Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Commerce extérieur – Pays en voie de développement'
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Cardebat, Jean-Marie. "Commerce Nord-Sud et inégalités salariales dans les pays industrialisés." Bordeaux 4, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000BOR40008.
Full textAbabou, Mohamed Ali. "Le comportement et la performance à l'exportation des entreprises des pays en voie de développement un essai d'explication." Paris 10, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA100086.
Full textThe only way to understand the international behavior of firms is to consider its interaction with the environment of the country or of the industry. So we shall research, on the case of the developing countries, the basic principles which do not vary whatever the country or the industry, and the effect of the environment on these principles. The first axis of the synthesis of the results obtained consists of the enlightening of the conditions of action of certain variables which have already been used in the developed countries. Four of these variables (size of firms, exporting experience and effort, market strategy) have all, in a universal way, a noticeable effect on the export performance. The second axis in the results is the discovery of certain determinants of the export performance which are specific to the developing countries environment. The pressure of the local market is revealed as a primary stimulus for export success. The International Life Cycle, as represented by the product sophistication, seems to explain exports towards less developed countries without reference to the absolute level of development of the countries studied. The foreign control of the firm results in export restraints. When the product or the technology are sophisticated, International Sub-Contracting allows a higher level of exports, but might be detrimental in the long run. In the reverse situation, international Sub-Contracting acts as a curb to export development. Market diversification appears as the only likely dimension of the internationalization process of the developing countries firms. The study of the determinants of export performance has resulted in implications for the management of the exporting firms, for export promotion policy, and for theoretical research
Valli, Stéphane. "Changements techniques, commerce et développement. Synergies et effets contrariés : essai sur les relations Nord-Sud depuis les années soixante." Grenoble 2, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003GRE21003.
Full textLazo, Cristina. "Les négociations commerciales multilatérales et les pays en voie de développement." Paris 10, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985PA100086.
Full textShepherd, Benjamin. "Development perspectives on trade growth at the extensive margin." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2008. https://spire.sciencespo.fr/notice/2441/5341.
Full textThis dissertation examines the links between international trade and economic development through the lens of export growth at the extensive margin. By extensive margin growth is meant either trade in previously untraded products, or trade in existing products between new country pairs. The three chapters of this dissertation represent some of the first contributions to the literature in this area with an approach anchored in development policy concerns. They contribute to a clearer understanding of the links between firm heterogeneity, extensive margin growth, and development. In addition, they provide new insights into the importance of domestic regulations and institutions in terms of developing country trade performance. Chapter one shows that diversification in the product dimension is influenced by the costs and trade and market entry in the exporting country. Chapter two shows that similar factors also affect diversification in the geographical dimension. Chapter three takes the opposite approach, showing that product standards in importing countries can affect export diversification overseas. All three chapters use trade models incorporating heterogeneous firms to motivate the empirical work undertaken
Pishbahar, Esmaeil. "The effects of European Union trade policies on agricultural imports from developing and poor countries." Rennes 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008REN1G002.
Full textThe European Union (EU) is the biggest agricultural market. Most of EU's import sources are developing countries and least developed contries 'LDCs). The agricultural exports of LDCs have an important role in development of these countries. The international trade can act as an engine of growth and poverty reduction. Enhanced market access for the LDCs would provide them the means to harness trade for development and poverty reduction. Preferential trade agreements play a central role in forming trade opportunies for numerous developing countries. The EU supplies numerous trading agreements. Some of EU's preferential regimes grant free-duty market access for the LDCs (like EBA-Everything But Arms). Nevertheless, the Eu will allow duty-free and quota-free access to imports of rice originating from the LDCs from September 2009 within the framework of EBA. Hence, this research focuses on the relationship between EU's trading agreements and changes in the market access of beneficiaries. This research consists of four papers. First, the effects of the EU's trading agreements are studied with a gravity model and aggregated data. The results indicate that a large number of Eu's RTAs support the agricultural exports of developing countries to the Eu market. Nevertheless, one of the most important and unilateral RTAs (EBA) has the negative effect over agricultural exports to Eu. Second, the changes of market access for a special product (here rice) are considered with an Armington model and disaggregated data. Our empirical results show that when the Armington model is estimated ignoring the tariff and the non-homothetic parameter, results may be biased and of uncertain validity. In addition, the simulation findings demonstrate that in spite of a large difference between import tariffs rates of Surname and other countries, its market share would not change greatly. It shows the weak capacity of LDCs (such as Surinam) to compete with developed countries (such as the US)
Ewango, Bolia. "Les obstacles non tarifaires dans les relations commerciales entre pays en developpement." Paris 5, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA05S008.
Full textThe protectionism remains an bostacle to the expansion of international commercial exchanges. Even it uruguay round recent negociations have been the most important ones in the history of international trade, it could be a mistake to think they blocked the process. The countries fertile imagination is always on the look out for new and intricate means of protection. These appear in the shape of tariff and non tariff measures. The commercial barriers of this last category are well known for their multiform and accuit characters. Broadly speaking, the exchanges restricting measures find their origine in various texts of countries internal legislations. But they could also follow from voluntary restraint agreements of regional agreements whose restrictive effects are directed against the trade of third countries. The south-south exchanges, often occulted by the north-south stream of exchange, are not exempt of protectionism. So, despite many agreements settled between developing countires, their mutual trade remains the weakest link in the chain of international exchanges (its share is about 7%). Development necessities, economical restraints and even political reasons pushed them to apply massively restrictive measures
Yapaudjian-Thibaut, Anne. "Commerce Nord-Sud et inégalités : une évaluation en équilibre général calculable." Pau, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PAUU2002.
