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Journal articles on the topic 'Commercial crimes – Prevention'
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1
Zvarygin, V. E., and A. S. Kondakov. "CRIMINAL LEGAL PROBLEMS OF BRINGING TO RESPONSIBILITY FOR CORRUPTION-RELATED CRIMES ON THE EXAMPLE OF COMMERCIAL BRIBERY." Bulletin of Udmurt University. Series Economics and Law 31, no. 4 (August 12, 2021): 647–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.35634/2412-9593-2021-31-4-647-653.
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The article provides a complete and comprehensive analysis of the norms of legislation regulating the issues of combating corruption crimes on the example of commercial bribery. Using the comparative legal method of scientific knowledge, the main national normative legal acts regulating the fight against corruption are analyzed. The provisions of federal laws and by-laws of state authorities regulating the issues raised are also analyzed. In addition, the analysis of the law enforcement practice of law enforcement agencies and courts responsible for the organization of work on the identification, prevention and suppression of corruption crimes, as well as carrying out criminal prosecution for their commission, is carried out. The article also reveals law enforcement and other problems of bringing to criminal responsibility for commercial bribery, mediation in commercial bribery and small-scale commercial bribery, a criminal-legal analysis of these types of crimes by their elements is carried out. Based on the results of the analysis, proposals are formulated aimed at further improving the regulatory framework concerning the issues of countering corruption crimes.
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Kobetc, Peter. "Improving the theoretical and organizational foundations for preventing crimes in the field of economic security is an essential element related to ensuring the national security of the country." National Security and Strategic Planning 2020, no. 4 (January 20, 2021): 5–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.37468/2307-1400-2021-2020-4-5-11.
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The relevance of the research is due to the fact that the issues of countering crimes in the economic sphere have been sufficiently studied in the domestic and foreign literature, but it should be noted that most of these studies were conducted at the beginning of the new Millennium and they did not take into account some modern features. In particular, the study showed that most of the authors of the issues under consideration studied individual measures to prevent offenses in the economic sphere, among which, as a rule, measures of a General social preventive nature were studied, in some cases, special criminological measures applied by law enforcement officers were studied. At the same time, it is impossible not to say that these employees had the opportunity to effectively prevent the crimes in question, provided that the period of centralized economic processes. In the course of the research, the author comes to the conclusion that in the conditions of the beginning of the third Millennium of the XXI century, these subjects of preventive influence can only implement minor measures to prevent the acts in question. On a very large scale, employees of other state bodies and commercial organizations can counteract the crimes in question. The novelty of this research is the analysis of the theoretical and organizational foundations for the prevention of crimes in the field of economic security, which are the most important element in ensuring the national security of the Russian Federation. A number of other provisions of the study are also new. The practical significance of this work is the possibility of using its basic results to improve the theoretical and organizational foundations in the process of preventing economic crimes.
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Zainal, Rafidah, Ayub Md Som, and Nafsiah Mohamed. "A REVIEW ON COMPUTER TECHNOLOGY APPLICATIONS IN FRAUD DETECTION AND PREVENTION." Management and Accounting Review (MAR) 16, no. 2 (December 31, 2017): 59. http://dx.doi.org/10.24191/mar.v16i2.671.
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Since the advancement in computer technology, fraud has become one of the high risk crimes in the world which needs urgent detection and prevention at early stage. Nowadays, different kinds of fraud exist in commercial areas namely; credit card, healthcare insurance, online reviews, telecommunications, automobile, etc. Fraud can also happen internally and externally in an organisation. In internal fraud an employee commits it individually, whereas the external fraud involves a wide range of schemes including a third party. Therefore, a detection and prevention mechanism system in the form of computer software is essential in preventing fraud so as to curb further financial losses. The aim of this paper is to critically review the use of computer technology to detect and prevent fraud in selected areas. Recent computer platforms used as a tool to develop fraud detection and prevention system are namely; spreadsheets, big data, forensic analytics, text analytics and expert systems. Based on the review, expert systems have been found to be the best option used as a future tool to curb fraud. The opportunities from this review may allow others to explore more on the technology implemented so as to improve fraud detection and prevention in the future.
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Iqbal, Zahid, and Rehan Aslam. "A Qualitative Perspective of Practical Implication of Forensic Accounting for Fraud Detection and Prevention in Pakistan." RMC Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities 1, no. 1 (June 26, 2020): 23–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.46256/rmcjsochum.v1i1.22.
