Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Commerce – Modèles mathématiques – Tunisie'
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Decreux, Yvan. "Analyse des effets de l'ouverture commerciale sur les rémunérations des facteurs en Tunisie." Paris 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA010014.
Full textChatti, Rim. "Politique commerciale en concurrence imparfaite : une évaluation quantitative pour la Tunisie au moyen de modèles d'équilibre général calculable." Paris 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA010003.
Full textThe impact of trade policy on welfare could be decomposed into many channels, when firms operate under increasing returns to scale and enjoy market power. These are the traditional terms of trade and deadweight loss effects, the scale effect in case of unexploited economies of scale, the procompetitive effect when firms price over the marginal cost and the variety effect when product differentiation is at the firm level. It is shown in the literature that the interaction of all these effects produces an ambiguous sign on welfare, that could be resolved only empirically. Tunisia has undertaken wide trade liberalization measures since 1986, our aim has been to give a sign to the impact of trade liberalization on welfare using computable general equilibrium models with increasing returns to scale and imperfect competition. We found welfare loss in case of free entry and exit and low fixed costs and welfare gain in case of barriers to entry and exit
Hajiali, Najoua. "Quelles mathématiques enseigner dans une école supérieure d'économie ?Une étude de cas en Tunisie." Lyon 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005LYO10203.
Full textChaabani, Mounir. "La contribution du secteur électrique au développement soutenable : application au cas de la Tunisie." Paris 2, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA020011.
Full textGharbi, Moufida. "L' impact du commerce extérieur sur l'économie tunisienne." Paris, EHESS, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013EHES0119.
Full textThis work tries, using existing literary resources and some econometric concepts, to explain more significantly the effects of trade on economic growth in a specific country (Tunisia). To provide some answers to this question, we focused on the nature of the causal link between trade and growth. Nevertheless, the study addresses in the first instance, the question of a simultaneous variation between trade and growth, in a second stage, the situation of the major determinants of the Tunisian trade and one last time, we study the effects of foreign trade on economic performance and the welfare in Tunisia. The first chapter discusses the delimitation of the different concepts that will be studied (definitions, motivations, roles, rules. . . Foreign trade) and the presentation of the commonly used instruments analysis. The second chapter presents the available advantages of Tunisia to boost its trade. Therefore, trade policies implemented are reviewed, as well as high-quality infrastructure, human capital skills, the attractiveness and the investment climate. The third chapter provides a descriptive analysis of the evolution and structure of Tunisian foreign trade (physiognomy changes over time, characteristics) between 1961 and 2011. Given the endogeneity of the advantages of the country and the evolution of its foreign trade (findings of two previous chapters), the purpose of the fourth chapter is to identify the main determinants of the Tunisian foreign trade between 1967 and 2011 using a gravitational dynarnic model "enriched" estimated by the method of instrumental variables time series (IV). .
Guérin, Jean-Louis. "L'ouverture, "catalyseur" de la croissance." Paris 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA010076.
Full textAnnabi, Nabil. "Libéralisation commerciale en Tunisie : une analyse à l'aide de modèle d'équilibre général calculable dynamique." Paris 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA010048.
Full textErkel-Rousse, Hélène. "Commerce international et différenciation de produit : modélisation théorique et applications empiriques." Paris 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA010049.
Full textFerjani, Ali. "Equilibre sectoriel, équilibre général : modélisation de l'impact de la libéralisation sur l'agriculture et l'économie tunisiennes." Montpellier 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002MON10014.
Full textSahuc, Cyril. "Approches mathématiques pour l’aménagement de zones commerciales : modèles linéaires, algorythmes et systèmes multi-agents." Thesis, Avignon, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020AVIG0276.
Full textCommercial zones have been constantly expanding for decades, often without a predefined plan. Operators settle according to land opportunities by generally oversizing the parking areas they need. This lack of a comprehensive plan leads to soil scarcity. We offer mathematical models for decision-making that allow global management of these commercial areas. These allow us to act on decision levers such as the size and location of car parks and the location of shops. We solve these models by direct linear programming, by heuristic schemes, and with simplification processes. Models are coupled with the MatSim multi-agent simulator, thus making it possible to take into account congestion phenomena. Several numerical experiments by randomly generated instances are given and commented on
Ouerfelli, Chokri. "La saisonnalité dans les séries temporelles : étude théorique et appliquée au tourisme tunisien." Dijon, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999DIJOE003.