Full textIn the industrialised countries, in the 1980s, the rise in wage inequality and unemployment takes place in a context of intensified competition and development of trade flows. The objective of thesis is to examine the linkage between globalisation and labour market. Within the framework of North-South relations, we will focus more precisely on the distributive conflict generated by an exogenous trade policy. The first part of the thesis exposes the main theoretical and empirical lessons on the impact of trade openness under perfect competition hypothesis. Then, we develop an applied general equilibrium model with a multi-region and multi-sector specification, to assess the impact of North-South Trade on earnings distribution in industrialised countries. Simulations show that the ongoing North-South globalisation does not generate necessarily a net loss for unskilled labour. In the second part, the research work is devoted to an analysis of the effect of North-South trade with imperfections in both goods and labour markets. We show that imperfections in goods market do not lead to reconsider fundamentally the trade impact. Nevertheless, the employment and wage adjustments, generated by globalisation, are closely linked through labour market paradigms
Goubi, Nadji. "Politiques d'attractivité et IDE : application à un panel de quinze pays en développement." Paris 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA020008.
Full textHaddouche, Fatiha. "La mondialisation du commerce et les pays en voie de développement : génèse et réalité." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005VERS018S.
Full textADecolonized countries built their independence on a development based strategy under government control. These countries gathered together inside the UN and the UNCTAD to claim a new international economic system, in order to change the international law into an international development law. According to international law's principles the public aid creates, under certain conditions, a debt causing an imbalance of developing countries. International financial institutions are the sole option for these countries. They are required to applu programs of structural adjustment which tip them over on a global, free and competitive market: an obligation that totally ignores social implements and throws developing countries in competition with developed nations. Most of developing countries, having had their power thwarted, formed or strengthened associations of regions, communities and neighbors, to join or withstand globalization
Charly, Leïla. "Echanges extérieurs, investissements directs étrangers et croissance des économies nationales." Paris 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA020015.
Full textLemba, N'Ky Ndju-Ndju Dombasi. "Étude économétrique et stratistique des pays en voie de développement exportateurs des matières premières non pétrolières : élaboration d'un modèle macro-économique : 1960-1982." Paris 10, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985PA100135.
Full textNguyen, Thi Thanh Binh. "Le système de règlement des différends de l'OMC : étude des enjeux pour les pays en développement." Bordeaux 4, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010BOR40056.
Full textVarela, Liliana Veronica. "Essais sur la finance et la croissance." Paris, EHESS, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014EHES0053.
Full textFinancial markets play an important role in promoting economic growth. However, they are subject to large financial frictions in developing economies. This thesis explores the causes of these frictions, their heterogeneous impact on agents, and their effects on the channels through which finance can spur growth in these economies. Each chapter is devoted to the analysis of one type of financial imperfections. The first chapter argues that the economic downturn observed in emerging markets following interest rate shocks can be associated with financial frictions affecting non-tradable activities. Using a new database on sectoral output and credit in emerging markets, I show that changes in credit conditions significantly affect output growth in the non-tradable sector, but they only affect output marginally in the tradable sector. The second chapter investigates the causes of the increase in aggregate productivity following financial openness. It argues that this expansion can be mainly attributed to reductions in distortions in capital markets that promote competition and encourage investments in technology through two sources. First, better credit conditions encourage firms that gain access to international funds to raise their innovation efforts. Second, pro-competitive forces induce their market rivals to do the same. The third chapter analyzes whether imperfections in futures markets lead firms to align their trading and financing decisions. It shows that firms' export elasticity to exchange rate can be substantially larger than previous estimates if firms are exposed to imbalances between the currency denomination of their assets and liabilities
Teeroovengadum, Vittiyaiye. "L’accord sur la facilitation des échanges et le développement durable des petits états insulaires en voie de développement : un cas d’étude sur l’Ile Maurice." Thesis, Paris 10, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020PA100113.
Full textThe development of a country cannot now be seen only from the economic point of view, the social and environmental aspects must also be considered. The various trade conventions and decisions must promote and enable sustainable development. The thesis examines the link between the articles of the Trade Facilitation Agreement (TFA) and the seventeen Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) of Small Island Developing States (SIDS). TFA is the last major agreement of the World Trade Organization, its purpose is to make trade in goods more fluid through an efficient import, export and transit system among others. The agreement will help less developed countries to participate more actively in international trade. The substantive articles of the TFA are critically studied in the light of sustainable development but also the articles which deal with the mechanism of implementation of the TFA. The latter is very particular and innovative because it adapts to the level of development of the country. The SDGs most affected by the implementation of the TFA have been identified. In addition, this thesis considers the context of the SIDS which are countries with particularities specific to them and Mauritius is studied as a case study to allow a critical analysis of the subject. Recommendations for the WTO and SIDS are made for effective implementation of the AFE
Diaw, Diadié. "Économies émergentes d’Asie et commerce Sud-Sud : application au cas du Sénégal." Rouen, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010ROUED005.