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The staple objectives of this study are to determine the importance and worth of forensic accounting in the context of Pakistan. Accounting frauds are increasing day by day, especially in the commercial sector of Pakistan. In the majority of Pakistani companies' accountants are inexperienced and nonprofessional and unable to understand the new financial reporting standard that becomes a cause of enhancing accounting frauds. This study followed a qualitative approach to collect data through interviews from both participants, including academicians and practitioners who are working in a prestigious academic institution and business organization where the concept of forensic accounting is taught and implemented with the right letter and spirit. Finding have been derived by transcribing data through coding and taking essential themes regarding the practical implementation of forensic accounting practices in Pakistan by using NVIVO software. The findings of the study indicated that forensic accounting scope is broad, especially regarding the increasing ratio of white-collar crimes and digital crimes, and in a near-future lot of opportunities will be arises in Pakistan in the context of forensic accounting. Both academicians and practitioners agreed that the importance of forensic accounting could not be overlooked, especially concerning digital and white-collar frauds both in the private sector and public sector organizations.
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Khalifa, Nasser AL-Dosari. "CYBERCRIME: THEORETICAL DETERMINANTS, CRIMINAL POLICIES, PREVENTION & CONTROL MECHANISMS." International Journal of Technology and Systems 5, no. 1 (September 10, 2020): 34–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.47604/ijts.1133.
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Purpose: The research aimed to explore the theoretical determinants of cybercrime in Qatar and assess how it can be prevented and minimised.
Methodology: This was done using the mixed method research design through the survey strategy and semi-structured interviews with experts in the field of cybercrime in Qatar. Having adopted a mixed-method research methodology, the study had a target population of 200 participants for questionnaire survey, while expert interview had a target population of 11 experts. All these participants were purposively sampled in pursuit of engaging respondents who had knowledge, experience and expertise in cybercrime, such as IT experts and professionals working on cyber security solutions, Lawyers, police officers working in cybercrime department in Qatar, and lawyers who had dealt with cybercrime. The results of the survey were quantified using the Likert scale and analysed quantitatively by the factor analysis, and frequency tables. The results of the interviews were analysed qualitatively.
Findings: The results of the survey revealed that the most typical types of cybercrime in Qatar include website hacking, email cyberattacks, and online banking cyberattacks. The predominant motive for cybercrime in the country is monetary gains. However, the findings from the logistic regression analysis reveal that different types of cybercrime are associated with different determinants, and online banking crimes are predominantly driven by monetary gains. Moreover, the findings from IT experts interviewed revealed various measures can be adopted as control measures of cybercrime activities and hazards, such as development of stronger networks by commercial companies to protect their cyber assets and use of up-to-date protective software that detect and ensures complete data security.
Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: Further, the findings, in relation to the effective methods and mechanisms for preventing cybercrime, suggest that it can be reduced through the spread of awareness among people and companies and through the adoption of preventive control mechanisms. Further, the study recommends that governments should formulate and implement legislations aimed at enhancing stringent measures of combating and dealing with cybercrime in convergence with international standards and practices. Besides, companies should adopt technological cybersecurity solutions to enhance effective protection of intellectual property, intrusion, and malicious damage of data as well as other cyber-related crimes.
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Melnychuk, V. "COMMERCIAL SEXUAL EXPLOITATION OF CHILDREN: INTERNATIONAL LAW." Bulletin of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. Social work, no. 3 (2018): 10–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2616-7786.2018/3-1/2.
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The article deals with the concept of commercial sexual exploitation of children. The forms of commercial sexual exploitation of children, among that there is child's prostitution, child's pornography, trading in children, child's sex-tourism, early marriage, are described. International documents, that regulate a legislation in relation to crimes, children related to commercial sexual exploitation, are considered. Work of ungovernmental organizations, that conduct active activity in relation to defence and help to the children that suffered from sexual violence, is described. It is noted that the fight against commercial sexual exploitation of children with sexual violence against children should be conducted, in addition to international, national and local levels. The principles of the legal principles and standards that should guide children's strategies and practices, including advocacy for the prevention of violence and measures to protect all children from all forms of violence are described. The economic, social and cultural rights that contain the provision according to which children should be protected from economic and social exploitation are indicated. It has been determined that commercial sexual exploitation of children is a violation of the rights of the child, which is considered as a subject of sex and the subject of trade; and includes sexual abuse of the child or exploitation of the child by an adult, as well as payment in cash or in kind. It has been established that the development of legislation and recognition of the problem of sexual exploitation and sexual abuse of children at the national and international levels will be an impetus in combating the commercial sexual exploitation of children. It has been stressed that commercial sexual exploitation of children in many countries is particularly dangerous criminal activity, violating the rights of the child.
