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Hadwan, Morshed Kaid Ali. "Lighting design for complex obstructed industrial and commercial interiors." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.425443.
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Skinner, David. "Forecasting models of activity in industrial and commercial building." Thesis, University of Salford, 1999. http://usir.salford.ac.uk/26916/.
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Despite its importance in national income, the level of activity in the construction sector has received little attention in the economics literature. The lack of studies attempting to forecast construction activity is surprising given that its volatility is often regarded as destabilising to the economy. Here, we model an important and growing component of construction, namely private industrial and commercial building. Construction activity is typically measured by output. To the extent that new construction output represents capital formation, output can be modelled as an investment problem. The theoretical investment literature is disparate and confusing but here, the leading models are presented in a unified framework in which the similarities and differences between them can be easily identified. We then go on to estimate a number of the models empirically. Some are econometric models consistent with traditional theories of investment. Others are based on vector autoregression (VAR) analysis which provides a largely statistical representation of a set of variables with minimum use of a priori restrictions but in which long-run relationships are preserved. The data required for model estimation is considerable and complicated by the effects of investment incentives embodied in the tax system. The forecasting performance of all the models is evaluated against forecasts generated by a benchmark model suggested by the data rather than by economic theory. In terms of forecasting performance, some of the investment models considered here are shown to be superior to the benchmark model.
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Akpeji, Kingsley Oladipo. "Cost of Electricity Interruption to Commercial and Industrial End-Users." Master's thesis, Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/31310.
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The question ‘what is the cost of electricity interruptions?’ is fraught with lots of complexities as electricity interruption is not a tradable commodity. A closely associated question is ‘from whose perspective should this cost be assessed – the electric utility or its customers?’ Extant research has shown that the primal focus should be on the electricity customer as the electric utility’s revenue loss after an electricity interruption event is significantly less than customers’ interruption cost (CIC). Existing methods of assessing the cost of electricity interruptions are not always consistent, because analysts make different assumptions, primarily in the incorporation of key parameters of electricity interruptions and customer characteristics in their analyses. However, one thing is important: the chosen assessment method should suit the decision-making context in which the cost data will be applied. In this dissertation, both micro- and macro-level approaches were applied to the assessment of the cost of electricity interruptions to commercial and industrial electricity customers. However, the central investigation is the micro-level assessment of the direct financial cost of electricity interruptions to suit value-based reliability planning and power system operations management. The cost assessment was done from the business customer’s viewpoint via a firm-level survey of commercial and manufacturing businesses in Cape Town. Three CIC models were developed from an analysis of the survey data viz. a time-invariant average interruption cost (TIAIC) model, a time-varying average interruption cost (TVAIC) model, and a time-varying probabilistic interruption cost (TVPIC) model. All three models were applied in an assessment of reliability worth indices for a case study distribution system to demonstrate the practical application of the cost data. The results showed that the TVPIC model is more effective for describing CIC as it accounts for the time-dependencies and uncertainty in CIC estimates. The TVPIC allows for an evaluation of the impact of different confidence levels in decision-making. Reliability worth indices like ECOST derived based on the TVPIC can be expressed as Rands@Risk in different season-time windows. This allows for optimal implementation of contingency measures like load shedding or reliability improvement programs like switch/disconnect placement on distribution feeders. An exploratory macroeconomic analysis was also done using an input-output (IO) model that allowed the investigation of the effect of the removal of the electricity sector from intersectoral interactions in South Africa’s economy. Based on the model’s framework and assumptions, the potential economy-wide cost of a day-long blackout was estimated to be approximately R2.2 billion. Compared to estimates of the economic cost of past load shedding events, this figure seemed to be a very optimistic estimate and a potential lower bound of a day-long blackout in South Africa. Also, the relationship between the firm-level survey and the macroeconomic IO approaches to estimating the cost of electricity interruptions was assessed via a case study of the weekly cost of load shedding to South Africa’s trade and manufacturing sectors. The ensuing discussions show that caution must be exercised in quoting blanket figures of the cost of load shedding to the South African economy without appropriate description of the basis for estimation.
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Velek, Thomas G. "Industrial and commercial efficiency : the role, reform, and development of Scottish technical and commercial education, 1895-1914." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/21586.
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The focus of this work is the response and role of the Scotch Education Department in this restructuring and reorientating of education in Scotland. The work concentrates on two areas of education: technical and commercial education. Terminology is expanded to include the SED's overall policies toward what it considered the country's "commercial and industrial classes". However, the work does not analyse elementary education. Chapter One puts the questions into a historical context. It looks at the question of efficiency in education to meet the needs of a changing nation, international competition, and a variety of perceived inadequacies in the education system of Scotland. Larger issues of SED policy such as 'system building', raising levels of attendance, the introduction of certificates, and legislation are surveyed in Chapter Two. Even here the focus remains on related areas such as the Higher Grade Schools and Supplementary Courses which were meant to widen the educational scope of the class under discussion. In contrast, those issues of education that primarily related to university bound students, or those seeking a career in one of the old professions are omitted. Chapters Three and Four provide a wide analysis of the issues surrounding commercial and technical education in Scotland. Once again the focus is on SED policy and involvement. Therefore, the introduction and eventual failure of Leaving Certificates in Commercial and Technical studies receive primary attention. Other issues such as the development, or lack thereof, in non-state schools is not covered. In both cases the wider debate and environment that effected commercial and technical studies is discussed in an effort to put SED policy in perspective. Chapter Five examines continuation education, and the problems of creating a truly national system up until the monumental Educational (Scotland) Act of 1908. Chapter Six analyses the provisions of the Act as they related to Continuation Classes, and then the impact the legislation had on the developing, and blossoming system of Continuation Classes. In the case of Continuation Classes the focus is on the role of the SED. However, though the SED was often the catalyst of change and provided direction, much of continuation education policy was left in the hands of individual school boards. This included compulsory attendance and the provision of trade classes. Therefore, where appropriate local examples are included.
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Kamala, Paschal. "Industrial relations law in Tanzania : past experience and prospects under the new labour legislation." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/4641.
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Includes bibliographical references (leaves 77-79).This paper deals with how Tanzania Mainland industiral relations have evolved during the said different periods since independence up to now. The main focus will be to discuss the current legislation and how it seeks to improve industrial relations as compared to its predecessors. Also it will discuss in a nutshell whether the new legislation has met the International Law Organisation (ILO) standards. It further discusses the challenges facing Tanzania and its working class in the globalised labour market.
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Linehan, Denis John. "Commercial geographies : industrialisation, landscape and economy in inter-war Britain." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.339640.
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Bergström, Johan. "CFD for mixing efficiency in commercial and industrial advanced air oxidation." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för kemi, bioteknologi och hälsa (CBH), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-233760.
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Ozone treatment of pollutants in air is a relatively young technology with limited literature available. To the authors knowledge no literature discussing simulations of commercial ozone treatment without UV-lamps in gas phase has been published up to this point.The purpose of this project was to identify issues and propose recommendations related to the distribution of ozone in industrial ducting and the injection of ozone into commercial ducting. The injection rate of the ozone mixture is small relative to the flow of the treated air stream. In such cases ozone is easily swept away and confined to a limited section of the ducts, affecting overall efficiency. The injection inlet and ducting were simulated together in both 2D and 3D environments using COMSOL Multi-physics with CFD, CAD and transport of diluted species modules.Improving mixing in industrial ducting was simple in comparison to the commercial ducting where the flow is complex. For the commercial application simulations showed that the mixing efficiency varies greatly between injection positions. Based on CFD data in the commercial ducting two models for injection point analysis were developed.2D and 3D simulations showed different result for injections inside the main duct, the 3D case could properly simulate rotating flows inside the main duct which makes certain injection points in the main duct more effective that predicted in 2D.This master thesis project was done in cooperation between Royal Institute of Technology and Ozonetech in Sweden.
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Therdthai, Nantawan, University of Western Sydney, of Science Technology and Environment College, and of Science Food and Horticulture School. "Modelling and optimisation of an industrial bread baking oven." THESIS_CSTE_SFH_Therdthai_N.xml, 2003. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/545.