Full textThe objective of this thesis is to analyse the role played by the Asian emerging countries in South-South trade. It tries to capture specificities that may arise from trade between Sub-Saharan Africa and the Developing Asia. Moreover, it addresses the determinants of export performance in the southern countries and the externalities provided by the Asian developing countries on the expansion of trade in Sub-Saharan Africa. It shows that for all African countries, South-South trade is expanding either regionally or in relation to the Developing Asia. Using the case study of Senegal, we notice that initial trade with developed countries is getting weaker relative to trade with Southern countries. This thesis shows new evidence about demand externalities and knowledge transmissions that developing countries can get from South-South trade. So, South-South trade may influence countries’ export performance better than other trade orientation. But, even though South-South trade is growing very fast since the beginning of the new millennium, important structural problems remain (mainly for the African countries) and tend to hinder gains from trade opportunities. This thesis insists on the fact that developing countries must take more supply oriented policies in order to better capture opportunities in South-South trade linkages
Abbes, Ons. "L’impact de la spécialisation sur la stabilité économique : le cas des pays émergents." Thesis, Paris Est, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PESC0001/document.
Full textThe fast growth of the world trade during the last two decades was characterized by an improved performance as well as an economic instability of emerging countries. According to the literature, the technological specialization is often associated with growth, competitiveness and economic stability. Recognizing this, we analyze the impact of the specialization of emerging countries on their growth and on their economic stability and we estimate the impact of the competitiveness (itself related to specialization) of these countries on their export performance.In a first chapter, we outline the contours of the notion of specialization according to the various theories.Having determined as objectively as possible a list of emerging countries referring to the most criteria used in the literature and having measured the degree of specialization of these countries, we study the map of the technological specialization in emerging countries over the 1995-2014 period. According to this cartography, we notice a bad orientation of their specialization. These countries are essentially characterized by a strong specialization in Labour-intensive and resource-intensive manufactures and low-tech items that are low value-added specialization. The specializing in high technology is largely driven by imports. Exports are mainly drawn by assembly activities.In the second chapter, we first assess the impact of technological specializations of emerging countries on their economic growth and we compare the results with those found in the developed and developing countries. We find that different types of specialization have a positive impact on the growth of emerging countries. But this positive impact cannot hide the misdirection of this specialization (result of Chapter 1).Second, we study the impact of competitiveness (price- and non-price competitiveness) of emerging countries on the development of their exports. We note that the impact of price-competitiveness on the evolution of the exports of the countries in our sample depends on the indicator used. It is negative when we use the exchange rate and positive when we use productivity.We also find that the impact of the structural competitiveness, measured by the expenses in the high technology and by the specialization in the high technology, is positive. It can be explained by the more and more increasing world demand in the high-technology products.In the last chapter, we focus on the relationship between specialization and economic stability and we compare this relationship with that observed in developed countries. We find that countries whose specialization is based on natural resources are more unstable and that the impact of specialization in high technology depends on the country's level of development. The impact is negative for developed countries and positive for emerging countries. This difference in the impact may be due to the assembling policy used by most emerging countries and which leads to import of high-tech products (HT) as parts and components
Boutaourout, El Houcine. "La place des pays en développement dans le système commercial multilatéral : (de la création du GATT à nos jours)." Paris 5, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA05D008.
Full textThe place of the developing countries in the multilateral commercial système evolved in several stages to arrive at the current situation. The birth of the multilateral commercial system started with the failure of the Charter of Havana and with the creation of GATT in 1947, whish was at its beginnings far from all concerns concerning the developing countries. The interests of the developing countries started with the adoption of Part IV, under the impluse of the UNCTAD, the SGP and then with the clause of enabling and graduation. Uruguay Round, was a major stage in this process which allowed the adoption of the Agreements of Marrakech in 1994 and the birth of OMC. The assessment of these agreements is mitigated, certain preserve the interest of the developing countries, other not. The rest was marked by the six ministerial Conferences of OMC and the launching of a new Cycle of negotiation which has difficulties to end
Diaz, Pedregal Virginie. "Le commerce équitable ou la juste répartition : critique du système de production et de distribution équitable à travers l'exemple des organisations des producteurs de café en Equateur, Pérou et Bolivie." Paris 5, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA05H006.
Full textThis work deals with the different ways by which goods and wealth are distributed in fair trade. We intend to show how fair trade, and a priori equitable and generous idea, can provoke injustice and question the very notion of justice. The first part of our work deals with the Northern countries' ideological construction of the principles of justice in fair trade. We present the history of the movement and show the various tendencies of fair trade in France. In the second part we analyze practices of exchange and the effects of "fair division" in coffee organizations using fair trade in the Andean context. We study the way beneficiaries perceive fair trade, and its importance within the communities. Finally, the third part presents some philosophical theories regarding domestic and international justice. It exposes our thesis about the reasons underlying dissensions between groups practicing fair trade. Our standpoint is that its actors refer to divergent justice principles arising from dissimilar and hardly compatible social ideals
Jouanjean, Marie-Agnès. "Market access and food standards : insights from the implementation of US sanitary and phytosanitary regulation." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2012. http://spire.sciences-po.fr/hdl:/2441/7o52iohb7k6srk09n20k7c4r6.