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Lee, Youngchoel. "Countermeasures of the Commercial Law and related Laws for the Prevention of Corporate Crimes - Focusing on the Internal Control System and Punitive Damages." Gachon Law Review 11, no. 4 (December 31, 2018): 187–222. http://dx.doi.org/10.15335/glr.2018.11.4.007.
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Maha Rani, Dewanti Arya, I. Nyoman Gede Sugiartha, and Ni Made Sukaryati Karma. "Uang Virtual (Cryptocurrency) Sebagai Sarana Tindak Pidana Pencucian Uang dalam Perdagangan Saham." Jurnal Konstruksi Hukum 2, no. 1 (March 1, 2021): 19–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.22225/jkh.2.1.2961.19-23.
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The continuation of the electronic media that is widely discussed today is virtual money, commonly known as cryptocurrency. Cryptocurrency can also be referred to as an unformed commercial object; actually in digital form which can be used in electronic transactions. This study aims to analyze the existence of virtual money (cryptocurrency) in stock trading in Indonesia and to find out the responsibilities of money laundering offenders who use virtual money (cryptocurrency) in stock trading. The research method used is normative legal research. The results show that the existence of virtual money (cryptocurrency) in stock trading in Indonesia when used as currency unification, transact, trade or as a means of payment with businesses in this case, especially stock trading in Indonesia can be said to be invalid in terms of Law Number 7. 2011 concerning Currency. Users of virtual money (cryptocurrency) in Indonesia are quite widely used in business, which can be seen in Indonesia itself that virtual money (cryptocurreny) such as Bitcoin and Centcoin are circulating. Then, the responsibility of the perpetrators of money laundering who use virtual money (Cryptocurrency) in stock trading, where this action has a very negative impact on the Indonesian State, especially in terms of business because people who have committed these crimes take advantage of technological advances unwise so that the perpetrators can be ensnared based on Law No. 8 of 2010 concerning the prevention and eradication of the crime of money laundering.
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Musaddiq, Nur Wahid. "TINJAUAN KRIMONOLOGI EKSPLOITASI SEKSUAL PADA ANAK." Bilancia: Jurnal Studi Ilmu Syariah dan Hukum 13, no. 2 (December 30, 2019): 305–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.24239/blc.v13i2.497.
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Sexual exploitation of children is a violation of children in the form of sexual violence committed by adults by giving rewards to children, or a third person, or other people who make children treated as sexual and commercial objects. This is forced labor and modern slavery of children because children often experience physical violence and trauma. Factors that cause sexual exploitation of children in Makassar City are environmental factors, technological factors and factors, economic factors, lack of understanding of religion and prevention efforts are carried out in two ways, namely pre-emptive, preventive and repressive measures. Recommendations that the government and the whole community participate in preventing sexual exploitation of children. Efforts that can be done by the community is if there is anything suspicious and should be suspected as a crime of sexual exploitation, the community must report to the authorities so that it can be followed up.
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Fauzi, Ahmad, and T. Riza Zarzani. "THE DEVELOPMENT OF CHILD SEX EXPLOITATION COMMERCIAL (CSEC) “RESPONSE MODEL IN MEDAN CITY”." Journal of Community Research and Service 1, no. 2 (March 29, 2018): 83. http://dx.doi.org/10.24114/jcrs.v1i2.9342.
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Abstract The Child of Sex Exploitation Commercial (CSEC) is a fundamental violation of the rights of children. The violation is sexual violence by an adult with a gift to a child, or a third person, or other persons. Simply put, children are treated as sexual and commercial objects. This is a manifestation of forced labor and modern slavery, because not a few children are forced and subjected to physical violence and trauma. The purpose of this study is to examine the legal arrangements for the sexual exploitation of children in Indonesia, to examine and analyze prevention and mitigation of CSEC in Medan City, and to examine barriers to prevention and overcoming of CSEC and how to overcome it. This study uses sociological juridical approach that comes from primary data and secondary data. Data were collected through document studies and interviews conducted to Medan City Center for Childhood Study and Protection (PKPA) staff. The results of the study indicate that the legal arrangement of CSEC in Indonesia is conducted by stipulating several regulations, firstly, Child Protection Act No. 23 of 2002 and the Law on Eradication of Human Trafficking Crime Number 21 of 2007, besides Indonesia has ratified the UN Convention on Human Rights Rights of the Child (CRC) through Presidential Decree No. 36 of 1990. Efforts made to prevent and control the CSEC in Medan City, namely: to socialize in cooperation with various agencies to conduct prevention and prevention of criminal act in the city of Medan CSEC; building networks with various non-governmental organizations and with various institutions to give birth to Regional Regulation (Perda) Number 6 of 2004 on the Elimination of Trafficking in North Sumatra, making efforts of legal advocacy and advocacy from the Prosecutor to the Court; provide assistance to rehabilitate the physical and psychological child victims of CSEC (counseling and medical) and provide safe homes for children. Obstacles in preventing and preventing CSEC in Medan are: legislation that has not been specifically set CSEC, social, economic and psychological factors such as the attitude of community permissive or ignorance of CSEC issues, closed or complicated bureaucracy.Keywords: Efforts, Countermeasures, CSEC
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Parent, Georges-André. "Les médias : source de victimisation." Criminologie 23, no. 2 (August 16, 2005): 47–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/017294ar.
