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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Commercial architecture'
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1
Nivet, Soline Eleb Monique. "Architecture d'auteur versus produit commercial ?" Saint-Denis : Université de Paris 8, 2007. http://www.bu.univ-paris8.fr/web/collections/theses/nivet_soline.pdf.
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Paek, Seung-Han. "Korean Commercial Architecture: An Alternative Narrative of Modern Architecture." Cincinnati, Ohio : University of Cincinnati, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view.cgi?acc_num=ucin1218735985.
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Thesis (M.S.)--University of Cincinnati, 2008.Advisors: Nnamdi Elleh (Committee Chair), Patrick Snadon (Committee Member), Kimberly Paice (Committee Member). Title from electronic thesis title page (viewed Apr. 18, 2010). Includes abstract. Keywords: Korean Commercial Architecture; Alternative Narrative; Modern Architecture; Everyday Life; Modernity. Includes bibliographic references.
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Ferebee, Scott T. (Scott Thomas). "The commercial spaceport." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/63047.
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Thesis (M. Arch.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Architecture, 2011.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 5).
Space tourism is poised for dramatic growth in the coming decades, as an industry once considered the exclusive purview of the military-science elite ramps up to serve the interests of mass commerce. The cost to private citizens for a trip to space today is over twenty million dollars, which buys an extra seat on a ten-day maintenance mission to the International Space Station. The cost to private citizens in 2040 will be twenty thousand dollars, enough to purchase a seat on a purpose-built spaceplane and spend two weeks in an orbiting hotel. In this context, the commercial spaceport represents a new transportation typology. It must respond to the new technical demands of space travel, as well as acknowledge its cultural import as a gateway for millions of people to the last and greatest of frontiers. Here, the stakes are raised: not only is the commercial spaceport responsible for the education, training, and rehabilitation of passengers, but also for'wowing'them. Here, everyone gets their money's worth. The site is Las Vegas, that most renown of frontier artifices. From the nuclear weapons explosions visible for decades from the strip to the ethos of excess that subverts the diurnal cycle, Las Vegas has always been a testing ground. As a threshold to the fringe, the spaceport is a natural extension of this narrative.
by Scott T. Ferebee.
M.Arch.
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Didier, Christopher J. "A commercial architecture for satellite imagery." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2006. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion/06Sep%5FDidier.pdf.
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Thesis (M.S. in Space Systems Operations)--Naval Postgraduate School, September 2006.Thesis Advisor(s): Richard C. Olsen, Alan D. Scott. "September 2006." Includes bibliographical references (p. 85-87). Also available in print.
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McGrath, Christine L. (Christine Lynn). "Consolidated periphery : commercial and highway interchange." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/68778.
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Thesis (M. Arch.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Architecture, 1997.Includes bibliographical references (p. 117-122).
Highway expansion legislation has been a significant catalyst for suburban development. Initially funded for military mobilization in the 1930s , later massively extended in the 1950s, today's highway system, together with the service and information based economy of postindustrial development, have allowed for the dispersion of traditionally urban functions into continuously less urbanized peripheries. As the ambiguous zone between city and country is inhabited, suburbia emerges. Commercial, industrial and residential development take hold at new highway interchanges, bringing to suburbia the functions and amenities of a city, yet in a manner completely unique to its own position. In suburbia the landscape consists of sprawling fields of independent, privately-held capsules. "Centers " and "edges" are trivialized, if even discernible. Nondescript "architecture" is governed by economic and marketing strategies, subsidizing the making of space to the making of corporate identity. While the highway system itself i s enabled through massive public investment, its "archi tecture" -- the strip -- is entirely private in its motivation. This thesis proposes that the rational of the suburban strip landscape can be challenged through the insertion of generic private development into public infrastructure. Through the design of a commercial strip within a highway interchange it obviates tensions inherent in the suburban condition. The thesis implicates archi tecture as both a physical and conceptual mediator; it is the material interface between highway and town, and the ideological interface between public space and private enterprise.
Christine L. McGrath.
M.Arch.
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Errington, Roger E. (Roger Edmund). "Hedging risk in commercial real estate." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/65982.
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Murphy, Stephen J. (Steven Joseph). "Financing opportunities through property specific commercial mortgage securities." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/76002.
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Brown, Christopher Porter, and Timothy L. Brown. "Liquefying risk in the U.K. commercial real estate market." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/64894.
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Frederick, Thomas. "Examining decision making on OREO properties within commercial banks." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/66336.
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Wang, Xiaohu S. M. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. "Seasonality in commercial real estate transaction volume and capital returns." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/37448.
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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Architecture, 2006.This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Includes bibliographical references (leaf 39).
In this thesis I examine the existence of seasonality in quarterly transaction volume and capital returns in commercial real estate markets from 1984 to 2005, based on MIT's Transaction-Based Index. Evidence is provided that (1) transaction volume distributions in fourth quarter and capital returns distributions on all properties in third quarter have large means relative to the remaining three quarters; (2) there exists 4-quarter lagged systematic seasonality in capital returns on all properties, based on the results from an autocorrelation function.
by Xiaohu Wang.
S.M.
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Darling, Jacob A. 1976. "Governance issues and default resolution in commercial mortgage backed securities." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/26717.
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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Architecture, 2004.This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 59-60).
With the increasing role of CMBS in commercial real estate lending, it has become crucial to understand the agency and governance risks that are created with the CMBS servicing structure. This study is an investigation of three key relationships within CMBS servicing, (1) between the servicers and different investor classes, (2) between the master servicer and the real estate owner/borrower, and (3) between the special servicer and the real estate owner/borrower. Through interviews with industry professionals and careful reading of the documentation that drives CMBS governance structures, the study reveals several different conflicts of interest that could significantly impact both the cash flow available to various trust investors and the underlying value of the real estate asset securing the mortgage.
by Jacob A. Darling.
S.M.
12
Jenkins, Lloyd. "Geography and architecture : materiality and the Parisian commercial office building." Thesis, University of Wales Trinity Saint David, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.633112.
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Galbraith, Michael B. "The commercial architecture of A.M. Strauss in Fort Wayne, Indiana." Virtual Press, 2006. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1348351.