Full textThis PhD thesis contributes to this debate over standards as barriers or catalysts to trade and provides evidence of the impact of standards on developing countries’ capacity to gain and sustain markets access in food produce. Because of the complex and very much heterogeneous nature of NTMs, various methodologies have been developed. The analysis in this PhD adopts a direct approach to the measurement of food related standards using two unique data sets. By disentangling productivity from quality sorting in horticultural exports, the first paper investigates the impact of food safety standards and consumers’ preference for quality on developing countries’ capacity to export high care and differentiated agricultural products (HCAs). Using an extended version of the previous dataset, the second paper shows that reputation is an important factor in the enforcement of sanitary and phytosanitary (SPS) measures. The third paper analyzes the ins and outs of U. S. Phytosanitary regulation. The empirical analysis shows that the regulatory framework of phytosanitary regulation is captured by interest groups. Moreover, controlling for other factors, the analysis shows that lower-middle income and low income countries are respectively less likely to have access to U. S. Domestic market and less likely to take advantage of open trade lines
Hafid, Hicham. "L' impact de la libéralisation des échanges entre le Maroc et l'Union européenne sur l'économie marocaine." Aix-Marseille 3, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010AIX32026.
Full textThe subject of thesis falls under the attempt to evaluate the effects of trade liberalization between Morocco and the European Union on the Moroccan economy. To examine these effects, the adopted approach is based on general equilibrium modelling for performing various simulations. We build a Model of General Equilibrium Model (CGE) static, enriched, subsequently, by integrating the approaches of the new theory of international trade including: imperfect competition and increasing returns to scale, and finally, by rational expectations ( dynamics inter-temporal). This thesis, examining the effects of trade liberalization on the Moroccan economy by 2010, has a double objective: The introduction of imperfect competition and increasing returns showing the positive impact of the open policies on the wellbeing of the agents by the reduction of the capacity of monopoly of the firms and the possibility of exploiting economies of scale. Modelling inter-temporal behavior shows that liberalization negatively affects some variables in the short term, but its impact on the all indicators are positive in the long-term
Stefano, Sarah. "Le retour de l’État en droit international des investissements." Thesis, Paris 10, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA100055.
Full textThis work is exclusively focused on the economic impact of international investment law. It is shown here that only a positive economic impact can legitimize the existence and use of this normative framework
Chellaf, Aziz. "Le traitement spécial et différencié dans les accords du GATT/OMC : l'apport de la déclaration de Doha." Thesis, Tours, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008TOUR1005.
Full textThe Declaration of the fourth world trade Organization Ministerial Conference set itself the goal of making special and differential treatment more precise, effective and operational. The keynote of the conference being development, the Doha Declaration marked a return to including special and differential treatment in trade negotiations after the results of the Uruguay Round had reduced it to mere transitional provisions. The new impetus given to special and differential treatment was striking in several respects : access to markets, access to medicines, technical assistance, etc. This interest in the issues of developing countries came at a time when they were very active within the Geneva institution. Through the use of the dispute settlement mechanism or the various coalitions in the institution, developing countries became aware of the benefits which could be gained by fully participating in the WTO process
Didier, Laurent. "Commerce Sud-Sud et "nouvelle" géographie du commerce international : le rôle des économies émergentes." Thesis, La Réunion, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LARE0020/document.
Full textThis thesis emphasises five aspects of relations between South-South trade and « new » geography of international trade. We particularly pay attention to the links between BRICs (Brazil, Russia, India, China) and sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) but also between China and SSA. The first part attempts to demonstrate some characteristics concerning the mutation of South-South trade relations. In the Chapter 1, the heterogeneity of BRICs is confirmed from some factors of bilateral trade flows with SSA. In the Chapter 2, the South-South trade flows play a significant role in the geographic diversification of intra-African trade in terms of new trading partners. In the Chapter 3, the assumption of a trade reorientation of ex-colonies since independence with China at the expense of former colonial powers has been empirically validated. The second part studies the linkages between the foreign economic policy and South-South trade. The findings of the Chapter 4 highlight the significant impact of the « One China policy » on Chinese and Taiwanese trade flows through the economic diplomacy. The estimates of the Chapter 5 confirm the heterogeneous average effects but also over time of the African trade agreements on trade according to the nature of trading partners, the kinds of trade agreements and their overlapping
Atsin, Aimeric Laurent. "Incidences de la crise économique mondiale sur les pays en voie de développement : cas de la Côte d'Ivoire : analyse macroéconomique en équilibre générale calculable des canaux de transmissions de la crise." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/22202.
Full textBoukinda, Ange-Simplice. "L' Europe, la France et l'accord général sur les tarifs douaniers et le commerce de 1960 à 1967." Paris 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA010549.
Full textLautard-Mattioli, Clémence. "La politique préférentielle de l'Union européenne en faveur des pays en développement au regard du droit de l'OMC : chronique d'une mise en conformité difficile." Thesis, Paris 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA010296/document.
