Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Commerce électronique – Études comparatives'
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Farouk, Weshahi Ahmed. "Le droit face à l'objectif de sécurité du paiement dans le commerce électronique : étude comparative franco-égyptienne." Aix-Marseille 3, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004AIX32020.
Full textThe specificity of the information and communication technologies has called for the creation of its own set of rules The French legislator, contrarily to the Egyptian, adopted some legal rules whose goal is to envelope the new technologies of information and communication in order to accentuate the confidence in the numeric economy. The objective of this study is to search, by means of the law, an establishment of a considerable level of security to the on line payment in electronic commerce. Thus, the first part is dedicated to the security of the instruments used in the on line payment in the electronic commerce. These instruments can be classified as classic instrument (the bank card) and revolutionary instruments (the electronic money). In the second part, we are interested by the security of the on line payment operation. Considering the internationalisation of the Internet network, the determination of the applicable law to the payment operation is a decisive element for the establishment of the legal security of this operation in the electronic commerce. In addition, the Internet network is world wide opened, which necessitates the utilisation of the electronic signatures as well as the cryptography in order to establish the determinative effect of documents exchanged during transactions, preserve the confidentiality of these exchanges, assure the identification of the parties and guarantee the non- repudiation of the electronic exchange
Naimi-Charbonnier, Marine. "La formation et l'exécution du contrat électronique." Paris 2, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA020056.
Full textTrabelsi, Riadh. "Contrats d'affaires et fonds de commerce dans le monde électronique : étude de droit comparé français et tunisien." Grenoble 2, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008GRE21004.
Full textAn electronic store can fill up all the conditions of fixity and permanence to conclude business contracts. Therefore, it constitutes an appropriate support for the selling of goods and services. In fact, the legal institution of "fonds de commerce" can be adopted to give a legal existence to this new economic reality, despite of its electronic character. Thanks to the idea of "legal universality", the business contracts can constitute an important element of the "fonds de commerce". It reflects with the other elements of the "fonds de commerce" the wealth of this particular institution of the French law
Fallah, Mohammad Reza. "Étude comparative entre le droit français et le droit iranien sur les dispositions concernant la formation des contrats applicables au commerce électronique." Strasbourg, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009STRA4007.
Full textContracts which are prevalent within the e-commerce industry carry two specificities of international importance, that of being, on the one hand, entered into over remote distances and that, on the other hand, of presenting themselves without necessarily any material support, is that of being virtual. These specificities raise a number of issues. First, one is faced with the substantive and procedural validity and effectiveness of contracts within private international law, which further impacts on evidential matters. Secondly, the protection of consumers as regulated by consumer laws has to be looked into. While the author has analysed these issues from a theoretical angle, built upon a comparative study of both French and Iranian positive laws, which have been amended in view towards rendering them applicable to the virtual world and namely that of the Internet, he draws heavily on passed problems which have been experienced from a practical point of view. The meticulous study of the subject has led to the overall conclusion that electronic commerce contracts can respond satisfactorily to the general regulatory requirements as imposed by both French and Iranian civil laws
Khadem, Razavi Ghassem. "Le nouveau cadre juridique des ventes en ligne : étude comparative franco-iranienne." Aix-Marseille 3, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008AIX32009.
Full textMankabadi, Dina El. "La protection du consommateur et l'instauration de la confiance dans le commerce électronique : (Etude comparée France-Egypte)." Montpellier 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009MON10008.
Full textHotait, Mazen. "Protection du consommateur dans les contrats conclus sur Internet." Paris 2, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA020038.
Full textChikhi, Kamal. "Le droit et l'informatique : manifestation et remèdes : étude comparative entre les législations des pays du Magreb et de l'Union européenne." Perpignan, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PERP0729.