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This creative project presents an overview of the architectural styles and history of the surviving commercial architecture of A.M. Strauss in Fort Wayne, Indiana. He was the best known architect working in Fort Wayne during the period covered by this creative project, and his work is an excellent example of how national architectural trends affected architecture in Fort Wayne. His commercial architecture represents his best known and most significant work. He did far too many buildings to cover in a single thesis, and so his residential and institutional architecture in Fort Wayne remains for another study, as do his many works outside of Fort Wayne. This project also brings together in one treatment as much photographic, historical and architectural documentation of these buildings as possible — documentation now scattered across east central and northeast Indiana. It traces Strauss's stylistic changes from Spanish Eclecticism through Art Deco and Art Moderne to Modernism. The surviving buildings represent each of these styles and shifts in historical context.Department of Architecture
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Woudenberg, Elias Theun. "The application of commercial mortgage derivatives in Dutch institutional investment portfolios." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/70686.
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Perkins, John R. (John Richard). "Single property commercial mortgage-backed securities : an analysis of the covenants." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/69334.
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Padhi, Romina. "An empirical study of subordination levels in commercial mortgage backed securities." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/33194.
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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Architecture, 2005.This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 50-52).
The CMBS market has been in existence since the mid 1980s; however, it was during the mid 1990s that the market began to grow. A combination of favorable interest rate environment, entry of new players in the market and the amount of demand for commercial real estate assets, led to a record US CMBS issuance in 2004, with the 2005 outlook being even better. However, the subordination or credit enhancement level of these securities has been on a downward trend since 1995. The thesis attempts to analyze the risk factors such as loan to value ratio, debt service coverage ratio, floating versus fixed rate, large and conduit deal types, as well as diversification factors (property type and geographic location), and their impact on subordination levels. Finally, market forces such as spreads on CMBS are also analyzed for their influence on subordination levels. For the analysis, data were collected on 430 commercial mortgage backed securities issued from 1995 through mid 2005. The information was obtained from Trepp, which tracks all the commercial mortgage backed securities issued in the market. The trend in subordination levels of each of the tranches or bond classes was analyzed over the period of study and a quantitative regression analysis was performed to analyze the influence of the above mentioned factors on the subordination levels.
(cont.) The results indicate that the loan to value ratio, interest rate type (fixed versus floating) and the deal type (conduit and large loans) have a significant impact on the subordination levels. Also, certain other market factors, including the spread differential between CMBS and corporate bonds, strong property market performance, increased liquidity and increased number of investors may also have influence the subordination levels of these securities.
by Romina Padhi.
S.M.
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Rybkowski, Zofia Kristina. "Toward energy sustainability in Hong Kong : a life-cycle cost analysis case study on low thermal energy transfer envelopes for a mid-rise commercial building /." View abstract or full-text, 2004. http://library.ust.hk/cgi/db/thesis.pl?CIVL%202004%20RYBKOW.
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Thesis (M. Phil.)--Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, 2004.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 96-102). Also available in electronic version. Access restricted to campus users.
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Seckman, John. "Applying information technology to commercial office building operations : new tools and techniques." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/70219.
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Hall, Jeremy Graham. "An examination of the intangible business component of commercial real estate investments." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/66757.
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Asokan, Aravind E. M. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. "System architecture for single-pilot aircraft in commercial air transport operations." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/106240.
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Thesis: S.M. in Engineering and Management, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, School of Engineering, System Design and Management Program, Engineering and Management Program, 2016.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 161-165).
Commercial flight operations have seen the consistent reduction of flight crew from five to two over the past several decades. As technology improves and airplanes become increasingly capable of flying themselves, this trend of crew reduction can be expected to continue. Single pilot operations in commercial air transport presents a range of benefits and challenges, some of which are explored in this thesis. While there has been some discussion of the concept of having a single pilot operate a complex aircraft, including an announcement by a regional jet manufacturer of their intent to realize the concept in the first half of the next decade, it is seen that there is a need to define architectures and compare them in different operational contexts. This examination of architectures is conducted by identifying high level concepts or architectural decisions mentioned in the literature reviewed thus far, and creating an architectural space containing the possible constrained combinations of architectural divisions. The architectural space is represented as a safety versus cost trade space, wherein different architectural combinations are compared against present day operations. An attempt is also made to identify possible off nominal situations and the ability of the different architectures to deal with them. Safety is studied primarily as a function of pilot workload, which is identified by studying the movement of flight operations processes from the first officer, who is eliminated. Cost in this context is regarded as a combination of acquisition costs and operating costs. The former is quantified by identifying likely changes in system complexity, while the latter is a combination of crew and new infrastructure costs. Moving to SPO requires taking into account the operating context. The analysis indicates that different classes of aircraft - widebodies, narrowbodies, and regional jets - have different levels of benefits and costs in moving to SPO. Capabilities of automation needs to improve drastically before the second human in the flight deck can be replaced, and this is borne out by the dominance of human centered concepts in the trade space. The analysis also indicates that regional aircraft may be prime candidates to move to SPO first, as most regional architectures generate positive savings.
by Aravind Asokan.
S.M. in Engineering and Management
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Pearce, Neil Robert Lewarne. "Process-property-fabric architecture relationships in fibre-reinforced composites." Thesis, University of Plymouth, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/2596.
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The use of fibre-reinforced polymer matrix composite materials is growing at a faster rate than GDP in many countries. An improved understanding of their processing and mechanical behaviour would extend the potential applications of these materials. For unidirectional composites, it is predicted that localised absence of fibres is related to longitudinal compression failure. The use of woven reinforcements permits more effective manufacture than for unidirectional fibres. It has been demonstrated experimentally that compression strengths of woven composites are reduced when fibres are clustered. Summerscales predicted that clustering of fibres would increase the permeability of the reinforcement and hence expedite the processing of these materials. Commercial fabrics are available which employ this concept using flow-enhancing bound tows. The net effect of clustering fibres is to enhance processability whilst reducing the mechanical properties. The effects reported above were qualitative correlations. Gross differences in the appearance of laminate sections are apparent for different weave styles. For the quantification of subtle changes in fabric architecture, the use of automated image analysis is essential. Griffm used Voronoi tessellation to measure the microstructures of composites made using flow-enhancing tows. The data was presented as histograms with no single parameter to quantify microstructure. This thesis describes the use of automated image analysis for the measurement of the microstructures of woven fibre-reinforced composites, and pioneers the use of fractal dimensions as a single parameter for their quantification. It further considers the process-property- structure relationships for commercial and experimental fabric reinforcements in an attempt to resolve the processing versus properties dilemma. A new flow-enhancement concept has been developed which has a reduced impact on laminate mechanical properties.
