Congo s’est engagée au sortir de la Conférence nationale de 1991 dans un processus de démocratisation politique qui semble s’éterniser jusqu’à nos jours, entraînant la libéralisation entière ou partielle du paysage médiatique, plaçant ainsi la nouvelle presse écrite privée au cœur de la démocratisation de la société. Ce fut le moment de sonner le glas au monopole des médias publics et de permettre l’émergence et l’élargissement d’un nouvel espace public où devraient règner beaucoup plus dynamiquement le pluralisme d’opinions et la liberté d’expression. La floraison des journaux ayant entraîné une utilisation abusive de la liberté de ton retrouvée, la « ligne de démarcation » entre la presse et le monde politique reste alors floue dans un pays qui va faire face à une série de conflits sociopolitiques poussant la nouvelle presse écrite privée congolaise à se diviser en deux principaux camps, c’est-à-dire la presse pro-pouvoir et la presse pro-opposition. En nous appuyant sur des méthodes qualitatives et quantitatives, notre objectif à travers cette thèse est d’étudier comment le bihebdomadaire catholique La Semaine Africaine a traité les sujets ayant marqué l’actualité politique congolaise entre 1990 et 2016 en tentant d’identifier ses attitudes et ses prises de position face aux différents événements sociopolitiques. L’analyse de la pratique éditoriale de La Semaine Africaine, quoi qu’évoluant dans un cadre légal et institutionnel restrictif et contraignant, nous permet de comprendre que, grâce à sa liberté de ton, le journal catholique aborde sans complaisance et en toute impartialité tous les sujets d’actualité politique nationale, même ceux qui sont considérés comme sensibles pour le pouvoir en place. Espace d’expression de toutes les sensibilités politiques congolaises, sans distinction, La Semaine Africaine a joué un rôle important dans le processus de démocratisation du pays entre 1990 et 2016, en luttant pour la consolidation de la démocratie et en s’impliquant pleinement dans l’ouverture d’espaces de débats et dans la formation de l’opinion publique en faveur de la gouvernance démocratiqueThe end of the twentieth century will undoubtedly remain forever engraved in the collective memory or in history as an essential moment of political upheaval marked by the progress of democratic ideology. Like most countries of French-speaking sub-Saharan Africa, the Republic of Congo is committed at the end of the National Conference of 1991 in a process of political democratization which seems to drag on until our days, involving the whole or partial liberalization of the media landscape, thus placing the new private written press at the heart of the democratization of society. It was time to sound the death knell for the monopoly of the public media and to allow the emergence and enlargement of a new public space where pluralism of opinion and freedom of expression. The flourishing of newspapers having led to an abusive use of the freedom of your found , the “dividing line” between the press and the political world remains blurred in a country which is going to face a series of socio-political conflicts pushing the new Congolese private print press to be divided into two main camps, that is to say the pro-power press and the pro-opposition press. By relying on qualitative and quantitative methods, our objective through this thesis is to study how the biweekly Catholic La Semaine Africaine has treated the subjects that have marked the news Congolese politics between 1990 and 2016 by trying to identify its attitudes and its positions vis-à-vis different socio-political events allows us to understand that, thanks to its freedom of tone, the Catholic newspaper approaches without complacency and in all impartiality all the national political current affairs, even those who are considered sensitive to the government in power. Space of expression of all Congolese political sensitivities, without distinction, La Semaine Africaine played an important role in the process of democratization of the country between 1990 and 2016, by fighting for the consolidation of democracy and by getting fully involved in the opening of spaces for debate and in the formation of public opinion in favor of democratic governance
4
Janzon, Göran. ""Den andra omvändelsen" : Från svensk mission till afrikanska samfund på Örebromissionens arbetsfält i Centralafrika 1914-1962." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Teologiska institutionen, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-9371.