Full textThere one day which passes without that we hear about Internet? Internet is a phenomenon of company (society). Internet is a new media. On the technical plan: it is the fleuron of the new information technologies. On the economic plan: it is the sign of the new economy and the globalization. On the social plan: two billion web pages, and more than two hundred million Internet users. Figures are exceeded before the end of their reading. The expansion of the net upsets not only the production of the knowledge, but exchanges also the legal rules. It is the objective to which we hope to contribute modestly with this study. " The developments relative to this subject appeared according to the following structure: In a first part(party), we bent over the e-commerce (definitions, reality, problems put by this new mode of business, meeting of the wills, assent, proof) As for the second part(party), we dedicated him(it), As for the second part(party), we dedicated him(it), completely, on examination of computer crime (malpractices, problems, application). La understanding of the functioning of internet and its history, seems necessary to encircle well the subject, and a study on the presence of the net on the market of the States of the Maghreb seems compulsory to see the dimension of the phenomenon. We dedicated a preliminary part (party) to the functioning and the inventory of fixtures. The countries of the Maghreb do not suffer from a gap in the law but from a legal lack, the State is invited to find solutions and to take advantage of the experience (experiment) of the countries which are exceeded to us to find solutions of the new legal and practical obstacles which put the internet. .
Chendeb, Rabih. "La formation du contrat de consommation, étude de droit comparé." Paris 2, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA020005.
Full textJaber, Abbas Youssef. "Les contrats conclus par voie électronique : étude comparée." Thesis, Montpellier 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012MON10012/document.
Full textNumeric economics is based on confidence. National legislations, European law, as well as the project of Lebanese law Ecomleb, take into account the importance of confidence in numeric economics. Consequently, legislators have thrived to overcome the obstacles that may prohibit the conclusion of electronic legal contracts.In this study we have analyzed the legal regulations that govern electronic contracts in order to establish correlations with common law regulations. The contract formation phase, including the electronic offer content and acceptation, was particularly analyzed.In general, electronic contracts constitute an issue of great international controversy. Rules of competences of jurisdiction and the applicable laws are especially disputed.In conclusion, we have established that the legal value of electronic contracts depends to a great extent on the legal value of the electronic script and signature. Despite the presence of numerous projects concerning this subject in Lebanon, the established correlation does not apply
Attia, Hassan Hassanein Magdy. "Le régime juridique du contrat international de vente électronique : étude comparée de droit égyptien et français." Paris 13, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA131006.
Full textThe study of electronic selling requires the analysis of this concept, the characteristics that distinguish it from a traditional sales contract and a global vision on the world of internet. The international characteristic of the electronic sales contract and the evidence field also represent this peculiarity of this contract which is the subject of our study. Initially, it is discussed the criteria that determine the jurisdiction of the courts either in Egypt or in France. Then we go to the determinations of the competent court for the parts of the contracts, and the role of electronic arbitration in resolving disputes relating to the contract of sale under cyber space relationships. The latter, we used as a kind of standard. Then the study is dedicated to the law applied to the international electronic contract. This will be determined by two ways the first is the means by which we will obtain this law and the second concerning its limitations. Firstly, we will analyse the elements of the contract on which this law will be applied. Secondly, the exclusion of the cases in which the law can not be applied, for example, as we have seen in our research some cases where the contract enter in the categories of the consummation contracts
Al, Shattnawi Sinan. "Les conditions générales de vente dans les contrats électroniques en droit comparé franco-jordanien." Thesis, Reims, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012REIMD003/document.
Full textSummaryE-commerce activities and the legal frame that results from them raise many relevant questions. Especially those related to the protection of the layman buyer.Concerning this issue, and in the framework of fundamental rules. The professional seller should bring to the knowledge of the consumer all the legal rules laid down by the law in a clear and concise way before the conclusion of the e-contract. Thus, will be cited precisely: the identity and address of the seller (professional), particularly a detailed description of the steps leading to the conclusion of the contract. This is the case in the European and French law. E-contracts are also subject to legal rules framed by the obligations of and the seller the buyer such as delivery, reception, payment, e-signature of the contract, the right to withdrawal or repayment. Within the framework, we show a great interest towards the legal rules set up by lawmakers in the French law. It seems necessary for us that such accurate legal rules regulate e-commerce activities in the Jordanian law. The reason why we made some propositions in this thesis.Our study shows that general sales conditions are standard clauses and components of the adhesion contract binding consumers and professionals that represents the specificity of general sales conditions.Furthermore, those common clauses can be classified in two categories either related to the lay out of the contract or related to the accomplishment of the contract. At these two stages of the lay out of the contract, the consumer is protected by the legal frame provided by the French law who bans abusive clauses. Some of these rules can be transposed to the Jordanian law.Key words: Islamic law, Jordanian law, consumer, recipient, sender, delivery, guarantee
Alleme, Apo. "La protection du consommateur à l'épreuve des technologies de l'information et de la communication : étude du droit ivoirien à la lumière du droit français." Thesis, Perpignan, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PERP0016/document.
