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Journal articles on the topic 'Commercial Automobiles'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 29 July 2024

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Pawlowsky, Verena. "Luxury Item or Urgent Commercial Need?" Journal of Transport History 34, no. 2 (2013): 177–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.7227/tjth.34.2.6.

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The possession of an automobile prior to the Second World War was still an elite phenomenon, and the number of registered automobiles was low. Europe was no exception, especially Austria. Unusually detailed numerical vehicle registration data nevertheless show the growing importance of motorists as a target for motor vehicle advertising and as objects of official statistics in the 1930s. The paper uses the information to examine the affordability of automobility at that period of transition, automobile sales strategies and the use made of cars by Austrians in different occupations.

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Wang, Shaoguang, and Xiuling Wang. "Modeling and Analysis of the Effects of Noise Barrier Shape and Inflow Conditions on Highway Automobiles Emission Dispersion." Fluids 4, no. 3 (2019): 151. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fluids4030151.

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Recent research has suggested that noise barriers have significant impacts on near-road automobile emissions reduction. T-shaped noise barriers have better performance on reducing noise than others, however, their effects on automobile emissions reduction are not clear. In this research, commercial software ANSYS®Fluent 19.2 (Ansys Inc., Canonsburg, PA, USA) was applied to simulate the noise barrier shape and different inflow wind shear condition effects on highway automobiles emission dispersion. Various Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) models were tested. The realizable k-ε turbulence

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ISMAIL, MUHAMMAD YUSRI, M.S. Beg, M.F. Jamlos, W.H. Azmi, N.H. Badrulhisam, and Omar I. Awad. "Potential and Limitation of Internet of Things (IOT) Application in the Automotive Industry: An Overview." International Journal of Automotive and Mechanical Engineering 19, no. 3 (2022): 9939–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.15282/ijame.19.3.2022.06.0766.

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With yearly output exceeding 70 million units, the automotive industry is one of the world's largest manufacturing industries. According to worldwide estimates, the car industry's global revenue was an astounding 3 trillion dollars equating to a combined global GDP of 3.65 percent. The emergence of IoT in the automobile sector has created new opportunities for automakers and purchasers worldwide. With industrial and commercial applications, IoT in the automobile industry has developed into a significant hotspot for a variety of multipurpose applications. From linked automobiles to automated tr

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Kulkarni, Nishad Chandrashekhar. "Comparison of Proportional Integral Derivative Control and Model Predictive Control for Commercial Vehicles." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 12, no. 8 (2024): 866–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2024.63882.

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Commercial automobiles are significant in transportation, logistics, and delivery solutions. Advanced control strategies have become increasingly crucial with the increasing demand for green and environmentally responsible transportation methods. Proportional Integral Derivative Control and Model Predictive Control have emerged as promising practices for optimizing automobile performance. This paper considerably compares the Proportional Integral Derivative and Model Predictive Controller’s applications, benefits, challenges, and limitations in commercial vehicle technology. Additionally, it o

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Miljković, Marko. "Making automobiles in Yugoslavia: Fiat technology in the Crvena Zastava Factory, 1954–1962." Journal of Transport History 38, no. 1 (2017): 20–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022526617702158.

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The license agreement between the Italian Fiat and the Yugoslav Crvena Zastava, signed in 1954, was the first commercial arrangement and enterprise between a Western corporation and a socialist country in the post-war era. The Yugoslav side expected the establishment of the modern automobile industry to have a spin-off effect, helping to modernise the entire industrial sector. However, this ambitious plan failed to materialise, leaving the country with Western-type automobiles, which often fell below even East European quality standards. As it was linked to almost the entire industrial sector,

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Chi, Yao Dan, Hai Long Gu, Yin Han Gao, Xiao Tian Yang, and Sheng Qian Zhang. "Survey to Automobile Electromagnetic Compatibility Simulation Software." Applied Mechanics and Materials 220-223 (November 2012): 2968–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.220-223.2968.

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With the rapid developments of computer technology and computing electromagnetism, it is possible to simulate the electromagnetic compatibility of automobiles. At the beginning of the design, electromagnetic compatibility simulation analysis of automobiles can not only shorten the research cycle, but also reduce the cost. In this paper, we summarized the current commercial electromagnetic compatibility simulation analysis software, analyzed the features and applied algorithms of each software, and gave the simulation examples of Ansoft HFSS and FEKO.

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Saxena, Shreyash, Mahesha G T, and Srinivas G. "Aerodynamic Drag Reduction of Commercial Ground Vehicles Using Numerical Techniques." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1100, no. 1 (2022): 012013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1100/1/012013.