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In bread-making, the baking process is one of the key steps to produce the final product quality attributes including texture, color and flavor, as a result of several thermal reactions such as non-enzymatic browning reaction, starch gelatinisation and protein denaturation. These thermal reactions are dominated by heat and mass transfer mechanisms inside an oven chamber as well as inside the dough pieces. In this study, an industrial baking process was divided into 4 zones. Experiments were conducted, and mathematical models were developed to account for the heat and mass contribution as well as their consequent impacts on the product qualities. Monitoring systems were developed and installed inside an industrial oven to evaluate oven performance, including temperature profile and airflow pattern. Many other tests and experiments were conducted and results given in some detail. To deal with the complexity of a continuous baking process, a three dimensional transient-state CFD model with moving grids was established to account for the effect of oven load on heat transfer in the oven chamber. The dynamic response of the travelling tin temperature profiles could be predicted in accordance with a change in the oven load. The modelled tin temperature profiles showed a good agreement with the measured tin temperature profiles from the actual industrial baking process. Finally, the three-dimensional CFD model could provide guidance in manipulating the oven condition to achieve the optimum temperature profile in the industrial travelling-tray baking oven.Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
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Wong, Kwok-kee Wilfred. "In search of an optimum set of commercial conditions for use in the purchase of industrial equipment /." [Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong], 1985. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B12316635.
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Brown, David R. "Three essays in industrial organization : alliances, mergers, and pricing in commercial aviation." Diss., Manhattan, Kan. : Kansas State University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/3751.
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Loock, Morne. "The risk of borrowed capital for commercial, industrial and residential property developments." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/18288.
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Most property development firms who invest in property will need to raise some extra financial support. Unforeseen or unexpected expenses can arise at any point in time during the development process. Calculated decisions should be taken with regards to the financial circumstances for any property development project. Decisions should be taken not only for the present but for the future as well. It is therefore important to understand the market and the current economic conditions before applying for capital to fund a property development project. There several types of finance available to fund property development, these include long term borrowing, short term borrowing, construction loans property development investment trust, second mortgages. There is risk to all of the aforementioned finance available.
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Liu, Yuwei, Quan Yuan, Guotao Xu, and Sujia Liu. "Strategic plan for the Industrial & Commercial Bank of China (ICBC) Peru." Master's thesis, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12404/14743.
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The purpose of this thesis is to present a Strategic Plan for the Industrial & Commercial
Bank of China (ICBC) Peru, with a vision for 2030, when the bank should become a
preferred, profitable, secure, and innovative financial institution with a focus on bilateral
business between Peru and China. D’Alessio’s (2008), The Sequential Model of the Strategic
Process, was adopted for the planning; ICBC Peru’s public reports and interviews to its
employees have been used to acquire relevant information. Firstly, ICBC Peru’s vision,
mission, and so on, are defined and then, the external and internal conditions are analysed.
Opportunities, threats, strengths, and weaknesses are then identified through Tridimensional,
Porter’s Diamond, PESTE, Five-Forces, AMOFHIT, and so on, and have been used in
SWOT to generate twelve strategies, from which eight are retained through SPACE, BCG,
IE, and GS analysis. The vision is then divided into actionable long-term objectives to
combine with the 5 strategies to generate short-term objectives and their respective
conditions, such as organizational structures, policies, evaluation tools for the implementation
and revision.
The main findings for ICBC Peru in this thesis are: the main opportunities, externally,
are the likely future growth of Peru’s GDP, internal demand, and investment; and the main
threats are corruption, governmental administrative capacity, and natural disasters; internally,
the main strength is the group support; and the main weaknesses are the small equity and lack
of effective localization. The eight retained strategies need to solve this external and internal
situation by means of: diversification (retail banking & tailored services), market penetration
(more marketing), alliance with local banks (localization), and product development
(Fintechs introduction).El propósito de esta tesis es presentar un Plan Estratégico para el Banco Industrial y Comercial de China [ICBC] Perú, con una visión para el 2030, año en el cual el Banco ha de convertirse en una institución financiera preferida, rentable, segura e innovadora con un enfoque en negocios bilaterales entre Perú y China. Se adoptó el modelo secuencial del proceso estratégico para la planificación propuesto por D’Alessio (2008). Con la finalidad de adquirir información relevante se utilizó los informes públicos y las entrevistas a los empleados de ICBC Perú. La visión, misión de ICBC Perú fueron definidas primero para pasar al análisis de las condiciones externas e internas. Las oportunidades, amenazas, fortalezas y debilidades se identificaron a través del Diamante Tridimensional de Porter: PESTE, Five-Forces; y se utilizó el AMOFHIT para generar doce estrategias, de las cuales ocho se conservan a través de SPACE, BCG, IE , y análisis de GS. Luego, la visión se divide en objetivos a largo plazo para combinarlos con las cinco estrategias para generar objetivos a corto plazo y sus condiciones correspondientes, como estructuras organizativas, políticas, herramientas de evaluación para la implementación y revisión. Los principales hallazgos de ICBC Perú en esta tesis son: externamente, las oportunidades principales son el probable crecimiento futuro del PIB, la demanda interna y la inversión de Perú; y las principales amenazas son la corrupción, la capacidad administrativa del gobierno y los desastres naturales; internamente, la principal fortaleza es el apoyo grupal; y las principales debilidades son su escasa equidad y la falta de una localización efectiva. Las ocho estrategias retenidas buscan resolver esta situación externa e interna a través de: la diversificación (banca minorista y servicios personalizados), penetración en el mercado (más mercadeo), alianza con bancos locales (localización), y el desarrollo de productos (introducción de Fintech).
Tesis
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Mustonen, E. (Erno). "Creation of the common commercial product portfolio by the cluster of companies." Master's thesis, University of Oulu, 2017. http://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:oulu-201703151357.