Full textThe European Union (EU) Preferential Treatment aims at granting an easier access to the common market. For the Developing Countries, the interest of such a policy is to enhance their exportation ability, and consequently, to secure growth and development since two decades, this policy is constantly and thoroughly changing. To analyze this mutation we have to consider the way the World Trade Organization (WTO) Law is integrated by and within the European instruments, as the EU is due to abide by it. In practice, this obligation was often breached. The EU and the WTO are related in a strong but complex way. Compliance is the instrument used in order to ensure the observance of WTO law: li has been imposed by the WTO framework and translated within the EU law. Nevertheless, compliance has different meanings depending on which provision is analyzed. The specificity of the European instruments legal basis, as well as the complex relationships between the two legal systems, led to a complex process of compliance. If progress is real, various issues remain unresolved. To some extent, the reform of the EU preferential treatment is a threat for the originality of European instruments toward Developing Countries. This process raises also questions about the relationship between bilateralism and multilateralism
Rossignol, Raphaël. "Dimensions stratégiques et sécuritaires de I'exploitation des ressources naturelles d'Afrique subsaharienne par la Chine." Paris, EHESS, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016EHES0140.
Full textThe purpose of this thesis is to consider the economic and political relations between China and sub-Saharan Africa to the extent that they involve security issues. The selected angle is used to link three perspectives, starting from a classical approach measuring the real importance and describing the mechanisms of China-Africa economic relations. Then follows a more detailed discussion about the terms of the exploitation of African natural resources by Chinese publicly owned companies. Finally ensues an analysis of the role played by those of these Chinese enterprises that work in the defense industry at large. This thesis examines how China deploys strategic thinking around the competition between Beijing and the Western powers for the operation and control of African natural resources. In this context, the risks faced by Chinese companies are represented as well by the political instability of some of the countries where they operate, and by the interventions of foreign powers in these conflicts to protect competing interests of those in Beijing. These conflicts are indeed likely to break Chinese supplies to prevent Chinese companies to operate and even to overthrow or weaken political allies of Beijing. To counter those risks, China is increasing its military commitment to the continent by selling its trading partners defenses in the form of weapons and military training. These exchanges involve the Chinese defense industries, which are also conglomerates operating in the exploitation of natural resources. These companies are therefore at the heart of this competition between China and the Western powers, as part of their activities (arms transfers) is expected to offset the destabilization caused by the other party (the exploitation of natural resources)
Festoc, Frédérique. "Reinsertion des pays d'europe centrale dans le commerce mondial : la voie europeenne." Nantes, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996NANT4014.
Full textThe integration into the world economy was one of the first difficult tasks which was awaiting central european countries from the very beginning of their transition towards market economy : the recent political and economic changes have lead to a sharp break with the trade isolation which these countries have known for the last forty years. Trade liberalisation, in particular with the european union, has played a determining role right from the start of the economic transition process. This research work offers, not a complete study of all the trade aspects of central european countries foreign trade, but rather an analysis of the particular aspects of the relations between these countries and the european union. In a first part, we analyse the evolution of trade between these two regions since 1988, and we link this evolution to the changes which have occured in central european countries. Then, we demonstrate that the observed trade reorientation of the central european countries towards the european union corresponds to a long term tendancy, using gravity models, and we study the european union's reaction. Finally, we analyse the enlargement prospects of the european union to the central european countries
Cling, Jean-Pierre. "Commerce, croissance, pauvreté et inégalités dans les pays en développement." Paris 9, 2005. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=2005PA090054.
Full textThe relationship between trade, growth, poverty and inequalities in developing countries can be broken down into three separate relationships: 1/ a relationship between trade and growth; 2/ a relationship between growth and poverty (and inequalities); a relationship between trade and poverty (and inequalities). This thesis presents first a survey of the many recent theoretical and empirical papers studying these relationships. We then build new tools used for analysing the relationship between growth, poverty and inequality. Our survey of literature and the lessons drawn from our analytical tools lead us to make a critical study of the international institutions’ trade and poverty reduction policies in developing countries. Last of all, we present two case studies on the macro and micro impact of export growth strategies in Madagascar and Tunisa based on textile & clothing and analyse the impact on both countries of the dismantling of export quotas in this sector
Goba, Léga. "Le commerce, des services et les pays en developpement." Paris 5, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA05D010.
Full textKothalawala, Bandula. "Commerce de pauvreté : étude du commerce de produits alimentaires des pays en voie de développement à faibles revenus." Paris 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA010023.
Full textThe steady growth in the food exports from low-income developing countries has won acclaim in learned economic circles. This often obcures the fact that an increasing number of least developed countries have recourse to food sales as a means of financing incompressible imports. A careful investigation into the trade in essential food items by 42 developing countries points to the existence of trading patterns mainly attributable to economic backwardness. The persistent demand from developed countries and in some cases, from middle-income developing countries, for meat, legumes, fruits etc. . . Seems to foster these trading practices. There is little evidence to support the widely held view that comparative advantage and or factor endowments could form the theoretical basis of food exports by developing nations. The degre of correlation between food sales and self-sufficiency in food in the countries under review proves to be statistically insignificant. Food exports and economic development seem to be inversely correlated. The possibility of perverse effects cannot be ruled out. Substantial real income effects resulting from these sales could retard economic development, which may add to their manifestly adverse consequences in nutritional terms
Dlimi, Dounya. "L’Agriculture des Pays en Développement face à l'Organisation Mondiale du Commerce." Paris 5, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA05D003.