Full textThe study of seasonal non stationary time series showed a deterministic and/or stochastic seasonality which may be the origin of observable variations of economic time series. It establishes that official seasonal adjustment methods lead to severe distortions of data. Then, seasonality must not be considered as an independent phenomena ; it can transmit information about economic agents behaviours. We judged necessary to include seasonality in our empirical analysis of tourist time series. This means to analyse the mechanisms of seasonal behaviours tourist activity. We have specified the nature of seasonal behaviour of stay demand with recent tools of monthly time series analysis. Raw data in logarithm (tourist expenditures, price, income, guest- nights, reception capacity,. . . ) Are studied in the context of classic theory of demand and supply- induced demand theory. The results of unit root tests show that most of tourist series were generated by non stationary process where seasonality is both stochastic and deterministic. Lee's (1992) strategy allows to estimate cointegrating relations at several frequencies. Error correction models were derived for endogenous variables. Another modelling methodologies, allow to apprehend tourist series variability, were proposed. We retained Harvey's (1990) structural time-series modelling approach and box and Jenkins (1976) arima models. Specifications reduced forms, based on diagnostic checking tests, showed their ability to adequacy fit tourist demand. The comparison of different models were amply contributed to refine empirical results especially for demand elasticity to explanatory variables, and to improve the forecasting accuracy of results
Fournier, Gilles. "Application des modèles mathématiques de coût à la détermination des investissements dans l'industrie pétrolière." Dijon, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997DIJOE008.
Full textIt is today of paramount importance to realistically forecast the cost and time required to design and manufacture a given product, from the very first phase of the project. Furthermore, with the increasingly rapid development of technology, it is often impossible to draw a direct parallel with existing, well known products. Mathematical models of cost, and map models in particular, have been developed to meet this need. Although one may still refer to former products, they do not automatically have to be "analogous" to the product under consideration, because these methods use "universal relationships" between cost, weight, technology, performance and reliability, and also the nature and experience of the firm manufacturing the product. The purpose of this thesis is to demonstrate the pertinence, and more importantly the potential, of mathematical models of cost for the oil and gas industry, from exploration and production to refining, petrochemicals, and internal combustion engines. After a theoretical examination of estimation methods and a classification of existing ones, emphasis is placed on the logical aspect of these models. In addition, the complementarity between these tools and certain fields such as project management is pointed out, for example with respect to value control. The last chapter of the thesis is devoted to case studies. It aims chiefly at comparing theory with practice in order to identify the limits of mathematical models of cost so that they can be used judiciously
Mekki, Insaf. "Analyse et modélisation de la variabilité des flux hydriques à l'échelle d'un bassin versant cultivé alimentant un lac collinaire du domaine semi-aride méditerranéen (Oued Kamech, Cap Bon, Tunisie)." Montpellier 2, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003MON20176.
Full textDucloux, Pierre. "Modélisation du comportement dynamique et optimisation de la conduite d'une cristallisation discontinue de l'industrie sucrière." Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987ECAP0061.
Full textAnouliès, Lisa. "Trade and environment : policy responses." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012IEPP0064.
Full textThis dissertation postulates that strategic interactions between governments are a key element to assess the effects of trade on the environment. It adopts a positive approach which is aimed at uncovering new theoretical mechanisms to contribute to the trade and environment literature on the following questions: is the environmental policy used as a substitute for trade barriers, and what are the environmental consequences of such an attitude? What are the effects of the environmental policy on the productive efficiency of an economy? Can a border tax adjustment support an environmental objective? To propose new elements of answer on these fundamental questions, the three independent chapters of this dissertation rely on theoretical models featuring intra-industry trade. The first chapter shows that trade integration influences the incentives of governments to regulate polluting industries, and that these incentives vary according to the geographical scale of pollution. The second chapter concludes that the cost of complying with an environmental objective differs according to the design elements of the cap-and-trade program when firms are heterogeneous and in monopolistic competition. The third chapter predicts that a border tax adjustment induces compliance of countries with the cooperative environmental agreement, a strategic dimension that is crucial for solving competitive distortions and carbon leakage issues
Fève, Patrick. "Théorie et modélisation économétrique du commerce extérieur : une application au cas français." Paris 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA010005.
Full textThe growing openess to international trade implied a greater sensitivity of industrial countries to foreign shocks. In this thesis, we propose an empirical investigation of french foreign trade. Chapter 1 shows that the econometric of disequilibrium provides a good explanation of the french manufacturing exports. In chapter 2, we propose a new way of modelling of imports behavior. Chapter 3 is devoted to an empirical analysis of export-led-growth hypothesis. In chapter 4, we find significant non-linearities in the dynamic of nominal exchangerate. We study the purchasing power parity with perfect competition (chapter 5) and then with imperfect competition (chapter 6). Chapter 7 developps a small open economy general equilibrium model
Chapda, Nana Guy. "Trois essais en commerce international." Thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2013/29920/29920.pdf.