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With the advent of the Bill of Rights, making the offender less accessible, journalists are falling back more than ever on the victim to feed their daily tales of victimization. The author analyses the various forms this source of victimization takes; for some victims, they are generally crimes that are spectacular and violent, and are often perpetrated against the most susceptible and vulnerable victims. Each type of media (radio, dailies, weeklies, television) represents a particular way of adding to the suffering of the victim, and each has its way of “exploiting” the victim. The victim becomes a tool of the media, both commercially and ideologically, often with the connivance of the police, who also uses the victim for its purposes. The victim is portrayed in stereotype, according to the type of victimization reported and the offender implicated, creating a guilty or innocent victim, and literally depriving him of his own account of his victimization to make it an object of curiosity that sells well. Finally, the author analyzes how the police and the media, by interaction, can exploit the victim under the pretext of prevention or crime control and even through certain phenomena such as the reporting of crime waves promoting fear of crime. The article concludes that the media should have more respect for victims of crime.
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Aliyev, Nazim, and Andrey Borbat. "Transnational Organized Crime in the Era of Globalization." Russian Journal of Criminology 14, no. 3 (June 30, 2020): 431–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.17150/2500-4255.2020.14(3).431-440.
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The authors analyze versatile manifestations of globalization, the internationalization of the global community development in the modern technogenic conditions, and conclude that these processes lead not only to positive, but, unfortunately, also to negative consequences. Specifically, they focus on the qualitative and quantitative changes in the heterogeneous structure of the so-called transnational organized crime. It is claimed that the most dangerous of them are cybercrimes, drug-related crimes, and human trafficking, which became the object of theoretical and empirical research. The study of international and national materials made it possible to apply a multi-aspect approach to the analysis of the normative basis and statistical data in this sphere. The authors identify the trends and regularities in the development of modern drug-related crimes in the plain of global and local socio-political, economic and legal phenomena; they also identify the priorities for the work of government bodies, including law enforcement agencies, aimed at counteracting these crimes. For cybercrimes, the authors outline the scope of the most dangerous types of illegal activities against national and economic security of states, against the rights and freedoms of their citizens; primarily, they single out the spread of terrorist threats, fraud related to financial and commercial information, personal data, etc. They analyze the clauses of the basic international normative legal act on counteracting cybercrime - the Budapest Convention of the Council of Europe - and pay special attention to the differentiation of crimes while taking into account this type of illegal activity, as well as the enforcement of the Convention in modern conditions. The essence of international terrorism is determined based on the statistical data and their correlation in one or another state; ideologically radical worldviews, separatism, personal ambitions of modern elites are recognized to be key prerequisites for this work. It is claimed that, as a type of transnational crime, global human trafficking is rather dangerous for modern society because of its considerable latency; its manifestations are described, it is also noted that a complex of preventive measures should be implemented at the international and national levels. The authors conclude that transnational crime is an urbanized deeply interconnected phenomenon that does not exist in a pure form and requires highly coordinated large-scale actions from the global and the national communities, as well as adequate professional training of law enforcement employees.
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Panov, A. Yu. "Topical issues of interaction between operational units of internal affairs bodies and tax authorities in the process of combating tax crimes." Institute Bulletin: Crime, Punishment, Correction 13, no. 2 (July 19, 2019): 207–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.46741/2076-4162-2019-13-2-207-212.