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Abstract Automobiles of today warrants improved aerodynamic behaviour that results in low drag producing vehicles. Such optimally designed vehicles offer advantages such as better overall performance, desirable driveability, rapid response, improved stability and added fuel economy. In this paper, an attempt is made to accomplish lower drag coefficient by incorporating the dimples shape on the vehicle roof surface. Aerodynamic flow analysis was conducted with and without dimple shape effect on a bus truck trailer and commercial vehicles, using ANSYS Fluent software tool. Effect of different si

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Cai, Zengxiao, Md Abdullah Al Faruque, Alper Kiziltas, Deborah Mielewski, and Maryam Naebe. "Sustainable Lightweight Insulation Materials from Textile-Based Waste for the Automobile Industry." Materials 14, no. 5 (2021): 1241. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14051241.

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Globally, automotive manufacturers are looking for ways to produce environmentally sustainable and recyclable materials for automobiles to meet new regulations and customer desires. To enable the needs for rapid response, this study investigated the feasibility of using waste and virgin wool fibres as cost-effective and sustainable alternatives for automotive sound and heat insulation using a chemical-free approach. Several properties of the currently available commercial automotive insulators were investigated in order to facilitate the designing of green wool-based needle-punched nonwoven ma

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Sánchez-Sánchez, Nuria, and Adolfo Cosme Fernández Puente. "Collusive behaviour in the automobile sector in Spain. Quantifying consumer damages." Revista de Estudios Andaluces, no. 47 (2024): 98–118. http://dx.doi.org/10.12795/rea.2024.i47.05.

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On July 23, 2015, the Spanish National Markets and Competition Commission (CNMC) passed judgement (S/0482/13) against 20 automotive sector companies for alleged restrictive competition practices between March 2004 and August 2013. The exchange of information among the different companies would have had repercussions on the fixing of vehicle sale prices, homogenization of conditions and future commercial plans for the automobile sale and post-sale services in Spain. This paper estimates the loss suffered by consumers as a result of these collusive practices using the Before and After method. We

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Gontijo, R. M., L. M. Silva, and A. R. Pereira. "FUEL CELL: FEASIBILITY ANALYSIS OF ITS APPLICATION IN AUTOMOBILES." Revista de Engenharia Térmica 17, no. 1 (2018): 32. http://dx.doi.org/10.5380/reterm.v17i1.62256.

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The need to reduce the emission of harmful gases into human life, together with the dependence on oil as a primary source of fuel for internal combustion engines (ICE), are part of the current global scenario. This scenario opens space for fuel cells (FC), technology that generates electricity as the main product of oxide-reduction reactions between Hydrogen and Oxygen. An efficient and clean alternative that appears as a possibility for the substitution of ICE. The present article proposes a model of FC and compares it technically with a conventional ICE, in order to prove the efficiency, per

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Rao, Mohan D. "Recent applications of viscoelastic damping for noise control in automobiles and commercial airplanes." Journal of Sound and Vibration 262, no. 3 (2003): 457–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0022-460x(03)00106-8.

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Singaram, Lakshmanan. "Biodiesel: An eco-friendly alternate fuel for the future: A review." Thermal Science 13, no. 3 (2009): 185–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci0903185s.

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In today's society, researchers around the world are searching for ways to develop alternate forms of fuel. With the ever-rising fuel costs, developing alternate energy is a top priority. Biodiesel was developed to combat the high gas and oil prices. It is especially made for use in diesel cars and trucks. Biodiesel can be made from all natural foods that can produce oil. Oils such as vegetable, canola, peanut, rapeseed, palm, and olive oil can be used as bio diesel fuel. Virtually all oils that are used in the kitchens everyday can fuel automobiles. Biodiesel fuel is better for the environmen

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Vishwa Krishna., R., R. Suwathy., M. Pragadeesh., and M. Venkatesan. "Drag reduction in a class 8 truck - scaled down model." MATEC Web of Conferences 172 (2018): 01003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201817201003.

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Trucks are heavy load vehicles used mainly for commercial transport operations. There are several classes of heavy duty commercial vehicles classified based on the weight loaded. More than 50% of the engine output power in such trucks is utilized to overcome the drag. Drag force in automobiles is the resistance offered by air on vehicles at higher speeds. Class 8 trucks suffer higher drag when compared to other classes. In the present work, a numerical model is developed using a commercial code ANSYS FLUENT to predict the drag coefficient value. The effects of gap width and cab front radius wi

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Jun, Wang, and Ye Zhixian. "The Necessity and Feasibility of Usage-Based Insurance for New Energy Vehicles in China." Asian Journal of Economics, Business and Accounting 23, no. 24 (2023): 217–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ajeba/2023/v23i241199.