Full textThis thesis consists of three essays in empirical and theoretical international trade analyzing two main subjects: estimation of Gross National product function and strategic policy in presence of exchange rate pass-through and production risk. The first essay offers an innovative approach for analysis the impact on trade of regional trade agreements (RTA) with application to the Free Trade Agreement (FTA) between Canada and the United States adopted in 1989, which was extended to Mexico as the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) in 1994. More precisely, we estimate a Translog Gross National Product function and test for endogenously determined structural change allowing for anticipated and lagged responses to regional trade agreements. We found that Canada embarked on a long transition path prior to the implementation of the Canada-US Trade Agreement, a result reminiscent of Magee’s (2008) results concerning RTAs’ trade creation effects. In contrast, the United States experienced an abrupt structural change a year after the North American Free Trade Agreement took effect. This reflects that smaller economies benefitting from larger changes in terms of trade are confronted to more complex adjustment processes than larger economies. In the second essay, we empirically investigate the implications of the choice of dates when imposing local restrictions to maintain convexity in output prices and concavity in factor endowments in the the estimation of a GNP function approximated by a Translog (TL) function. Using macroeconomic data for Switzerland, we compare the TL to a Symmetric Normalized Quadratic (SNQ) function on which global curvature restrictions can be imposed. When the functions are unrestricted for curvature, convexity in prices is violated more often than concavity in factor endowments. The number of points for which both curvature conditions hold is sensitive to the date at which local restrictions are imposed on the TL, but estimated TL elasticities are robust. Through searching for an appropriate date, the TL matched the SNQ’s ability to impose curvature conditions at all points. However, many TL and SNQ elasticities differ in sign and magnitude. The likelihood dominance criterion and in-sample forecasts comparisons favored the TL. Thus, choosing a functional form solely based on the possibility of imposing global curvature conditions is not advised. In the last essay, we develop a strategic policy model inspired by the maple syrup industry. The province of Quebec accounts for 71% of the world’s production. We analyze how strategic policy choices and exchange rate pass-through are influenced by vertical linkages and production shocks which are observed after input prices are determined and “planned production” decisions are made. Downstream competition is modeled as a Bertrand duopoly with a home firm exporting all of its production to the importing country which is also supplied by a domestic downstream firm. We specifically examine two cases depending on whether the input price is negotiated between the input producer and the downstream firm in the exporting country or simply fixed by the input producer. We always assume that the upstream firm sets the input price in the importing country. Our analysis shows that the exporting government should subsidize production/exports and the foreign government should subsidize local production whatever the case chosen. We also show that when there is rationing, the exchange rate pass-through is charaterized by a threshold effect that is quite unlike the sort of theshold effect described in models with menu costs.
Cadren, Muriel. "Modélisation à court terme des consommations de produits pétroliers en France." Dijon, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998DIJOE007.
Full textThe analysis of petroleum product demand became a privileged thrust of research following the modifications in terms of structure and level of the petroleum markets since eighties. The greatest importance to econometrics models of energy demand, joint works about nonstationary data, explained the development of error-correction models and the cointegration. In this context, the short term econometric modelling of petroleum product demand doesn't only focus on forecasts but also on the measure of the gain acquired from using error- correction techniques and cointegration. It's fitting to take the influence of technical improvement and environment pressures into account in econometric modelling of petroleum products demand. The first part presents the evolution of energy demand in France and more particularly the petroleum product demand since 1986. The objective is to determine the main characteristics of each product, which will help us to analyse and validate the econometrics models. The second part focus on the recent developments in times series modelling. We study the problem of nonstationary data and expose different unit root tests. We examine the main approaches to univariate and multivariate modelling with nonstationary data and distinguish the forecasts of the latter's. The third part is intended to applications. Its objective is to illustrate the theoretic developments of the second part with a comparison between the performances of different approaches (approach box and Jenkins, Johansen approach's and structural approach). The models will be applied to the main French petroleum market. The observed asymmetrical demand behaviour is also considered
Mathurin, Joël. "Applications de la théorie des jeux coopératifs à l'analyse économique de la coopération internationale : illustrations par l'étude du cas de la politique agricole commune." Toulouse 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997TOU10081.
Full textGuegnard, Frédéric. "Caractérisation polynomiale des processus séquentiels." Angers, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000ANGE0005.