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Abstract Technological development and growing customer requirements set new standards for development in steel manufacturing. Large steel manufacturers cannot respond to rapid development by themselves, thus creating a need for cooperation with SMEs. Individual SME companies, instead, face challenges in visibility and find it difficult to approach large steel companies. A solution to this problem could be commercial cooperation. Investigating seven steel industry SME suppliers in Oulu area, this study aims to develop their commercial cooperation through a common commercial product portfolio. The study is based on three research questions: 1. How can a cluster company’s commercial product portfolio be presented? 2. What are the current commercial product portfolios of the case companies? 3. How can multiple companies’ commercial product portfolios be presented as a common product portfolio to promote their sales and customer value? This study exploits literature related to products, product portfolio management, business networks, co-marketing and steel manufacturing. The study describes the case companies’ product portfolios by using the techniques of product portfolio management. The current commercial product portfolios offered by these companies to steel industry are Refractory materials and components, Blast-cleaning robots, Advanced control systems for high temperature processes, Water and waste treatment solutions, Monitoring and quality assessment devices, Service and foundry technologies, and Detmaster optical quality assurance solutions. The portfolios provide hardware (HW), software (SW) and service products to the following steelmaking process stages: mining, melting and casting, cold rolling, hot rolling, and further processing. Based on the products in these portfolios three primary customer needs are revealed: energy efficiency, high-quality steelmaking and eco-efficiency. After analysing and comparing the case companies’ current commercial product portfolios, this study constructs a common commercial product portfolio. Four commercial solution level product portfolios based on customer needs are created as a result. The portfolios with their respective customer needs are: Refractory Solutions (energy efficiency), Steel Quality Control Solutions (high-quality steelmaking), Sustainable Value Recovery Solutions (eco-efficiency), and Surface Treatment Solutions (high-quality steelmaking). Products in these portfolios, except for the latter one, are offered as services to minimize the customer’s financial investment, thus making the portfolios more attractive to the customer. Additional indications are found, supporting the previous research and literature. The product portfolio created in this study can be used to develop the case companies’ commercial cooperation and value for customers. In addition, this study provides managerial measures to be executed for the cooperation. Finally, topics for further research are proposedTiivistelmä Teknologian kehittyminen ja yhä tiukemmat asiakasvaatimukset asettavat terästeollisuudelle kehitystarpeita. Suuret teräksenvalmistajat eivät pysty yksinään pysymään kehityksen tahdissa, joten yhteistyötä PK-yritysten kanssa tarvitaan. Yksittäisten PK-yritysten haasteena sen sijaan on ollut, että niiden on vaikea erottua muista toimijoista ja saada suurten yritysten huomio. Tätä ongelmaa PK-yritykset voivat lähestyä tekemällä kaupallista yhteistyötä keskenään. Tämän tutkimuksen tavoitteena on kehittää seitsemän Oulun alueelle sijoittuneen terästeollisuuden tuotannon kehitystarpeisiin ratkaisuja tuottavien PK-yritysten kaupallista yhteistyötä yhteisen kaupallisen tuoteportfolion muodostamisen kautta. Tutkimus lähestyy ongelmaa kolmen tutkimuskysymyksen avulla: 1. Miten yksittäisen klusteriyrityksen tuoteportfolio voidaan esittää? 2. Millaiset ovat yritysten nykyiset kaupalliset tuoteportfoliot? 3. Miten useamman yrityksen kaupalliset tuoteportfoliot voidaan yhdistää yhteiseksi kaupalliseksi tuoteportfolioksi yritysten liiketoiminnan kehittämiseksi ja asiakasarvon lisäämiseksi? Tutkimus hyödyntää tuotteeseen, tuoteportfolion hallintaan, yritysverkostoihin, yhteismarkkinointiin ja terästeollisuuteen liittyvää aikaisempaa tutkimusta ja kirjallisuutta. Tutkimus avaa mukana olevien yksittäisten yritysten tuotetarjoamat, kaupalliset tuoteportfoliot, tuoteportfolion hallinnan keinoin. Yritysten nykyiset terästeollisuuteen tarjoamat kaupalliset tuoteportfoliot ovat: Refractory materials and components, Blast-cleaning robots, Advanced control systems for high temperature processes, Water and waste treatment solutions, Monitoring and quality assessment devices, Service and foundry technologies ja Detmaster optical quality assurance solutions. Portfoliot tarjoavat fyysisiä tuotteita, ohjelmistoja ja palveluita seuraaviin teräksenvalmistuksen prosessivaiheisiin: louhinta, sulatus ja valu, kuumavalssaus, kylmävalssaus ja jatkokäsittely. Portfolioiden sisältämät tuotteet vastaavat johonkin kolmesta asiakastarpeesta: energiatehokkuus, korkealaatuinen teräksenvalmistus ja ekotehokkuus. Tutkimus analysoi ja vertaa yritysten nykyisiä kaupallisia tuoteportfolioita toisiinsa ja luo mallin yhteisestä tuoteportfoliosta. Tuloksena syntyy neljä ratkaisutason tuoteportfoliota. Portfoliot ja niiden perustana olevat asiakastarpeet ovat: Refractory Solutions (energiatehokkuus), Steel Quality Control Solutions (korkealaatuinen teräksenvalmistus), Sustainable Value Recovery Solutions (ekotehokkuus) ja Surface Treatment Solutions (korkealaatuinen teräksenvalmistus). Kaikki portfolioiden tuotteet tarjotaan asiakkaille palvelutuotteina viimeistä portfoliota lukuun ottamatta. Palvelutuotteina tarjoamisen tarkoituksena on tehdä portfolioista houkuttelevampia asiakkaan silmissä asiakkaan investointitarpeen pienentyessä. Tutkimuksen aikana löytyy viitteitä, jotka tukevat aiempaa kirjallisuutta. Tutkimuksessa mukana olevat yritykset voivat hyödyntää tässä tutkimuksessa luotua yhteisen tuoteportfolion mallia oman kaupallisen yhteistyönsä ja asiakasarvon kehittämisessä. Lisäksi tutkimus esittää toimenpiteitä yritysyhteistyön jatkokehitykselle. Lopuksi tutkimus tarjoaa aiheita tieteelliselle jatkotutkimukselle
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Zhang, Zhenyu. "An economic interpretation of construction procurement behaviour for the commercial and industrial buildings." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.396205.
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Jansen, van Rensburg Charmaine. "Online marketing of commercial and industrial properties and services in a small business." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1020988.
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In view of the factors influencing and the steps in the design of a Website, building a successful Website will vary from business to business. This study investigates what is required from a small commercial and industrial property and services business to take their business online and create an effective Website. The environment of the property market reflected the role that government plays in the property industry and also the role of the private sector. Marketing in the real estate context indicated that if real estate agents have access to the right type of information, not only can they add value to their own organizations, but they can also capitalize on the same information to create added value for their clients. The elements of the marketing management process include four steps, namely to gather information, to set marketing goals and plan strategy, to organize and implement marketing strategy and to control the marketing activities. Marketing in the online environment showed that the Marketing Mix includes personalisation, privacy, customer services, community, site, security and sales promotion. The principles of online marketing revealed the important role of the customer and customer relationships. An investigation into the difference between e-commerce and online marketing made it clear that online marketing is one component of e-commerce. This study critically analysed the available literature in order to suggest a proposed framework of what should be included in the Website of a small commercial and industrial property and services business. In order to successfully research online marketing of commercial and industrial properties and services in a small business, a basic but thorough understanding of online marketing principles and Website content are important. In this study a qualitative research approach was followed where secondary sources were critically evaluated to design the required framework. Thereafter three Websites of marketing of commercial and industrial properties and services were content analysed to see whether anything else should be added to the framework. This would assist in taking a small business in commercial and industrial properties and services online. The framework suggests that the Website homepage content should include: Business overview/information Products/services What’s new Search Employment opportunities Interactive feedback Customer service/ assistance Index/directory Financial facts Links to other sites Online business services/utilities Guest book Frequently Asked Questions Messages from CEO A purposeful sample of three Websites was then content analysed so as to provide the information necessary to reach the objectives of the study. The following Websites were included in the content analysis: Broll, which operates as a national agency with international associations. The firm renders services (Estate Agency) and does not own property. Bruce McWilliams Industries Pty Ltd is operative in Port Elizabeth, Uitenhage and surrounds. It is a family business that owns property, which it develops and markets itself. Seeff is a national agency. It renders services (estate agency) and does not own property. Lastly, a narrative of a small commercial and industrial property and services business was created by means of document analysis of a specific business. The researcher was allowed to study the documents and diaries of the business in order to provide a narrative for this business. This narrative can be used as part of the envisaged Website for the business.
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Bennett, Matt. "Auditing energy utilisation in conurbations." Thesis, Cranfield University, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.341048.
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Eriksson, Maria. "Creating customer value in commercial experiences." Licentiate thesis, Sundsvall : Mid Sweden University, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-10599.
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黃國基 and Kwok-kee Wilfred Wong. "In search of an optimum set of commercial conditions for use in the purchase of industrial equipment." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1985. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31263471.
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To, Kai-cheung Manawadu Ranjith Wijechandra. "Planning for commercial facilities in an industrial area : a case study in Fo Tan industrial area (FTIA) Sha Tin, Hong Kong /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1992. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B14804657.
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To, Kai-cheung, Ranjith Wijechandra Manawadu, and 杜啓祥. "Planning for commercial facilities in an industrial area : a case study in Fo Tan industrial area (FTIA) Sha Tin, Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1992. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31258438.
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Grigelis, Peter Edward. "The Effects of Environmental Contamination on Commercial and Industrial Property Values: Do Perceptions Matter?" unrestricted, 2005. http://etd.gsu.edu/theses/available/etd-08022005-190040/.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Georgia State University, 2005.Laura O. Taylor, committee chair; Keith R. Ihlanfeldt, David L. Sjoquist , Mary Beth Walker, committee members. Electronic text (342 p. : ill.) : digital, PDF file. Description based on contents viewed Aug. 15, 2007. Includes bibliographical references (p. 335-341).
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Mohammadi, Houshang C. "Short-circuit current calculations and protective relay coordination for industrial and commercial power systems." Ohio : Ohio University, 1986. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou1183141301.
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McGuire, Ruth A. (Ruth Anne) Carleton University Dissertation Geography. "Solid waste diversion requirements and opportunities for industrial, commercial, and institutional facilities in Ontario." Ottawa, 1996.
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Mohammadi, Houshang. "Short-circuit current calculations and protective relay coordination for industrial and commercial power systems." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 1986. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1183141301.