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Criminal law response is not the main but rather effective means of counteracting economic crime. In this regard modern society is feeling an acute need for high-quality regulatory regulation defining certain types of economic crimes and measures of state coercion used for their perpetration. To solve this problem it is necessary to conduct research on the social and legal content of certain types of tax crimes, complex rules for constructing the compositions of these acts and the specifics of technical and legal registration of the relevant provisions of the Special Part of the Criminal Code. To achieve this goal in modern criminal law science separate groups of economic crimes are singled out as an object of study: economic, tax, credit, monopolistic, etc. In modern conditions the need for proper protection of financial relations, including criminal and legal means, becomes indisputable. However a number of relevant norms of the Criminal Code, as well as the practice of their implementation, cannot be considered satisfactory in terms of compliance with the rules of legislative technology, the validity of the differentiation of responsibility enshrined in them and, as a result, the effectiveness of the implementation of the preventive task of criminal law. Qualitative norms of criminal law, ensuring the protection of financial relations, are an important condition for the proper counteraction to crime in the tax sphere, carried out by the state in the person of investigative and judicial bodies. Representatives of commercial and other organizations as well as other economic entities are no less interested in ensuring the high quality of these criminal law norms, since it acts as the legal basis for business security from unreasonable procedural decisions. In the article taking into account modern features of legislation and law enforcement practice aspects affecting the efficiency of the organization of interaction between operational units of the law enforcement bodies and tax authorities in the process of counteracting tax crime have been considered. The typical algorithms of joint work of these subjects the problems that arise and the most promising ways to solve them are shown.
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Bidabad, Bijan. "Fluctuations and Business Cycles Prevention by New Financial Instruments and Banking Structure Reform." International Journal of Accounting & Finance Review 4, no. 1 (June 1, 2019): 35–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.46281/ijafr.v4i1.282.
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Regarding the formation of financial crises in monetary and financial markets of advanced economies and its transmission to other countries through financial markets and foreign trade, a solution is pointed out which is called the reform of financial, monetary and banking structure. In spite of various theories about the source of crises, studies in this field show that usurious banking structures are the main source of crises. The curing method of this economic disease is to prevent somehow the existing time-lag between “deposits interest rates” and “loans interest rates”, which creates fluctuations in supply and demand of financial sources. That is to say, banks should not function as a conventional economic firm, but should function as a financial intermediate. Banking structural reform and new financial instruments will be introduced in this regard.Profit and Loss Sharing (PLS) Banking and its sub-systems as Joaleh Financial Sharing (JFS) and Mudarebeh Financial Sharing (MFS) with new financial instruments of “Partnership (Mosharekah) Certificate”, “Subscripted (Pazireh) Certificates” and “Future Certificate” are introduced at commercial and specialized banking levels. “Interest-Free Bonds” in four different groups of “Central Bank Interest-free Bonds”, “Banking Interest-free Bonds”, “Treasury Interest-free Bonds” all in varieties on domestic money and Foreign Currency are also introduced which in addition to elimination of usury, can be efficiently used as secure financial instruments at central, commercial and retail banking levels. “Saving Qarzul-Hasanah Certificate” as a kind of Interest-Free Bonds are also introduced. Non-Usury Script-less Security Settlement System (NSSSS) based on information and communication technology has been put forward for creating a secondary market of financial instruments transaction which provides the necessary background for financial structure reform. Squandering prevention and waste prevention and economic ethic teachings are also introduced as supplements in solving crises.
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SIDOROVA, Ekaterina Zakarievna, Alexey Mikhailovich VASILIEV, Sergei Igorevich PELEVIN, Vladimir Viktorovich TARUBAROV, and Viktoria Yurievna OKRUZHKO. "Safety Issues of the Russian Educational System." Journal of Advanced Research in Law and Economics 11, no. 1 (March 31, 2020): 187. http://dx.doi.org/10.14505//jarle.v11.1(47).22.
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The authors of the research states that the educational system is very fragile and requires maximum protection from various threats and challenges, including those of criminal nature. Such threats comprise education workers’ crimes as well. The authors analyze qualitative and quantitative indicators of such crimes and provides the official statistics that characterize the crimes committed by teaching staff and other workers of the educational sphere. The authors pay special attention to the following corruption crimes: receiving bribes, fraud, misappropriation, and embezzlement committed by the educational sphere workers. Other types of corruption crimes in the field of education are less common; they are commercial bribery, giving bribes, mediation in bribery, legalization (laundering) of money or other property acquired by criminal means. The authors note that the official statistics indicate the formation of a trend towards a decrease in recorded crimes in the educational sector in the current period. In 2013, there were 1,344 cases of bribes received by education workers, whereas in 2017, only 329 such crimes were committed according to the official data. In this case, the rate of these crimes is decreased by minus 76%. According to the authors, such a significant reduction in indicators can be explained by various hypotheses that are presented in this study. In addition, the article states that as a result of committing criminal acts, the educational system suffers material damage in the amount of about 40 million rubles annually. At the same time, modern statistical reporting does not contain information about other types of harm to the educational environment, which does not always reflect modern realities. In conclusion, the authors states that despite all preventive measures, crimes are still committed in the educational environment, which indicates the need to develop new approaches to the issue of combating crimes committed by education workers.