Full textGlobalization has induced the liberalization of agricultural trading. Such liberalization has a mitigated impact on the economy of developing countries given the diversity of their level of development. Consequently, the agricultural negotiations taking place within the WTO raise a number of important issues. The main advantage sought by developing countries in entering the multilateral trade system lies within the creation of a fairer and less distorted farming market. The Agriculture Agreement produced by the Uruguay Round aims precisely towards this goal. But does this agreement provide the adequate legal frame for tackling the issue of development in emerging countries? The drafting of the Special and Differential Treatment Provisions created the path for the introduction of a legal principle consisting in granting a country rights and obligations in proportion with its level of development. The Doha negotiations launched in 2001 promoted this idea through the Doha Development Agenda. But the Agriculture Agreement, while aiming at the liberalization of world agricultural trade, favored the legalization of protectionism policies used by developed countries. As a result, multilateral negotiations are hardly evolving and are caught in a deadlock situation. They should initially have come into end in 2005, but their deadline have been postponed many times. Indeed, the agricultural issue constitutes their stumbling block. As a consequence, the WTO faces the difficulty to conciliate two aims that seem antagonistic: the liberalization of world trade and the economical development of developing countries. The different actors participating, under the aegis of the WTO, in the multilateral trade negotiation have divergent thinking. The more different their position are, the harder the task of the WTO is. It is however within this institutional frame that the reform in farming product trade should take place
Menegaldo, Fabienne. "Intégration euro-méditerranéenne et développement des pays du sud et de l'est de la Méditerranée." Aix-Marseille 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002AIX24018.
Full textCamara, Emmanuel. "Les pays en développement face au GATT : du Tokyo Round à nos jours." Paris 10, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA100205.
Full textDespite its liberal neo-classical approach to international trade which can only be applied to relationships between which have already achieved a certain level of development and industrialization, le GATT has undertaken reforms which recognize that for developing countries, trade policy should be closely linked to general economic development policy. But it was only during the multilateral negotiations, known as the Tokyo Round (1973-1979) that for the first time the problems of the developing countries played an important role. The agreements reached during these negotiations include provisions which are more or less favorable to developing countries and new concepts such as the enabling clause and the graduation clause entered the vocabulary of the GATT. However, these two concepts show that while the developed countries support the idea of steering the GATT towards incorporating some of the principles of the new international economic order, they make it a condition that the more advanced developing countries play a greater part in the multilateral disciplines of the GATT, I. E. That there should be a sharing of the responsibility towards the poorest third world countries. With the continuing economic crisis, some of the protectionist measures of the developed countries must be seen as part of this strategy. Presently the GATT aims at universality at least at the participation level. At the same time, however, the organization's legal system has become too fragmented and looks much more like an "à la carte" system where each country adjusts its participation on the basis of its national concerns. Developing countries should participate to the GATT system, but they should observe a certain caution
Djaowe, Joseph. "Les Euro-Banques et l'endettement extérieur des pays en voie de développement : quels risques internationaux pour les banques américaines, britaniques et françaises?" Paris 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA020023.
Full textThe mexican moratorium of august 1982 has revealed that the international banks' claims on ldcs are potentially risky. This study attempts to analyse the risks that occure when the banks lend to the ldcs. Using a bank's exposure country risk criterion, we show that the french banks are more exposed than the u. S. And u. K. Banks. Nevertheless, the french banks' claims are better provisioned than the others. The analysis of the causal links (the granger-sims causality test) between the lending behavior of the u. S. Banks of different sizes points to less herding than many observers believed. The application of the modern portfolio theory theory to the international banks' claims shows that the fifteen great debtors are non diversifiable risks. An investigation close to french banks points they are very optimist about the threats caused by the international debt crisis. The economic theory is not unanimous on the banks' behavior in their lending responsibility to ldcs. Some models assume the banks are not overexposed because they are rational agents that ration their lending before the debtors become insolvent. Others, on the contrary, affirm the banks are overexposed because they receive subsidies from their authorities (deposit insurance. . . ) or because of asymetric information that pushes them to the overexposure. The banks have played an important role in the management of the debt crisis. But, basically the ldcs crisis is not resolved
Loubier, Christine. "Les technologies de l'information dans les pays en voie de développement : regard particulier sur l'électronique et le commerce." Thesis, McGill University, 2000. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=33362.
Full textMedjahed, Mohamed Tayeb. "Le droit de l'OMC et le renforcement des capacités de défense commerciale des pays en développement." Perpignan, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PERP0979.
Full textLaw under the World Trade Organization (WTO) is developing very rapidly in a specific branch of the field. Despite its growing influence on national and regional laws and the policy at these levels, as well as because of its technicality and complexity, WTO law is still often poorly known. A feature of the WTO lies in its sophisticated mechanism for settling disputes. It is clear that most member countries want to take advantage of the WTO dispute settlement system. For example, developing countries, especially smaller ones, often do not have a sufficient number of specialists who are experts on WTO law or the dispute settlement procedures. Many developing country Members stressed that they had a vital and ongoing need for assistance to strengthen their technical capacities with Defence Commercial in order to fulfil their obligations to the WTO. They also considered it important align this assistance with the specific technical and legal needs of developing countries
Bridji, Ozoua Marie Chantal. "Brevet pharmaceutique et l’accès aux médicaments dans les pays en voie de développement." Thesis, Toulouse 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013TOU10069/document.