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Dzobo, Oliver. "Reliability cost and worth assessment of industrial and commercial electricity consumers in Cape Town." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/10335.
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Includes bibliographical references (leaves 104-107).A good understanding of the financial value that electricity customers place on power supply reliability and the underlying factors that give rise to higher and lower values is an essential tool in the designing, planning and operating standards of power system networks. This research study is a first step toward addressing the current absence of consistent data needed to support better estimates of the economic value of power supply reliability. The economic value of power supply reliability is usually measured through power interruption costs faced by electricity customers. The aim of this research study was to develop Customer Interruption Cost (CIC) models for both commercial and industrial customers.
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James, Evidence. "A critical analysis of the implications of the fourth industrial revolution on tax regulation: relevance of the robot tax debate in South Africa from a developing country perspective." Master's thesis, Faculty of Law, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/33724.
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The world is experiencing a paradigm shift exhibited by the unprecedented convergence of the biological, physical, and technological environments. This paradigm shift, occasioned by the Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR), is transforming the way of life, work, business, the law, and government policy across the world. The introduction of 4IR technologies such as robotization and Artificial Intelligence is threatening massive labour displacements and resultant significant erosion of the tax base. With the full extent of the 4IR yet to obtain scholars, international organisations such as the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), World Economic Forum (WEF) and governments have initiated policy inquiries and debates to respond to the looming threats and to maximise on opportunities presented by the 4IR. This research falls within the broader context and out of similar concerns to the OECD Base Erosion and Profit Shifting project (BEPs) and as expressed under Action 1 which deals with the taxation of the digital economy. Amongst the proposals to respond to robotization threats to the tax base is the imposition of a robot tax. Therefore, the robot tax debate is the foci of this research. So far, the robot tax debate has been restricted to developed countries and now slowly gaining momentum in developing countries. The South African president, Cyril Ramaphosa constituted the Commission on the Fourth Industrial Revolution in 2019 in response to the dawning realities of the 4IR. The commission is tasked with the mammoth task of deciphering the 4IR and diagnosing its impact across various sectors in South Africa and to report its findings and recommendations. The establishment of the commission on 4IR underscores the imperativeness of this study whose crux is to explore the relevance of the robot tax debate in the South African context representative of developing countries. This is in cognisance of the struggle against inequality, rising unemployment, a broadening budget deficit, stagnant economic growth, and declining revenue collections against a growing demand for free education and social security. Using a doctrinal approach, this research finds that the robot tax debate is not only relevant but imperative in developing countries and that the socioeconomic circumstances present in these countries aggravate the negative impact of 4IR.
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Hua, Dong. "Nordea Bank versus Industrial and Commercial Bank of China : A comparison of internet banking adopting." Thesis, University of Gävle, Department of Business and Economic Studies, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-6514.
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Banking can be viewed as one of the most traditional and sophisticated sectors in the economy and business markets. However, over the past decades, developments in technology has been changing dramatically the way that retail banks conduct their business and this change has also been accelerated due to the introduction and evolution of internet banking. The aim of this thesis is to get a better understanding about what factors are important to have impact on the internet banking implementing.
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Al, Safadi Abdul Rahim. "The decline of public industrial and commercial monopolies in the modern state : a comparative analysis." Thesis, University of Exeter, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.303320.
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Bhattarai, Charan Raj. "The effect of adoption of commercial business practices on social enterprise performance : an empirical study from the UK." Thesis, University of Essex, 2018. http://repository.essex.ac.uk/21741/.
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Drawing on the resource-based view, dynamic capability perspective, and resource dependency theory, and utilizing a sample of 164 UK social enterprises, this dissertation investigates the effects of adoption of commercial business practices on social enterprise performance. The adoption of commercial business practices refers to the adoption of market orientation, learning orientation, market disruptiveness capability, new product development capability, and ‘trade vs. grant dependency’. The dissertation comprises three independent but interrelated empirical essays. The first essay (Chapter 2) analyzed individual and combined (interaction) effects of market orientation and market disruptiveness capability on social enterprise performance. The study shows that market orientation improves both the economic and social performance whereas market disruptiveness capability improves only the economic performance of social enterprises. However, interestingly, the study demonstrates that the interaction effect of market orientation and market disruptiveness capability is negative on economic performance but positive on social performance. Similarly, the second essay (Chapter 3) analyzed how learning orientation and new product development capability influences the economic and social performance of social enterprise. The essay shows that learning orientation improves new product development capability and, thereby, the economic and social performance of social enterprises. Likewise, the third essay (Chapter 4) investigated how ‘trade vs. grant dependency’ influences social enterprise performance. It was found that trade dependency is better than grant dependency for social enterprises to improve their social performance. However, contrastingly, it was found that the adoption of trade dependency over grant dependency has no significant effect on their economic performance. Nevertheless, the study shows that the adoption of trade dependency over grant dependency is better for social enterprises to improve their learning orientation and thereby both economic and social performance. In sum, this dissertation has made a strong case for why social enterprises should adopt commercial business practices.
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Coetzee, Gerhardt. "Evaluation of commercial enzymes for the bioprocessing of Rooibos tea." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/50343.
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Thesis (MSc) -- University of Stellenbosch, 2005.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The Rooibos tea plant (Aspalathus linearis) is indigenous to South Africa and occurs only in the Western Cape's Cedarberg region. Rooibos tea is produced from the leaves and fine stems of the plant. The tea is normally prepared by brewing the leaves and consuming the liquor. However, the Rooibos plant is not only used to prepare tea; the plant extracts are also used in various neutraceutical and pharmaceutical products, including health drinks, iced tea, soaps and moisturising creams. Although the tea plant contains native enzymes responsible for the colour and aroma development of Rooibos tea, the disruption and maceration of the plant material during processing is insufficient to allow these enzymes proper access to the substrates responsible for Rooibos tea's characteristics. The current processing of Rooibos tea is also time consuming and is done under uncontrolled conditions, leading to unnecessary loss in aroma and antioxidant content. The addition of enzymes could improve the maceration of the plant material, shorten the processing time and improve the extraction of aroma, colour and antioxidant components. During this study, 16 commercially available microbial enzymes were evaluated on three different Rooibos substrates for the improvement of aroma and colour development, as well as the extraction of soluble solids (SS) and total polyphenols (TP). Thirteen enzymes were evaluated on spent tea for the enhanced extraction of soluble solids and to determine the best candidates for further evaluation on fermented and green Rooibos tea. Seven of the enzymes improved the yield in SS from spent tea. Up to 232% improvement was obtained, depending on the type of enzyme and dosage applied. The best six enzyme preparations were further evaluated on fermented Rooibos tea. For Depol™ 670L at 20 ul/g tea, the laboratory treatment increased the yield in SS by 44%, while small-scale industrial simulations increased the SS by 26%. However, an increase in the yield in SS was usually accompanied by a decrease in the %TP/SS ratio, indicating that mainly inactive compounds were extracted. Based on the results with the commercial enzymes, twelve "synthetic" enzyme cocktails, consisting of different combinations of commercial enzymes were designed, of which three cocktails released increased amounts of SS without decreasing the %TP/SS ratio significantly. Thirteen enzymes were evaluated on dried and freshly cut green Rooibos tea, with three enzymes (Depol™ 670L, Pectinex Ultra SP-L and Depol™ 692L) increasing the yield in SS between 21% and 66%, and the TP content between 11% and 47%. Laccase was the best candidate in improving colour development from green tea, with the improvement being slightly better at 50°C than at 40°C. All the "synthetic" cocktails containing laccase improved the colour extract of all three substrates evaluated, but also significantly decreased the TP and antioxidant content. However, lower dosages of laccase resulted in colour development with little loss in the antioxidant content. Due to the promising results obtained with the treatments of Rooibos tea with laccases, it was decided to clone and express the laccase gene (lacA) of Pleurotus ostreatus into Aspergillus niger. The gene was successfully transformed into A. niger, but the expression of the recombinant gene was not effective.