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Denegri, Fabiola, and Judith Ley-García. "Crime against Businesses: Temporal Stability of Hot Spots in Mexicali, Mexico." ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 10, no. 3 (March 17, 2021): 178. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi10030178.
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In developing countries, crime is a serious problem that affects the operation and viability of firms. Offenses such as vandalism, robbery, and theft raise the operating costs of firms and imposes on them indirect costs. The literature on spatial analysis of crime is vast; however, relatively little research has addressed business crime, especially in developing countries’ cities. Spatial and temporal analysis of crime concentration represents a basic input for the design and implementation of appropriate prevention and control strategies. This article explores the spatial concentration and stability of thefts committed against commercial establishments in the city of Mexicali, Mexico, from 2009 to 2011 using the Gini coefficient, Lorenz curve, and decile maps. Results revealed that thefts were highly concentrated in a small percentage of urban basic geostatistical areas. Moreover, a portion of these areas were classified as having the highest deciles of thefts (hot spots) and remained in this group throughout the period. In both cases, the relationship between crime and place was close to the 80/20 rule, or the Pareto principle.
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Zagaris, Bruce. "The rising tide of commercial fraud and its implications in preventing and combatting transnational crime." Trends in Organized Crime 2, no. 3 (March 1997): 17–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02901595.
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Petrossian, Gohar A., and Frank S. Pezzella. "IUU Fishing and Seafood Fraud: Using Crime Script Analysis to Inform Intervention." ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 679, no. 1 (August 20, 2018): 121–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0002716218784533.
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Illegal, unreported, and unregulated (IUU) fishing is a serious global environmental crime. It can lead to the collapse of important fisheries and the destruction of marine habitats, and it also directly threatens the food security and economies of developing countries, affecting millions of people who depend on fisheries for survival. IUU fishing also undermines the sustainability of seafood stocks of many developed countries and directly impacts these countries’ legal commercial fishing industries. Several regulatory mechanisms have been put in place at international, regional, and country levels to address the problem, but the implementation of these regulations remains a challenge. This article examines the problem of IUU fishing and seafood fraud through the application of the crime script analysis technique to (1) describe IUU fishing and seafood fraud, (2) highlight the regulations designed to address IUU fishing and seafood fraud, and (3) offer recommendations that link piecemeal and grand crime prevention policy responses to strategies that could be used by practitioners to address these problems more effectively.
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Saragai, Yoko, and Shinji Hira. "Examination of in-store crime prevention measures for employees of commercial facilities: Comparison of job officer and employee." Proceedings of the Annual Convention of the Japanese Psychological Association 83 (September 11, 2019): 3C—042–3C—042. http://dx.doi.org/10.4992/pacjpa.83.0_3c-042.
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Kaban, Andreas Teguhta, Aulia Rosa Nasution, and Ridho Mubarak. "Tinjauan Yuridis Terhadap Tindak Pidana Perdagangan Orang Oleh Penyedia Jasa Pekerja Seks Komersial (Studi Putusan Nomor 741/Pid.Sus/2016/PN. Mdn)." JUNCTO: Jurnal Ilmiah Hukum 2, no. 2 (September 11, 2020): 181–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.31289/juncto.v2i2.327.
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The crime of trafficking in persons (human trafficking) is a very complex crime so it is difficult to eradicate. However, attention to trafficking in persons is more focused on women as vulnerable groups in this discussion (women trafficking). The purpose of this study is to see more clearly that there is still a link between the crime of commercial sex worker service providers with the crime of trafficking in persons. The method of approach that the authors take in this research is descriptive qualitative. The underlying factors are economic, family, religious, lack of awareness, the desire to get rich quickly. The legal provisions in Law Number 21 of 2007 concerning the Criminal Act of Trafficking in Persons have been supplemented with implementing regulations, namely Government Regulation Number 9 of 2008 concerning Procedures and Mechanisms for Integrated Services for Witnesses and / or Victims of Trafficking in People in Article 1 paragraph 1 and Presidential Regulation No. 69/2008 concerning the Prevention and Handling of Criminal Acts of Trafficking in Persons Article 4. Legal Analysis that the Defendant is proven guilty of committing a crime "intentionally as a livelihood or habit of committing or facilitating obscene acts with others" and the Defendant has become a pimp by providing women who are trafficked for sexual services so that the Defendant benefits from these actions.