Full textAbstract:
The Örebro Mission was founded by John Ongman in 1891. Missionary work in Central Africa began through Ongman’s local church in 1914, at first within other mission societies, but was later continued by the Örebro Mission. From 1921 the Örebro Mission developed its own work in Middle Congo and Oubangui-Chari within French Equatorial Africa. The aim of this thesis is to study how the process of change took place, starting with pioneering work undertaken by Swedish missionaries and resulting in the founding of independent Baptist churches. The analysis is based on the classic three-self policy, aiming at self-governing, self-supporting and self-extending indigenous churches. Using the principal-agent perspective in history writing, the role and significance of a number of key persons are focused. The interaction between the internal process and the cultural, political and ecumenical contexts is taken into consideration. The thesis shows that the three-self formula was used from the beginning as a theoretical goal, but also that its realization was seen in a very long time perspective. Several steps were gradually taken in that direction, but the study shows that contextual factors became as important incitements for the change as the missionaries’ own theologically based motives. It rather took “a second conversion” from a colonial mental framework to speed up the process in its final phase towards the creation of African denominations and the integration into them in 1962 of the Swedish mission structure and work.
5
Mboyi, Moukanda Laure Cynthia. "La pratique des échanges commerciaux dans la société précoloniale du Gabon : XVIe-[XIXe] siècles." Phd thesis, Université Michel de Montaigne - Bordeaux III, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00984318.
Full textAbstract:
Cette thèse porte sur la pratique des échanges et du commerce dans la société précoloniale du Gabon. L'enjeu est d'étudier cette pratique en privilégiant un angle d'approche général au départ, et en mettant en œuvre une démarche analytique progressive, afin de saisir les acteurs, les modes de production mais également les produits faisant l'objet de ces échanges. L'objet " La pratique des échanges commerciaux dans la société précoloniale du Gabon : XVIe-XIXe siècle " se situe à la croisée des relations internationales, de l'analyse des contacts avec les peuples de " l'extérieur ", de processus d'européanisation et peut donc faire l'objet d'approche différentes selon les variables qu'on entend privilégier. Nous avons choisi de l'étudier selon une démarche non seulement historique mais anthropologique et sociologique qui nous conduisent à privilégier certains concepts clés : historique des peuples, étude de leur milieu et mode de vie, configurations de relations entre acteurs structurant un nouvel espace social d'interactions. D'un point de vue méthodologique, cette étude s'appuie sur une démarche qualitative et privilégie l'usage des entretiens : le corpus de compose d'une cinquantaine d'entretiens, complétés par l'audio-visuel, la littérature spécialisée et grise sur le sujet. Elle se compose de deux parties, découpées en six (6) chapitres totaux. Dans une première partie, la thèse se concentre sur l'historique des peuples du Gabon précolonial en prenant en compte les facteurs, les circuits et les dénouements des migrations, en l'occurrence les implantations de ces groupes ethniques dans leur habitat actuel. Elle s'étend ensuite sur l'étude de l'organisation sociale politique et culturelle des peuples à travers l'analyse des structures parentale, matrimoniale, juridique et culturelle. Enfin, cette partie précise le contexte et le jeu des différents acteurs à l'origine du développement de ces échanges : la production agricole et artisanale favorisée d'une part par la division sociale du travail et la spécialisation des groupes et d'autre part par les failles écologiques (l'inégal répartition de ressources, aridité des sols, animaux dévastateurs des cultures). Dans un second temps, la thèse fait porter l'analyse sur le déroulement des activités d'échange d'une part et de commerce d'autre part. Elle met en relief les différents circuits empruntés par les acteurs et les produits ainsi que les zones d'aboutissement. D'abord, elle fait une description des échanges en milieu local mettent en scène les membres des mêmes milieux ou des milieux proches les uns des autres. Cette interdépendance observée au sein des groupes avait comme base les liens de familiarité ou d'amitié entre ces différents groupes d'acteurs concernés. Ensuite, est évoqué le système d'échange hors des territoires, quoi que le concept territoire ne soit qu'employé de façon péjorative. Cette catégorie d'échange fait naître des contacts entre les populations avec celles des localités environnantes du nord au sud, de l'est à l'ouest. Enfin, le poids de l'abolition de la traite des noirs joue à un niveau macro comme obstacle des activités économiques des européens, ce qui soulève dès lors des enjeux capitalistes pour ces derniers. La naissance de cette économie de traitre, mais également son déroulement et son ascendance sur l'économie traditionnelle préexistante font l'objet de notre troisième et dernier chapitre de cette seconde partie. Entre héritage et ajustements de nature, ces politiques économiques vont mettre en place de types de monnaies, de produits et d'habitudes. Là encore, le poids des cultures et des habitudes étrangères à ces peuples, limitaient la pratique des échanges traditionnels, développant les effets d'apprentissage aux métiers pourvoyeur du gain.