Full textThe modelling of sequential processes is used in many important fields such as operational research, industrial engineering and computer science. This thesis proposes a new modelling of sequential processes: to any sequence, complex or not, we associate a polynomial with one or more variables with coefficients and values in a finite field. This mathematical model is within the framework of the classical polynomial interpolation problem only in the particular case of the set z/pz. The consequence of this approach is the possibility to use both the properties of the set z/pz (small fermat theorem, ) and the properties of calculations on polynomials. After a reminder on the set z/pz, we redefine all the procedures allowing to perform operations on these polynomials in this set: addition, multiplication, Euclidean division, composition and especially evaluation. In the case of simple sequential processes (without repetition of tasks), we have made explicit the properties of our model before defining a base of polynomials that allows us to dynamically construct the polynomial. We can then perturb our initial process and set up procedures to manage these perturbations at the level of the polynomial without having to recalculate it entirely. We now have the same tools as for a classical data structure, so we can use it to model classical sequencing problems. We are interested in genetic algorithms and in the neighbourhoods of the travelling salesman problem. Before concluding, we propose a model for complex sequential processes where the repetition of tasks is then allowed. In this case, we use a polynomial with two variables and we present some applications of this model
Agrebi, Sinda. "Les déterminants de l'intention d'usage des smartphones pour l'achat sur des sites mobiles : essai de modélisation : cas de la SNCF et Air France." Paris 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA010076.
Full textMelzi, Zohir. "Le problème de la révision des données statistiques : le cas des données douanières mensuelles du commerce extérieur français." Paris 10, 2012. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01419278.
Full textIn this thesis, we tackle the problem of data revision. The nonfinal character of the macroeconomic statistics is analyzed, of kind to being able to identify the various aspects of their revision, that it is periodic or not. The first part recalls the literature which approaches the problems of data revision, where we expose the principal results in the statistical description of the phenomenon as of the first analyses, by confronting them with the more recent studies, in order to recognize its evolution. We expose at the same time, the results obtained in the predictibility of the process of revision, by detailing all the techniques of modeling as all the macroeconomic variables which are concerned by this phenomenon, and its influence in the improvement of quality of the forecast and the techniques of modeling. The second part will relate to the monthly series of foreign trade of France, concerned with the phenomenon of data revision. We describe the statistical properties of the periodic revision of our variables of interest, by applying our analyses to an important database, recalling the historical evolution according to an old and a new classifications. We are exerted then in a third and last part, to be able to predict the regular process of revision, for exploiting these results in the improvement of the quality of short-term forecasts
Gouider, Abdessalem. "La discrimination par genre sur le marché du travail : fondements théoriques et application au marché du travail tunisien." Paris 13, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA131021.
Full textArbod, Guillaume. "La croissance économique des pays pétroliers." Dijon, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007DIJOE004.
Full textThe literature tries to apprehend the weakness of the economic growth of oil countries by the assumption of ousted growth factors. In the Dutch Disease models the non-oil exporting sector would be ousted whereas in the analyses in terms of economic policies it would be the effective economic policies. We consider the phenomenon through the growth theories, the oil incomes being regarded as an additional exogenous income for the economy. In this manner the growth dynamic of oil countries, even the most unfavourable, can be modelled without utilizing any concept of economic inefficiency. The last part of our work is devoted to the Saudi economy. After having developed a macroeconometric model, and using scenarios of oil prices, we lead a forecasted analysis of this economy
Poncet, Anthony. "Fiabilité expérimentale : dimensionnement optimal d'essais sous contraintes : modélisation des facteurs endommageant le composant et intégration dans le dimensionnement de l'essai. Application à l'automobile." Saint-Etienne, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005STET4016.
Full textIn industry and in particular in automotive industry, it is important to contain engineering and manufacturing costs of products. However, it is also prejudicial not to contain reliability. Calculation of reliability and more precisely the link between field reliability and reliability in tests require new methods to take in account environmental factors during reliability test in order to validate a component. The developed method allows to have a representation of the damaging factors influences, with a proportional hazard model, in order to size an optimal validation test. The prior knowledge (expert judgments, passed tests,. . . ) is used to estimate these influences
Minegishi, Shotaro. "Performance et fiabilité dans les délais de livraison de produits industriels assemblés : application à l'industrie automobile." Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003ECAP0904.
Full textSimon, Rodrigue. "Dynamique des flux commerciaux dans le secteur des oeufs de table et analyse des effets de la libéralisation des échanges." Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/28746/28746.pdf.