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Roberts, Mark G. (Mark Gerard). "Supply-side analysis of the commercial office market and a replacement cost index." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/69731.
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Dee, Rocelyn Sy 1976. "Financial analysis of energy-efficient façade systems for application in commercial office developments." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/65729.
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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Architecture, 2002.Includes bibliographical references (116-120).
Advocates for sustainable development have been campaigning for the implementation of green features in developments. New and high-technology energy-efficient technologies, such as photovoltaic cells and double skin façades, have been difficult to incorporate in developments even though they carry with them the promise of better performance and greater environmental impact. While some proponents of green development would have us believe that energy-efficient technologies are worthwhile investments, the truth is that the benefits do not always outweigh the costs. The key is promoting mass applications of these technologies is by providing an instrument for decision-makers to understand performance implications of building systems choices as represented by financial costs and benefits. It is through this holistic comprehension, as opposed to a dissection of development components, that risk perception can be mitigated and well-informed decisions can be made. This proposal presents a financial analysis of the implications of different façade. These systems will be applied to a similar base building with same performance specifications for a controlled comparison. The building type will be limited to commercial offices. It is important to note that the objective is not to arrive at an absolute cost valuation, but rather to cognize the relative efficiencies of one against the other. By using currency-based values as a representation of advantages and disadvantages, we are communicating in a common language familiar to decision-makers. This thesis hopes to achieve a better understanding of the efficiencies, or inefficiencies, of using high-technology façades. While the primary goal is to achieve a more accurate picture of the financial performances of high-technology energy efficient systems against conventional systems, the analysis will also give us a good understanding as to what barriers stand in the way, and what conditions have to exist for them to achieve widespread application. In the end, this could be the more valuable contribution.
by Rocelyn Sy Dee.
S.M.
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Blum, David H. (David Henry). "Improving the use of commercial building HVAC systems for electric grid ancillary services." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/106404.
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Thesis: Ph. D. in Building Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Architecture, 2016.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 135-145).
Increasing renewable and distributed electricity generation increases the requirement of grid-scale flexibility, often provided through ancillary services. Buildings can play a significant role in meeting this challenge by providing ancillary services with their HVAC systems. However, use of commercial HVAC systems in this way comes with significant challenges, which relate to interactions between the HVAC system and building operation, electricity markets, and electric grid operators. This thesis addresses these challenges through the use of dynamic modeling, model predictive control, and energy storage scaling techniques. First, a model of a representative VAV system is built using Modelica and simulated to characterize the system's performance while providing reserve and regulation ancillary services. It is found that reserves are provided most effectively when airflow is reduced through the terminal units, while regulation is provided most effectively when power-consuming equipment is directly controlled and has little effect on occupancy service. Next, a novel 24-hour HVAC MPC optimization problem is formulated and solved that separately accounts for a building's reserve and regulation revenue from electricity markets. Over a three-day period, it is found that ancillary service revenue can make up for 67% of HVAC energy costs when considering wholesale energy prices, and 18% when considering retail energy prices and market rules that disallow overlapping regulation and reserve capacity offerings. Second, an MPC control approach is used for the determination of opportunity costs associated with HVAC ancillary service provision, which are comparable to those of generators and could be bid into ancillary service markets. A method is developed to these costs and it is found that they can exceed $66/MWh if considering wholesale energy prices, and $93/MWh if considering retail electricity prices. Lastly, energy and power densities and costs for three thermal storage technologies available to commercial buildings are produced and compared to those of batteries. In addition, a method is developed to estimate the building HVAC reserve capacity within neighborhoods without the need for sophisticated energy simulations. In a case study involving 172 buildings, it is estimated that approximately 1100 kWh of peak hourly reserve capacity is available if thermostat setpoints are changed by 2°C.
by David H. Blum.
Ph. D. in Building Technology
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Boomer, Marnie Lanore. "Exploring the potential of the suburban commercial building : nurturing our paths and places." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/64511.
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Thesis (M. Arch.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Architecture, 1992.Includes bibliographical references (p. 65-67).
In the advancement of commercial and economic interests, modern society continually litters the earth's landscapes with insensitive buildings. When I speak of the environment I mean not only the landscape in which the building sits, but also the environment of the people within the space. This lack of concern typically found in commercial habitation reflects an attitude of an individually oriented, commodity driven, society. With the changing values of society, we are obligated to review the needs of our "lesser" building types. Through a further evaluation of the potential behind commercial architecture, one might offer suggestions to create and habit these spaces in an educated manner. This thesis explores the potential which lies beyond stereotypical expectations of the traditional suburban commercial building. The exploration dreams of a place for people rather than commodity. A marketplace which suggests human activity in relation to nature, culture and experience. Through the introduction of these issues in relation to the supermarket, I propose an alternative view to shopping in an effort to enhance the experience and identity of the individual.
Marnie Lanore Boomer.
M.Arch.
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Bermudez, Jenny P. "Humanizing the facade of the public commercial building in a contemporary American culture." FIU Digital Commons, 2001. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/1598.
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The projects studied for this thesis show that the more the façades match the values, tastes, and needs of its target individuals, the more frequently the place will be visited. They endow it with a sense of place and uniqueness and create an emotional bond with the individuals. The intent of this research was to derive a framework of principles to be used in the design of façades, and to establish a relationship between the facade, human scale, urban context, and building. The methodology for developing this framework is based on the analysis of building façades from the Renaissance to current examples of New York Times Square. The principles were generated from strategies of the case studies analyzed. Principles of monumentality, symbolism, and iconography were used to perceive façades as essential forms of architecture. The scale of facades emphasizes human dimensions. In turn, the façade is a device of communication to inform individuals, and its impact on retelling culture for a city.
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Thabane, Tebello. "The ownership and control architecture of South Africa's state-owned companies and its impact on corporate governance." Doctoral thesis, Faculty of Law, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/33992.