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Aims: With the continuous development and growth of China's new energy automobile market, new automobile owners desire exclusive auto insurance. However, most insurance companies use traditional automobile commercial auto insurance to cover them. Under this pricing model, there is little overall difference in premiums, regardless of whether the driver's driving behavior is good or not. This paper wants to implement usage-based insurance (UBI) in China because it can add more auxiliary pricing factors, adjust according to the driver's driving behavior changes, and make auto insurance pricing mo

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Nguyen, Thanh Cong. "Modeling and Calculating Vibration Characteristic of Car Body Assembled and Manufactured in Vietnam." Applied Mechanics and Materials 889 (March 2019): 315–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.889.315.

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In recently years, Automotive industry in Vietnam is a fast growing sector, mainly reliant on domestic produces, assembly and sales. There are some details of cars that have been modeled, calculated to research and fabricate. Body vibration of the vehicles is one of the criteria to evaluate quality in the process of manufacturing and assembling automobiles. There are so many factors affecting on vibration of vehicles, in that body structure is one of the main causes. Up to now, automobiles manufactured and assembled in Vietnam have not yet had specific evaluations and standards on vibration. D

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Terzi, Umit Kemalettin, Huseyin Enes Ilhan, Habib Kaymaz, Hasan Erdal, and Huseyin Çalik. "A Review of Commercial Electric Vehicle Charging Methods." PROMET - Traffic&Transportation 32, no. 2 (2020): 291–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.7307/ptt.v32i2.3252.

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Electric Vehicles (EVs) are rapidly becoming the forerunners of vehicle technology. First electric vehicles were overlooked because of not having adequate battery capacity and because of low efficiency of their electric motors. Developing semiconductor and battery technologies increased the interest in the EVs. Nevertheless, current batteries still have insufficient capacity. As a result of this, vehicles must be recharged at short distances (approximately 150 km). Due to scheduled departure and arrival times EVs appear to be more suitable for city buses rather than regular automobiles. Thanks

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Aljarrah, M., Elhachmi Essadiqi, D. H. Kang, and In Ho Jung. "Solidification Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Hot Rolled and Annealed Mg Sheet Produced through Twin Roll Casting Route." Materials Science Forum 690 (June 2011): 331–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.690.331.

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The use of wrought magnesium for automobile structural components is an important component of the mass reduction strategy for automobiles to improve their fuel efficiency. Compared to Direct chill casting, Twin Roll Casting (TRC) allows major reduction of hot rolling steps in the production of Mg sheet due to the thin thickness of the as-cast strip. This TRC route can substantially reduce the time and cost to produce Mg alloy sheet product. In this work, AZ31 magnesium alloy was casted to 5 and 6 mm thick strips under different process conditions. Microstructure of these strips was analyzed u

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Lee, Yousik, Samuel Woo, Jungho Lee, Yunkeun Song, Heeseok Moon, and Dong Hoon Lee. "Enhanced Android App-Repackaging Attack on In-Vehicle Network." Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing 2019 (February 3, 2019): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/5650245.

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The convergence of automobiles and ICT (information and communication technology) has become a new paradigm for the development of next-generation vehicles. In particular, connected cars represent the most in-demand automobile-ICT convergence technology. With the development of 5G technology, communication between vehicle and external device using autonomous driving and Internet of things (IoT) technology has been remarkably developed. Control of vehicles using smart phones has become a routine feature, and over 200 Android apps are in use. However, Android apps are easy to tamper by repackagi

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Dr., K. G. Prakash, C. Thotappa Dr., Md Ajmal S. Mr., and Rajesh J. Prof. "Fabrication of Car Front Bumper by the Hemp Fiber Reinforced Epoxy Hybrid Composites." Journal of Scholastic Engineering Science and Management 2, no. 10 (2023): 1–12. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8347354.

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<strong>The Commercial success of synthetic composites and its superior properties over green composites and parallel development of man made resins during and after World War II led to the mass production of Man made composites decreased in the uses of natural fibers. But ecological concerns of society made the researchers gain interest again in natural composites. Germany comes to the forefront for using green (natural) fibers in automobiles applications. A recent survey shows that the consumption of natural (green) fibers in the automotive industry increased from 9600 MT in 1999 to 19000 MT

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Chraibi, Manal. "Study on the relationship between the industrial sector of car manufacturing and the confidence of Moroccan citizens in Moroccan industry." African Scientific Journal Vol 3, N° 14 (2022): 270. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7263061.