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Ha, Mi-Kyoung, and Hyo-Chang Lee. "A Study on Crime Prevention Through Environmental Planning of Urban Mixed-use Commercial Facilities - Focused on the Users' Consciousness -." Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal 24, no. 3 (June 30, 2015): 3–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.14774/jkiid.2015.24.3.003.
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Vuohelainen, Minna. "‘[B]etween power and the people’: Journalist-Investigators in Nordic Crime Fiction." Crime Fiction Studies 1, no. 1 (March 2020): 59–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/cfs.2020.0007.
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Recent Nordic crime fiction contains numerous amateur detectives who are professional journalists. Their presence is partly explained by the shared roots and formal affinities of crime reportage and crime fiction, and by the journalistic backgrounds of many Nordic crime writers. However, the rise of the journalist-investigator as a rival to traditional police detectives is also a mark of growing distrust in the competence of the Nordic welfare state and its officials. Nordic journalist-investigators are typically crusading reporters motivated by a desire to uncover and prevent social injustice, including the neglect and abuse of vulnerable social groups by absent, incompetent or corrupt public officials. In acting as moral guardians of social justice, journalist-investigators carry out the principle of the press as a fourth estate, designed to check state power by publicising abuses of authority, and signal a possible shift from the welfare state towards a civil society. However, this role is also compromised by the ethical dilemmas journalist-investigators face between the demands of uncovering information, protecting vulnerable witnesses, informing the public, preventing crime and meeting commercial imperatives. These conflicts spotlight troubling tendencies within crime fiction and crime reportage: both kinds of writing are underpinned by a narrative structure of anticipation, suspense and dramatic revelation and premised upon the reader's voyeuristic investment in sensational subjects.
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Tariq Hyatt Butt. "Reviews : Commercial Robbery - Offenders' Perspectives on Security and Crime Prevention Martin Gill Blackstone Press, 2000; pp197; £19.95, pbk ISBN 1841741507." Probation Journal 47, no. 4 (December 2000): 289. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026455050004700420.
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Ditton, Jason. "Commercial Robbery: Offenders' Perspectives on Security and Crime Prevention. By Martin Gill (London: Blackstone Press, 2000. x + 206pp. £19.95 pb)." British Journal of Criminology 41, no. 1 (January 2001): 204–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/bjc/41.1.204.
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Mastronardi, Vincenzo. "Criminology and situational prevention." Rivista di Psicopatologia Forense, Medicina Legale, Criminologia 22, no. 1-2-3 (December 27, 2017): 31–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/psyco.2017.11.
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The present work brings to light a criminology and a preventative system from a less classic perspective, which does not aim to explain the criminal or the reasons why the act is committed, but rather a theoretical overview that focuses on the setting of the offense and the environmental opportunities that the criminal has taken to commit him. Situational Crime Prevention places attention and works on a set of public and private facilities (such as schools, hospitals, transport systems, shops, shopping malls, small businesses, telephone companies, parks, clubs, entertainment venues, bars and parkings) that create conditions, actions and performance that are potentially suitable and fertile for delinquency. ---------- Il presente lavoro porta alla luce una criminologia e un sistema preventivo letti da una prospettiva meno classica, che non si pone l’obiettivo di spiegare il criminale o le ragioni per cui l’atto illecito viene compiuto, bensì tratta una panoramica teorica che si focalizza sul setting del reato e sull’opportunità ambientale che il reo ha colto per commetterlo. Ecco che le Prevenzione Situazionale Criminologica attenziona e va ad operare su un insieme di strutture pubbliche e private (quali scuole, ospedali, sistemi di trasporto, negozi, centri commerciali, piccola imprenditoria, compagnie telefoniche, parchi, locali, luoghi di divertimento, bar e parcheggi) che vanno a creare circostanze, azioni e prestazioni, tutte potenzialmente idonee e fertili per la realizzazione di delinquenza. ---------- El presente trabajo saca a la luz una criminología y un sistema preventivo leídos desde una perspectiva menos clásica, que no pretende explicar el criminal o las razones por las cuales se comete el acto, sino que trata de una visión teórica que enfoca en el escenario de la ofensa y en la oportunidad ambiental que el rey ha capturado para cometerla. Prevención Situacional Criminológica atrae y opera en un conjunto de instalaciones públicas y privadas (como escuelas, hospitales, sistemas de transporte, tiendas, centros comerciales, pequeñas empresas, compañías telefónicas, parques, clubes, lugares de entretenimiento, bares y aparcamientos) que crean condiciones, acciones y rendimiento, todos potencialmente aptos y fértiles para el propósito de la delincuencia.