Full textInformation and communication technologies (ICTs), which encompass all the tools and techniques resulting from the convergence of telecommunications, have revolutionized the behavior and habits of consumers. These technologies are not limited to the Internet, the rise of which has renewed the problem of consumer protection. In response, the Ivorian legislator, through the 2016 law on consumption, tried to be consistent with international standards relating to consumer protection. The new mechanism adopted is in addition to current Ivorian law and the Community legislative framework (UEMOA and ECOWAS). However, the system is proving insufficient and, in some respects, unsuitable for consumer protection, especially in the event of a sale through the ICT channel. These deficiencies occur at the time of the formation and enforcement of the sales contract. In this context, the French legislative framework that extends its sources in European Community law can, in many ways, inspire the Ivorian legislator. It does not entail the total transposition of the French system into the Ivorian law. Actually, with the new challenges of ICTs, the protection of the consumer can only be guaranteed by the search for equilibrium between the consumer and the professional
Shaaban, Hossam. "La régime fiscal des activités de commerce électronique : étude comparative." Thesis, Montpellier 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010MON10055.
Full textThe question of this study is that if these electronic activities can be submitted to the tax or not. If the answer is positive, it poses another problem is how the taxation framework for electronic commerce activities is. It is worth mentioning that American fiscal policy rested on a rule whose e-commerce activities do not subject to tax. These activities are characterized as being dematerialized, which poses several difficulties in establishing the tax. First, the nature of paperless electronic commerce activities may pose the problem of localization of parts and later the difficulty in identifying the taxpayer and electronic transactions. Yet such is a cross-border paperless and difficulty of determining the rules of territoriality applicable. Second, this study requires showing whether the general principles of tax law either Egyptian law or French law can be applied to electronic commerce activities or not. Finally, and after exposing all the problems relating to the establishment of tax e-commerce activities, the methodology of this research leads the researcher to address the means to solve these problems
Barbe, Lionel. "Internet, du média à l'individu média : enjeux socio-économiques de la presse en ligne, le cas français comparé aux cas européen et américain." Paris 2, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA020092.
Full textKuyven, Luiz Fernando. "La responsabilité précontractuelle dans le commerce international : fondements et règles applicables dans une perspective d'harmonisation." Strasbourg, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010STRA4006.
Full textThis thesis offers a contribution to the harmonization of the precontractual liability at international level, through the proposal of a single foundation and appropriate rules. It analysis the solutions adopted by several national legal systems, the lessons of international commercial practice, the original developments introduced by the doctrinal initiatives of harmonization of contractual law and the new EU regulations affecting this subject
Taoufiki, Rachid. "Les usages devant l'arbitre du commerce international en droit comparé." Perpignan, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PERP0636.
Full textIn principle, jurisdiction is reserved to the State's courts. Nevertheless, the contracting parties are able, if they some express will, grant this competence to arbitration justice. The arbitrator will have therefore for mission to settle the disagreement, but to the difference of the State's judge, it does not return the justice in the name of a State, nor in the framework of a national lawful system. Therefore, when he decides on the question of the applicable right, the arbitrator enjoys a wide liberty. Thus, it can attribute competence to the State's rules or to the usages of the international commerce. The question that puts itself is to know if this liberty of which enjoys the arbitrator remains limited by the reference of the parties to the applicable right, or if she exercises herself even in case of designation absence by the parties of the applicable right
Licari, François-Xavier. "La protection du distributeur intégré en droit français et allemand : une contribution à l'étude de la compensation du déséquilibre contractuel dans les contrats de concession et de franchise commerciales." Université Robert Schuman (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000STR30023.
Full textThis work aims at identifying and analysing the different institutions of contract law and of commercial law, which compensate or could compensate the imbalance of powers and values that characterizes this kind of contractual relation. The thesis deals with the questions of misrepresentatian, unfair clauses, certainty of price, but also with the importance of the principle of good faith and fair dealing (article 1134, al. 3 C. Civ. : § 242 BGB). The role of the rules of the commercial agency in unifying the "statute" of the tied distributorship is developped too
Yang, Caixia. "La validité de la convention d'arbitrage dans le commerce international : étude comparative." Paris 2, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA020021.