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<strong>Résumé :</strong> La construction automobile est le secteur qui rassemble toute la production de véhicules de tourisme et de commerce. Dans le cadre de la stratégie industrielle "plan d'accélération industrielle du Maroc 2014-2020", l'industrie automobile marocaine est devenue le secteur d'exportation le plus important du pays. Outre les groupes automobiles multinationaux français Renault et PSA, un grand nombre des fournisseurs automobiles a également décidé de produire au Maroc. Comprenan

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Frankel, Ernst G. "The Path to U.S. Shipbuilding Excellence—Remaking the U.S. into a World-Class Competitive Shipbuilding Nation." Journal of Ship Production 8, no. 01 (1992): 13–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.5957/jsp.1992.8.1.13.

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U.S. shipbuilding has a unique opportunity now to reenter and compete profitably in world commercial shipbuilding. World shipbuilding demand is expanding rapidly and U.S. costs of most factors or inputs of production are today comparable to those of major shipbuilding countries. A path for regaining a U.S. commercial shipbuilding competitiveness is described and formal steps suggested which will be necessary to remake the U.S. into a world class shipbuilding nation. Many of the proposed steps will be painful, but similar steps have been taken by other U.S. industries, such as manufacturers of

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Vardanyan, Yeghiazar Vahram, Valerik Mamikon Harutyunyan, Karo Hakob Mosikyan, and Vladimir Sahidovich Koichev. "The Basics of Developing an Alternative Concept for Commercial and Military Vehicle Operation (Random Strategy)." Journal of Architectural and Engineering Research 1, no. 2 (2021): 62–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.54338/27382656-2021.2-4.

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The efficiency of commercial automobiles and wheeled military vehicles mainly depends on the choice of maintenance (M) and current repair (CR) concept. In the paper the difficulties of adapting the (M) and (CR) planning strategies to the structural characteristics of modern transport facilities are pointed out. The advantages of using the (M) and (CR) random strategy for transport facilities based on the stochastic nature of failures and malfunctions are substantiated. Considering the failures and malfunctions as random values and identifying the patterns of their distribution based on γ perce

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Wang, Qian, and Jinge Hu. "Behavioral Analysis of Decisions in Choice of Commercial Vehicular Mode in Urban Areas." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2269, no. 1 (2012): 58–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/2269-07.

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The decisions of vehicular mode choice by businesses and commercial sectors in urban areas are addressed with attention to the unique trip-chaining behavior of commercial vehicles. Travel diary data from a collection of large-scale commercial vehicles in the Denver, Colorado, metropolitan area were used for analysis. Four types of travel activities were surveyed: business meetings, pickup and drop-off of people, pickup and delivery of cargo, and service calls. The survey results indicated that automobiles, pickup trucks, sport utility vehicles, single-unit trucks, and combination trucks were t

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Sasaki, Teruyoshi, Yusuke Horino, Tadashi Ohtake, Kazufumi Ogawa, and Yoshifumi Suzaki. "A Highly Efficient Monolayer Pt Nanoparticle Catalyst Prepared on a Glass Fiber Surface." Catalysts 10, no. 5 (2020): 472. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal10050472.

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Over the past few years, various nanoparticle-supported precious metal-based catalysts have been investigated to reduce the emission of harmful substances from automobiles. Generally, precious metal nanoparticle-based exhaust gas catalysts are prepared using the impregnation method. However, these catalysts suffer from the low catalytic activity of the precious metal nanoparticles involved. Therefore, in this study, we developed a novel method for preparing highly efficient glass fiber-supported Pt nanoparticle catalysts. We uniformly deposited a single layer of platinum particles on the suppo

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Wang, Xingxing, Jiaying Ji, Junyi Li, Zhou Zhao, Hongjun Ni, and Yu Zhu. "Review and Outlook of Fuel Cell Power Systems for Commercial Vehicles, Buses, and Heavy Trucks." Sustainability 17, no. 13 (2025): 6170. https://doi.org/10.3390/su17136170.

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The power system, which is also one of the most crucial parts of fuel cell cars, marks the biggest distinction between them and conventional automobiles. Fuel cell hybrid power systems are reviewed in this paper along with their current state of research. Three different kinds of fuel cell hybrid power systems—fuel cell–battery, fuel cell–supercapacitor, and fuel cell–battery–supercapacitor—are thoroughly compared and analyzed, and they are systematically explained in the three areas of passenger cars, buses, and heavy duty trucks. Existing fuel cell hybrid systems and energy strategies are sy

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Wang, Yimai. "Application of Advanced Nanotechnology in Electric Vehicles." Highlights in Science, Engineering and Technology 46 (April 25, 2023): 8–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/hset.v46i.7657.