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The thesis examines the ownership model and various control arrangements of state-owned companies (SOCs) to establish how the division of corporate power between the boards of directors and shareholder-representatives and the exercise of corporate power by these organs impact corporate governance. The thesis makes several claims. First, it argues that the architecture of ownership and control is not underpinned by a sound theoretical base and lacks a clear and consistent economic and political logic. Second, the motivations for state ownership are vague and contradictory, resulting in an irrationally amorphous ownership model. Third, shareholder control powers are excessive, often abused, and lead to shareholder proximity to the locus of governance, which engenders interference and erodes boards' autonomy and authority to govern effectively. Fourth, the legal and regulatory regime governing SOCs is plural, complex, fragmented, and contradictory. Collectively, these and other conceptual flaws have an adverse impact on governance. To address the flaws, the true nature and role of SOCs as entities of a special kind designed to fulfil an overarching public interest mandate need to be reimagined. To realise the public interest mandate, SOCs must be governed in the public interest. This has several aspects. The first is the truncation of excessive shareholder powers and the elimination of interference by removing SOCs from direct political control and placing them under an independent and professional shareholder entity akin to Singapore's state holding company, Temasek. The second aspect is a rethink and expansion of the duties of SOCs' directors by introducing a novel duty to act in the public interest, in addition to their traditional duties. The third aspect is that the legal and regulatory framework must be de-layered, responsive, and complementary to accommodate and give impetus to the public interest approach to corporate governance. Ultimately, these changes must culminate in a nuanced and bespoke architecture of ownership and control that is minimalist and structured and that can, arguably, address the idiosyncratic governance challenges that confront South African SOCs.
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Coetzee, Alexander. "The missing middle : nascent potential in South Africa's commercial environment." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/18171.
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Includes bibliographical referencesMy interest this year was around the commercial development potential of low-income areas in South Africa. The dissertation title, "The Missing Middle" refers to three aspects of the commercial environment in South Africa which I believe to be missing, ones relating to economics, architecture and built-environment professional practice. Economics: I was interested in the gap between two disparate economies in South Africa, those that in oversimplified terms are referred to as the formal and informal economies. Architecture: I was interested in the fact that this disparity was reflected in the types of retail buildings seen in South Africa - the fact that there are a large number of big-box type shopping centres and a large number of small-scale micro-enterprises but very few retail buildings that are at a scale between these two. Practice: I was interested in the gap in the market for the provision of built-environment professional services in low-income areas. These three aspects informed the design for a retail centre in the low-income suburb of Du Noon. The design project, entitled Waxberry Market, is aimed at filling the gap between small-scale informal trade and large-scale retail centres (shopping malls) in the context of South Africa's low-income suburbs. This report documents my dissertation in four parts. The first three relate to my initial enquiries around economics, architecture and practice with the last part covering the design project.
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Williams, Kyle D. "Commercial remodeling : using computer graphic imagery to evaluate building energy performance during conceptual redesign." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/78789.
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Thesis (M.S.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Architecture, 1985.MICROFICHE COPY AVAILABLE IN ARCHIVES AND ROTCH.
This research is an investigation of the relationship between commercial remodeling and building thermal performance. A computer graphic semiotic is developed to display building thermal performance based on this relationship. Commercial remodeling includes everything from minor tenant improvements to whole building redesign. One type of remodeling, rehabilitation, has flourished in recent years and is the concentration of this research. A distinction is made between rehabilitation and other types of remodeling. such as refurbishment. renovation and rebuilding. Rehabilitation is defined as major changes to a building. either to save the building from decay of structure and services or to extensively modify the building for another use. A trend in the building industry towards increased activity in remodeling has been developing over the last ten to fifteen years. Based on the 1982 Census of Construction. Commercial remodeling accounted for about 10% of all nonresidential construction receipts, representing over a four billion dollar market. This trend. as well as the reasons for the trend and its implications to designers is discussed in this research. The combination of continual maintenance, changes in the federal tax Jaws and an acceptance by commercial tenants to be located in rehabilitated buildings are the major reasons for the trend. The energy crisis of 1973 increased public and governmental awareness of the need for thermally responsible buildings. Therefore. building energy use became a design requirement for architects and engineers. Energy use has special significance for remodeling. Because energy systems (lighting. heating and cooling systems) do not last as long as structural systems. a large percentage of the remodeling cost is associated with the renovation or replacement of these systems. Further. operating costs are of primary concern to owners and tenants. The cost of energy and maintenance of energy systems are large contributors to total operating costs. As with any design element. energy use must be considered at the earliest stages of building design or redesign. This is especially true with a remodeling project. The building's existing lighting. heating and cooling systems must be evaluated as well as the building's structure and space allocation. Only after the relationships between these building characteristics are understood can an appropriate design concept be proposed. The computer graphic semiotic proposed as part of this research is used to develop graphic images as aides in determining the relationship between the building configuration and the building's energy use. The basis for this evaluation is energy cost per square foot for each season. and peak heating and cooling loads in 1000 BTU /hr by building zone (north, east. south, west and core). The images are specifically intended for use during predesign evaluation and early conceptual design. Currently, so called computer design tools produce a multitude of confusing numerical tables and equally confusing graphics such as bar and pie charts. The difference between the proposed semiotic and standard graphic theory is that it is intended specifically for use with a computer and takes advantage of a computer's unique capabilities. Typical computer displays are merely standard print graphics produced by a computer. The proposed system displays quantities and the components that make up the quantities. The quantities in the prototype developed are energy cost and peak loads. Each image, representing each quantity, can be independently evaluated. In other words, no ordinate or abscissa is necessary to compare the values of each quantity. The discussion of the new imaging system is concluded with a proposal for future development where each image is used as an "icon" by the user to be manipulated, stored, or combined with other images. With the use of the computer, and a new imaging system. complex data can be visually ordered in a way as to be quickly interpreted and understood. a necessity during conceptual design. Information is thus transformed into knowledge.
by Kyle D. Williams.
M.S.
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Lietz, Cordell A. "Financing real estate development through rated commercial paper : an analysis of 75 State Street." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/76024.
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Faggen, Craig J. (Craig Jeffrey). "The market for commercial mortgage-backed securities among life insurance companies and pension funds." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/65981.
