Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Commerce international – Modèles économétriques'
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Erkel-Rousse, Hélène. "Commerce international et différenciation de produit : modélisation théorique et applications empiriques." Paris 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA010049.
Full textChapda, Nana Guy. "Trois essais en commerce international." Thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2013/29920/29920.pdf.
Full textThis thesis consists of three essays in empirical and theoretical international trade analyzing two main subjects: estimation of Gross National product function and strategic policy in presence of exchange rate pass-through and production risk. The first essay offers an innovative approach for analysis the impact on trade of regional trade agreements (RTA) with application to the Free Trade Agreement (FTA) between Canada and the United States adopted in 1989, which was extended to Mexico as the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) in 1994. More precisely, we estimate a Translog Gross National Product function and test for endogenously determined structural change allowing for anticipated and lagged responses to regional trade agreements. We found that Canada embarked on a long transition path prior to the implementation of the Canada-US Trade Agreement, a result reminiscent of Magee’s (2008) results concerning RTAs’ trade creation effects. In contrast, the United States experienced an abrupt structural change a year after the North American Free Trade Agreement took effect. This reflects that smaller economies benefitting from larger changes in terms of trade are confronted to more complex adjustment processes than larger economies. In the second essay, we empirically investigate the implications of the choice of dates when imposing local restrictions to maintain convexity in output prices and concavity in factor endowments in the the estimation of a GNP function approximated by a Translog (TL) function. Using macroeconomic data for Switzerland, we compare the TL to a Symmetric Normalized Quadratic (SNQ) function on which global curvature restrictions can be imposed. When the functions are unrestricted for curvature, convexity in prices is violated more often than concavity in factor endowments. The number of points for which both curvature conditions hold is sensitive to the date at which local restrictions are imposed on the TL, but estimated TL elasticities are robust. Through searching for an appropriate date, the TL matched the SNQ’s ability to impose curvature conditions at all points. However, many TL and SNQ elasticities differ in sign and magnitude. The likelihood dominance criterion and in-sample forecasts comparisons favored the TL. Thus, choosing a functional form solely based on the possibility of imposing global curvature conditions is not advised. In the last essay, we develop a strategic policy model inspired by the maple syrup industry. The province of Quebec accounts for 71% of the world’s production. We analyze how strategic policy choices and exchange rate pass-through are influenced by vertical linkages and production shocks which are observed after input prices are determined and “planned production” decisions are made. Downstream competition is modeled as a Bertrand duopoly with a home firm exporting all of its production to the importing country which is also supplied by a domestic downstream firm. We specifically examine two cases depending on whether the input price is negotiated between the input producer and the downstream firm in the exporting country or simply fixed by the input producer. We always assume that the upstream firm sets the input price in the importing country. Our analysis shows that the exporting government should subsidize production/exports and the foreign government should subsidize local production whatever the case chosen. We also show that when there is rationing, the exchange rate pass-through is charaterized by a threshold effect that is quite unlike the sort of theshold effect described in models with menu costs.
Abedini, Javad. "Coûts irrécupérables, anticipations et modélisation du commerce bilatéral : une approche théorique et empirique." Nantes, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007NANT4002.
Full textMany trade theories explain the empirical success of the gravity model. The impact of trade costs has recently been emphasized by the theoretical and empirical literature of the gravity model. In particular, Deardorff (2004) and Anderson & van Wincoop (2003, 2004) suggest the term of local comparative advantages based on relative trade costs to determine the bilateral trade model. However, the impact of trade costs is usually studied through trade barriers. In this thesis, we develop a new theoretical approach using some specific trade costs, notably sunk costs. Based on a theoretical model of entry in the presence of sunk costs, we show that the expectations matter for the firm's decisions to enter a market. This theoretical model makes it possible to introduce "expectations" in trade model. In the same way, we develop, as an example, the gravity model of Anderson & van Wincoop (2003, 2004) to take into account the expected relative trade costs in order to determine the bilateral trade flows. Using our theoretical approach, we present a new interpretation for the impact of monetary union, trade agreements and the institutional factors in the gravity models of trade. In addition, we develop an empirical gravity model to test our theoretical predictions about the role of expectations in trade. This model uses the data of a sample of 37 countries during 1988-2003. Many econometric specifications and tests are presented. The results strongly support our theoretical predictions
Pajot, Michaël. "Investissements directs à l'étranger et échanges de biens : quelles relations ?" Paris 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA010059.
Full textCharpiot-Michaud, Frédérique. "Les échanges internationaux de biens agricoles et agro-alimentaires : une application au commerce de la Hongrie et de la Pologne avec l'Union européenne." Paris 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA010002.
Full textThe dissertation is an analysis of international economics based on two industries : agriculture (raw products) and food industry (processed products). The objective is to test theoretical hypotheses on trade determinants. The theoretical framework must be dual. Indeed it is necessary to separate agricultural trade, which rather depends on Heckscher-Ohlin determinants (factor endowments), and food trade, depending on Lancaster (product differentiation) or Linder (demand) determinants. However the Krugman determinants (size of the economies and distance) are active for both trade categories. The method of analysis is based on estimating a disaggregated gravity equation that has been specified in the Bergstrand model. The estimation is applied to agricultural and food trade between Hungary, Poland and the European union. The various indices of international trade that have been used show that the Hungarian and polish specialization on the European markets is higher in agriculture than in food processing industry, and is declining during the 1990s. Moreover it is more inter-sectoral than intra-indutry. The followed method tests the determinants of trade and at the same time establishes a double taxonomy of the traded goods, based on technology (capital, labour or land intensive goods) and demand (necessary versus luxuous goods). At last the model enables to take into account the protection by integrating the tariff and non-tariff barriers that have been established by the European agreements. Then the results are used to analyse the agricultural integration process of the economies in transition into the European union
Gbagbeu, Vramah Serge Marius. "Analyse des facteurs explicatifs du commerce international de biens environnementaux : Utilisation de modèles de gravité." Thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2013/29719/29719.pdf.
Full textThe main objective of the present study is to analyze the determiners of the trade of goods generally and the environmental goods in particular from the models of gravity of type CES and Translog inspired by the works of Novy (2012). Our results of estimation from these two models allow to say on one hand that the impact of the explanatory variables is more important on the flow of trade when we use the model Translog but this impact is not uniform and on the other hand that this impact is more important on the trade of the environmental goods to compared with the flow of the exchanges of all the goods in a general way. Finally, the value of the coefficients of regression so that of the elasticity cost of the trade from the model Translog are in the neighborhood of the results of the empirical studies which served as reference frame.
Boylaud, Olivier. "Commerce intra-branche, intégration économique et nouvelle économie internationale : une approche multi-pays et multi-sectorielle." Aix-Marseille 2, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996AIX24001.
Full textVatan, Antoine. "Interactions of firms in international trade models." Thesis, Paris 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA010069.