Full textToumia, Abderraouf. "L'impact des indicateurs macroéconomiques et microéconomiques sur les cours des actions : cas du marché financier tunisien de 1998-2007." Lyon 3, 2009. https://scd-resnum.univ-lyon3.fr/in/theses/2009_in_toumia_a.pdf.
Full textFourty years after the introduction of the theory of the APT by Ross S. (1976, 1977), the issue relating to the determination of the influential factors on the variability of stocks returns remains relevant. The problem of the interaction (the disconnection) between the real sphere and the financial sphere fed the academic debate for a long time. It gave consequently to a theoretical and empirical literature economic extremely abundant explaining the behavior of the confirmed money markets. Our research seeks to determine which of macroeconomic and microeconomic variables have a significant relation with the evolution of the stock prices on an emergent market. We will try to see whether the economic agents are determined with regard to the information published by the company or with regard to the economic situation or both at the same time. Our empirical study is realized on the Tunis stock exchange for the period between 1997 and 2007 by using the events studies for the microeconomic variables. For macroeconomic indicators we will use cointegration test and Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) to encircle dynamics of court and long term
Hernandez, Lauriane. "Prévision du chiffre d'affaires pour l'implantation d'un hypermarché : comparaison de deux méthodes." Montpellier 2, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991MON20229.
Full textDenguir-Rekik, Afef. "Un cadre possibiliste pour l’aide à la décision multicritère et multi-acteurs : application au marketing et au benchmarking de sites e-commerce." Chambéry, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007CHAMS003.
Full textThis thesis is situated within the framework of a multi criteria and multi-actors decision making process. It concerns the management of certain aspects of the uncertainty inherent to the multi criteria evaluation in such a process. We propose a modelling and a mathematical formalization of this process via a possibilistic representation of the evaluations. We also suggested characterizing the possibility distributions relative to the evaluations of the various criteria by a set of description indicators such as the imprecision, the divergence, etc. , so allowing an easier quantitative interpretation for the decision-maker. We considered aggregation operators of the family of the Choquet integral to propagate the distributions relative to criteria evaluations as well as the description indicators of distribution, because of their capacity to take into account interactions between criteria while keeping a character of "generalized" average easily understandable by the decision-maker. Concerning the propagation of indicators, we established two key theorems, the one concerning the union of the superior and lower values of the mean interval of a possibility distribution and the other one the mean imprecision of a possibility distribution. Besides, the concept of explanation of the decision particularly constituted the kernel of our model of decision making process. So from the established theorems, we proposed explanation features based on a quantification of the contribution of decision-making indicators of the criteria evaluations to the global evaluation. We so showed that each indicator concerning the global evaluation distribution is simply written as a weighted sum of criteria contributions. As application software, we were interested in the formalization of the process of management of customers' satisfaction measures in the context of the e-recommendation for the e-commerce. We presented a method of multi criteria valuation of the e-commerce sites by Internet users' community which allows at the same moment to take into account the relative importance of the evaluation criteria and the interactions between these, but also to manage various aspects of the uncertainty inherent to this process of evaluation. We developed a software prototype serving as decision support system. This system named "Feedback Based Recommendation System" (FBRS) allows to supply the managers of an e-commerce site, in particular the marketing and benchmarking teams, elements which allow them to understand the scores which were attributed to their site during the evaluation by the customers. We showed how it is then possible to identify the most decisive criteria in this evaluation and how to use this contributions analysis in the monitoring and management of the performances by the marketing and benchmarking managers. These features are a working base for them to improve the existing strategies
Gara, Florence. "Détérminants et conséquences de l'investissement direct : vers une approche macro-sectorielle." Paris 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA010034.
Full textWe propose a direct investment approach in which macro-economic consequences are taken into account. After having defined the foreign setting up in terms of strategic entry or delocalization, we test on french data whether direct investment and trade are substitute or complememt. Our results show that strategic entry is generally the aim of direct investment but we find that direct investment is more often complementary to trade, which is opposite to the traditional results of industrial international economic models. In such a way, we develop a simultaneous pluri-markets supply model where direct investment and exportation become two complementary means of supply, as long as exportation is more profitable from the foreing market than from the home market. This direct investment meaning leads to acknowledge that the multinational firm is favoured with regard to its home and foreign competitors. We generalize this "specific advantage" as a technological gap leaded and maintained by research and development expenditures, then we theorically and empirically modelize it as a patent race. Since we explained direct investment factors and its relation with international trade, we use the Hermes-France macro-econometric model to modelize and quantify its macro-economic consequences. We also test the impact of an employers charges decrease on the delocalization behaviour
Feillet, Dominique. "Problèmes de tournées avec gains : étude et application au transport inter-usines." Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001ECAP0705.