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Wang, Yali S. M. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. "A simplified constant-liquidity price index for U.S. commercial property based on the RCA database." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/46380.
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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Architecture, 2008.This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Includes bibliographical references (leaf 86).
This thesis builds on the endogenous relationship between transaction price and volume in commercial real estate markets in order to construct a simple "constant-liquidity price index" (SCLI) applicable to general transaction databases such as that of Real Capital Analytics Inc (a MIT/CRE member firm). By recognizing the fact that current commercial property indices do not capture the demand-side of the market (potential property buyers), which is the source of liquidity in the market, the type of index developed in this thesis fills a gap in the need for commercial property investment information. The ease of selling a property at the price indicated by an index of average realized prices (in closed deals) is variable and highly correlated with market cycles. And investors care not only for the price but also want to know how easy it is to sell property at those prices. This thesis is an extension of the formal study of constant-liquidity indexing (Transaction based supply and demand index) developed by Fisher, Gatzlaff, Geltner and Haurin (2003) based on the NCREIF (National Council of Real Estate Investment Fiduciaries) Property Index (NPI) transaction data base (hereafter referred to as "FGGH"). Compared with the underlying more rigorous econometric model of FGGH, this thesis presents a simplified approach to construct a constant liquidity price index (hereafter referred to as "Simplified Constant-Liquidity Price Index/ SCLI") suitable for a more typical type of commercial property transaction database, one that contains data only on sold properties (the NCREIF database used by FGGH contains data on both sold and unsold properties).
(cont.) In this thesis, monthly SCLIs are compared with the corresponding realized price indices and the results suggest that the SCLIs tend to lead the price indices and display a greater volatility. The SCLI developed here behaves similarly to the more econometrically rigorous FGGH-based demand-side indexes, therefore tends to validate the construction method of the SCLI, suggesting that this could be a useful information product and possibly a valuable tool for investment allocation and derivatives trading.
by Yali Wang.
S.M.
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Melton, Lisa Kalhar. "Herman Preusse, Spokane's first architect : his commercial and public buildings /." view abstract or download file of text, 2001. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/uoregon/fullcit?p1405196.
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Thesis (M.S.)--University of Oregon, 2001.Typescript. Includes vita and abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 121-129). Also available for download via the World Wide Web; free to UO users.
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Srivastava, Rohit 1970. "Default study of commercial mortgages in CMBS pools : an empirical analysis of defaults and loss severity." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/29785.
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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Architecture, 2003.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 57-58).
The commercial mortgage backed securities ("CMBS") market has become a major source of real estate financing over the last 10-12 years. The growth of this market has been accompanied by strong real estate fundamentals. Consequently the collateral in the CMBS pools has not seen a major real estate recession till now. The loss assumptions used by market participants is based on the experience of banks and insurance companies ("Portfolio Lenders"). As the underwriting criteria and the collateral quality in the CMBS market is markedly different than that of the Portfolio Lenders', it can be assumed that the loss experience is going to be different as well. The loss experience for a portfolio is determined by two main factors, the frequency of defaults (or delinquencies) in the pool and the actual severity of loss on the defaulted loans. Each defaulted loan in a pool represents loss severity and eventual yield degradation. As Real Estate is a lagging indicator, historically, every economic downturn has been followed by a surge in default rates. The recession of 2001-03, which appears to be no different from its predecessors, is also indicative of possible rising commercial mortgage default rates. With further alleviating political risks and no signs of economic recovery in sight, concerns run high investors regarding rising delinquencies and default rates. It is time again, to evaluate the potential yield degradation for truer reflection of the credit risk in the pricing of the CMBS. In an effort to empirically quantify the credit risk and the economic cost of the losses on a portfolio basis, this study examines 801 CMBS deals with 78,680 commercial mortgage loans originated from 1960-2003, tracking them through to June'2003. The effort is focused on evaluating performance of this portfolio, which is mainly representative of mortgages originated by "conduit" lenders. These loans originated mostly with the intention of immediately selling through securitization rather than holding on balance sheet are truly representative of the majority of today's CMBS collateral. The study further examines the possibility of different variables like Debt Service Coverage Ratio, Loan to value, Metropolitan Statistical Areas location and economic growth, impacting the performance of commercial mortgages. This evaluation is based on empirical analysis of this data collected by Intex. The methodology adopted entails a review of the defaulted loans based on factors such as origination cohorts, geographical distribution of defaulting properties, loan sizes, seasoning period, timing of default, number of loans by originator and year, severity of loss, foreclosure process and defaults by property types. Analysis of the different variables helps provide insight into the relationships and importance of these factors in the eventual economic loss or the impact on the imputed yield.
by Rohit Srivastava.
S.M.
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Cooper, Alyson Valda. "The Manchester commercial textile warehouse, 1780-1914 : a study of its typology and practical development." Thesis, Manchester Metropolitan University, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.292734.
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Yates, Barrett Elizabeth. "Country regulation of large scale commercial and industrial real estate development in the southwest : is it effective?" Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/37450.
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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Architecture, 2006.This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Includes bibliographical references (leaf 45).
Real estate developers and county officials were surveyed to determine the existence, content and accessibility of county regulatory guidelines for land use and real estate development projects in the southwestern US. Further, the developers and county officials were interviewed to understand the relationship between the quality of the regulatory guidelines and the associated process, and the quality of real estate development in the specified counties. The results from the survey and interview processes were analyzed to assess the efficacy of the county regulatory process for large scale commercial and industrial real estate development. In most counties where the surveys were conducted, guidelines covering zoning and zoning related processes, planning, public works and transportation did exist but their currency and relevancy was questionable. All county regulatory bodies surveyed were in the process of updating the guidelines to make them current, clear and comprehensive for the existing communities, many of which were experiencing rapid population growth. County officials and developers agreed that quality of regulation significantly affects the quality of real estate development, thus impacting future economic development.
(cont.) This thesis recommends updating guidelines to focus on certain key aspects for each guideline area studied: zoning and zoning related processes, planning, public works and transportation. Further, this thesis recommends bifurcating the guidelines and approval processes for large developments which can dramatically impact infrastructure, transportation and community sustainability versus small developments which may have a negligible impact on these areas. Additionally, this thesis contemplates the establishment of regional bodies to oversee certain aspects of land use planning unifying neighboring areas and reducing duplication of planning efforts in adjacent counties.
by Barrett Elizabeth Yates.