Full textFirms were introduced into trade theory in the early 1980s. After traditional trade theory failed to explain the importance of intra-industry trade, monopolistic competition (Krugman, 1979, 1980) and oligopolistic competition(Brander,1981)models were developed. These two approaches are in fact grouped under the label "new trade theory". As will be explained further, oligopolistic competition was quite neglected in the last thirty years, while monopolistic competition became the standard framework in the trade literature. These two frame works share a common feature which represents a major change compared to previous perfect competition models: the presence of firms. Nevertheless, a notable difference between the two is that firms are representative in the monopolistic competition framework, while they are able to act strategically in an oligopolistic setting. This partly explains why the former has been the most used. While the first motivation of new trade theory was to provide a rationale for trade patterns, the intuition that firms had to be taken into account was supported by a broad strand of empirical literature in the 1990s-2000s. Thanks to the emergence of firm-level data, trade economists discovered that only a handful of firms are responsible for the bulk of international trade. The most important feature, and probably the best known and most discussed by trade economists, is that firms’ participation in trade is far from random. Only the most productive ones export. Beyond this comparison between exporters and non-exporters, there is also much heterogeneity among exporters themselves. This fact found a rationale thanks to Melitz (2003) who introduced heterogeneous firms into a monopolistic competition model à la Krugman. This model became the most used in trade and is the cornerstone of "new new trade theory". The present Ph.D. dissertation first tries to take part in the debate about the relevance of monopolistic competition models in new new trade theory with respect to exporting firms’ strategies. Second, this dissertation tries to contribute to showing the need to put strategic interactions back into trade models in order to enhance our understanding of exporting and multinational firms. [...]
Freudenberg, Michael. "Échanges intra-branche et nature des relations internationales des pays de la Communauté européenne." Paris 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA010037.
Full textThis thesis examines in a detailed mariner the inter- and infra-industry nature of trade of the twelve members of the European union and estimates econometrically the general determinants and the specific impact of the single european market. The theoretical part suggests that the helpman-krugman synthesis -opposing inter, industry trade between different countries and intra-industry trade between similar countries - needs to be overcome. The distinction between horizontal (different varieties) and vertical (different qualities) differentiation is capital: their determinants and adjustment costs can be very different. In the methodological part, we propose using unit values for some 10,000 products to decompose bilateral trade in three "trade types": one-way (i. E. Inter-industry) trade, two-way (i. E. Intra-industry) trade in horizontally differentiated products, and two-way trade in vertically differentiated products. A second indicator is then proposed to examine on which "price-quality ranges" the countries are positioned: up-market, medium-market and down, market goods. The empirical evidence underlines the importance of vertical product differentiation in the rise of two-way trade in europe. The results support neither the optimistic expectations of ex ante studies, where a rising share of two-way trade in similar products should translate in gains in variety with limited adjustment costs, neither the scenario of an inter-industry specialisation with increasing asymmetries among member states, which night have negative implications in the case of the monetary union. Adjustments are taking place within industries along the quality spectrum, rather than between industries. This thesis finds evidence of strong differences in the specialisation of member states in terms of price-quality ranges, suggesting a "qualitatively" division of labour, both within Europe and in trade with non-member states
Dubé, Pierre-Luc. "Le règlement des différends à l'Organisation mondiale du commerce selon la théorie des perspectives : une étude empirique." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/28103.
Full textThe World Trade Organization's dispute settlement mechanism is the best forum for resolving a trade dispute between two WTO members. However, it is possible to note that not all trade disputes seized by the WTO end at the same stage, some settling before the establishment of a panel while others can require a judgment of the Appellate Body, or even more. The time required to resolve disputes also varies from litigation to litigation. This master’s degree thesis tries to demonstrate, using the prospect theory developed by Kahneman and Tversky, that the perception of a complainant state, in relation to the establishment or withdrawal of a measure applied by another State, may influence the stage at which the dispute is resolved or the length of time that is required for its resolution. Using two distinct econometric models, we found out that the complainant State’s perception does not influence the stage at which it will be resolved, but it has an impact on the length required to resolve a dispute involving it. A complainant State perceiving itself to be losing in relation to the introduction of a measure of another State tends, in fact, to reduce the time required for settlement, wanting to see the measure withdrawn as soon as possible. Another finding emerging from these models is that disputes concerning two developed countries will tend to take more time to be settled.
Özyurt, Selin. "Croissance, productivité et les retombées positives de l’ouverture aux investissements directs étrangers et au commerce international en Chine." Paris 9, 2009. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=2009PA090024.
Full textThis thesis focuses on the issues associated with China’s rapid economic development and reform initiative over the past three decades. The study presents new empirical evidence which relies on comprehensive data sets and recently developed parametric methods. The major objective of the thesis is to provide a systematic and comprehensive analysis of China’s recent economic growth and productivity performances. The main focus is directed to the investigation of spillovers to Chinese economy arising from openness to foreign direct investment (FDI) and international trade. The major findings of the study are: (i) Over the past three decades, physical capital accumulation has been the main driving force of China’s rapid economic growth, while productivity and technical efficiency gains have also contributed to economic growth; (ii) openness to FDI and international trade exert a positive impact on growth and productivity; (iii) the spatial econometric analyses highlight that regional dynamics and spatial interactions play a crucial role in the process of economic development
Le, Riche Antoine. "Commerce international dans le modèle bi-sectoriel à générations imbriquées." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AIXM2023/document.
Full textThis dissertation consists of three essays on the existence of endogenous cycles under dynamic efficiency and covers two different topics. The first one developed in chapter 2 addresses the relation between the structure of production and the occurrence of endogenous fluctuations. The second topic is developed in chapters 3 and 4, and tries to better understand the role of international trade on the emergence of sunspot cycles. These chapters explain that international trade may have a destabilizing effect.Chapter 2 examines how the existence of durable and non-durable goods are associated with the occurrence of endogenous cycles with dynamic efficiency. Main results indicate that sunspot fluctuations exist if young agents consume less non-durable goods than old agents. In this context, we show that a stabilization policy based on lump-sum taxes and lump-sum transfers allows to increase the welfare of agents and eliminate the existence of endogenous cycles.Chapter 3 analyzes a two-factor, two-good, two-country overlapping generations model. We assume that countries differ only with respect to their discount rate. We suppose that the factor of production are immobile across countries. Using a numerical simulation, we show that period-two cycles spread from one country to another.Chapter 4 considers a framework similar to the model of chapter 3 but with focus on asymmetric technology. We show through numerical simulations that the opening to international trade can create two-period cycles that can exist in the world economy even though the closed-economy equilibrium in each country is saddle-point stable
Tayara, Saeed. "Commerce international et investissements directs étrangers : complémentarité ou substituabilité ?" Thesis, Poitiers, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016POIT4001/document.