Full textVigneron, Sophie. "Étude comparative des ventes aux enchères publiques mobilières : France et Angleterre." Nancy 2, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004NAN20001.
Full textNguyen, Thi-Hai-Van. "De la construction à l'application du droit de la propriété intellectuelle : l'exemple du droit des marques au Vietnam : regards comparatifs sur les expériences française et vietnamienne." Toulouse 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010TOU10017.
Full textThe recognition and the implementation of the protection of the intellectual property rights in Vietnam become more and more complex, especially after the Bilateral Trade Agreement with the United States comes into effect and Viet Nam's accession to WTO and to the TRIPS. The newly-formed and weakness of the current legal system risk to compromise the obligation to international conventions relating to the protection of the Intellectual Property rights committed by Vietnam. As well, the priority given to the improvement of institutions was carried out in parallel with legislative reform, without neglecting the enforcement of the protection of the Intellectual property rights by means of administration and judicial. References from the French's intellectual property rights legal system that conform to demands of the TRIPS Component of the WTO, will provide rich informations to fill in the gaps and to come up with solutions for issues in the IPR of Vietnamese's legal system under construction. The comparative method allows taking into consideration specific demands of the situation from a country like Vietnam, and to choose among the possible options, one that best reflect the legal tradition of the country as well as most respect the social-economic interests of Vietnam. Therefore, the research in the frame of this thesis may contribute, even modestly, in the creation of a modern theory of the Intellectual property rights in Vietnam
Torbey, Karim. "Les contrats de franchise et de management à l'épreuve du droit des sociétés : étude de droit français et de droit libanais." Paris 2, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA020020.
Full textAckad, Magued. "Le contrat de franchise en Egypte : étude comparée de droit français et égyptien." Montpellier 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001MON10042.
Full textBu, Abbas Ali. "Le Contrat de franchise en droit français et en droit koweïtien." Strasbourg, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010STRA4008.
Full textFranchising is a contract which is binding two legally independent persons in the purpose of collaboration, the franchiser giving to the franchisee his distinguished signs and know-how with a payment in return and the commitment of the franchisee to use them according to a uniform commercial technique. Franchising is the repetition of a commercial success beforehand experimented by the franchiser. The implementation of the franchising contract involves the application of an anthology of rights such as contract law, competition law, trademark law and others distinguished signs law. The franchiser must communicate to the franchisee all the precontractual informations imposed by the law. The franchiser and the franchisee have mutual bonds. Franchising takes consequences both towards the execution of the contract and towards its extinction. This thesis carries out a comparative analysis of the franchising contract between the French and the Kuwaiti law
Madjiwei, Ngarlem Ngarguinam. "Le droit pratique des affaires au Tchad : quelle place pour le commerce informel?" Paris 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA010271.
Full textAnfossi-Divol, Joan. "L' usage et l'enregistrement, éléments essentiels de l'harmonisation du droit des marques : une approche comparative des droits franco-communautaire et des Etats-Unis d'Amérique." Paris 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA010272.
Full textPaulmann, Steffen. "Wirksamkeit von Haftungsausschlüssen und -begrenzungen im deutsch-französischen Warengeschäftsverkehr." Université Robert Schuman (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004STR30005.
Full text(Cotutelle de thése franco-allemande/German language/summary in French:30 p. ) The present work deals with the questions of conflict of laws alter German and French private internationallaw, including the question of applicability of the UNIDROIT Principles as weil as the Principles of European Contract Law of the LANDO commission. Principle interest then is given to the different modes alter German and French law conceming the control of a contract's validity and especially of its restricting or excluding remedy clauses. Furthermore, it is discussed how the national rules of validity control should be construed with respect to a contract having an international context and especially when being govemed by the Vienna Convention of international sales in goods. Finally, the mechanism of validity control after the UNIRDROIT and LANDO Principles is examined, as weil as their possible influence on the interpretation of national rules being applied to international commercial contracts
Parvin, Mohammad-Reza. "Les aspects juridiques de la brevetabilité des inventions biotechnologiques : comparaison internationale." Paris 2, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA020040.
Full textJouidi, Driss. "L'exploitation commerciale du navire affrété en droit français et comparé." Nantes, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994NANT4005.