S.M.
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Thompson, William Paul 1955. "Effects of seaport trade on metropolitan commercial real estate with a concentration on the port of Miami." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/70186.
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Tomar, Abhineet Singh. "Modern Electrical/Electronic Infrastructure for Commercial Trucks : Generic Input/Output nodes for sensors and actuators in Commercial Trucks." Thesis, KTH, Radio Systems Laboratory (RS Lab), 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-220183.
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The presence of electrical and electronic circuits in commercial trucks has increased at a very fast rate during recent decades. With advancements in embedded systems and the introduction of electric controls in the automotive industry, the design of complex electric systems for the vehicles has become one of the major design challenges. In the commercial truck industry, the development cycles are almost a decade long. Therefore, it is a big challenge to introduce a new architecture to accommodate the modern automotive technologies in the upcoming generation of trucks. Currently, the commercial truck industry relies highly on a federated electrical/electronic (E/E) architecture. In this architecture, Electronic Control Units (ECU) are responsible for computation and Input/Output operations. These ECUs are clustered into different domains based on their respective functions. However, these domains are not isolated from each other. These modules communicate with each other using a vehicular network, which is typically a controller area network in the current trucks. In the automotive industry, automation is increasing at a fast pace. As the level of automation increases, the need for high computation also increases, which increases the overall costs. This study aims to address this problem by introducing an integrated E/E architecture where all the computational power is concentrated at one place (or perhaps two or three places to allow for redundancy). This study proposes to introduce a lowcost replacement for the current ECUs with more limited computational power but with generic input/output interfaces. This thesis provides the reader with some background of the current E/E architecture of commercial trucks and introduces the reader to ECUs. Additionally, the relevant network architectures and protocols are explained. A potential solution, based upon the centralized computation based E/E architecture and its implementation are discussed followed by a detailed analysis of the replacements for ECUs. The result of this analysis, if adopted, should result in a reduction of manufacturing and design costs, as well as make the production and maintenance process easier. Moreover, this should also have environmental benefits by reducing fuel consumption.Förekomsten av elektronik och elektriska kretsar I kommersiella lastbilar has ökat i en väldigt snabb takt under de senaste decennierna. Med framsteg inom inbyggda system och introduktionen av elektroniska styrsystem i fordonsindustrin så har komplexa elektroniska system blivit en av de största designutmaningarna. I den kommersiella lastbilsindustrin där utvecklingscyklerna är nästan ett decennium, är det en stor utmaning att introducera ny arkitektur som tillgodoser all den nya teknologin som införlivas i fordonet. För närvarande så förlitar sig den kommersiella lastbilsindustrin mycket på en federated elektrisk/elektronisk (E/E) arkitektur. I denna arkitektur är elektroniska styrenheter (ECU) ansvariga för beräkningar och I/O (Input/Output) operationer. Dessa ECU:er är samlade i olika domäner baserade på dess funktioner. Domänerna är dock inte isolerade från varandra. De här modulerna kommunicerar därför med varandra med hjälp av ett fordonsnätverk, typiskt en CAN (Controller Area Network) i nuvarande lastbilar. I fordonsindustrin ökar automatiseringen i en snabb fart. I takt med att automatiseringen ökar så ökar även behovet av snabba och energiintensiva beräkningar, vilket i sin tur ökar den totala kostnaden. Denna studie har som mål att adressera det här problemet genom att introducera en integrated E/E arkitektur där all beräkningskraft är koncentrerad till en plats (eller två eller tre platser för att tillåta överskott). Den här studien föreslår att introducera en ersättning av nuvarande ECU:er till en låg kostnad, med lägre beräkningskraft och generiska I/O gränssnitt. Studien föreslår också ersättningar av nuvarande fordonsnätverk. Den här uppsatsen förser läsaren med viss bakgrund till den nuvarande E/E arkitekturen för kommersiella lastbilar och introducerar läsaren till ECU:er. Dessutom förklaras de relevanta nätverksarkitekturerna och protokollen. En potentiell lösning som baseras på den integrated E/E arkitekturen och dess implementering diskuteras med fokus på en detaljerad analys av ersättningarna till ECU:er. Resultatet av den här analysen skulle, om den adopteras, medföra minskning av tillverknings- och designkostnader samt leda till en förenkling av produktion och underhåll. Utöver det så bör det även ha miljöfördelar genom minskad bränsleförbrukning.
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Madolo, Bongane. "Adapting at multiple scales: Towards a contextualised adaptive reuse of disused commercial infrastructure in secondary South African cities." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/28028.
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In the early 1990s about 50 000 m² of office space was developed in the Central Business District (CBD) of Nelspruit for the Mpumalanga Provincial Government. The office space was spread out in a number of office buildings around the CBD. Between 2003-and 2005 the Provincial Government moved out of these office buildings to an office complex on the outskirts of the CBD, as a result a portion of the CBD was left vacant. The commercial sector has not really recovered since then and the CBD is beginning to experience urban decay. With this as background the dissertation, explores regeneration of a CBD and the opportunities that lie in large scale disused concrete frame buildings in Nelspruit, a secondary South African city. Affordable housing plays an important role in the development of the project, not only because it addresses a practical need for housing in the city, but also because it starts to speak to transformation of a city that largely remains anti-poor. The exploration in-to timber construction plays an equally important role in addressing questions of making buildings differently, looking at regional industry and craft, and the use of more sustainable building material. Research in to this topic was primarily aided by a 4-week research trip to Mezimbite Forest Centre in Beira, Mozambique. The objective is not to create a blueprint on which all the buildings are to be adapted because each existing building by virtue of its context alone, is unique and has challenges that are specific to it that need to be addressed. The objective is to develop a different way of adapting large scale buildings. One that breaks the monolith, makes connections and through its material is rooted in its broader context. Ideas that are tested in 32 Bell Street, a nine-storey building in the CBD of Nelspruit. Johannesburg's regeneration is looked at as an example of regeneration because it is the best example of a South African city that has used the decline of its commercial office sector to bring about transformation to a CBD, with housing being an important part of that transformation. Johannesburg also offers some of the clues on what needs to evolve in the way office buildings are being adapted.