6
Gomis, François. "Les nouveaux défis et enjeux de la politique étrangère de la France en Afrique francophone subsaharienne." Thesis, Paris 5, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA05D020.
Full textAbstract:
Des années 1960 jusqu’à la fin de la guerre froide, voire au-delà, l’influence voire la prépondérance de la France sur les territoires francophones d’Afrique noire est presque totale. Cependant, en ce XXIème siècle naissant, la compétition mondiale dans la recherche de nouveaux débouchés et de la sécurisation de l’approvisionnement énergétique amène inexorablement les grandes puissances à entrer en ‘‘conflit d’intérêts’’ par la pénétration réciproque des « arrière-cours ». Ceci est particulièrement vrai pour la France qui voit des pays tels que les Etats-Unis, la Chine, l’Inde, le Brésil, la Turquie, les pays du Golfe, etc., faire une entrée fracassante dans une région géographique qu’elle considère depuis longtemps comme sa « chasse gardée » compte tenu des liens historique, linguistique et politique. Ces nouveaux défis et enjeux pour la politique africaine de la France se mesurent désormais, à l’aune des transformations à l’œuvre sur la scène internationale avec la mondialisation et l’émergence de nouvelles puissances du Sud. Les défis et les enjeux sont importants pour l’action extérieure de la France et sa place dans le monde, compte tenu de la concurrence féroce des nouveaux acteurs et des changements des sociétés africaines en cours. Néanmoins elle possède encore des atouts économiques, diplomatiques et stratégiques susceptibles de lui permettre d’élaborer, grâce à l’espace culturel francophone, un projet original, ambitieux et porteur d’espoir. Pour ce faire, il faudra répondre aux deux interrogations suivantes : Comment réformer cette politique traditionnelle basée sur des relations étroites et privilégiées avec les dirigeants africains sans toutefois compromettre les avantages comparatifs de la France sur place? Quelle stratégie politique mettre en œuvre pour identifier les véritables intérêts communs des Français et des Africains francophones, en tenant compte des opportunités et des menaces, et les développer dans un partenariat mutuellement bénéfique ?From 1960s to the end of the cold war, even beyond, the influence even the supremacy of France in the French-speaking territories in Sub-Saharan Africa is almost total. However, in this 21st century, the world competition in the research of new markets and the security of the energy supply leads inexorably the great powers to enter in “conflict of interests” by the mutual penetration of the “back-yards”. This is particularly true for France which has countries such as the United States, China, India, Brazil, Turkey, the Gulf Arab States, etc., to make a dramatic entrance in a geographical area where she judged it for a long time as her “exclusive domain” considering the historical, linguistic and political links. These new challenges and issues for the African policy of France are measured from now on, in the light of the transformations at work in the world with the globalization and the emergence of new powers of the South. The challenges and the issues are important for the external action of France and its place in the World, considering the fierce competition between new stakeholders and the ongoing African society changes. Nevertheless it still has economic, diplomatic and strategic assets which enable him to elaborate, thanks to the francophone cultural center, an original project, ambitious and promising. With this aim in mind, it will be necessary to answer to the two following questions: How to reform this traditional policy based on close and privileged relationships with African leaders without compromising, however, the comparative advantages of France on the spot? Which political strategy has to be implemented in order to identify the real common interests of the French and the French-speaking Africans, by taking into account the opportunities and threats, and to develop them in a mutually beneficial partnership?