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This paper focuses on nanotechnology and its relative applications in electric vehicles. The main parts of the article explain the role of electric vehicles in affecting the markets nowadays. The purpose is to give a direction for developing electric vehicles for future commercial use and suggestions for correcting some problems during the expansion of the electric vehicle markets. Applications of nanotechnology on cars have already developed and continued quickly. Nanotechnology helps a lot more for electric vehicles due to the advanced technology used, and there are still many problems faced

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Kim, Junghyun, and Jung Hyun Choi. "Robust Position Control for an Electrical Automatic Transmission under Gear-Shifting Link Friction." Electronics 12, no. 21 (2023): 4404. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics12214404.

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The automotive industry is evolving, with software becoming a vital part of vehicles. Conventional automakers are shifting to software-centric entities, embracing over-the-air (OTA) updates and service-centric models. To move software-driven vehicles, the vehicle must also be electrified. Several automobile manufacturers are electrifying vehicle parts, and recently, a gear shift selector for automatic transmissions was adapted from mechanical to electronic. However, as conventional mechanical systems are modified to electrical systems, problems such as shift delay and accuracy emerge. This stu

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Ureta, Romnick M., Lenrah Rinna A. Mascariñas, and Dan Vincent M. Ong. "Fabrication of a Mechanical Special Service Tool for Fan Hub and Impeller Extraction on Automobile Cooling Pump System." American International Journal of Research in Science, Technology, Engineering & Mathematics 20, no. 1 (2017): 55–59. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1400865.

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Project Abstract The study fabricated a mechanical Special Service Tool (SST) for the extraction of fan hub and impeller of automobile cooling pump system that will help on car’s proper maintenance to address overheating of engines. The fabrication started from the metal flat bar with the nut at its middle most part with a rotating threaded bolt constructed and welded to the short metal tube where the bolt holder was inserted. The product was evaluated for standardized hardness and tested in car machine shops. The product has excellent levels on both durability and manageability wit

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Alkrides, Bander Fahad, Tracy Washington, Mark Limb, and Debra Cushing. "Assessing Walkability in Riyadh’s Commercial Streets: Public Perceptions and Prioritization." Sustainability 17, no. 13 (2025): 5748. https://doi.org/10.3390/su17135748.

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Urban sustainability is closely linked to walkability, as it impacts social interaction, public health, and economic development. In megacities like Riyadh, where automobiles dominate mobility, the development of pedestrian infrastructure remains inadequate. An online survey was conducted through public sampling to evaluate walking conditions in central Riyadh’s commercial districts. The 302 participants evaluated 49 critical walkability indicators to determine their significance and satisfaction with the current conditions. Gap analysis and a displeasure measurement framework identified pedes

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Benmelech, Efraim, Ralf R. Meisenzahl, and Rodney Ramcharan. "The Real Effects of Liquidity During the Financial Crisis: Evidence from Automobiles*." Quarterly Journal of Economics 132, no. 1 (2016): 317–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/qje/qjw031.

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Abstract Illiquidity in short-term credit markets during the financial crisis might have severely curtailed the supply of nonbank consumer credit. Using a new data set linking every car sold in the United States to the credit supplier involved in each transaction, we find that the collapse of the asset-backed commercial paper market reduced the financing capacity of such nonbank lenders as captive leasing companies in the automobile industry. As a result, car sales in counties that traditionally depended on nonbank lenders declined sharply. Although other lenders increased their supply of cred

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Messier, Russell. "Thin Film Deposition Processes." MRS Bulletin 13, no. 11 (1988): 18–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/s0883769400063879.

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Thin film materials pervade our everyday life as transparent conductors in LCD watches and computer displays and in defrosters for automobiles... antireflection coatings for camera lenses… optical fibers for communication … architectural glass coatings for both color and energy efficiency… solar cells… decorative coatings on plastics such as for toys and automobiles parts… a whole host of electronic and optoelectronic devices… hard coatings for cutting tools, drill bits, and bearings … even metallic coatings inside potato chip bags to keep the chips crisp!Without thin films our lifestyles woul

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Bauer, John T. "Navigating Without Road Maps: The Early Business of Automobile Route Guide Publishing in the United States." Proceedings of the ICA 1 (May 16, 2018): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/ica-proc-1-7-2018.