Full textThis work investigates, theoretically and empirically, the relationship between international trade and foreign direct investment (FDI), which has been one of the key channels of economic globalization, and of the development of global value chains in the international segmentation of production. Theoretical models show that international and FDI may be substitutes or complements. The nature of this relationship may be the consequence of exogenous factors, determinants of country specialization, or the result of the endogenous strategy of firms in the organization of their international activities. The empirical validation relies on an adaptation of the gravity model, using panel econometrics with bilateral data for France during the 1993-2012 period. Estimates show a complementarity relationship between trade and FDI at the most aggregated level. However, a comparative analysis at a more disaggregated level reveals some signs of substitutability or complementarity according to the group of partner countries
Malek, Mansour Jeoffrey H. G. "Three essays in international economics." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210878.
Full textRegarding the approach pursued to tackle these problems, we have chosen to strictly remain within the boundaries of empirical (macro)economics - that is, applied econometrics. Though we systematically provide theoretical models to back up our empirical approach, our only real concern is to look at the stories the data can (or cannot) tell us. As to the econometric methodology, we will restrict ourselves to the use of panel data analysis. The large spectrum of techniques available within the panel framework allows us to utilize, for each of the problems at hand, the most suitable approach (or what we think it is).
Doctorat en sciences économiques, Orientation économie
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Ahcar, Olmos Jaime Rafael. "An inquiry on Regional Trade Integration and Trade Potentials." Thesis, Paris 9, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA090055/document.
Full textRegional trade agreements (RTAs) have surged in a context of stalled multilateral trade negotiations. This doctoral thesis intends to advance scientific knowledge in the field. Thus, thanks to a gravity model theoretical framework, three chapters of applied empirical econometrics analysis have been completed. The first chapter examines the effects of RTAs, the Generalized System of Preference (GSP) and World Trade Organization memberships on bilateral trade flows. I put into practice different econometric specifications and estimation methods, notably Poisson Pseudo Maximum Likelihood (PPML), which is the one that better seems to contend with well-known biases and endogeneity problems. I conduct this research with an international trade gravity model estimated across 153 countries from the year 1980 to 2012.I consistently found a strong positive impact of regional trade agreement RTAs on most specifications and low or non-significant results for WTO membership. The estimates from the PPML method that includes controls for unobserved heterogeneity show non-significant effects of the Generalized System of Preference (GSP) on trade.The second chapter, co-authored with my supervisor Jean-Marc Siroën, explores the effect of heterogeneity of RTAs in the scope of deep integration. We intend to determine if deeper RTAs promote trade more effectively than less ambitious agreements. We make use of two recently available data sets from the World Trade Organization (WTO) and the World Trade Institute (WTI-DESTA) to generate credible indicators of deep integration. Additive and Multiple Correspondence Analysis derived indicators for the depth of the agreements are then computed and their significance is tested in a gravity model. We find that deeper agreements increase trade more than shallow ones, whereas the provisions they included are within or outside of the WTO domain.The third chapter investigates the existence of trade potentials between Colombia and the EU. I obtain in-sample predictions after the estimation of a gravity model with the Poisson Pseudo Maximum Likelihood estimator. I control for unobserved omitted variable bias by the inclusion of exporter and importer time varying fixed effects, and run a series of sensitivity analysis.Untapped trade potentials are found between Colombia and a group of EU countries in both directions of the trade flows. Exports from Colombia have a gap to bridge with Austria, Czech Republic, Finland, France, Germany, Hungary, Poland and Sweden. In the other direction, Sweden, Ireland, Finland and Poland have an interesting margin to gain in the Colombian market
Hugot, Jules. "A quantitative history of trade globalization : 1827-2012." Thesis, Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015IEPP0055.
Full textThis thesis relies on a data set that I put together. The data set gathers trade statistics, GDP, exchange rate and tariff data as well as gravity-related variables including distance, colonial and linguistic links. In chapter 2, I show that the globalization of the nineteenth century had already begun in the 1840s in Europe, while it only began in the late nineteenth century for the rest of the world. In chapter 3, I show that the border effect was halved over the course of both the First and the Second Globalization. I also find that the distance effect roughly doubled during both periods of globalization. In chapter 4, I show that the trade elasticity did not change significantly over the course of the First Globalization. In chapter 5, I show that Britain benefited from most of the trade creating effect of the Suez Canal, while the western coast of Latin America benefited from about 40% of the trade effect of the Panama Canal. I also show that time dimension estimates of the distance elasticity make it possible to reconcile the distance elasticity with the common estimates for its components: the trade elasticity and the elasticity of trade costs to shipping distance
Askenazy, Philippe. "Innovations technologiques et organisationnelles : internationalisation et inégalités." Paris, EHESS, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999EHES0A24.
Full textFor two decades, the inequalities have dramatically increased in most oecd countries, especially the u. S. The emergence of lean production in american manufacturing for the past fifteen years provides a new way of interpreting this phenomenon. Lean production is based on an intensification of work and is accompanied by an increase of occupational injuries and illnesses. Therefore, detailed occupational health statistics for manufacturing industries enable us to compute a proxy of reorganization : "i-reorganization". I-reorganization is not dependent on computerization, develops in high-wage sectors and may be the result of deunionization or the generalized implementation of fordism. It improves productivity dramatically. Labor decreases in the i-reorganized industries but i-reorganization is not skilled-employment biased. Computerization seems to be efficient only in i-reorganized industries. Gains sharing among production workers, non-production workers, profits and consumers is unbalanced and increases inequalities. Services have a similar experience. Moreover, the impact of internationalization is not bound to the comparative advantage mechanisms. Openness results in new markets for the exporting and innovator sector. Thus, it stimulates growth and favors skilled workers working in r&d, thereby increasing inequalities. A minimum wage may prevent such a rise of inequalities and enhance growth, but reduce manufacturing employment; nevertheless, if the gains from the innovator sector are large, the increase of personal services may compensate for these job losses
Jouini, Nizar. "Impact of service trade liberalization for developing countries : Evidence form Tunisia." Thesis, Tours, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014TOUR1006/document.