7
Makhanikhe, Tshimangadzo Justice. "Prospects and challenges of the South Africa-Democratic Republic of Congo Trade and Investment Relations (2000-2014)." Diss., 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11602/805.
Full text
8
Mwambazambi, Kalemba. "La contribution de l'Afrique francophone a la theologie africaine: specialement le travail de Kä Mana = The contribution of francophone Africa to African theology: a special focus on the work of Kä Mana." Thesis, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/1928.
Full textAbstract:
La mission de la théologie africaine face à une situation socio-politique, culturo-économique catastrophique de l'Afrique, due essentiellement à la question de la spiritualité sociale, d'intelligence sociale et l'aliénation culturelle, est de redynamiser la mission chrétienne, stimuler la renaissance spirituelle africaine et défendre les pauvres et les opprimés, parce que Dieu est toujours du côté d'eux. En effet, l'homme africain et sa société peuvent toujours être au centre de l'engagement théologique et de l'église d'Afrique, pour l'évangélisation comme pour la promotion sociale. Parce que l'homme africain n'est pas seulement individu, il est aussi société et culture. De ce fait, L'église d'Afrique avec ses différentes formes de théologies, n'existe pas pour elle-même, mais pour annoncer la Bonne Nouvelle aux africains. Cependant, cette Bonne Nouvelle n'a aucune pertinence aux yeux des africains si elle tombe en dehors de l'essentiel de leur vie. En d'autres termes, une théologie africaine, quelle que soit sa forme, mais, sans promouvoir la libération totale spirituelle et physique de l'homme Africain et motiver la reconstruction de l'Afrique telle que prônée par Kä Mana n'a pas sa raison d'être.
En plus, la théologie africaine peut également stimuler la vraie démocratisation des pays africaines comme principal enjeu de la pastorale théologique et politique des églises chrétiennes et religions traditionnelles africaines. Parce qu'au nom de la dignité de chaque personne, de l'amour de Dieu et l'amour du prochain, de la foi et du salut de tout homme, la théologie africaine ne peut négliger l'identité culturelle et anthropologique du terroir africain et le construit socioculturel inspiré de l'évangile. Cette théologie africaine peut également motiver la remise en question du néocolonialisme africain sous toutes ses formes.
Dès lors, le résultat de cette étude peut aider le missiologue/théologien africain qui est l'église de Dieu à bien accomplir sa mission prophétique selon la vision de Dieu, dans le but de transformer spirituellement et physiquement l'Afrique, aussi reconstruirer positivement la société africaine. Evidemment, le développement intégral de l'homme africain, selon moi, suppose le respect de la dignité humaine qui ne peut se réaliser que dans la justice, la paix, l'auto-transformation personnelle, l'éthique et une inculturation personnifiante.
Summary
The mission of african theology facing African socio-polical, cultural and economic catastrophe that due mainly to social spirituality, social intelligence and cultural alienation, is to revitilise christian mission, stimulate spiritual african renaissance and to defend the poor and oppressed, people by whom God always stands. Of course, the african and their community should always be at the heart of the theological engagement and of the action of the African church concerning evangelism as well ass social promotion. For the African embodies both his or her society and culture. Therefore, the African church and all their different theologies do not exist for their on sake, but rather for the African people to whom they should bring the good news. This good news is not relevant for the Africans as long as it does not deal with their main concern. In other words, whatever the forms of African theology, as long as it overlooks the complete liberation of the Africans, freeing them spirituality, promoting their spiritual and physical liberation and motivating the reconstruction of Africa as promoted by Kä Mana here, it will serve no practical purpose.
Besides, African theology has also to stimulate the democratisation of African countries as one of the targets of the African Christian churches and traditional religions. In the name of the dignity of each and every person, of the love of God and the love for the neighbour, that of faith and salvation of the humankind, African theology is not expected to neglect cultural and anthropological identity of the Africans terror and the sociocultural construct inspired by the Gospel. African theology can thus motivate the questioning of African neocolonialism in all its forms.