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In the United States, automobile route guides were important precursors to the road maps that Americans are familiar with today. Listing turn-by-turn directions between cities, they helped drivers navigate unmarked, local roads. This paper examines the early business of route guide publishing through the Official Automobile Blue Book series of guides. It focuses specifically on the expansion, contraction, and eventual decline of the Blue Book publishing empire and also the work of professional “pathfinders” that formed the company’s data-gathering infrastructure. Be- ginning in 1901 with only

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Kitazono, Koichi, Shiyue Guo, Ke Zhu, Takuya Hamaguchi, and Yuta Fujimori. "Energy Absorption of Additively Manufactured Porous Metals with Disordered Cells." Materials Science Forum 1016 (January 2021): 183–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.1016.183.

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Lightweight porous metals are focused on as energy absorbing materials for automobiles. Open-cell porous metals were manufactured through additive manufacturing process. Their cell structures were designed based on Voronoi diagrams using a commercial 3D-CAD software. Both ordered and disordered cell structures with the same porosities were successfully designed in this study. Compression tests and explicit finite element analysis revealed heterogeneous deformation behaviors in ordered porous metals. On the other hand, the porous metals with disordered cell structure showed relatively isotropic

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Oladele, I. O., A. A. Adediran, A. D. Akinwekomi, M. H. Adegun, O. O. Olumakinde, and O. O. Daramola. "Development of Ecofriendly Snail Shell Particulate-Reinforced Recycled Waste Plastic Composites for Automobile Application." Scientific World Journal 2020 (July 17, 2020): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/7462758.

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The increase in demand for thermoplastics as a light-weight material for automobile application and other commercial purposes prompts more research into the available polymer resources. In this research, the possibility of enhancing the performance of recycled waste plastics (RWP) as polymer-based composites was examined. Particulate snail shell was obtained by grounding and sieving snail shells to obtain 53–63 μm passing which was used as reinforcement in the recycled waste plastics. The composites were developed by adding varying proportions of the snail shell particulate (SSP) to RWP using

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Guthrie, Roderick I. L., and Mihaiela M. Isac. "Continuous Casting Practices for Steel: Past, Present and Future." Metals 12, no. 5 (2022): 862. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met12050862.

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This historical review of casting methods used to produce sheets of steel for automobiles, household products, rocket bodies, etc., all point toward the development of one-step commercial processes, which are capable of casting liquid steel directly into a final sheet product. Progress towards this goal is confirmed by successful advances being made, but there remain major difficulties in reaching it. We concur that the conventional continuous casting method remains the current process of choice for highest-quality steel sheet products, but the ESP TSC (Endless Strip Production—Thin Slab Caste

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Venukumar, S., S. Muthukumaran, and Y. Swaroop. "Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Refilled Friction Stir Spot Welding of Commercial Pure Aluminium." Materials Science Forum 765 (July 2013): 776–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.765.776.

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Aluminium and magnesium alloys are expected to make considerable contributions in reducing the weight of automobiles as they are increasingly used as an alternative to steel; improving fuel economy and vehicle performance while simultaneously reducing emissions. Higher electrical and thermal conductivities of these materials make them difficult to weld using existing resistance spot welding leading to high energy consumption. Friction stir spot welding has proven to be a better alternative to weld these materials. But a probe hole left behind is the main problem in conventional Friction Stir S

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Shreeshail Nuchhi and Somashekarappa M. "Hydrogen fuel cells for automobiles: Challenges and opportunities in achieving zero-emission transportation." World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews 18, no. 3 (2023): 1683–89. https://doi.org/10.30574/wjarr.2023.18.3.1042.

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Hydrogen fuel cell technology presents a promising solution for zero-emission transportation, offering high energy efficiency, rapid refueling, and a sustainable alternative to conventional internal combustion engines and battery electric vehicles. Unlike fossil fuel-powered vehicles, hydrogen fuel cells produce only water as a byproduct, significantly reducing greenhouse gas emissions and air pollutants. Additionally, fuel cells offer longer driving ranges and shorter refueling times compared to battery electric vehicles, making them an attractive option for various transportation sectors, in

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Hassan, Mohammad R., and Denis Rodrigue. "Application of Waste Tire in Construction: A Road towards Sustainability and Circular Economy." Sustainability 16, no. 9 (2024): 3852. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su16093852.

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The global demand for rubber is on a steady rise, which is driven by the increasing production of automobiles and the growing need for industrial, medical, and household products. This surge in demand has led to a significant increase in rubber waste, posing a major global environmental challenge. End-of-life tire (ELT) is a primary source of rubber waste, having significant environmental hazards due to its massive stockpiles. While landfilling is a low-cost and easy-to-implement solution, it is now largely prohibited due to environmental concerns. Recently, ELT rubber waste has received consi

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Rasani, Mohammad Rasidi, Mohammed Suleman Aldlemy, and Zambri Harun. "Fluid-structure interaction analysis of rear spoiler vibration for energy harvesting potential." Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Sciences 11, no. 1 (2017): 2415–27. https://doi.org/10.15282/jmes.11.1.2017.2.022.