Full textThis dissertation focuses on the effects of trade service liberalization in Tunisia. Using a DGSE model, the first chapter studies the overall effect of service liberalization on economic growth while considering the non-tariff barriers preventing investors to access this market. The second chapter analyzes the particular case of the banking sector liberalization by estimating its effect on capital accumulation. In particular, it suggests that increasing bank competition via liberalization is benefitting to the Tunisian banking sector up to a doubling of its capital accumulation. The third chapter shall estimate the direct and indirect effect of air transport liberalization on tourist flows in the southern Mediterranean countries. The agreements signed by these countries will be considered as well as those signed between third countries. In particular, when these third countries have transit airports through which pass tourists to visit Mediterrenean countries, liberalization can also be beneficial to the latter. For this purpose we have collected an original database to account for all of these agreements. Our results show that the liberalization of the service sector in Tunisia has a positive effect and depends mainly on the performance of the goods sector as well as the value of non-tariff barriers, evaluated at 37% of total of production. Morever, the liberalization of the Tunisian banking sector has a positive impact on capital accumulation running up to about 200 % of the current accumulation. Finally, the study of air transport liberalization on tourism shows that there is an increase in tourist flows using direct and indirect routes. The direct effect (following one unit increase of the liberalization index) increases the tourist flows by 3 to 4 percent, while the indirect effect is between 2 and 3 percent
Abi, Zeid Antoine. "Les mutations géographiques et technologiques de l’industrie automobile : une analyse par l’approche gravitationnelle." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018USPCA059.
Full textEmerging countries (EC) endowed with dynamic markets became the main automotive production area. Developed countries are still the main exporters. In this thesis, we measure the theoretical value of exports of EC based on the parameters (GDP, trade costs) of an augmented gravity model. The car exports of the majority of EC risk stagnation because of weak knowledge economy & high trade costs in these countries. Iran has an opportunity to increase its automotive exports under the condition of improving its domestic products and/or building export-platforms for global automakers. The exports of Turkey & Mexico risk stagnation unless Mexico increases its exports to Europe & Asia, and Turkey increases the added-value of its industry. Electric vehicles and lithium-ion batteries are the future of the automotive industry. China & the USA are expected to be the main exporters in the field of li-ion batteries. The growth of American batteries exports is highly probable notably to countries with advanced ICT infrastructure
Mitraille, Sébastien. "Stratégies de stockage et de vente à terme en concurrence oligopolistique." Toulouse 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001TOU10084.
Full textSeveral mineral commodity markets are characterized by a huge concentration in supply, an active trading of forward contracts, or a large use of storage. How producers or traders may combine storage, capacity installation and forward sales when their decisions modify the price formation process ?
Bergès-Sennou, Fabian. "L'analyse économique des pratiques commerciales dans l' industrie agroalimentaire." Toulouse 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002TOU10015.
Full textThis thesis analyses the determinant factors for some commercial strategies in the agro-food industry :study of the promotional vehicle for coupons, rivate labels (PL); choice of the retailer for its PL production between the national brand (NB) manufacturer and a firm from the competitive fringe; monopoly quality choice in a framework where the unit demand is differentiated horizontally and vertically; impact of a competitor entry when demand is differentiated in two ways
Tabarraei, Hamid Reza. "Essays on international financial spillovers and sovereign default risk." Paris, EHESS, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014EHES0001.
Full textThe goal of this thesis is to present theoretical and empirical investigations of mechanisms through which sovereign crises propagate across countries. In particular, I analyze the spillover effects of the European debt cri sis on emerging economies and on the banking system in Europe. The thesis includes four chapters in which the transmission mechanisms are analyzed from different angles. Chapter 1 and chapter \2 present theoretical models of sovereign contagion risk and sovereign default risk based on the literature of global games. Chapter 3 analyses empirically the role of international banking flows in propagating the Euro debt crisis t emerging economies. Finally, chapter 4 presents a dynamic stochastic general equilibrium mod (DSGE) to examine the impact of sovereign default risk on the banking system and the role of banks as financial intermediaries in transmitting shocks to the real economy
Carrère, Anne. "Modélisation économétrique du processus de formation des prix des métaux non ferreux." Toulouse 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993TOU10017.
Full textThis document presents a structural model of determination of the prices for aluminium, copper, nickel and titanium. The use of econometric techniques enabled the emphasize of the set of economic variables which are involved in the mechanism of formation of the quotations. From 1955 to the present day, the model reveals that prices are strongly responsive to the world economic environment and to important international political and social events. The prices tend towards a middle term equilibrium, going through transitory phases of unbalance that the metal producers and prices stabilization policies are trying to control
Debbabi, Daassi Sana. "Processus d'influence de la téléprésence dans une publicité en ligne sur la formation de l'attitude à l'égard du produit : essai de modélisation." Toulouse 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008TOU10040.
Full textThe objective of this research consists in modeling the influence’s processes of telepresence in online advertising on attitude formation towards the product. More precisely, our guiding line of inquiry can be stated as follows: in online advertising, how does telepresence influence the formation of the attitude towards the product? In order to answer to this research question, a conceptual model is proposed. This one introduces two cognitive and affective interdependent influence’s processes of telepresence on attitude towards the product. In addition, an external level of contingency is described. This one introduces moderating variables of the relationships’ intensities between telepresence, attitude towards the product and its mediators’ formation. In order to test the theoretical model, a quasi-experimental quantitative study is conducted. The study’s results validate the influence of the telepresence on the attitude towards the product via two interdependent processes. The first one is cognitive, based on product beliefs. The second is affective, based on emotions activated by the navigation in an on-line advertising. The results also bring to light the moderating effects of advertising format (3D vs 2D), product involvement level (low vs high) and product category (geometric vs material) of relationships’ strength between telepresence, attitude towards the product and its mediators’ formation. These results are interpreted and their managerial implications are discussed
Juan, Sandrine. "Les modélisations économétriques d'estimation de coût dans l'industrie automobile : l'apport des techniques de bootstrap." Dijon, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999DIJOE023.
Full textNono, Simplice Aimé, and Simplice Aimé Nono. "Three essays in international finance and macroeconomics." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/28284.