Full textThe entry into force of the ADPIC agreement in 1994 is the fulfillment of the new trade organization and its relation with technology protection. The goal of the agreement is to meet the minimum standard protection for patented inventions. The agreement also generalizes technologic invention protection by the intellectual property while integrating public health products on the international trade level. Henceforth, patents now protect medical drugs. However, the patentability of medical drugs creates a real problem due to the WTO member’s different interpretation of technologic minimum standard protection. On one side, WTO members issued from developed countries interpret drastically the agreement and consider their interest above public health ‘interests, which automatically leads to the restriction of the patents drugs users. On another side, WTO members issued from developing countries poorly interpret the agreements and limit the domain of patentability of the drugs, which automatically leads to an insufficient transposition of the agreement into their regional agreements. The study on the different use of the ADPIC agreements by the OMC members underlines the agreements limits in the public health area. This conclusion aims to hope for a reform of the ADPIC agreement, by promoting a new system that will allow developing countries to better protect the use of patented pharmaceutical inventions. Furthermore, legal addition to the actual systems were presented and we believe that they will contribute to an efficient protection of public health
Niyongabo, Gilbert. "Politiques d'ouverture commerciale et développement économique." Phd thesis, Université d'Auvergne - Clermont-Ferrand I, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00173168.
Full textDans cette thèse, nous proposons de revenir sur les différents effets de l'ouverture commerciale sur le développement économique. Ainsi, nous distinguons l'ouverture « naturelle » qui est déterminée par la structure économique et l'abondance des ressources naturelles des politiques d'ouverture qui sont purgées de ces variables. Ensuite, nous testons les effets des deux variantes de l'ouverture commerciale sur le développement économique. Les résultats de nos estimations économétriques montrent que la croissance économique est plus élevée pour des pays
qui ont mis en place des politiques d'ouverture que pour des pays ouverts grâce à leurs ressources
naturelles. L'adoption des politiques d'ouverture semble offrir l'avantage de stimuler une hausse
des taux d'investissement et de la productivité des facteurs dans un environnement de concurrence internationale. Par ailleurs, nous testons l'effet interactif entre l'adoption des politiques d'ouverture et l'instauration de la bonne gouvernance du début des années 90 dans bon nombre de pays en développement. Nos résultats nous amènent à conclure que la bonne gouvernance et l'adoption des politiques d'ouverture agissent de façon interactive et sont positivement associés à l'augmentation des revenus, à la réduction des inégalités et à
l'amortissement des chocs commerciaux. Nous concluons, en fin de compte, que l'adoption des
politiques d'ouverture s'accompagne du développement économique.
Othman, Saad Mohammed. "L' influence des recettes pétrolières sur la structure de production et la répartition des revenus : Algérie, Irak, Nigéria, Vénézuéla." Clermont-Ferrand 1, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985CLF1D001.
Full textMefiro, Oumarou. "Vers la maîtrise spatiale de la circulation des flux de marchandises dans les PED : le cas du Cameroun." Aix-Marseille 2, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989AIX24000.
Full textBen, Hdech Mohammed. "L'organisation du commerce des produits de base entre la Communauté économique européenne et les pays en voie de développement." Université Robert Schuman (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989STR30012.
Full textThe participation of the EEC in the organisation of commodities trade can bee considered in two distinct frameworks, globally and regionally. At the global level, this participation may be examined in two distinct lights, the juridical and the politico-economic. The juridical aspect concerns the modalities of EEC participation in product agreements, both the quality and the nature of participation. The politicoeconomic aspect is related to the type of organisation put into place by each product agreement and the EEC position. On the regional level, the EEC has developed a special policy on the issue. This policy includes two principal parts: the regulation of product flow and the stabilization of export returns on trade. The regulation of trade includes a more generalised policy of protectionst inspiration and a preferential policy benefiting ACP and mediterranean countries with respect to all agricultural products, but only with respect to certain transformed products for developing countries in general. With the framework of the stabilization of export returns, three mechanisms have been envisioned by the lome convention: the stabex, the sysmin, and the sugar protocol. A stabex has also been envisioned to favour the least advanced countries
Mania, Élodie. "Diversification du commerce, vulnérabilité et développement économique." Thesis, Normandie, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020NORMR027.