Full textThe operating of commercial chartered ships in french and comparative law this is an indepth analysis of the widespread changes occuring in the running of chartred commercial shipping contracts. Despite the uniformity of these contracts numerous vaque clauses in charter parties affect the interpretation and application of the shipping contracts. As a result, the many difficultes require the frequent modification of the charter parties, and the considerations during the negociations often go begond the purely economie. The operating of commercial shipping contracts also suffers from a confusion regarding the person responsible for the third party, especially when many people are closed linked to the shipping operation. This confusion results from either the absence of one responsible person. Or to the existence of several people who can be held responsible for the carrier. An effort to the normalize the operating of commercial shipping contracts would reduce the ambiguity and incoherence of certain charter party clauses, and would significanty improve their exploitation
Laffoucrière, François. "La résolution des conflits d'usage en mer : Le cas des obstacles à la circulation des navires de commerce en Manche : Bilan et perspectives : Étude de droit français et de droit anglais." Paris 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA010300.
Full textChen, Tzung-wen. "Industrial innovation and innovation community : studies on the semiconductor industry in Taiwan and the vaccine industry in France." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008IEPP0004.
Full textThe concept of "innovation system" has acquired a dominating position in the field of innovation research since the 1990s. However, this perspective can not explain why in the same context some industrial innovations can succeed and others do not. Mainly based on formal organizations, the concept of innovation system does not take into account the notion of power and ignores the effect of conflict that plays an important role in industrial innovation. The cases of the semiconductor foundry and the IC design sectors in Taiwan presented in the first part of the thesis, as well as the cases of vaccines such as BCG, Mutagrip, Hevac B, Prevenar and Gardasil in the French vaccine industry which constitute the second part of the thesis, demonstrate the significance of sociological factors in the history of each industrial innovation. The industrial innovation is a collective action that goes beyond the organizational boundaries and goes against the actual order. But it is not without discipline. Between the formal structure and the freedom of innovators, there is a form of collective action which meets the interests of actors for the achievement of an industrial innovation. These actions, according to the thesis, were constituent of an innovation community. It is a local order established by key players of each innovation, taking advantage of their powers in the system of formal organizations, pursuing opportunities to mobilize the necessary resources for innovation activities. The thesis therefore propose a bottom-up model of industrial innovation, based on the action rather than the actor, which can help overcome the problems faced by the innovation system in explaining industrial innovation
Tébili, Zézé Odette. "Les marques de l'Organisation Africaine de la Propriété Intellectuelle (OAPI) : étude comparée des droits français, communautaire, africain." Toulouse 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007TOU10059.
Full textRenou-Saillard, Marie-Annick. "Amérique et Europe dans le destin de Porto au XVIIIe sìècle : ou le trafic maritime de Porto d'après les balances de commerce : 1796-1822." Paris 10, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA100010.
Full textSchmit, Virgile. "Jugement de confiance et décision d'achat sur les sites e-commerce : études sur la notation multicritères." Thesis, Paris 8, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PA080041/document.
Full textElectronic word-of-mouth became in few years an essential tool to seek information about products and services. Almost all e-commerce websites now use a simple rating system. Very few of them offer a multicriteria rating system to judge the features of products and associated services. Current research has been focused on simple rating system, even though the multicriteria rating system offer benefits for both the consumer and the merchant. This thesis addresses the multicriteria rating under the scope of cognitive processes, especially the central role of trust in the act of purchase and the self-depletion inherent to the decision making process. Results show that the augmentation of the number of criteria within a rating system increases the trust in the merchant. Results also show that manipulating self-depletion of the subjects and the variability of sub-ratings compared to the average rating, the availability of cognitive resources moderate the variability effect. This leads to a polarization effect in judgment and purchase intention. When subjects have available cognitive resources, judgment and decision making are produced by both emotional and cognitive systems, whereas they are missing, judgment and decision making are mostly a result of the emotional system. Research perspectives in the field of cognitive psychology and ergonomics are discussed
Socher, Ulrich. "La face cachée de l'autonomie : management et performance des équipes autonomes dans deux alumineries, en France et au Canada (Québec)." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000IEPP0014.
Full textFeng, Shujie. "L' intégration du droit de l'OMC touchant à la propriété intellectuelle dans l'ordre juridique interne : étude comparée franco-chinoise concernant le droit des brevets." Paris 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA010268.
Full textBitouzet, Christine. "Le concept de communauté : un levier pour le développement du commerce électronique ? : Analyse et études de cas de la construction de l'offre de service en ligne." Palaiseau, Ecole polytechnique, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001EPXX0037.