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die Rooibostee plant (Aspalathus linearisi is inheems tot Suid-Afrika en kom slegs in die Sederberg-omgewing in die Wes-Kaap voor. Rooibostee word van die blare en fyn stingels van die plant geproduseer. Die tee word normaalweg voorberei deur die blare in kookwater te laat trek en dan die aftreksel te drink. Die Rooibos plant word nie net gebruik om tee te maak nie; die tee ekstrak word ook gebruik vir verskeie neutraseutiese en farmaseutiese produkte, insluitende gesondheidsdrankies, ystee, seep en bevogtigingsrome. Ten spyte daarvan dat die teeplant sy eie ensieme vir die kleur en aroma ontwikkeling van Rooibostee bevat, is die verbreking en maserasie van die plantmateriaal tydens prosessering onvoldoende om die ensieme genoeg toe gang tot die substrate verantwoordelik vir die kenmerkende eienskappe van Rooibostee te gee. Die huidige prosessering van Rooibostee is ook tydrowend en geskied onder onbeheerde toestande, wat tot 'n onnodige verlies in aroma en antioksidante lei. Die toevoeging van ensieme kan die afbraak van die plantmateriaal verbeter, die behandelingsproses verkort en die aroma, kleur en antioksidant inhoud van ekstrakte verbeter. Tydens hierdie studie is 16 kommersieel-beskikbare mikrobiese ensieme op drie verskillende Rooibos substrate vir die verbetering van aroma, kleur en ekstraksie van oplosbare vastestowwe (SS) en totale polifenole (TP) getoets. Dertien ensieme is op oorskot tee vir die verbeterde ekstraksie van oplosbare vastestowwe geevalueer, waama die beste kandidate vir evaluering op gefermenteerde en ongefermenteeede Rooibostee gekies is. Sewe ensieme het die SS vanaf oorskot tee verhoog. Tot 232% verhoging is waargeneem, afhangende van die tipe ensiem en die dosis wat gebruik is. Die beste ensiern preparate IS verder op gefermenteerde Rooibostee geevalueer, Labarotoriurn behandelings met Depol™ 670L teen 20 ul/g tee het die SS inhoud met 44% verhoog, terwyl die kleinskaalse industriele simulasie die SS inhoud met 26% verhoog het. 'n Verhoging in SS het egter gewoonlik met 'n afname in die %TP/SS verhouding gepaard gegaan, wat aandui dat hoofsaaklik onaktiewe stowwe vrygestel IS. Na aanleiding van die resultate met die kommersiele ensieme, is twaalf "sintetiese" ensiemmengsels met verskillende ensiemkombinasies getoets, waarvan drie mengsels ook meer SS vrygestel het met byna geen verlaging in die %TP/SS verhouding nie. Dertien ensieme was op gedroogde en vars gekerfde groen Rooibostee getoets met drie ensieme (Depol™ 670L, Pectinex Ultra SP-L en Depol™ 692L) wat die SS met tussen 21% en 66%, en die TP inhoud met tussen 11% en 47% verhoog het. Lakkase was die beste kandidaat vir die verbetering van kleur ontwikkeling by groen Rooibostee met die verbetering effens beter by 50°C as by 40°C. Al die "sintetiese" ensiem mengsels wat lakkase bevat het, het die kleur by al die verskillende substrate verbeter, maar het ook die TP en antioksidant inhoud aansienlik verlaag. Laer lakkase dosisse het goeie kleurontwikkeling tot gevolg gehad met minimale verlies in die antioksidant inhoud. Vanwee die goeie resultate wat met die lakkase behandelings verkry is, is daar besluit om die lakkase geen (lacA) van Pleurotus ostreatus te kloneer en in Aspergillus niger uit te druk. Die geen is suksesvol in A. niger getransformeer, maar die uitdrukking daarvan was nie effektief nie.
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Kameshki, Mohamed Saleh. "The assessment of commercial industrial projects in developing countries : an empirical investigation into the Bahraini experience." Thesis, Loughborough University, 1990. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/14100.
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This research is based on empirical investigations into commercial industrial projects in a small developing economy (Bahrain). Commercial industrial projects are defined as those industrial projects which have commercial profitability as their main objective. The investigation covers how these projects were set up (i.e. appraisal techniques used), which elements have a strong impact on their performance, and which of these elements differentiate between successful and unsuccessful projects. It also examines which elements (controllable or environmental) have been perceived to have stronger impact on new product outcome, and which of these elements are perceived to differentiate between new product success and failure. The literature review showed that numerous attempts have been made, over the past few decades, to develop project appraisal techniques in developing countries where resources are identified as being scarce. Such techniques have been mainly undertaken in the field of economic development with objectives of a socioeconomic nature. Objectives of a commercial nature are not taken into consideration as a main criterion for deciding whether or not to go ahead with the project.
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McKeller, Michelle Leigh. "CORBA: A Quantitative and Qualitative Comparison of Industrial Strength, Commercial CORBA ORBs for the JAVA Platform." UNF Digital Commons, 2001. http://digitalcommons.unf.edu/etd/323.
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In distributed systems design, middleware is a key component. Middleware establishes the communication between a client and server in a multi-tiered architecture. One approach to middleware is implementing the OMG's CORBA standard, through the use of ORBs. Three of the more popular commercially available ORBs are Sun's Java 2 ORB, Borland's VisiBroker for Java, and IONA's Orbix 2000 for Java. The purpose of this graduate project was to compare the three ORBs both quantitatively and qualitatively. The project compares the ORBs quantitatively by measuring the performance of each ORB, in terms of response time. The comparison was done qualitatively by looking at the services each ORB provides, the level of ease of implementing a simple, client-server application in each ORBs' syntax, the time taken to develop each application, difficulties encountered, and the stability of each ORB when tested. The results of the project should prove to be useful for distributed systems designers, and for researchers studying middleware products. In addition, each of the applications created for the project can be re-used for any future performance or load testing of the ORBs one might want to conduct.
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Wong, Yiu-ming. "Biofouling treatment of seawater cooling systems in Hong Kong." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 1998. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B42574778.
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Piques, Stéphane. "La céramique dans le territoire industriel de Martres-Tolosane depuis le XVIe siècle." Thesis, Toulouse 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012TOU20088.
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Le territoire industriel dont Martres-Tolosane est devenu le centre éponyme a une histoire ancienne. L’origine de la production céramique moderne est italienne et remonte au XVIe siècle. Peut-être attirés par les seigneurs locaux, les premiers potiers qui s’installent à Plagne, village proche de Martres, profitent de la présence de marnes calcaires et de forêts abondantes. Dès 1737, des faïenciers, principalement issus de Nevers, arrivent dans les nouvelles manufactures de faïence de Marignac-Laspeyres, Martres-Tolosane et Terrebasse. Après la Révolution, un « Système Productif et Commercial Localisé » se met en place. La pluri-activité des paysans-ouvriers est au cœur de ce système soutenu par une population en forte croissance et par la modicité des capitaux initiaux nécessaires. Des fermes-ateliers et des petites fabriques se créées sur une vingtaine de communes autour de Martres et commercent jusqu’à l’international. Cette réussite repose aussi sur la politique sociale des élites de Martres qui, en assurant une redistribution des revenus communaux, atténuent les effets de la prolétarisation, maintient des salaires bas et perpétuent la société rurale ancienne. La dépopulation de la seconde moitié du XIXe siècle touche l’activité qui se rétracte et ne résiste qu’en s’adaptant à la demande en faïence traditionnelle. Les faïenciers copient les motifs des centres français réputés, stratégie de niche qui leur permet de fournir en faïence-cadeaux durant le XXe siècle, les principales régions touristiques. En parallèle, la faïence s’ancre dans le territoire et devient un « produit de terroir » que la crise des années 1970 et les changements de mode semblent condamnerThe industrial area of which Martres-Tolosane has become the eponymous center has a long history. The origin of modern ceramic production is Italian and goes back to the XVIth century. Maybe attracted by the local Lords, the first potters who settle in Plagne, a village near Martres, take advantage of the presence of calcareous clay and plentiful forests. As early as 1737, earthenware makers, mainly from Nevers, arrive in the new earthenware factories created locally. After the French Revolution, a "Productive and Commercial Localised System” is set up. The various activities of the peasant workers are at the heart of this system, supported by a fast growing population and by the small amount of initial capital necessary. Farm-workshops and small factories are established in about twenty communities around Martres and they trade even on the international level. This success is also supported by the social action of the elites of Martres who, by assuring a redistribution of the municipal income, alleviate the effects of the proletarisation, maintain low salaries and perpetuate the old rural society. The depopulation of the second half of the XIXth century affects the activity which retracts and survives only by adapting to the demand for traditional earthenware. Earthenware makers copy the motives of renowned French centers, a niche strategy which allows them to supply the main tourist regions with earthenware gifts during the XXth century. At the same time), earthenware takes root in the area and becomes a “product of the land” that the crisis of the 1970s and the changes of fashion seem to condemn
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Kumru, Utku. "Essays on multinational firms strategic trade policy, exporting, and productivity /." Connect to Electronic Thesis (CONTENTdm), 2008. http://worldcat.org/oclc/454163224/viewonline.