Full textRecent economic literature and major international organizations are agreed on the virtues of export diversification as a development strategy for developing countries. The consensus has two main sources: the successful experience of the Asian emerging countries on the one hand, and the numerous empirical studies showing positive relationship between diversification and economic growth on the other hand. The consensus is new since the debate was at the center of the controversies between free-trade and structuralist economists in the 1950s. Since Ricardo (1817), the former had been inspired by traditional theories of international trade and advocated free trade and specialization based on a country’s comparative advantages. Conversely, the pioneers of development economics emphasized the need for development policies to introduce distortions into the specialization mechanisms of comparative advantages, as the process of structural change is driven by diversification and export composition. The thesis explores theoretically and empirically the relationship between export diversification and economic development in the present context of globalization. Firstly, the integration of developing countries into global value chains, where countries no longer specialize in the production of a product but in a delimited segment of the production process, questions the relationship. The consequences of the disconnection between a country’s productive structure and its export diversification are analyzed through an extension of Thirlwall’s (1979) post-Keynesian model. The analysis allows us to emphasize the heterogeneity of diversification models of three developing regions, namely sub-Saharan Africa, developing Asia and Latin America. We thereafter attempt to open the black box that constitutes the relationship between export diversification and economic growth. The transmission channels of the relationship will be examined by using the properties of an extended Kaldor-Verdoorn Law that assesses the impact of export diversification on productivity growth and the degree of returns to scale for several countries. Secondly, as far as countries are concerned, the compatibility of export diversification strategy with the environmental challenges is questioned. Our preliminary results suggest that a higher level of carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions is associated with a more diversified export basket. Further investigation from theoretical and empirical analyses demonstrates that the positive effect on CO2 emissions is valid for the upper-middle income and the high-income economies. Finally, we approach export diversification from the perspective of trading partner diversification in a case study on Vietnam. We analyze the country’s growth performance by measuring the contribution of its trading partners to its external constraint in a multi-country balance of payments constrained growth model. The study case questions the macroeconomic resilience and the virtues of a development model driven exclusively by international trade nowadays
El, waddi Sanaa. "Marchés intermédiaires et différenciation des produits dans les filières agroalimentaires." Paris 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA020069.
Full textEttalbi, Abdellah. "Aspects juridiques des echanges compenses dans les relations nord-sud." Paris 5, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA05D010.
Full textHaving been for a long time limited only to east-west trade the countertrade agreements have become, within the period of a few years, an important characteristic of international trade. As from the beginning of the 80s, they have expanted more particulary in the developing countries who have thereby seen a means of maintaining their imports at a level which is necessary for their development, of reducing their trade imbalances with their western partners, and of increasing and diversifying their exorts. In this respect, the countertrade agreements are unquestionably in connection with the problems of development, in the context, of developing countries. From that can be asked the question of knowing the consequences of this interaction on the different legal aspects of the countertrade agreements. From this main question stem several other questions, namely what is the character of these agreements in the northsouth context? what are their stipulated modalities and techniques? what are the functions invested in them by the developing countries exercising them? what are the incedence of the functions on the stipulated agreements which spring from these agreements? and finally what is the place and the statute of these agreements in the national economic rules and in the international economic law in force. That's the questions we have tried to answer in this present study
Aekaputra, Prasit. "Le GATT et les pays en voie de développement spécialement dans le cadre du Tokyo Round." Paris 2, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA020111.
Full textAfter the seventh multilateral commercial negotiation supervised by the gatt (general agreement on tariffs and trade) at tokyo and geneva between 1973-1979, the results of the tokyo round are importants not only in the legal aspect but also in the economic aspect. These results are importants too for the developing countries especially on three topics : the legalization of the differential and more favoured treatment for the developing countries, the recognition of the particulars needs of these countries, and the technical aids on their favour. However, the tokyo round can not resolved every problems of the developing countries. Many things must be done for the more justice in the international commerce between the developed countries and the developing countries
Machrouh, Jamal. "Le statut des pays en développement dans le système de règlement des différends de l'OMC." Tours, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007TOUR1001.
Full textPop, Claudia. "L' intégration de la Roumanie dans l'Union européenne : espace et développement." Paris 10, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA100007.
Full textThe process of European enlargement towards the Eastern countries gives opportunity in these countries to find a place in the worldwide economy and is likely to influence their economic development with the aim of economic catching up. This work aims at bringing a framework of analysis in order to explain in a first part the connection through exchanges and foreign direct investments of the économies belonging to an agreement of economic integration. The connection deepens by the active involvement of the new members in the production process of the integrated zone, which is the object of the second part. The distribution of the production activities between countries is revealing of profile of development which countries adopt. The analysis at régional level shows the existence of differences between regions in ternis of structure of production and geographical location of activities in the space. In the third part these differences are associated with the belonging of regions to différent levels of development. We tried to show by an empirical test that the European process of integration influences determining éléments of the stages of development
Abdou, Mohamed. "L'incidence sur les pays en développement du lien entre propriété intellectuelle et droit du commerce international." Thesis, Paris 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA01D059.
Full textSince the adoption of the TRIPS Agreement in 1994, the protection of intellectual property has been at the center of the debates concerning the international trade regime. While some have hailed the Agreement as a great success for international trade and economic integration, scholars and civil society have rapidly voiced their concern highlighting the inefficiency and even the harmful effects resulting from the implementation of a trade regime for intellectual property. These critiques have intensified following the conclusion by developing countries of a series of free trade agreements containing provision raising the level of protection for intellectual property rights. Yet, scholars have so far given very little attention to the concept of “trade-relatedness” as well as to the legal aspects of the relationship between intellectual property and international trade. The inclusion of intellectual property norms in international trade agreements is first and foremost a linkage between two distinct legal regimes. Each regime has its own objectives, rational and has evolved independently from the other. Numerous questions therefore arise as to how these two sets of norms could coexist and what legal effects are likely to flow from such a systemic interaction. This study seeks to provide answers to these questions by analyzing the specific situation of developing countries as they are the most affected by the rising standards of intellectual property protection. The aim is to determine the modalities and conditions under which the trade regime for intellectual property could be adapted to the interests and needs of developing countries