Full textReifegerste, Stephan. "Pour une obligation de minimiser le dommage." Paris 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA010261.
Full textJabeur, Fathen. "L'évolution du niveau d'adoption des affaires électroniques par le secteur forestier du Québec." Thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2008/25345/25345.pdf.
Full textArtigas, Alvaro. "Intérêts économiques et institutionnalisation du commerce extérieur : une comparaison Russie Brésil du rôle des groupes d’intérêts industriels sidérurgiques et textiles." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012IEPP0004.
Full textThis dissertation analyzes the transformations of public action in terms of foreign trade in two emerging countries, Brazil and Russia, since the beginning of the transition to democracy and market economy in 1990 and until the year 2006. By doing so, the analysis gives a central place in the representation of interests, and changing preferences of industry players during the period. Two fundamental questions guide this research: the evolution of a participating policy reforms promoted by free-market regulation of world trade, the genesis and development of foreign trade policies during the period, to explain the effects related to the introduction and institutionalization of a series of new policy instruments within the scope of this policy. This dissertation presents three results: from an analytical perspective the necessity to combine an analysis determined the change (continuity vs. Break), with an analysis that allows to account for basic nuances and complexity of the reconstruction process at work; from an empirical perspective, the dissertation shows the emergence and consolidation of an autonomous public sector in action in each of these states. Finally, this dissertation stresses the importance for emerging countries of new forms of public action that reflect local rules of world trade. These transformations are characterized by a gradual de-politicization of decision-making as much as by a changing role of institutions in charge of trade policy, where the ability to steer social interaction takes precedence over other modes of regulation
Cret, Benoît. "L'émergence des accréditations : origine et efficacité d'un label." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007IEPP0028.
Full textStudents cannot “try” or “experiment” degree curricula in order to choose the best of them. Henceforth their choice cannot rest on experience, repetition and comparison. The accreditation agencies aim at helping them equipping them with distinctive “labels”, thus helping them make their choice. The “labels” would then help reduce the uncertainty on the quality of the services that are exchanged within the market. The subject of the PhD deals with the creation and the increasing role played by the three main accreditation agencies within Europe : AACSB (the Association to Advance Collegiate Schools of Business), EQUIS (the European Quality Improvement System) and AMBA (the Association for MBAs). The main problem may be formulated as follows : how could these agencies gain legitimacy so swiftly ? The research distinguishes two main questions : -The one that deals with the genesis of the accreditation agencies, - And the one that deals with their persistence and their efficiency. First we highlight and compare the so-called diversity of the expansion of the three agencies. Then we focus on the the impact of the three accreditation processes within three French “Grandes Écoles” and three English Business Schools. This will lead us to explore the notion of trust (within the accreditation agencies, the accreditation process and the accreditation themselves). Finally, the “labels” will be considered as a collective form of classification that will enable us to deal with the problems of genesis and efficiency
Maur, Jean-Christophe. "L'effet des législations antidumping sur le comportement des producteurs." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999IEPP0010.
Full textThis research undertakes the analysis of the effects of antidumping on firm behavior. Theoritical, empirical and factual works are realised. The study of antidumping borrows heavily from 10 theory. This is understandable since antidumping complaints are often brought by oligopolists. We stress in particular the incitation created by the threat of antidumping and injury factors. Theory shows us that collusion and capture of the legislation are possible outcomes. As often with imperfect competition results depend on the structure of the market and overall effects may be counter-intuitive we show e. G that in the presence of adverse selection leading to dumping behavior, antidumping will lower the average quality of products offered. In an emperical study furthers the theorical part, we first look at the investigation against Korean drams, a reminder of the proceeding against japanese drams. However, the outcome appears different this time; we believe that an explanation lies in the opportunistic behavior of the plaintiff. The memories memories industry was sensitive to the complaint, which the event study econometric analysis we conduct thereafter confirms. In a second empirical work, we propose to undertake the study of the diffusion of some cases across user countries which we name "echo". After having defined the concept of "echo", we make a census of it and conclude to its high frequency. We offer three explanations: the strategy of multunational on several markets, imitation with positive externalities and cascading protection from one country to another
Pyun, Young Sug. "La résolution des conflits entre marques et noms de domaine : étude comparative Europe-Asie." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AIXM1044.