Full textCette thèse examine l’effet de l’information sur la prévision macroéconomique. De façon spécifique, l’emphase est d’abord mise sur l’impact des frictions d’information en économie ouverte sur la prévision du taux de change bilatéral et ensuite sur le rôle de l’information issue des données d’enquêtes de conjoncture dans la prévision de l’activité économique réelle. Issu du paradigme de la nouvelle macroéconomie ouverte (NOEM), le premier essai intègre des frictions d’informations et des rigidités nominales dans un modèle d’équilibre général dynamique stochastique (DSGE) en économie ouverte. Il présente ensuite une analyse comparative des résultats de la prévision du taux de change obtenu en utilisant le modèle avec et sans ces frictions d’information. Tandis que le premier essai développe un modèle macroéconomique structurel de type DSGE pour analyser l’effet de la transmission des choc en information incomplète sur la dynamique du taux de change entre deux économies, le deuxième et troisième essais utilisent les modèles factorielles dynamiques avec ciblage pour mettre en exergue la contribution de l’information contenu dans les données d’enquêtes de confiance (soit au niveau de l’économie nationale que internationale) sur la prévision conjoncturelle de l’activité économique réelle. « The Forward Premium Puzzle : a Learning-based Explanation » (Essai 1) est une contribution à la littérature sur la prévision du taux de change. Cet essai a comme point de départ le résultat théorique selon lequel lorsque les taux d’intérêt sont plus élevés localement qu’ils le sont à l’étranger, cela annonce une dépréciation future de la monnaie locale. Cependant, les résultats empiriques obtenus sont généralement en contradiction avec cette intuition et cette contradiction a été baptisée l’énigme de la parité des taux d’intérêt non-couverte ou encore «énigme de la prime des contrats à terme ». L’essai propose une explication de cette énigme basée sur le mécanisme d’apprentissage des agents économiques. Sous l’hypothèse que les chocs de politique monétaire et de technologie peuvent être soit de type persistant et soit de type transitoire, le problème d’information survient lorsque les agents économiques ne sont pas en mesure d’observer directement le type de choc et doivent plutôt utiliser un mécanisme de filtrage de l’information pour inférer la nature du choc. Nous simulons le modèle en présence de ces frictions informationnelles, et ensuite en les éliminant, et nous vérifions si les données artificielles générées par les simulations présentent les symptômes de l’énigme de la prime des contrats à terme. Notre explication à l’énigme est validée si et seulement si seules les données générées par le modèle avec les frictions informationnelles répliquent l’énigme. « Using Confidence Data to Forecast the Canadian Business Cycle » (Essai 2) s’appuie sur l’observation selon laquelle la confiance des agents économiques figure désormais parmi les principaux indicateurs de la dynamique conjoncturelle. Cet essai analyse la qualité et la quantité d’information contenu dans les données d’enquêtes mesurant la confiance des agents économiques. A cet effet, il évalue la contribution des données de confiance dans la prévision des points de retournement (« turning points ») dans l’évolution de l’économie canadienne. Un cadre d’analyse avec des modèles de type probit à facteurs est spécifié et appliqué à un indicateur de l’état du cycle économique canadien produit par l’OCDE. Les variables explicatives comprennent toutes les données canadiennes disponibles sur la confiance des agents (qui proviennent de quatre enquêtes différentes) ainsi que diverses données macroéconomiques et financières. Le modèle est estimé par le maximum de vraisemblance et les données de confiance sont introduites dans les différents modèles sous la forme de variables individuelles, de moyennes simples (des « indices de confiance ») et de « facteurs de confiance » extraits d’un ensemble de données plus grand dans lequel toutes les données de confiance disponibles ont été regroupées via la méthode des composantes principales, . Nos résultats indiquent que le plein potentiel des données sur la confiance pour la prévision des cycles économiques canadiens est obtenu lorsque toutes les données sont utilisées et que les modèles factoriels sont utilisés. « Forecasting with Many Predictors: How Useful are National and International Confidence Data? » (Essai 3) est basé sur le fait que dans un environnement où les sources de données sont multiples, l’information est susceptible de devenir redondante d’une variable à l’autre et qu’une sélection serrée devient nécessaire pour identifier les principaux déterminants de la prévision. Cet essai analyse les conditions selon lesquelles les données de confiance constituent un des déterminants majeurs de la prévision de l’activité économique dans un tel environnement. La modélisation factorielle dynamique ciblée est utilisé pour évaluer le pouvoir prédictif des données des enquêtes nationales et internationales sur la confiance dans la prévision de la croissance du PIB Canadien. Nous considérons les données d’enquêtes de confiance désagrégées dans un environnement riche en données (c’est-à-dire contenant plus d’un millier de séries macro-économiques et financières) et évaluons leur contenu informatif au-delà de celui contenu dans les variables macroéconomiques et financières. De bout en bout, nous étudions le pouvoir prédictif des données de confiance en produisant des prévisions du PIB avec des modèles à facteurs dynamiques où les facteurs sont dérivés avec et sans données de confiance. Les résultats montrent que la capacité de prévision est améliorée de façon robuste lorsqu’on prend en compte l’information contenue dans les données nationales sur la confiance. En revanche, les données internationales de confiance ne sont utiles que lorsqu’elles sont combinées dans le même ensemble avec celles issues des enquêtes nationales. En outre, les gains les plus pertinents dans l’amelioration des prévisions sont obtenus à court terme (jusqu’à trois trimestres en avant).
This thesis examines the effect of information on macroeconomic forecasting. Specifically, the emphasis is firstly on the impact of information frictions in open economy in forecasting the bilateral exchange rate and then on the role of information from confidence survey data in forecasting real economic activity. Based on the new open-economy macroeconomics paradigm (NOEM), the first chapter incorporates information frictions and nominal rigidities in a stochastic dynamic general equilibrium (DSGE) model in open economy. Then, it presents a comparative analysis of the results of the exchange rate forecast obtained using the model with and without these information frictions. While the first chapter develops a structural macroeconomic model of DSGE type to analyze the effect of shock transmission in incomplete information on exchange rate dynamics between two economies, the second and third chapters use static and dynamic factor models with targeting to highlight the contribution of information contained in confidence-based survey data (either at the national or international level) in forecasting real economic activity. The first chapter is entitled The Forward Premium Puzzle: a Learning-based Explanation and is a contribution to the exchange rate forecasting literature. When interest rates are higher in one’s home country than abroad, economic intuition suggests this signals the home currency will depreciate in the future. However, empirical evidence has been found to be at odds with this intuition: this is the "forward premium puzzle." I propose a learning-based explanation for this puzzle. To do so, I embed an information problem in a two-country open-economy model with nominal rigidities. The information friction arises because economic agents do not directly observe whether shocks are transitory or permanent and must infer their nature using a filtering mechanism each period. We simulate the model with and without this informational friction and test whether the generated artificial data exhibits the symptoms of the forward premium puzzle. Our leaning-based explanation is validated as only the data generated with the active informational friction replicates the puzzle. The second chapter uses dynamic factor models to highlight the contribution of the information contained in Canadian confidence survey data for forecasting the Canadian business cycle: Using Confidence Data to Forecast the Canadian Business Cycle is based on the fact that confidence (or sentiment) is one key indicators of economic momentum. The chapter assesses the contribution of confidence -or sentiment-data in predicting Canadian economic slowdowns. A probit framework is applied to an indicator on the status of the Canadian business cycle produced by the OECD. Explanatory variables include all available Canadian data on sentiment (which arise from four different surveys) as well as various macroeconomic and financial data. Sentiment data are introduced either as individual variables, as simple averages (such as confidence indices) and as confidence factors extracted, via principal components’ decomposition, from a larger dataset in which all available sentiment data have been collected. Our findings indicate that the full potential of sentiment data for forecasting future business cycles in Canada is attained when all data are used through the use of factor models. The third chapter uses dynamic factor models to highlight the contribution of the information contained in confidence survey data (either in Canadian or International surveys) for forecasting the Canadian economic activity. This chapter entitled Forecasting with Many Predictors: How Useful are National and International Confidence Data? is based on the fact that in a data-rich environment, information may become redundant so that a selection of forecasting determinants based on the quality of information is required. The chapter investigates whether in such an environment; confidence data can constitute a major determinant of economic activity forecasting. To do so, a targeted dynamic factor model is used to evaluate the performance of national and international confidence survey data in predicting Canadian GDP growth. We first examine the relationship between Canadian GDP and confidence and assess whether Canadian and international (US) improve forecasting accuracy after controlling for classical predictors. We next consider dis-aggregated confidence survey data in a data-rich environment (i.e. containing more than a thousand macroeconomic and financial series) and assess their information content in excess of that contained in macroeconomic and financial variables. Throughout, we investigate the predictive power of confidence data by producing GDP forecasts with dynamic factor models where the factors are derived with and without confidence data. We find that forecasting ability is consistently improved by considering information from national confidence data; by contrast, the international counterpart are helpful only when combined in the same set with national confidence. Moreover most relevant gains in the forecast performance come in short-horizon (up to three-quarters-ahead).