Full textMonroy, Ata Arcadio. "Installation de plantes pérennes de la zone aride soumises à des contraintes hydriques contrôlées et à des coupes." Montpellier 2, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989MON20025.
Full textDjebbari, Fanny. "Une analyse microéconomique des effets de l'information et de la notoriété dans le commerce électronique en présence de comparateurs de prix." Caen, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005CAEN0626.
Full textVergnaud, Eric. "Structure et exploitation d'un modèle macroéconomique trimestriel." Paris 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA010027.
Full textJourdan, Philippe. "Valeur d'information de la marque : modélisation de l'effet du produit et de la publicité." Grenoble 2, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999GRE21104.
Full textThis doctoral research studies the impact of the brand on consumer behavior. The thesis puts forward an explanatory conceptual model of the value of the brand information and looks to respond to two questions that have scarcely been touched on. Firstly, we examine the impact of the brand both on the evaluation of the perceived attributes and on the overall preference, depending on whether products belong to search or experience categories. Secondly, we analyze the impact of the advertising in the increase of the value of the brand information, distinguishing between emotional and informational advertisements. The results of two experiments prove that the product category and the type of advertising do have an effect on brand equity as does the interaction of the two factors
Jouini, Nizar. "Impact of service trade liberalization for developing countries : Evidence form Tunisia." Thesis, Tours, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014TOUR1006/document.
Full textThis dissertation focuses on the effects of trade service liberalization in Tunisia. Using a DGSE model, the first chapter studies the overall effect of service liberalization on economic growth while considering the non-tariff barriers preventing investors to access this market. The second chapter analyzes the particular case of the banking sector liberalization by estimating its effect on capital accumulation. In particular, it suggests that increasing bank competition via liberalization is benefitting to the Tunisian banking sector up to a doubling of its capital accumulation. The third chapter shall estimate the direct and indirect effect of air transport liberalization on tourist flows in the southern Mediterranean countries. The agreements signed by these countries will be considered as well as those signed between third countries. In particular, when these third countries have transit airports through which pass tourists to visit Mediterrenean countries, liberalization can also be beneficial to the latter. For this purpose we have collected an original database to account for all of these agreements. Our results show that the liberalization of the service sector in Tunisia has a positive effect and depends mainly on the performance of the goods sector as well as the value of non-tariff barriers, evaluated at 37% of total of production. Morever, the liberalization of the Tunisian banking sector has a positive impact on capital accumulation running up to about 200 % of the current accumulation. Finally, the study of air transport liberalization on tourism shows that there is an increase in tourist flows using direct and indirect routes. The direct effect (following one unit increase of the liberalization index) increases the tourist flows by 3 to 4 percent, while the indirect effect is between 2 and 3 percent
Ben, Othman Mouna. "Effets macroéconomiques des systèmes de retraite : simulations de réformes pour la Tunisie." Thesis, Nice, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015NICE0027/document.
Full textThe aim of this thesis is to contribute to the social security reform debate which is becoming an up-to-date concern with an aging population context. In this research, we analyze the impact of the macroeconomic and welfare effects of the pay-as-you-go system and of its reform especially during the transition. In this perspective we developed an overlapping generation model based on a general equilibrium framework. Our model takes into account the evolution of the Tunisian demographic structure. Results from simulations suggest that a social security reform combining a decrease in the replacement rate, an increase in the contribution rate and a five year increase in the retirement age have positive financial effects. However, it has negative effects on savings and on capital stock in the economy. According to our model, a fully funded pillar introduction, keeping total contribution rate constant, has a positive impact on macroeconomic variables. Nevertheless, this reform hurts the transitional generations welfare. Using these results, we propose a two-step reform of the Tunisian retirement system which introduces a fully funded pillar. This reform proposal can insure financial equilibrium of the retirement system until 2040
Sangare, Fassory. "Les conflits commerciaux et l'organisation mondiale du commerce : l'apport de l'analyse multi disciplinaires." Paris 13, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA131003.