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Lewis, Joshua. "A COMMON COMPONENT-BASED SOFTWARE ARCHITECTURE FOR MILITARY AND COMMERCIAL PC-BASED VIRTUAL SIMULATION." Doctoral diss., University of Central Florida, 2006. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/2301.
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Commercially available military-themed virtual simulations have been developed and sold for entertainment since the beginning of the personal computing era. There exists an intense interest by various branches of the military to leverage the technological advances of the personal computing and video game industries to provide low cost military training. By nature of the content of the commercial military-themed virtual simulations, a large overlap has grown between the interests, resources, standards, and technology of the computer entertainment industry and military training branches. This research attempts to identify these commonalities with the purpose of systematically designing and evaluating a common component-based software architecture that could be used to implement a framework for developing content for both commercial and military virtual simulation software applications.Ph.D.
Other
Engineering and Computer Science
Modeling and Simulation
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Zirnheld, Bernard Paul. "Presque Un Monument| Republican Urbanism and the Commercial Architecture of the Rue Reaumur (1896-1900)." Thesis, Yale University, 2018. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10957349.
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The Rue Réaumur, cleared and constructed between 1896 and 1900, was the first major urbanism project initiated in central Paris after the dismissal of Haussmann. Realized under the Third Republic and under the guidance of a democratically elected Paris Municipal Council, the street provoked an unprecedented public debate about urbanist priorities, the management of municipal debt, and architectural aesthetics. Disappointed with the visual homogeneity of the Haussmannian boulevard, Councilors liberalized building code and declared a Concours des Façades in the Rue Réaumur in order to visually revitalize their city.
That variation of the streetscape would turn on a monumentalization of the urban party-wall building through enlarged saillies and avant-propos, corbelled façade elements hitherto banned in the streets of Paris. Conceived as a central business district, the Rue Réaumur was also a unique concentration of commercial architecture, which encouraged an expanded use of iron structure to open building interiors and façades into naturally illuminated, floor-through spaces of manufacture. Construction in the Rue Réaumur was, then, guided by contradictory impulses. Charged with psychically countering the uniformity of the rationalized city, the exuberant elevations of the new street simultaneously masked a reordering of the architectural object by similar pressures towards economic and technological efficiency.
This dissertation treats the architecture of the Rue Réaumur and the public debate that shaped it as mutually determining engagements of architectural modernity. It situates the street's evolution as a response to the political, economic, spatial, and psychic challenges posed by the emerging capitalist metropolis. Reconstruction of the architectural and social discourses that informed design practice in the Rue Réaumur positions late-century eclecticism as an indispensable step in the development of interwar Parisian modernism. That architecture served as the primary object of rejection within modernist historiography and avant-garde theory due to its reliance on historical vocabularies. This study demonstrates that the perceptual immediacy desired of the late-century Parisian façade was of equal importance to the development of architectural modernism as theories of structural rationalism. It considers eclecticist architecture like that of the Rue Réaumur as a moment of dynamic invention within nineteenth-century theory and design practice, the terms of which would integrally condition Le Corbusier's reconception of architecture and architectural aesthetics a generation later.
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Song, Suwon. "Development of new methodologies for evaluating the energy performance of new commercial buildings." [College Station, Tex. : Texas A&M University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-1731.
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Mansfield, Glen Martin. "A strategic architecture and its role in enhancing the performance of commercial web-enabled enterprises." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/1434.
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Clevenger, Corey Robert. "Inverting Suburbia." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/78231.
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Suburban sprawl fuels the need for automobiles and is preventing cities in the United States from providing adequate places for pedestrians. Tysons Corner, Virginia is one of these sprawling cities that is a metropolitan suburb of Washington D.C. The way these cities have sprawled prevents them from being as accessible to pedestrians as they should be. Building dense housing near access to multiple modes of transportation can start to reduce the dependance on personal vehicles. By living near a bike route, bus route, or metro station, a pedestrian can break their reliance on cars and utilize more sustainable modes of transportation. Tysons Corner began as a business hub full of commuters and continues to be today. The city has no place for pedestrians because of all the high rises and parking garages. By designing a place for people to live and pedestrians to interact, a new place can emerge for Tysons that will give access to multiple modes of transportation that combat the car.Master of Architecture
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Pearson, Jason R., and Kate S. Wittels. "Real options in action : vertical phasing in commercial real estate development." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/59496.
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Thesis (S.M. in Real Estate Development)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, Center for Real Estate, 2008 [first author]; and, (S.M. in Real Estate Development)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Architecture, Center for Real Estate, 2008 [second author].Includes bibliographical references.
Real estate development is inherently a risky endeavor. Developers encounter varied risks during the different phases of a development project, from permitting to construction and through lease-up and stabilized operations. Flexibility allows a developer to mitigate some of these risks by capitalizing on potential upsides, and reducing the effects from possible downsides. Flexibility, and phasing specifically, enables a developer to manage risk more effectively by allowing a building to grow as market conditions warrant. This thesis investigates the determinants and implementation of vertical phasing, and suggests areas of applicability for vertically phased development. By "vertical phasing", we mean when a building is originally constructed to a certain height, but includes the intentional capacity for it to expand vertically in the future. Vertical phasing is an example of a real option "in" real estate development. A real option embodies a right, but not an obligation to pursue a future course of action. Flexibility, or real options, in real estate is important because it can add value to a project. The significant expansion of tall buildings is a recent phenomenon, though vertical phasing itself is not new. Expanding a one story building to two stories, for example, is a common example of vertical phasing. This thesis examines the decision and development process of major buildings that are constructed with the intentional ability to be expanded vertically in the future without disrupting the occupation and operations of the original building. While the intention is that the vertical expansion will take place at some appropriate time in the future, if such an opportunity never arises, the original building can exist by itself as a complete, fully functioning structure.
(cont.) Drawing from a study of four buildings in the United States and Canada, this thesis examines the context in which vertical phasing of buildings is employed. It first considers the various drivers that lead to vertical phasing. It then discusses the specific issues and challenges with respect to vertical phasing. This thesis argues that while vertical phasing of buildings is rare and complex, it is a viable method of development that has significant potential in enhancing the value of buildings. Specifically, vertical phasing is relevant to corporate real estate development, in which less quantifiable value drivers of a building are tangible and important. By evaluating the drivers and implementation of vertical phasing, this thesis shows that vertical phasing of buildings may be easier than commonly believed, and may be used effectively in corporate real estate development and possibly other sectors of the real estate industry.
by Jason R. Pearson and Kate S. Wittels.