This thesis examines the effect of information on macroeconomic forecasting. Specifically, the emphasis is firstly on the impact of information frictions in open economy in forecasting the bilateral exchange rate and then on the role of information from confidence survey data in forecasting real economic activity. Based on the new open-economy macroeconomics paradigm (NOEM), the first chapter incorporates information frictions and nominal rigidities in a stochastic dynamic general equilibrium (DSGE) model in open economy. Then, it presents a comparative analysis of the results of the exchange rate forecast obtained using the model with and without these information frictions. While the first chapter develops a structural macroeconomic model of DSGE type to analyze the effect of shock transmission in incomplete information on exchange rate dynamics between two economies, the second and third chapters use static and dynamic factor models with targeting to highlight the contribution of information contained in confidence-based survey data (either at the national or international level) in forecasting real economic activity. The first chapter is entitled The Forward Premium Puzzle: a Learning-based Explanation and is a contribution to the exchange rate forecasting literature. When interest rates are higher in one’s home country than abroad, economic intuition suggests this signals the home currency will depreciate in the future. However, empirical evidence has been found to be at odds with this intuition: this is the "forward premium puzzle." I propose a learning-based explanation for this puzzle. To do so, I embed an information problem in a two-country open-economy model with nominal rigidities. The information friction arises because economic agents do not directly observe whether shocks are transitory or permanent and must infer their nature using a filtering mechanism each period. We simulate the model with and without this informational friction and test whether the generated artificial data exhibits the symptoms of the forward premium puzzle. Our leaning-based explanation is validated as only the data generated with the active informational friction replicates the puzzle. The second chapter uses dynamic factor models to highlight the contribution of the information contained in Canadian confidence survey data for forecasting the Canadian business cycle: Using Confidence Data to Forecast the Canadian Business Cycle is based on the fact that confidence (or sentiment) is one key indicators of economic momentum. The chapter assesses the contribution of confidence -or sentiment-data in predicting Canadian economic slowdowns. A probit framework is applied to an indicator on the status of the Canadian business cycle produced by the OECD. Explanatory variables include all available Canadian data on sentiment (which arise from four different surveys) as well as various macroeconomic and financial data. Sentiment data are introduced either as individual variables, as simple averages (such as confidence indices) and as confidence factors extracted, via principal components’ decomposition, from a larger dataset in which all available sentiment data have been collected. Our findings indicate that the full potential of sentiment data for forecasting future business cycles in Canada is attained when all data are used through the use of factor models. The third chapter uses dynamic factor models to highlight the contribution of the information contained in confidence survey data (either in Canadian or International surveys) for forecasting the Canadian economic activity. This chapter entitled Forecasting with Many Predictors: How Useful are National and International Confidence Data? is based on the fact that in a data-rich environment, information may become redundant so that a selection of forecasting determinants based on the quality of information is required. The chapter investigates whether in such an environment; confidence data can constitute a major determinant of economic activity forecasting. To do so, a targeted dynamic factor model is used to evaluate the performance of national and international confidence survey data in predicting Canadian GDP growth. We first examine the relationship between Canadian GDP and confidence and assess whether Canadian and international (US) improve forecasting accuracy after controlling for classical predictors. We next consider dis-aggregated confidence survey data in a data-rich environment (i.e. containing more than a thousand macroeconomic and financial series) and assess their information content in excess of that contained in macroeconomic and financial variables. Throughout, we investigate the predictive power of confidence data by producing GDP forecasts with dynamic factor models where the factors are derived with and without confidence data. We find that forecasting ability is consistently improved by considering information from national confidence data; by contrast, the international counterpart are helpful only when combined in the same set with national confidence. Moreover most relevant gains in the forecast performance come in short-horizon (up to three-quarters-ahead).
Murcia, Véronique. "Modélisation économétrique de la dynamique du marché communautaire des vins de table : le cas français." Montpellier 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993MON10034.
Full textKechaou, Mondher. "Les modèles de boom sectoriel : essai d'analyses théorique et empirique." Nice, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989NICE0025.
Full textCadren, Muriel. "Modélisation à court terme des consommations de produits pétroliers en France." Dijon, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998DIJOE007.
Full textThe analysis of petroleum product demand became a privileged thrust of research following the modifications in terms of structure and level of the petroleum markets since eighties. The greatest importance to econometrics models of energy demand, joint works about nonstationary data, explained the development of error-correction models and the cointegration. In this context, the short term econometric modelling of petroleum product demand doesn't only focus on forecasts but also on the measure of the gain acquired from using error- correction techniques and cointegration. It's fitting to take the influence of technical improvement and environment pressures into account in econometric modelling of petroleum products demand. The first part presents the evolution of energy demand in France and more particularly the petroleum product demand since 1986. The objective is to determine the main characteristics of each product, which will help us to analyse and validate the econometrics models. The second part focus on the recent developments in times series modelling. We study the problem of nonstationary data and expose different unit root tests. We examine the main approaches to univariate and multivariate modelling with nonstationary data and distinguish the forecasts of the latter's. The third part is intended to applications. Its objective is to illustrate the theoretic developments of the second part with a comparison between the performances of different approaches (approach box and Jenkins, Johansen approach's and structural approach). The models will be applied to the main French petroleum market. The observed asymmetrical demand behaviour is also considered
Naccache, Salma. "Hyperconnected e-commerce distribution sustainability : multi-agent simulation based assessment for e-vendors." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27439.