Full textThe domain name was invented to identify on Internet. His value has become an important resource for companies. The domain name was recognized a kind of distinctive sign by jurisprudence. The principle of "first come, first serve" is applied for registration. The problem is that there is no system to filter in advance some applications that may bring about a problem.Domain names may conflict with other distinctive signs, particularly with the trademarks. The causes of conflicts can be explained by the differences in systems. In principle, the disputes related to domain names come mainly from the practice of cybersquatting. The emergence of cybersquatting and their rapid increase of conflicts hinder legal security.To resolve these conflicts, two procedures can be used: the administrative procedure and the judicial procedure. The UDRP procedure has been implemented by ICANN. This procedure is evaluated as a less expensive, fast and efficient. Many countries including the France operate the administrative procedure that is very similar with the UDRP. With regard to disputes '.eu', the ADR procedure was launched. Each country's courts are currently trying to resolve disputes related to cybersquatting by the laws such as trademark law, unfair competition law and civil law. As each country's legal systems are different, the applied criteria aren't the same.In conclusion, the legal system to regulate conflicts between trademark and domain name is developing internationally and domestically. It is necessary to harmonise the system of resolution of disputes at the international level
Jeanne, Aimée. "L'intégration négative des marchés aux Etats-Unis et dans l'Union Européenne." Thesis, Paris 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA010288/document.
Full textThe establishment of an internal market results, in legal terms, from a dual mechanism: a mechanism of negative integration and a mechanism of positive integration. Negative integration refers to the prohibition addressed to the States and their local authorities, ta impede interstate movement of goods, persons, service and capital. The U.S. Constitution and the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union contain provision allowing the integration of state markets. The Supreme Court and the Court of Justice of the European Union have played, in this context, a major role in specifying the meaning ta be given ta these provisions. They have in this regard, developed a similar framework to identify measures that are likely to restrict freedom of movement and ta examine whether such measures could be justified by a legitimate interest of the States. They way left to the States differs, however, substantially since the goals of negative integration are only partially identical. American case law is, indeed, essentially based on the anti-protectionist doctrine while F.U case law is based on a more dynamic principle of market liberalization. This difference is indicative of different approaches regarding the purposes of each Union and the roIe of the judge. The U .S. judge ensures, above all, that the division of competences, as provided by the Constitution, is enforced whereas the role of the ECJ is essentially to guarantee market integration
Marie-Vivien, Delphine. "Le droit des Indications Géographiques en Inde, un pays de l'Ancien monde face aux droits français, communautaire et international." Phd thesis, Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Sciences Sociales (EHESS), 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00587307.
Full textGiappichelli, Gaia. "I poteri di controllo e sorveglianza sui lavoratori in Italia e Francia : limiti e tecniche di tutela." Paris 10, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA100017.
Full textManagerial power, which is "inside the labour law", is above all a simple fact, a prevailing influence that can be exercised by the employers on their employees. Over time managerial power has evolved as a result of increases in the "opportunistic behaviours" that have been pursued by employees, behaviours that arose as result of an evolution in production tasks. In response to the opportunistic behaviours, employers strengthened , the intensity of the hierarchic controls and used to their own advantage the disciplinary measure menace. This increase of employer power, particularly recognizable in the temporary work or in the work schedules, matches with a structural weakening of labour law. I analyze a types of managerial power, including the powers to monitoring, schedule, to set work norms around working conditions. Moreover, to shed greater light on the matter I pursue a comparative analysis, contrasting the French and Italian cases. What is interesting about these two cases is that they both have similar conceptions of the employee, while also being influenced by the construction of the European Union, which is trying to harmonize national differences pertaining to labour law. Despite these similarities, however, we find that the construction of managerial power has evolved differently over the last 30 years
Duvernay, Daphné. "Approche communicationnelle de l'émergence et du développement de projets innovants : le cas de l'enseignement supérieur à distance en France et au Brésil. Dispositifs, médiations, pratiques." Toulon, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004TOUL0017.