Full textThe globalisation is based up on the development of world’s exchange, foreign direct investments, financial development and intensive utilisation from news technologies of information and communication. Nevertheless, it is provoking international trade conflicts: banana conflict, steal conflict, antidumping measures, subsides. This research uses many methodologies in order to know the origins of trade wars, then to discuss the judicial solutions chosen by World Trade Organization for toning down the rise of commercial conflicts. Games theory (prisoner’s dilemma) appears like an appropriate tool for explaining trade wars particularly when States use commercial strategic policy and protectionism’s measures. We also used an econometrics model (VAR MODEL) for an assessment: it reveals that trade wars infer negative impacts on United States economy. World Trade Organization disputes settlement mechanism is so efficient than the old GATT’s procedure. Equally, States must negotiate during the conflict in order to find a good agreement. This solution corresponds to Nash equilibrium. When the power of negotiation is the same, two big countries can take mutually retaliation measures before to conclude an agreement. But poor’s countries should build a coalition for defending their interests
Darmon, Eric. "TIC, comportements d'agents et organisation des marchés : une contribution théorique." Nice, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005NICE0045.
Full textIn this dissertation, we ask how Information and Communication Technologies change the organization and performances of markets for commodities and services. To analyze this impact, we develop three theoretical models. The two first models are concerned with final markets. In the first model, we study the coordination process between a traditional and an electronic market subject to a double differentiation (search costs, uncertainty on traded qualities). In the second model, we analyze the characteristics of the prices posted and accepted on an electronic market on which buyers use intermediaries to implement their search process. In the third model, we turn to technological markets, and investigate how the use of Internet may change the search process by which firms look for firms which hold complementary assets and competencies
Guirat, Noomen. "Evaluation des impacts du trafic automobile sur l'atmosphère : application au centre-ville de Tunis." Littoral, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007DUNK0181.
Full textPollution generated by urban traffic is a serious problem of our cities. Started from the general link between economy and environment, we are more particularly interested by externalities and by the various methods to evaluate these externalities. Then, we particularize the comment in the concrete case of the nuisances of the urban road transport by focusing on emissions of pollution gases. We present then the methods of economic evaluations of these externalities of the transport. We show then, by an experience in the city of Tunis, how the models for the static traffic assignement can be used to calculate these gases emissions. These models also allow to calculate the congestion of the network. The idea is widened to establish the complex link between congestion on the one hand, and environment and living environment on the other hand. Finally, we end the comment by giving some perspectives on the alternatives in fossil fuels for the propulsion of the engines of the cars by indicating, for every solution, its consequences on the environment, mainly in emission of atmospheric pollutants
Hervé, Karine. "Une nouvelle approche du taux de change d'équilibre à partir des équations du commerce extérieur : une application aux grands pays industrialisés et aux nouveaux états membres de l'Union européenne." Paris 13, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA131022.
Full textThe purpose of this PhD thesis is to estimate the equilibrium exchange rates for the major industrialised countries (the United States, the euro area, Japan and the United Kingdom) and the new Member States of the European Union (EU). Drawing on a critical analysis of the literature on equilibrium exchange rates, we focus on the approach based on trade equations and enrich it. The contribution of the thesis is both empirical and methodological. First, we develop a computation method that aims to adhere to the bilateral exchange rate constraint and minimise the gap between the target rates set ex ante and those observed ex post. Second, we estimate external trade elasticities that take due account of the long-term country asymmetries and of the specificities of the aggregated euro area. Third, we analyse and quantify the impact of current account balances on equilibrium exchange rates, using an application on the new EU Member States. We derive from this computation an analysis that highlights the large misalignments experienced by the nominal exchange rates of major currencies, which reflect the magnitude of the current account imbalances in these economies. The huge current account deficit of the United States has resulted in particular in a high overvaluation of the dollar. As far as the new EU Member States are concerned, the risks stemming from a rapid integration in the euro area should be highlighted. It seems therefore all the more appropriate that these countries keep some leeway with respect to their fiscal and current imbalances, given their huge financing needs
Cissé, Mohamed. "Modèles mathématiques et algorithmes pour la résolution du problème de tournées du personnel de soins à domicile." Thesis, Tours, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOUR4010/document.
Full textThe home care is a growing sector. Many questions research problems exist. We can identify at strategic level the districting problem ; at tactical level, the resource dimensioning problem ; and operational level, the operation assignment and the home care routing and scheduling problem. This thesis focuses on the last one. For this purpose, we propose a state of the art, a generic model and two solutions methods hybrid genetic algorithm and a decomposition
Soltani, Mohamed Nader. "L'importance du capital humain en tant que déterminant des investissements directs étrangers : cas du secteur textile-habillement en Tunisie." Thesis, Montpellier 3, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011MON30106/document.