Full textThe growth of online sales of physical products demonstrates the interest of suppliers for the adoption of B2C e-commerce as an alternative distribution channel to the conventional retail channel. The benefits of B2C are promoted not only by the scientific literature but also by practically grounded professional literature. In fact, Web stores complemented conventional Brick-and-Mortar retail shops, allowing e-vendors to access a wide geographical range of e-consumers through the Internet. On the consumer side, accessing products at any time and home delivery enhance their shopping experience, notably through time and fuel savings. This common vision of B2C distribution benefits considers only «the visible face of the iceberg», confined to the ordering process and the last-mile delivery. In this thesis, we are interested in investigating the impacts of e-commerce distribution over a larger scope that encompasses the entire distribution system of e-vendors. In fact, the complexity of their multi-actor operational environment challenges their ability to manage their distribution operations in a sustainable way, while ensuring ever quicker deliveries to their e-consumers. Moreover, B2C distribution systems inherit the inefficiency symptoms observed through the current logistics environment. Besides, the concept of the Physical Internet (PI or π) enabled hyperconnected distribution is a priori a candidate alternative that allows e-vendors to improve their performance, in contrast with current B2C distribution approaches. Through an exploratory study, this thesis investigates the impacts of a PI-enabled hyperconnected distribution on the sustainable potential of e-vendors, in contrast with current B2C distribution options. To this end, case studies based on multi-agent simulations were developed for modeling e-vendor distribution scenarios, inspired by actual data from our industrial partner South Shore Industries. Through the use of key performance indicators (KPIs), we gradually assessed e-vendor performance starting from the drop-ship distribution approach. Then, we assessed a dynamic B2C deployment approach in the current logistics environment then in a PI-enabled context. The first contribution of this thesis is to close the theoretical gap between research and practice in terms of modeling integrated B2C distribution systems. The second contribution is the development of a generic multi-agent conceptual model for B2C distribution scenario simulations. The third contribution is the proposal of an integrated consolidation based distribution approach allowing e-vendors to improve their performances, while globally reducing e-consumer order delivery times, within a drop-ship distribution based approach. The fourth contribution is the proposal of an e-vendor dynamic inventory balancing model. The last contribution confirms through a simulation-based experiment, that a PI-enabled hyperconnected distribution leverages the sustainable potential of e-vendors.
Auclair, Vincent. "Estimation des fonctions d'offre des principaux pays producteurs de pétrole." Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/28252/28252.pdf.
Full textAtkinson, Gordon. "Communication factuelle et évocations symboliques dans l'action du message publicitaire : une application au marché du vin." Dijon, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000DIJOE007.
Full textEmiris, Marina. "Essays on macroeconomics and finance." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210764.
Full textAndrianarison, Francis. "Trois essais sur les institutions et le développement." Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/28818/28818.pdf.
Full textVergnaud, Eric. "Structure et exploitation d'un modèle macroéconomique trimestriel." Paris 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA010027.
Full textAtsin, Aimeric Laurent. "Incidences de la crise économique mondiale sur les pays en voie de développement : cas de la Côte d'Ivoire : analyse macroéconomique en équilibre générale calculable des canaux de transmissions de la crise." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/22202.
Full textBourdarias-Pham, Vân. "Investissement direct étranger et tourisme international." Thesis, Toulouse 2, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TOU20039.
Full textThis work focuses on foreign direct investment and international tourism. It is a simultaneous study in tourism demand international both in terms of arrivals and revenue; These elements have been little the subject of earlier work, due to the specificity of tourism and the shortcomings of statistical data. This work consists of two parts. The first is divided into two chapters. In the first chapter, it comes to the economic analysis of the IDE, including the sector of tourism and international tourism. In the second chapter, the main determinants of FDI and tourism are studied. The second part concerns the econometric applications and the classification of the typology of the determinants of FDI; it includes two chapters. In the first chapter, statistical data, the methodology for descriptive statistics and econometric models are studied in order to demonstrate the link of interdependence and the relationship of interaction. The second chapter is devoted to the analysis of tests of the countries concerned. By combining the results of econometric tests, a study of the product monograph of each country, it is permitted to establish a ranking of the determinants of FDI to tourist destination
Wolf, Clara. "Housing and monetary policy : three essays on empirical housing economics and international monetary policy." Thesis, Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016IEPP0067.
Full textThis thesis investigates heterogeneous topics since it is related to both housing economics and monetary economics, and uses various tools including theoretical modeling, microeconomic policy evaluation and macroeconomic empirical approach. It is constituted of three chapters. The first one, co-authored with Eric Monnet, is interested in the relationship between demographic changes within countries and housing investment. The second one, co-authored with Guillaume Chapelle and Benjamin Vignolles, assesses the impact of a housing tax credit on several dimensions of the housing market. Finally, the third one studies how monetary policy should react to capital inflows when there are frictions on the financial market
Kapyrina, Natalia. "L'internationalisation de la protection des dessins et modèles." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018STRAA007.
Full textThis thesis uncovers the legal dynamics which contribute to the international protection of industrial designs. To that end it analyses the conventional international framework and brings together comparative insights, as well as institutional, historical and economic analysis. Whereas the defects of past substantive harmonisation efforts are clear at first sight, a shift in perspective allows not only to bring a set of justifications, but also to evidentiate converging tendencies which are driven through other vectors. Among those are the informal convergence towards a normative model, the activity of the Judiciary as well as regional integration. Further efforts of such internationalisation will have to comply with a need for coherence and respect for diversity. Instead of further substantial harmonisation, additional procedural coordination, as well as international cooperation on specific projects find endorsement
Schmiedel, Frank. "L'orientation géographique des échanges commerciaux de la Chine : analyse de ses déterminants et de la position européenne à partir des modèles de gravité." Clermont-Ferrand 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998CLF10192.
Full textWe analyze the geographical distribution of China’s bilateral foreign trade between 1978 and 1994. Conventional statistical measures such as market shares and trade intensity indices are used to evaluate the position of EEC member countries in this context. The intensity of sino-European trade turns out to be quite low. Since these statistical measures do not offer an economic explanation for the observed phenomena, we then apply a gravity model (Linnemann, 1966) to Chinese foreign trade. The simple model is subsequently augmented by additional variables reflecting other structural and political determinants of trade. Estimation is done using both cross-country and panel data. We propose new estimators for the gravity model, which are based on panel data. These estimators improve considerably the performance of our model. According to these results, sino-European trade does not appear to be weak any more, once the determinants of our augmented model are taken into account, I. E. Economic size of partner countries, distance, factor endowments, differences in per-capita income (Linder), openness, colonial past, direct investment in China and exchange rates. Our results are quite robust when confronted with specification changes and disaggregated data (manufactured/non-manufactured goods). We therefore conclude that neither our empirical results nor the model’s theoretical features justify any public intervention in favor of sino-European trade
Guérin, Jean-Louis. "L'ouverture, "catalyseur" de la croissance." Paris 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA010076.
Full textHervé, Karine. "Une nouvelle approche du taux de change d'équilibre à partir des équations du commerce extérieur : une application aux grands pays industrialisés et aux nouveaux états membres de l'Union européenne." Paris 13, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA131022.