Full textCommunication of change is the framework used to analyse the introduction of distance learning technologies withnin the organisations-institutions of the publis sector. The practices of change are led by collectives of grass-roots actors, university researchers, whereas in these large university institutions, change is traditionally led by strategic actors. A comparative international study conducted in French and Brazilian universities shows that practices of change, even if they are inferred by an international context, involve the structuring of the collective of grass-roots actors in an artefact-organization finalized around the new project. The actors thus engage in a strategy of communication, first to experiment change through an artefact-type of communication, the though an institutionalizing process. This search for recognition comes within the scope of an enlarged organization at infra, micro, meso, macro and metalevels, where power relationships create a twofold organisational recomposition : from change to university organisations-institutions, but also university organisations-institutions, but also from organisation-institutions to change, through the impetus given by the macrolevel
Wu, Lingyi. "Le rôle de la congruence perçue dans un contexte de distribution "multicanal" en Chine : trois études sur les influences "cross-canal" des prix et des assortiments." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAG008/document.
Full textAlong with the globally rapid development of e-commerce, multichannel retail including both brick-and-mortar and online stores is in 2016 the standard for the sellers. However, such justified strategy not always guarantee retailers’ success in commercial campaigns. Most of the time the difficulties arised from the lack of efficient coordination between the online store and its offline counterpart based upon their respective attributes. On the basis of the percieved congruence concept, this dissertation investigates subjects’ evaluation on store attributes between the different channels of the Chinese multichannel retail market. Through the Depth Interview (Study 1), it was found that Chinese multichannel consumers prefer the multichannel shopping behavior. They like the between-channel congruence but also expect to enjoy the incongruent situation which indicates their propensity to compare the between-channel prices and assortment. The two quantitative studies identified the perceived congruence as a determinant to the subjects’ evaluation towards the retailer. More precisely, the more congruence subjects perceive from the cross-channel price policy, the more price fairness subjects judge, turns in more favorable attitude toward the retailer (Study 2). In contrast, when the subjects perceive more schema incongruity, from the cross-channel assortment, they evaluate more variety (Study 3). But this consequence only occurs when the cognitive process is not constrained. In addition, both price fairness perception and variety perception are identified to mediate the effect of congruence perception on subjects’ attitude toward retailers. Besides, subjects’ experimental involvement, does not statistically support the moderation effect interacting with congruence perception on subjects’ evaluation regarding channel store attributes, but the marginal effect in visualization indicates that researchers must, in future study, keep investigating the relevant influences between involvement and congruence perception
Su, Yii-Der. "Les litiges en matière de marque : contribution à une étude de droit comparé entre la France, la Chine continentale et Taïwan." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017STRAA029.
Full textThere continues to be significant developments in intellectual property law in the wake of the technological revolution and the globalization phenomenon. This thesis seeks to analyze procedures for settling disputes by comparing three decidedly different judicial systems: France (the « cradle » of Civil law legal system) on the one hand, contrasted with two entities of diverging judicial traditions, namely Mainland China and Taiwan. We will take up two trends in particular: a strengthening of administrative power and at the same time a movement toward harmonizing settlement procedures.The strengthening of administrative power is evidenced by its “specialization” and extension of its competence in the area of intellectual property rights. Thus, in Mainland China local administrative authorities can enforce administrative laws to expediently deal with intellectual property disputes. In France, on the other hand, the growth of administrative power can be seen in the transposing of the 2015 future directive regarding the harmonization of trademarks within the European Union, which attributed competence to the INPI for the first degree examination in the revocation and invalidity procedures.The harmonization of trademarks is also visible in the introduction of a reinforced “customs seizure” mechanism in Mainland China and Taiwan. Furthermore, with the establishment of specialized courts, the Taiwanese legislature became the first of the three justice systems to create an intellectual property court in 2007
Amaral, Pedro. "Le contrat de franchise au Brésil." Thesis, Montpellier 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010MON10072/document.
Full textAs any other developing country, Brazil is very sensitive concerning foreign investments, which stimulates its industry and commerce, domestically or cross borders. At the same time, legal safety is one of the keys in this Brazilian international commerce consolidation, especially vis-à-vis Europe and France, in order to ensure a sustainable and continuous development of the country. In this context, in 2001 already, several political and legal aspects were mentioned by the World Bank and the French Government as true barriers to foreign investment : bureaucracy, work force cost, taxation, technology transfer, and the respect to contracts and international treaties. The present essay aims to contribute to the development of the relationship between Brazil and the franco-european investors, by providing a better comprehension of the Brazilian legal system, through a comparative analysis of the franchising agreement, which demands deeper studies in view of its complexity, concerning particularly contract law, competition and intellectual property