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Ibn, Jurays Ghaythān ibn ʿAlī. "The social, industrial and commercial history of the Hejaz under the early 'cAbbasids, 132-232/749-847." Thesis, University of Manchester, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.329725.
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Yates, Barrett Elizabeth. "Country regulation of large scale commercial and industrial real estate development in the southwest : is it effective?" Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/37450.
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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Architecture, 2006.This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Includes bibliographical references (leaf 45).
Real estate developers and county officials were surveyed to determine the existence, content and accessibility of county regulatory guidelines for land use and real estate development projects in the southwestern US. Further, the developers and county officials were interviewed to understand the relationship between the quality of the regulatory guidelines and the associated process, and the quality of real estate development in the specified counties. The results from the survey and interview processes were analyzed to assess the efficacy of the county regulatory process for large scale commercial and industrial real estate development. In most counties where the surveys were conducted, guidelines covering zoning and zoning related processes, planning, public works and transportation did exist but their currency and relevancy was questionable. All county regulatory bodies surveyed were in the process of updating the guidelines to make them current, clear and comprehensive for the existing communities, many of which were experiencing rapid population growth. County officials and developers agreed that quality of regulation significantly affects the quality of real estate development, thus impacting future economic development.
(cont.) This thesis recommends updating guidelines to focus on certain key aspects for each guideline area studied: zoning and zoning related processes, planning, public works and transportation. Further, this thesis recommends bifurcating the guidelines and approval processes for large developments which can dramatically impact infrastructure, transportation and community sustainability versus small developments which may have a negligible impact on these areas. Additionally, this thesis contemplates the establishment of regional bodies to oversee certain aspects of land use planning unifying neighboring areas and reducing duplication of planning efforts in adjacent counties.
by Barrett Elizabeth Yates.
S.M.
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Smith, Paul. "Commercial leisure in Halifax 1750-1950. The development of commercialized leisure provision in a northern industrial town." Thesis, University of Bradford, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/5375.
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This thesis investigates the development of commercial leisure in a northern community, Halifax, over a period of 200 years. It examines a range of leisure pursuits including the public house, theatre and sports and traces their development during a period of population growth and industrialization which came to be based increasingly around the factory. It analyses whether Halifax was typical in the way commercial leisure developed or whether particular local conditions influenced the development of commercial leisure. During the period, Halifax, an ancient town, developed from an important centre of the textile trade in England into a classic Victorian mill town supporting a broad base of industries. Leisure developed from a leisure culture based around traditional holidays and pastimes to a highly commercialized leisure experience increasingly provided by regional and national companies and a sporting calendar that included structured leagues with professional clubs and games played seasonally.
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Terry, Clinton W. "The Most Commercial of People: Cincinnati, the Civil War, and the Rise of Industrial Capitalism, 1861-1865." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2002. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1021389093.
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Andersson, Patrick, and Alexander Brewer. "Analysis of the Commercial Launch Industry : Determining Competitiveness using Porter’s Five Forces Framework." Thesis, Jönköping University, IHH, Nationalekonomi, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-52879.
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This thesis aims to analyze the rules of competition of the commercial launch industry between the years 2010-2020 to better understand the market and gain strategic insights for market share captivation or profitability. The industry is analyzed quantitively within the theoretical framework of Porter's five competitive forces. By the means of a Pooled OLS model, we conduct a regression analysis with five industry proxies that closely relate to Porter’s five forces to explain competition in the industry. The results provided us with enough evidence that quantitively applying Porter’s five forces with industry specific proxies leads us to a better understanding of competition in the commercial launch industry. Furthermore, the analysis reveals that the strongest competitive force is the threat of buyers. While the threat of competitive rivalry, power of suppliers and new entrants are relatively weak but highly significant, the threat of substitutes is of very low significance to affect market competition. The result of the analysis is then used as a tool to provide strategic insights for industry actors for optimal positioning in the market. Finally, we present some suggestions for future research on the subject, as well as other industry analysis using the theoretical framework.
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Faria, Francisco. "Análise dos sistemas construtivos portugueses." Master's thesis, Instituições portuguesas -- UP-Universidade do Porto -- -Faculdade de Engenharia, 1996. http://dited.bn.pt:80/30232.
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Huang, Guannan. "Evaluation of airborne particle emissions from commercial products containing carbon nanotubes." Thesis, University of Iowa, 2012. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/2899.
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In this study, we developed and standardized a sanding method to evaluate the emission of airborne particles from products that contain carbon nanotubes (CNTs) under different conditions, including three types of sandpaper and three sanding disc speed. We also characterized the emission of the airborne particles from one neat epoxy test sample, four CNTs-incorporating test samples with different CNTs loading, and two commercial products. The total number concentration, respirable mass concentration, and particle size number/mass distribution of the emitted particles were calculated and compared, followed by an electron microscopy (EM) analysis. These data suggest that the sanding process can produce substantial quantities of airborne particles. Also, the emission of airborne particles was associated with different test conditions. EM analysis of the airborne particle samples showed embedded CNTs protruding from the outer surface, which was different from CNTs-incorporating bulk material. Our study suggests a potential generation of particles during the life cycle event of sanding. Further studies should be carried out to investigate the potential human health hazard in other life cycle events.
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Stevenson, Norman. "A better world by design? : an investigation into industrial design consultants undertaking responsible design within their commercial remits." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2013. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/12543.
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Growing recognition of the profound topics affecting society; including population changes, social issues, and environmental crisis; is emphasising the need for industrial designers to address additional goals beyond those associated with purely commercial targets. Industrial design consultants, however, have a myriad of complex and inter-related elements influencing their work. This thesis investigates those influences and offers a portrayal of what affects industrial design consultants addressing more responsible design goals within their commercial remits. It reviews the literature relating to the nature and role of industrial design, and its relationship with society s larger needs. From this, it expounds the methodology underpinning the investigation, and describes the phases involved. Two main studies were undertaken to pursue the research objectives: an explorative workshop involving 19 participants from design practice and academia; and a series of semi-structured in-depth interviews involving a total of 31 industrial design consultants, leading academics, and design-related strategic consultants. From the analysis of the data, three sets of key observations and theory are presented in the thesis. The first set of findings examines the range of influencing factors acting on the consultant and their work by depicting the characteristics of the main elements constructing the product creation context. The second and principal set of findings identifies what determines the possibility for consultants to incorporate responsible design goals within their work. Using a framework derived from the analysis, and drawing on interview data for empirical backing, it expands on six key areas, identifying a critical determining factor for each. The third set of outcomes combines the findings from the primary data with existing knowledge on design actions and behavioural theory, to depict the formation of an industrial design consultant s behaviour and their tendencies towards responsible design. In this way, the research offers a thorough investigation of what affects industrial design consultants addressing more responsible design goals, by considering the characteristics of their circumstances; the determination of their possibility to act; and what shapes their individual behaviour.
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Lucena, Josete Marinho de. "A Palm In Many Terms: The Terminology Of The Agroextrativista, Industrial And Commercial Culture Of The Coconut BabaÃu." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2008. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=3070.