Full textThe purpose of this PhD thesis is to estimate the equilibrium exchange rates for the major industrialised countries (the United States, the euro area, Japan and the United Kingdom) and the new Member States of the European Union (EU). Drawing on a critical analysis of the literature on equilibrium exchange rates, we focus on the approach based on trade equations and enrich it. The contribution of the thesis is both empirical and methodological. First, we develop a computation method that aims to adhere to the bilateral exchange rate constraint and minimise the gap between the target rates set ex ante and those observed ex post. Second, we estimate external trade elasticities that take due account of the long-term country asymmetries and of the specificities of the aggregated euro area. Third, we analyse and quantify the impact of current account balances on equilibrium exchange rates, using an application on the new EU Member States. We derive from this computation an analysis that highlights the large misalignments experienced by the nominal exchange rates of major currencies, which reflect the magnitude of the current account imbalances in these economies. The huge current account deficit of the United States has resulted in particular in a high overvaluation of the dollar. As far as the new EU Member States are concerned, the risks stemming from a rapid integration in the euro area should be highlighted. It seems therefore all the more appropriate that these countries keep some leeway with respect to their fiscal and current imbalances, given their huge financing needs
Boutin, Jean-Philippe. "Systèmes de réputation et préférences des consommateurs : application de la théorie de la détection du signal au commerce en ligne." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/28107.
Full textWabenga, James Yango. "Les facteurs démographiques comme déterminants des soldes extérieurs." Thesis, Université Laval, 2014. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2014/30932/30932.pdf.
Full textThis thesis develops a dynamic general equilibrium model to analyze the impacts of the demographic factors on the external balance of countries. The model of Gertler [1999] is generalized in an international economy including two economic zones, the first one representing the developed countries, with an ageing population, and the other one including the developing countries, having a young population. The results of the simulations reveal that the rate of savings of a country depends on the structure of age of his population. The developing countries have a high rate of savings while developed countries have a low rate of savings. As a consequence, the model predicts that developing countries have an external balance surplus coupled with the debts and developed countries have an external balance deficit.
Noel, Laurent. "Emergence, construction et dynamique du marché de l'art : le cas du marché du mobilier Art Déco." Paris 13, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA131003.
Full textThe different factors that determine quality in art are difficult to comprehend and make art a complex asset. The art market is a social construction, in general segmented by movements. Participants aim to reduce uncertainty to allow for the functioning of the market. Public and private collections, by the rarefaction of art works, have a strong influence on the price and even the demand for works of a particular movement. The market studied, Art Deco furniture from 1959 to 2004, and the methodology used, the econometric study of the formulation of prices, provide an empirical review of the pertinent issues and the market's evolution. The results demonstrate the closeness of the relationships between the different market participants, in particular between auction houses and galleries, and identify elements that explain prices. The study also shows that the establishment of a market occurs where there is the most efficient regulation, providing the greatest reassurance for buyers. Paris thus dominates the international market in Art Deco furniture. It is the quality and the quantity, rather than the price, an ambiguous indicator, of the works on offer which constitute the regulation. While the market is impacted by the economic and financial climate, exceptional works are relatively unaffected. Finally, while the market in Art Deco furniture offers a return comparable to investment in the financial markets albeit with a greater risk, the impossibility of evaluating transaction costs and the psychological value of owning an asset in the form of an artwork, makes comparisons difficult
Hernandez, Lauriane. "Prévision du chiffre d'affaires pour l'implantation d'un hypermarché : comparaison de deux méthodes." Montpellier 2, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991MON20229.
Full textChatti, Rim. "Politique commerciale en concurrence imparfaite : une évaluation quantitative pour la Tunisie au moyen de modèles d'équilibre général calculable." Paris 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA010003.
Full textThe impact of trade policy on welfare could be decomposed into many channels, when firms operate under increasing returns to scale and enjoy market power. These are the traditional terms of trade and deadweight loss effects, the scale effect in case of unexploited economies of scale, the procompetitive effect when firms price over the marginal cost and the variety effect when product differentiation is at the firm level. It is shown in the literature that the interaction of all these effects produces an ambiguous sign on welfare, that could be resolved only empirically. Tunisia has undertaken wide trade liberalization measures since 1986, our aim has been to give a sign to the impact of trade liberalization on welfare using computable general equilibrium models with increasing returns to scale and imperfect competition. We found welfare loss in case of free entry and exit and low fixed costs and welfare gain in case of barriers to entry and exit
Gara, Florence. "Détérminants et conséquences de l'investissement direct : vers une approche macro-sectorielle." Paris 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA010034.
Full textWe propose a direct investment approach in which macro-economic consequences are taken into account. After having defined the foreign setting up in terms of strategic entry or delocalization, we test on french data whether direct investment and trade are substitute or complememt. Our results show that strategic entry is generally the aim of direct investment but we find that direct investment is more often complementary to trade, which is opposite to the traditional results of industrial international economic models. In such a way, we develop a simultaneous pluri-markets supply model where direct investment and exportation become two complementary means of supply, as long as exportation is more profitable from the foreing market than from the home market. This direct investment meaning leads to acknowledge that the multinational firm is favoured with regard to its home and foreign competitors. We generalize this "specific advantage" as a technological gap leaded and maintained by research and development expenditures, then we theorically and empirically modelize it as a patent race. Since we explained direct investment factors and its relation with international trade, we use the Hermes-France macro-econometric model to modelize and quantify its macro-economic consequences. We also test the impact of an employers charges decrease on the delocalization behaviour
Gharbi, Moufida. "L' impact du commerce extérieur sur l'économie tunisienne." Paris, EHESS, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013EHES0119.
Full textThis work tries, using existing literary resources and some econometric concepts, to explain more significantly the effects of trade on economic growth in a specific country (Tunisia). To provide some answers to this question, we focused on the nature of the causal link between trade and growth. Nevertheless, the study addresses in the first instance, the question of a simultaneous variation between trade and growth, in a second stage, the situation of the major determinants of the Tunisian trade and one last time, we study the effects of foreign trade on economic performance and the welfare in Tunisia. The first chapter discusses the delimitation of the different concepts that will be studied (definitions, motivations, roles, rules. . . Foreign trade) and the presentation of the commonly used instruments analysis. The second chapter presents the available advantages of Tunisia to boost its trade. Therefore, trade policies implemented are reviewed, as well as high-quality infrastructure, human capital skills, the attractiveness and the investment climate. The third chapter provides a descriptive analysis of the evolution and structure of Tunisian foreign trade (physiognomy changes over time, characteristics) between 1961 and 2011. Given the endogeneity of the advantages of the country and the evolution of its foreign trade (findings of two previous chapters), the purpose of the fourth chapter is to identify the main determinants of the Tunisian foreign trade between 1967 and 2011 using a gravitational dynarnic model "enriched" estimated by the method of instrumental variables time series (IV). .
Aflouk, Nabil. "Régimes de change, taux de change d'équilibre et croissance économique." Paris 13, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA131016.
Full text