The result of this study can help African missiologists and theologians that are the church of God to fulfil well the prophetic mission after the vision of God, so as to bring about spiritual and physical transformation, and positively reconstruct the African society. As for me, the integral development of the African supposes the respect of their human dignity that can be materialised through peace, justice, personal sel-transformation, ethics and personifying inculturation.Christian Spirituality, Church History and Missiology
D. Div. (Missiology)
Books on the topic "Commerce, Africa: Congo (French)"
3
University, New York, and National Arts Club (New York, N.Y.), eds. Brazza in Congo: [a life and legacy]. Brooklyn, N.Y: Umbrage Editions, 2009.
Find full text
4
Colberts Afrika: Eine Wissens- und Begegnungsgeschichte in Afrika im Zeitalter Ludwigs XIV. München: De Gruyter Oldenbourg, 2014.
Find full text
5
After big game in Central Africa: Records of a sportsman from August 1894 to November 1987, when crossing the dark continent from the mouth of the Zambesi to the French Congo. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1989.
Find full text
10
Bazenguissa-Ganga, Remy, and Janet MacGaffey. Congo-Paris: Transnational Traders on the Margins of the Law (African Issues (International African Institute).). James Currey Ltd, 2000.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Commerce, Africa: Congo (French)"
1
Woolf, Leonard, and Peter Cain. "The Belgian Congo." In Empire and Commerce in Africa, 303–13. London: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003101246-13.
Full text
2
Putnam, Walter. "Writing the Wrongs of French Colonial Africa: Voyage au Congo and Le Retour du Tchad." In André Gide’s Politics: Rebellion and Ambivalence, 89–110. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-62532-1_6.
Full text
3
Woolf, Leonard. "The Belgian Congo." In Empire and Commerce in Africa, 303–12. Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781351022385-13.
Full text
4
Roberts, Stephen H. "French Equatorial Africa (The Congo)." In The History of French Colonial Policy 1870–1925, 338–74. Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429057502-9.
Full text
5
Coquery-Vidrovitch, Catherine, and Yvonne Brett. "French Congo and Gabon 1886–1905." In The Cambridge History of Africa, 298–315. Cambridge University Press, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/chol9780521228039.008.
Full text
6
"Gide’s Voyage au Congo: Africa as Début or Encore?" In Beginnings in French Literature, 133–43. Brill | Rodopi, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/9789004334175_011.
Full text
7
Schneider, Marius, and Vanessa Ferguson. "Congo (Republic of)." In Enforcement of Intellectual Property Rights in Africa. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198837336.003.0015.
Full textAbstract:
The Republic of the Congo, also known as Congo-Brazzaville, is found in Central Africa. It is bordered by Gabon, Cameroon, the Central African Republic, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, and the enclave of Cabinda, which belongs to Angola. Its population of 5.12 million in 2016 over a territory of 342,000 square kilometres (km) makes it one of the least densely populated country in Africa. The population is highly urbanized with more than half of the population living in the two largest cities, Brazzaville and Pointe Noire. The capital and largest city is Brazzaville. The official language of the Congo is French, but the Constitution also recognizes Lingala and Kituba as national vernacular languages. The currency used is the Central African franc (CFA).
8
Bokamba, Eyamba G. "D. R. Congo: Language and ‘Authentic Nationalism’." In Language and National Identity in Africa, 214–34. Oxford University PressOxford, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199286744.003.0012.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract What is known today as the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) represents one of the most multilingual nations in Africa with an estimated 214 living indigenous languages or ethnic groupings (Ethnologue 2005). To this number must be added French, the declared official language of DRC, and a few other non-indigenous languages (e.g. Lebanese Arabic, English, Greek, Hindi, Portuguese, and Wolof ) that are spoken by significant communities in urban centres. What the ultimate number of languages spoken in DRC may turn out to be and how accurate such a datum may be remain open questions in the absence of census data that include a linguistic component. What is certain, however, is that DRC is a stable multilingual state with twenty-one wellknown major indigenous languages with an estimated population of at least 500,000 each (Ethnologue 2005). Of these, four languages – Kikongo, Kiswahili, Lingala, and Tshiluba – serve as national languages in selected domains, with French as the official language in most public domains (Bokamba 1976, forthcoming).