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Increasing environmental and energy concerns constitutes an encouraging development of future automobiles and autonomous vehicles that utilize cleaner and renewable energy. Although primarily an aerodynamic device, car rear spoilers experience various vibrations and limited attention has been given to exploiting these vibrations for generating alternative energy. This paper aims to investigate the potential of using the flow-induced vibration of rear spoilers on automobiles for energy harvesting. To that end, a fluid-structure interaction analysis of an inverted NACA 2408 spoiler behind an Ahm

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Gunasegaram, Dayalan R., Michel Givord, and Robert G. O'Donnell. "ATM: A Greener Variant of High Pressure Die Casting." Materials Science Forum 618-619 (April 2009): 27–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.618-619.27.

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ATM high pressure die casting technology (ATM) is a variant of the traditional high pressure die casting (HPDC) process and is distinguishable by its characteristic lean runners that increase process yields. Reduced raw material consumption helps ATM leave a smaller footprint on the environment by lowering greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions during primary processing of the alloys and in their melting and handling in the foundry. Further avenues for reducing GHG emissions are raised by the use of ATM technology which improves the integrity of castings - facilitating the adoption of lighter weight c

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Ivers, Douglas, and Douglas LeRoy. "Improving vehicle performance and operator ergonomics: Commercial application of smart materials and systems." Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures 24, no. 8 (2012): 903–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1045389x12445630.

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This article will discuss how controllable material technology, such as the use of active magnetorheological dampers, improves primary and secondary suspensions of vehicle. Although relatively new to the marketplace, semiactive suspensions in commercial automobiles and off-highway vehicles have been proven through the use of active magnetorheological dampers since 1998. In fact, magnetorheological suspension dampers are found today on the commercial vehicles of an increasing number of automotive original equipment manufacturers and leading off-highway original equipment manufacturers. Magnetor

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Jones, David H. "SEMANTIC INTEGRATION OF EMBEDDED SYSTEMS DESIGN DATA IN AN INDUSTRIAL SETTING." Journal of Integrated Design and Process Science: Transactions of the SDPS, Official Journal of the Society for Design and Process Science 4, no. 2 (2000): 15–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/jid-2000-4202.

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Companies with complex, safety-critical products aircraft, power plants, automobiles, satellites, and spacecraft increasingly use computer-based models to design, analyze, and simulate the product. While model-based development has numerous, well documented benefits, the current practice has spawned significant new problems: large quantities of model data are locked in tool-proprietary representations, preventing efficient processes, limiting the choice of best-of-breed tools, and engendering inconsistent data. The paper describes an applied research prototype whose goal is to demonstrate effe

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Karopoulos, Georgios, Georgios Kambourakis, Efstratios Chatzoglou, José L. Hernández-Ramos, and Vasileios Kouliaridis. "Demystifying In-Vehicle Intrusion Detection Systems: A Survey of Surveys and a Meta-Taxonomy." Electronics 11, no. 7 (2022): 1072. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics11071072.

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Breaches in the cyberspace due to cyber-physical attacks can harm the physical space, and any type of vehicle is an alluring target for wrongdoers for an assortment of reasons. Especially, as the automobiles are becoming increasingly interconnected within the Cooperative Intelligent Transport System (C-ITS) realm and their level of automation elevates, the risk for cyberattacks augments along with the attack surface, thus inexorably rendering the risk of complacency and inaction sizable. Next to other defensive measures, intrusion detection systems (IDS) already comprise an inextricable compon

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Wang, Da Lei, Ai Rong Chen, and Hui Lin Ai. "Strategy on Improving Lateral Driving Stability of the Automobiles Passing by the Vicinity of A-Shaped Pylon of Zhengxin Yellow River Highway-Railway Bridge in Cross Wind." Advanced Materials Research 250-253 (May 2011): 1827–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.250-253.1827.

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Problem of lateral driving stability of the automobiles passing by the vicinity of pylons of cable-supported bridges in condition of strong cross wind exists obviously because of the alternative wind environment above the deck due to complex flow fluid around the pylon and the deck. Based on numerical wind tunnel technology, the numerical simulation investigation of alternating wind environment above the girder near A-shaped pylon for main span of the steel truss girder cable-stayed bridge of Zhengxin Yellow River Highway-railway Bridge is carried out, considering wind barrier set up on the de

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Yang, Fan, Deming Yang, Zhiming He, Yuanhua Fu, and Kui Jiang. "Automobile Fine-Grained Detection Algorithm Based on Multi-Improved YOLOv3 in Smart Streetlights." Algorithms 13, no. 5 (2020): 114. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/a13050114.