Full textAttracting Foreign Direct Investrnents (FDI) is one of the primary concerns of the public authorities on account of their positive effects on a given territory. In order to activate investments, those countries have adopted several measures such as investment in human capital. This doctoral thesis analyses the importance of the human capital as a determinant of the Foreign Direct Investments. A survey was led with a sample of 52 companies with foreign participation implanted in Tunisia. By means of an economic model of type logit, the data that have arisen from that survey allow us to estimate the probability of the realization of a foreign investment in the form of creation of a new subsidiary in order to identify the factors of attractiveness that have a qualitative dimension. The results show that - except the geographical nearness of the countries of the European Union, a good market and the presence of a local network, the decision to establish a new subsidiary is connected positively and significantly to the availability of a qualified workforce
Soudani, Mohamed. "Conceptions et obstacles dans l'enseignement-apprentissage de l'oxydoréduction : contribution à une épistémologie appliquée à la construction curriculaire." Montpellier 2, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998MON20097.
Full textEggrickx, Ariel. "La contrôlabilité des organisations publiques politiques : le cas des Chambres de Commerce et d'Industrie." Montpellier 2, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998MON20174.
Full textBen, Hadj Fredj Mejdi. "Les déterminants macro-économiques et financiers de l'efficience bancaire de pays émergents : cas de la Tunisie." Thesis, Tours, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TOUR1005.
Full textOur objective of this work is to study the efficiency of the Tunisian financial market before and after the Jasmin revolution of 2011 and identify macro-economic and financial factors that influence the efficiency score of this market. Our methodology is to use at first multivariate GARCH model to estimate the correlation between market returns and those of individual banks and the Beta coefficient. As this model assumes the residues that follow the multivariate normal law is untested in practice, we used in a second step the copula theory to provide more flexibility in modeling multivariate data. The most influential factors are determined using the linear regression model, the panel data model and TOBIT model. The empirical results show that the Tunisian market is not efficient either before or after the revolution. Many actions are proposed to improve the degree of efficiency of this market
Pautrel, Xavier. "Biens d'équipement, progrès technique et croissance : théorie et application dans les économies semi-industrialisées." Paris 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA010019.
Full textThis thesis studies the specificity of technical progress in semi-indutrialized countries (South-East Asia and Latin America), and the role of equipment goods in their technological development. The purpose of the innovation process in semi-indutrialized countries is to solve problems in the manufacturing sector. Therefore, this sector is the central one, and relationships between manufacturing sector and research sector is the base of the dynamics of technical progress. Equipment goods, by their use in the manufacturing sector, create new knowledge about the manufacturing process, and therefore, through relationships between manufacturing sector and research sector, favour innovation activities and growth. The learning arising from the use of equipement goods also favours the acquisition of technical skill. This human capital accumulation from training on the job changes the agents' decision for schooling. Therefore, economies with low rate of enrollement may experience high rates of growth, because agents prefer to accumulate hman capital in training on the job, rather schooling. In semi-industrialized countries, knowledge is rival, therefore technical diffusion is made mainly through imports of equipements. The more produce are foreign equipments, related to domestic equipements, the higher are benefits from those imports. So, it is better to import equipements from economies with a high technical gap related to the domestic economy. Nevertheless, if the domestic economy has not enough human capital, positive effects due to equipements imports are offseted by negative ones due to the cost of adapting foreign equipements to local condition of production. So, trade policy must be accompanied by a domestic technological development in order to imports of equipement goods are positive for growth
Tannier, Cécile. "Les localisations commerciales de détail en milieu urbain : mieux connaitre par la modélisation pour mieux aménager : réalisation d'un modèle d'évaluation de l'attractivité des agrégats commerciaux d'une ville pour différents types d'établissements commerciaux de détail." Besançon, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000BESA1010.
Full textYapaudjian-Thibaut, Anne. "Commerce Nord-Sud et inégalités : une évaluation en équilibre général calculable." Pau, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PAUU2002.
Full textIn the industrialised countries, in the 1980s, the rise in wage inequality and unemployment takes place in a context of intensified competition and development of trade flows. The objective of thesis is to examine the linkage between globalisation and labour market. Within the framework of North-South relations, we will focus more precisely on the distributive conflict generated by an exogenous trade policy. The first part of the thesis exposes the main theoretical and empirical lessons on the impact of trade openness under perfect competition hypothesis. Then, we develop an applied general equilibrium model with a multi-region and multi-sector specification, to assess the impact of North-South Trade on earnings distribution in industrialised countries. Simulations show that the ongoing North-South globalisation does not generate necessarily a net loss for unskilled labour. In the second part, the research work is devoted to an analysis of the effect of North-South trade with imperfections in both goods and labour markets. We show that imperfections in goods market do not lead to reconsider fundamentally the trade impact. Nevertheless, the employment and wage adjustments, generated by globalisation, are closely linked through labour market paradigms