S.M.in Real Estate Development
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Genca, Salih Ozgur. "Design Guidelines For Shop Buildings In Beypazari Historic Commercial Center." Master's thesis, METU, 2005. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12605938/index.pdf.
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This study aims to prepare a design guide for the traditional shop buildings in Beypazari Historic Commercial Center which guides maintenance, repairs and new designs on shop facades. This guide, which is prepared in limited content by researching problems of conservation in historic towns also aims to develop a collaboration of the users and the municipality, to raise the consciousness of the community for
conservation, and to be an example for similar studies. During this process, a detailed study is made on architectural conservation guides and shop buildings in the study area.
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Van, der Merwe Jeandri. "Subterranean space integrating generic commercial entities within the Gauteng system /." Diss., Pretoria : [s.n.], 2005. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-11302005-110820.
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Pace, Richard, and Charles E. Walters. "Common Test and Training Range Architecture." International Foundation for Telemetering, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/608373.
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International Telemetering Conference Proceedings / October 30-November 02, 1995 / Riviera Hotel, Las Vegas, NevadaTo address the concerns of a declining defense budget, duplicate range capabilities, and applications of new technologies, the Deputy Director, Test Facilities and Resources, Test, Systems Engineering and Evaluation Directorate, Office of the Secretary of Defense (OSD), initiated the Common Test and Training Range Architecture (CTTRA) Workshop project. The development of a common test and training range architecture requires a series of workshops designed to apply the expertise of the test and training ranges and the installed systems test facilities (ISTF) communities to the challenges of architecture development and interface standardization. A common range architecture with standardized interfaces will facilitate asset sharing between the Services, increase the industry-government dual-use potential of OSD's test and training range facilities, and lower the cost of testing. Further, common range interfaces will allow the efficient integration of new instrumentation and simulations at minimum cost. To support development of the CTTRA, there have been three workshops, each expanding the accomplishments of the previous workshop. The first workshop was conducted 20-22 April 1994. The other workshops were held 12-14 October 1994 and 21-24 February 1995. The goals of the workshop process are to: • Develop a common test and training range architecture that supports the requirements of the test, training, and installed systems test facility communities • Identify areas with the potential to yield near-term interface standardization benefits. • Identify potential OSD Central Test and Evaluation Investment Program (CTEIP) projects. Thus far, the workshops have developed a top level and second level candidate CTTRA, identified areas for interface standardization, and established standing working groups responsible for continuing development of CTTRA and selected areas for interface standardization.
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Crawford, Kevin, and Martin Johnson. "DETERMINATION OF AN OPTIMAL DATA BUS ARCHITECTURE FOR A FLIGHT DATA SYSTEM." International Foundation for Telemetering, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/606463.
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International Telemetering Conference Proceedings / October 22-25, 2001 / Riviera Hotel and Convention Center, Las Vegas, NevadaNASA/Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC) is continually looking for methods to reduce cost and schedule while keeping the quality of work high. MSFC is NASA’s lead center for space transportation and microgravity research. When supporting NASA’s programs several decisions concerning the avionics system must be made. Usually many trade studies must be conducted to determine the best ways to meet the customer’s requirements. When deciding the flight data system, one of the first trade studies normally conducted is the determination of the data bus architecture. The schedule, cost, reliability, and environments are some of the factors that are reviewed in the determination of the data bus architecture. Based on the studies, the data bus architecture could result in a proprietary data bus or a commercial data bus. The cost factor usually removes the proprietary data bus from consideration. The commercial data bus architecture’s range from Versa Module Euro card (VME) to Compact PCI to STD 32 to PC 104. If cost, schedule and size are prime factors, VME is usually not considered. If the prime factors are cost, schedule, and size then Compact PCI, STD 32 and PC 104 are the choices for the data bus architecture. MSFC’s center director has funded a study from his discretionary fund to determine an optimal low cost commercial data bus architecture. The goal of the study is to functionally and environmentally test Compact PCI, STD 32 and PC 104 data bus architectures. This paper will summarize the results of the data bus architecture study.
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Nivet, Soline. "Architecture d'auteur versus produit commercial ? : l'Immeuble-villas et les Villas suspendues® : deux stratégies de communication." Paris 8, 2006. http://octaviana.fr/document/117593265#?c=0&m=0&s=0&cv=0.
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L’architecture des immeubles produits par la promotion privée est souvent qualifiée de « commerciale ». A partir de cette formule, qui consacre le marketing comme mode opératoire pour faire de l’architecture, cette thèse cherche à saisir l’interaction entre projet architectural et produit immobilier. Depuis 1997, le groupe de promotion français Apollonia vend avec succès sous le nom de Villas suspendues® des appartements en duplex commercialisés selon un marketing du hard discount emprunté à la grande distribution. Ce produit entretient une relative ressemblance avec un projet de l’avant-garde moderne: l’Immeuble-villas, élaboré par Le Corbusier entre 1922 et 1929. L’étude de ces deux cas permet de retracer les stratégies qui en ont motivé l’élaboration, d’analyser les dispositifs qui y sont mis en œuvre et les discours qu’ils permettent de soutenir, de cerner et relativiser les motifs et les enjeux de l’opposition entre avant-garde et kitsch, architecture d’auteur et de promoteurThe architecture of buildings put up by property developers is often qualified as commercial. Based on this premise - in which marketing becomes an operating mode for making architecture - my thesis sets out to grasp the interaction between architectural projects and property development products. Since 1997, the French company Apollonia has been successfully selling split-level apartments under the name of Villa suspendues® using the hard discount marketing techniques. This product bears a certain resemblance to a famous project of the modern avant-garde: the Immeuble-villas, conceived by Le Corbusier between 1922 and 1929. By studying these two examples, I shed light on the strategies that led up to their elaboration and the respective mechanisms at play in each. Furthermore, in comparing the two projects, determining figures are brought to light revealing the motives and the stakes of opposing the avant-garde and the kitsch, the architecture of the author and that of the developer