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Upgrading ordinary streetlights to smart streetlights to help monitor traffic flow is a low-cost and pragmatic option for cities. Fine-grained classification of vehicles in the sight of smart streetlights is essential for intelligent transportation and smart cities. In order to improve the classification accuracy of distant cars, we propose a reformed YOLOv3 (You Only Look Once, version 3) algorithm to realize the detection of various types of automobiles, such as SUVs, sedans, taxis, commercial vehicles, small commercial vehicles, vans, buses, trucks and pickup trucks. Based on the dataset UA

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Girimurugan, R., M. a. Logesh Kumar, B. Manikandan, C. Shilaja, and S. Mayakannan. "Static and Total Pressure Analysis of Three Way Catalytic Convertor Using CFD." ECS Transactions 107, no. 1 (2022): 7381–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/10701.7381ecst.

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Air pollution from automobiles both commercial and passenger vehicles push the research to make changes in catalytic convertor. Most of the commercial vehicles like coal transport and mineral transport trucks relay on diesel fuel in this regard, we consider the effects carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons that have not been burned, and nitrogen oxides. As a result of incomplete combustion, alcohols, aldehydes, and other partial oxidation products are released into the air. The whole process of this project is done with the help of CFD approach because it will reduce the material waste and we can opti

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Chang, Ching-Wen, Yun-Chung Hsiao, Yu-Hsin Hung, and Yu-Ju Horng. "P-019 ANTIMICROBIAL EFFECTS OF AUTOMOBILE SCREEN WASHES AGAINST LEGIONELLA PNEUMOPHILA." Occupational Medicine 74, Supplement_1 (2024): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/occmed/kqae023.0460.

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Abstract Introduction Legionella pneumophila (Lp), a human pathogen, has been detected in windscreen wiper fluid reservoirs (WWFRs) of automobiles where commercial screen washes (CSWs) are commonly added. When spraying Lp-contaminated windscreen wiper fluid (WWF) from WWFRs for windscreen cleaning, Lp bioaerosols may be generated and subsequently enter the interior space of automobiles, leading to Lp exposure and even legionellosis in drivers. Indeed, epidemiological studies reveal an increased risk of legionellosis in professional drivers. While limited information shows CSWs against plankton

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Syed Bahari, Syed Najib, and Wan Ahmad Wan Yusoff. "Quality Improvement in Three-Way Catalytic Converter (TWC) System Using Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA) Methodology." Applied Mechanics and Materials 165 (April 2012): 290–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.165.290.

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This paper intends to present the application of FMEA method on Three-Way Catalytic Converter (TWC) system. Catalytic converter of auto-exhaust emission is one of the most successful applications of heterogeneous catalysis, both in commercial and environmental point of view. FMEA method will be applied to this system to quantitatively determine and evaluate its risk factors. This method is being employed effectively for identifying and addressing what potentially could go wrong with a product or process. It is expected to enhance the lifetime of the TWC by improving its resistance to deactivat

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Kamau, Charles Guandaru, Gregory Simiyu Namusonge, and Walter Okibo Bichanga. "Creative Accounting among Corporations Listed in NSE: Sector Analysis." International Journal of Business & Management 4, no. 1 (2016): 161–68. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6850691.

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<em><strong>Abstract:</strong></em> <em>The raison d'être for this study was to analyse creative accounting vice among corporations listed in NSE in Kenya. Although creative accounting is an old practice, it still remains unresolved to date. The literature reviewed pointed to a possibility of creative accounting being practiced among major corporations in Kenya. The study population comprised 64 companies listed on NSE. A sample of 39 firms was selected for the survey and their financial statements for the year 2013 and 2014 analyzed. The data was analyzed on the basis of modified Jo

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ASHRAF, SHAIK. "DEVELOPMENT OF AUTOMATIC INDICATOR AND SAFETY DEVICE ON BIKE." International Scientific Journal of Engineering and Management 03, no. 04 (2024): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.55041/isjem01552.

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Bikes are most preferred vehicles due to low initial cost and maintenance. the commercial utilization of bikes with the introduction of Uber, Rapido, Ola etc is increased. Indicators- whether attached at the front, side or rear of the vehicle – provide information for other road users through their signals and are thus responsible for safety on the roads to a substantial extent. Negligence in using the indicators often leads to accidents. Which can be avoided by incorporating automatic indicators and safety cut-off switch for safety on commercial bikes. This project involves developing of auto

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