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FundaÃÃo de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do CearÃCoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior
O presente trabalho de tese consiste em uma proposta para a elaboraÃÃo de um glossÃrio socioterminolÃgico das atividades profissionais relacionadas ao coco de babaÃu, a saber: o extrativismo, industrializaÃÃo e comercializaÃÃo. Trata-se de um trabalho de cunho lingÃÃstico, que busca aprimorar as concepÃÃes nas Teorias comunicativas da Terminologia, admitindo, portanto, a existÃncia da homonÃmia, polissemia e variaÃÃo nos termos de um universo discursivo. Observam-se as variaÃÃes diatÃcnica, diafÃsica, diastrÃtica e diatÃpica pelos quais pode passar este domÃnio discursivo. Para a realizaÃÃo da pesquisa, utiliza-se corpora escrito e oral, levantados no MaranhÃo e no Tocantins e nos processos manual e industrial. Portanto, o trabalho tem a base teÃrico-metodolÃgica da Socioterminologia, fundamentada por FranÃois Gaudin e Enilde Faulstich, passando pelos embasamentos da Lexicologia e Terminologia, bem como a perspectiva de criaÃÃo neolÃgica concernente a lÃnguas de especialidades. Por tratar-se de um trabalho de cunho onomasiolÃgico e semasiolÃgico, o glossÃrio tanto encontra-se organizado em ordem alfabÃtica, como por campo conceitual, por isso a Ãrvore de domÃnio està colocada da seguinte forma: palha ,coco, Ãrvore, negociaÃÃo e trabalho, divididos ainda em subcampo
O presente trabalho de tese consiste em uma proposta para a elaboraÃÃo de um glossÃrio socioterminolÃgico das atividades profissionais relacionadas ao coco de babaÃu, a saber: o extrativismo, industrializaÃÃo e comercializaÃÃo. Trata-se de um trabalho de cunho lingÃÃstico, que busca aprimorar as concepÃÃes nas Teorias comunicativas da Terminologia, admitindo, portanto, a existÃncia da homonÃmia, polissemia e variaÃÃo nos termos de um universo discursivo. Observam-se as variaÃÃes diatÃcnica, diafÃsica, diastrÃtica e diatÃpica pelos quais pode passar este domÃnio discursivo. Para a realizaÃÃo da pesquisa, utiliza-se corpora escrito e oral, levantados no MaranhÃo e no Tocantins e nos processos manual e industrial. Portanto, o trabalho tem a base teÃrico-metodolÃgica da Socioterminologia, fundamentada por FranÃois Gaudin e Enilde Faulstich, passando pelos embasamentos da Lexicologia e Terminologia, bem como a perspectiva de criaÃÃo neolÃgica concernente a lÃnguas de especialidades. Por tratar-se de um trabalho de cunho onomasiolÃgico e semasiolÃgico, o glossÃrio tanto encontra-se organizado em ordem alfabÃtica, como por campo conceitual, por isso a Ãrvore de domÃnio està colocada da seguinte forma: palha ,coco, Ãrvore, negociaÃÃo e trabalho, divididos ainda em subcampo
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Ingelsson, Pernilla. "How to create a commercial experience focus on leadership, values and organizational culture /." Licentiate thesis, Sundsvall : Mid Sweden University, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-10598.
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Ferreira, Jacques. "Factors influencing the fermentation performance of commercial wine yeasts." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/16322.
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Thesis (MScAgric)--University of Stellenbosch, 2004.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The production of quality wine is influenced by numerous factors of which grape quality is one of the most important factors. The production of quality wine, however, is not possible without good winemaking techniques and effective quality control. Critical control points (CCP) during the winemaking process must be identified to ensure optimum wine quality. Grape must is a complex medium that contains different micro-organisms which can be either beneficial or negative to wine quality, depending on the physical and chemical conditions that prevail in the must. Yeasts are responsible for alcoholic fermentation, lactic acid bacteria (LAB) for malolactic fermentation (MLF) and acetic acid bacteria (AAB) for the production acetic acid from ethanol. Yeasts and certain LAB can also produce acetic acid and thereby increasing the volatile acidity (VA) of wine. These micro-organisms can influence each other in complex fashions by competing for growth nutrients and by producing inhibitory substances. Most winemakers nowadays use commercial yeast strains to inoculate wine fermentations. This, however, does not assure a problem-free fermentation and cases of stuck and sluggish fermentations are annually reported worldwide. In these or most cases fermentation takes longer than 21 days to complete and the wine contains a residual sugar concentration of more than 4 g/L, which can be utilised by wine spoilage micro-organisms such as certain bacteria and other wild yeasts. Stuck and sluggish fermentations also increase the chances of oxidation due to the absence of the protective CO2 layer on the surface of the wine, which is formed during alcoholic fermentation. Another effect of stuck and sluggish fermentations is that valuable tank space is wasted due to the unexpected time consumption of these fermentation problems. Many factors during the winemaking process can be responsible for stuck and sluggish fermentations. In this thesis the different factors is discussed with the emphasis on the effect of the yeast strain. The way that certain yeast strains influence AAB and LAB numbers during fermentation and MLF through the production of inhibiting by-products such as medium chain fatty acids has not been investigated in detail in the past. Certain fungicides and pesticides that are used in vineyards to control pests (e.g. mildew) contain copper which can be inhibiting to yeast growth and alcoholic fermentation. Legal limits and withholding periods on these sprays are not always strictly obeyed and can lead to stuck and sluggish fermentations. This motivated us to evaluate the growth and fermentation activities of a selection of commercial wine yeasts in the presence of copper levels in the range of maximum legal limits. The effect of these commercial strains on the LAB and AAB numbers during alcoholic fermentation and MLF were also investigated. Our results showed that there was no significant difference on numbers of the AAB obtained from fermentations inoculated with different commercial wine yeast strains. However, with regards to the LAB numbers, one of the strains produced significantly more sulphur dioxide (SO2), which led to the inhibition of MLF in that wine. Our results further indicated which commercial yeast strains were capable of effectively fermenting high sugar musts and which strains were less effective. From the strains tested VIN13, N96 & L2056 were able to utilize fructose more effectively than NT50, RJ11 & D80. We could further distinguish between yeast strains that produced the lowest (VIN13 & RJ11) and the highest (WE372, NT50 & L2056) VA concentrations in must containing high sugar levels. Strains that were more tolerant against high copper levels were also identified. We tested six yeast strains in must with added copper (0.25 mM cu2+) in the form of CuSO4 .H2O. Three Cu2+-tolerant (D80, Collection Cepage Cabernet & NT50) yeast strains were distinguished from three less Cu2+-tolerant yeast strains (VIN13, NT112 & RJ11). This study made a valuable contribution in knowledge gained about commercially available wine yeast strains that can ferment effectively under certain stress conditions. Research such as this, where wine yeasts are evaluated to ferment more effectively during strenuous winemaking conditions, will be very beneficial to winemakers.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die produksie van gehalte wyn word deur verskillende faktore beïnvloed waarvan druifkwaliteit seker die belangrikste is. Die produksie van gehalte wyn is egter nie moontlik sonder goeie wynmaaktegnieke en effektiewe kwaliteitsbeheer nie. Kritieke kontrole punte (KKP) tydens die wynmaakproses moet dus geïdentifiseer word om sodoende ‘n verlaging in wynkwaliteit te vermy. Druiwemos het ‘n komplekse mikrobiologiese samestelling en bestaan uit verskillende mikroörganismes wat vooren nadelig vir wynkwaliteit kan wees, afhangende van die fisiese en chemiese toestande wat in die mos bestaan. Giste is verantwoordelik vir alkoholiese fermentasie, melksuurbakterieë (MSB) vir appelmelksuurgisting (AMG) en asynsuurbakterieë (ASB) vir die produksie van asynsuur vanaf etanol. Asynsuur word egter ook deur giste en MSB geproduseer en dra so by tot die vlugtige suurheid (VS) van ‘n wyn. Hierdie mikroörganismes kan mekaar op komplekse wyses beïnvloed deur o.a. te kompeteer vir voedingstowwe asook deur die produksie van inhiberende verbindings. Die meeste wynmakers maak gebruik van kommersiële gisrasse om alkoholiese fermentasies mee uit te voer. Gevalle van sogenaamde slepende en gestaakte alkoholiese fermentasies, waar suiker nie volledig na etanol en CO2 omgeskakel word nie, kom egter nog gereeld in die wynbedryf voor. In sulke gevalle neem die fermentasie gewoonlik langer as 21 dae om te voltooi met ‘n suiker konsentrasie van meer as 4 g/L wat in die wyn oorbly. Dit is nadelig vir wynkwaliteit aangesien dit nie net die kanse vir bederf deur bakterieë en giste verhoog nie, maar ook die kanse vir oksidasie verhoog a.g.v. die verlies van die beskermende CO2 lagie bo-oor die wyn. Hoe sekere gisrasse, ASB en MSB getalle gedurende fermentasie en AMG beïnvloed deur die produksie van inhiberende