9
Gerits, Frank. "Chapter 4 Redefining Decolonization in the Sahara, 1959–1960." In The Ideological Scramble for Africa, 84–102. Cornell University Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9781501767913.003.0005.
Full textAbstract:
This chapter looks into the redefinition of decolonization in the Sahara. It notes that negotiations about independence in Belgian Congo, British Central Africa, and French Algeria were profoundly shaped by Ghana's propaganda campaign and reconfigured diplomatic alliances in the North and South. The problem of African sovereignty was particularly urgent in 1959, following the atomic fallout on the African continent and the negotiations between colonial powers and African nationalists in the Belgian Congo and the Central African Federation. The chapter explains that the contested meaning of sovereignty was at the core of diplomatic debates following the explosion of the Sahara bombs. It highlights how the language of a Cold War arms race helped everyone avoid the real stakes of the debate, namely the future of African self-government.
10
Mandić, Danilo. "West Africa." In Gangsters and Other Statesmen, 105–23. Princeton University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691187884.003.0006.
Full textAbstract:
This chapter focuses on West Africa during 1989–2019. West Africa's transnational smuggling enterprises are hardly a novelty — or as menacing as they sound. Troc, or barter trade, is a way of life that preceded and survived colonialism. Commerce is known as al-frud, from the French fraude (fraud), reflecting the World War II-era tradition of regional smuggling. What is new in the globalized period is that mafias in five nations — and just as many budding ones — have played formative roles in regional politics. Three of the host states (Mali, Senegal, and Nigeria) were significantly torn by ethnocentric, separatist-controlled rackets in drugs and migrants (Azawad), marijuana (Casamance), and extortion (Boko Haram). Nigeria employed ethnocentric Niger Delta mafias to fight its northern separatists. In Niger's Agadez and Cameroon's Ambazonia, however, organized crime promoted cohesion.
Conference papers on the topic "Commerce, Africa: Congo (French)"
1
Kuksova, E. L. "Borrowing English in French-speaking Africa (on the example of the Congo)." In TRENDS OF DEVELOPMENT OF SCIENCE AND EDUCATION. НИЦ «Л-Журнал», 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.18411/lj-07-2018-25.
Full text
2
Quiniou-Ramus, Valérie, Rémi Estival, Pascal Venzac, and Jean-Baptiste Cohuet. "Real-Time Network of Weather and Ocean Stations: Public-Private Partnership on In-Situ Measurements in the Gulf of Guinea." In ASME 2013 32nd International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2013-10903.
Full textAbstract:
Monitoring of meteorological or/and oceanographic conditions is done on many Oil & Gas platforms offshore West and Central Africa (from Nigeria to Angola), but it is often only used in real-time and not necessarily archived on a hard-drive, or it is protected by each company’s IT firewalls thus making it difficult to send the information to the “outer world”. In 2010, TOTAL Oil & Gas Operator launched a project to give remote and public access to this real-time wind, current and also wave or other meteorological / oceanographic (“metocean”) data. The objectives of this initiative were multiple: • Improve weather and ocean hindcasts and forecasts, which will be beneficial to all Oil & Gas operations in Africa, • Help feed a database for future O&G developments; • Enable design checks after ∼1 year of operation; • Serve as a “black box” in case of an incident which could be due to environment; • Help feed or validate ocean and oil spill drift forecast in case of emergency; • Contribute to the international effort of monitoring the oceans in the long term (operational oceanography, climate change, etc.); • Encourage capacity building in Africa by supporting development and maintenance of technical solutions to reach objectives In 2013, with the support of the French Meteorological Office Météo-France, the data from half a dozen platforms offshore Nigeria, Congo and Angola will be available on the World Meteorological Organization’s (WMO) Global Telecommunication System (GTS). This paper will present the type of metocean stations that are part of this network “MODANET”, the IT architecture that was selected to send it out of the Company’s network, the quality control undertaken by Meteo France before sending it to the GTS, and future possible use of the data that are envisaged.