verbindings soos medium ketting vetsure en SO2, is ook nie baie in die verlede ondersoek nie. Sommige spuitstowwe wat gebruik word in die bekamping van swamsiektes bevat koper wat inhiberend kan wees vir gisgroei en alkoholiese fermentasie. Wetlike maksimum limiete en onthoudingsperiodes op spuitstofresidue word egter nie altyd gehoorsaam nie en kan lei tot slepende en gestaakte fermentasies. Dit het ons gemotiveer om ‘n seleksie van kommersiële gisrasse te evalueer in terme van gisgroei en fermentasie in die teenwoordigheid van kopervlakke naby die maksimum limiet. Ons resultate het gewys dat daar nie noemenswaardige verskille in AAB getalle tydens alkoholiese fermentasie tussen behandelings met verskillende kommersiële gisrasse was nie. Een van die gisrasse het wel noemenswaardig meer SO2 geproduseer wat gelei het tot inhibering van AMG in hierdie wyn. Ons het verder uitgewys watter kommersiële gisrasse instaat is om meer effektief in hoër suiker mos te fermenteer en watter van die rasse minder suksesvol was. Ons het ook rasse geïdentifiseer wat meer weerstandbiedend is teen hoë kopervlakke in mos en sodoende groter kans op ‘n suksesvolle fermentasie sal hê in mos wat koperresidue bevat wat afkomstig is van sekere spuitstowwe. Die effek van die ASB en MSB getalle gedurende fermentasie en AMG is ook ondersoek. Ons resultate het verder gewys watter kommersiële gisrasse instaat was om mos met hoë suikervlakke meer effektief te fermenteer. Vam die gisrasse wat getoets was het VIN13, N96 & L2056 fruktose meer effektief benut as NT50, RJ11 & D80. Ons kon verder onderskei tussen gisrasse wat die laagste (VIN13 & RJ11) en die hoogste (WE372, NT50 & L2056) vlakke van VS produseer in mos met hoë inisiële suikervlakke. Gisrasse wat meer tolerant was teen koperresidue in mos is ook geidentifiseer. Ons het ses gisrasse getoets in mos met bygevoegde koper (0.25 mM Cu2+) in die vorm van CuSO4 .5H2O. Daar is onderskei tussen drie Cu2+-tolerante (D80, Collection Cepage Cabernet & NT50) en drie minder Cu2+-tolerante gisrasse (VIN13, NT112 & RJ11). Hierdie studie lewer ‘n waardevolle bydrae in die invordering van kennis oor kommersieel beskikbare wyngisrasse wat meer effektief sal fermenteer onder sekere streskondisies wat in mos voorkom. Inligting soos hierdie is belangrik om die wynmaker se keuse uit die reeks bestaande kommersiële gisrasse te vergemaklik.
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Ramesh, M. "The politics of industrial adjustment in Canada : the case of the footwear industry." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/29167.
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The purpose of this study is, first, to describe the Canadian government's policy for the domestic footwear industry during the 1970-1985 period, and second, to account for the forces that shaped it. The analysis is conducted within an "organizational" framework, which is based on the approach developed by Peter Hall. The framework postulates that the relationships within and among state, societal, and international political-economic institutions are the key determinants of economic policy.
The study argues that it is the conflicts within and among the state, manufacturing interests (business and labour in the footwear industry, and those in the supplying industries), and trading interests (importers and retailers dealing in footwear), conditioned by international political economy, that shaped the government's policy.
It is concluded that the state and manufacturing interests formed internally united organizations and pursued well defined objectives. The state's objective was to assist the industry through high tariffs and financial aid for modernization. In contrast, the manufacturing interests' objective was to secure quotas on imports. While the two sides were internally united, neither were sufficiently strong to impose their objectives on the other. The international political economy favoured the use of tariffs and financial assistance. At the same time, circumstances arose -- resulting from economic recession, appreciation of the Canadian dollar, and the threat of Quebec separatism--that made it difficult for the state to resist the manufacturing interests' demands. In such circumstances, the industry succeeded, if only temporarily, in securing quotas in addition to tariffs and financial assistance. The trading interests were somewhat divided among themselves, which restricted their capacity to participate effectively in the policy process. Their positions were relevant only to the extent they could be selectively used by the state to resist the manufacturing interests' demands.
A theme of major theoretical significance that emerges from this study is the importance of international political economy in the making of domestic policies. The second theoretical implication of the study is the need to view the state and societal actors in a policy process not just as players, but also as structures. They form an organized relationship, both within and in relation to each other, which facilitates the pursuit of some objectives and impedes the accomplishment of others.Arts, Faculty of
Political Science, Department of
Graduate
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Venkataraman, Anuratha. "Change management? : organisational change strategies and managers' and workers' responses : a case study of a commercial vehicle manufacturing plant in southern India." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2013. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/57770/.
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This thesis examines the conception, implementation and outcomes of corporate management change strategies through an ethnographic study of a commercial vehicle manufacturing plant in Southern India with a history of labour-management conflict. Participant observation and interviews were carried out mainly within one manufacturing facility between July 2008 and June 2009, with a further visit in 2011. Towards the end of my fieldwork I also interviewed trade union conveners, activists and a cross-section of workers. The change management programme at the case study firm sought to implement the precepts of lean manufacturing by removing systemic inefficiencies in inventory management and production processes and installing a new organisational culture that promoted greater participation and self-initiative among workers and managers. Investigating the reasons for this programme’s very partial success made it possible to understand better the contradictory pressures faced by corporate management, the challenges encountered by senior plant managers and the factors shaping the reception of management policies by middle managers and workers. The thesis furthers our understanding of the limits of managerial agency by integrating two largely independent strands of enquiry: the rich ethnographic studies of the labour process, by Delbridge [1998], Milkman [1997], Durand and Hatzfeld [2003] and others, that consider the implementation and denouement of Japanese modes of work organisation such as lean manufacturing, and the granular focus on managerial subjectivities that shape managerial activity and condition managerial agency, represented by the work of Watson [1994], Jackall [1988] and Dalton [1950]. In addition, it documents the importance of broader political-economic contexts in determining the outcomes of management initiatives.
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Bylander, Peder, and Didrik von Essen. "Preparation for Commercialisation of Industrial Innovations : An integrated technological and commercial evaluation of a water purification innovation in Singapore." Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Management and Economics, 2003. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-1811.
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The intention with this thesis is to examine the preparation for commercialisation of industrial innovations. Both in the industry and in the academic perspective there is a common need for support of the commercialisation process of innovations, especially concerning the preparation phase. A preparation model for commercialisation has consequently been designed. The propeller of commercialisation incorporates a perspective of parallel preparation concerning the three critical aspects technology characteristics, environment scanning and preparation of the venture. Generally the model can thus contribute with a structured way of evaluation and preparation and reduce the risks by limiting the budget needed in the early phase of commercialisation through the use of subsequent steps incorporating all three critical perspectives. To demonstrate the model and to provide a basis for evaluation, the Propeller of Commercialisation was applied on the specific commercialisation preparation of the SMB technology at Johnson Pacific Pte Ltd in Singapore.
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Trigui, Noureddine. "Design and implementation of a database for an integrated system for daily management in an industrial and commercial organization." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2004. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion/04Sep%5FTrigui.pdf.
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Thesis (M.S. in Software Engineering)--Naval Postgraduate School, Sept. 2004.Thesis Advisor(s): Man-Tak Shing, Doron Drusinsky. Includes bibliographical references (p. 127). Also available online.