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Min, Young Hee, Ju-Young Kwon, and Mi-Kyoung Ha. "Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design of Underground Parking in Commercial Facilities - Field survey of Underground Parking Spaces in Department stores, Large Discount Mart and Mixed Used Commercial Facilities -." Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal 25, no. 3 (June 30, 2016): 129–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.14774/jkiid.2016.25.3.129.
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Martin-Moreno, José Mª. "COVID-19 crisis: epidemiological and social perspective of an unprecedented pandemic in our lives." ANALES RANM 137, no. 137(02) (September 30, 2020): 104–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.32440/ar.2020.137.02.rev02.
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Increasing globalization drives complex human, biological and commercial interactions that affect the way we live and get sick. The pandemic risk that has appeared with the COVID-19 had already been anticipated by many institutions and experts, yet our governments and decision-makers have not prepared themselves sufficiently. This has meant that the devastating epidemic we have suffered has caught our entire system off guard. The SARS in 2003 and the MERS in 2012 were previous warnings of coronavirus mutations that presented a worrying infectivity and lethality, although they managed to be controlled with public health measures. On this occasion, the arrogance of many of our countries has meant that although the pandemic was coming progressively and announced, we did not do enough to prepare and strengthen the health system and public health. In this paper, we basically review the etiological agent, the incubation period, the mechanisms of transmission, the risk factors, the summarized clinical manifestations, the epidemiological analysis of the situation (including incidence or new cases, mortality and lethality, and estimating the excess mortality associated with the COVID-19), and the confinement and gradual stages of de-escalation. From the social point of view, the vulnerable groups that have been particularly affected by COVID-19 in Spain are identified. The article concludes by reviewing preventive medicine and public health measures in the face of COVID-19. This is articulated through the measures of basic hygiene and to investigate what we can expect from primary prevention through the mechanism of immunization that can provide us with vaccines. In the final part, the problem is discussed in order to develop, select, prioritize, and distribute these vaccines as a universal good, and it is emphasized that for now, and while we lack vaccines, our obligation is to continue insisting on hygiene and… on healthy behaviors. And to emphasize the importance of education for a better world.
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Михайлов, Валентин, and Valentin Mikhaylov. "SOME DIRECTIONS OF IMPROVEMENT OF NORMATIVE LEGAL REGULATION OF THE STATE ANTI-CORRUPTION POLICY TAKING INTO ACCOUNT REQUIREMENTS OF INTERNATIONAL ANTI-CORRUPTION TREATIES." Journal of Foreign Legislation and Comparative Law 3, no. 4 (August 23, 2017): 15–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/article_598063fa7cc709.63836564.
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The article describes the main elements of state policy in the sphere of anti-corruption as a system of measures of social control over corruption. It is noted that the norms on combating corruption, the formation of which is attributed to the competence of the Russian Federation, are contained in more than 50 regulatory legal acts of the Russian Federation. The anti-corruption legislation of the Russian Federation is constantly being improved and becoming more integral. In particular, the basis of the implementation of the state anti-corruption policy is the “outstripping” model of legal regulation, taking into account the direction of corruption crime. In addition, the state anti-corruption policy, taking into account the requirements of international anti-corruption treaties, is aimed at the consistent implementation of the provisions of international conventions.
The article shows the tendency of increasing importance of targeted state-legal counteraction to corruption at the international and national levels. The necessity of using the preventive anti-corruption potential provided by the legislation of the Russian Federation is substantiated. In order to improve the system of social control, it is proposed to systematize, streamline the legal norms regulating various aspects of anti-corruption and reflect them in a new version of the Federal Law “On Combating Corruption”. Also systemic measures are required to stabilize the socio-economic and political development of the state while continuing to adopt effective anti-corruption practices. The issue of criminalizing the promise and offering of commercial bribery and bribes as completed crimes is considered. The conclusion is drawn that it should not be about adjusting certain existing provisions of the criminal law, but about a comprehensive change in legislation and the formation of good practices for its application.
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Kovalyova, M. A., and O. Yu Vyalova. "The first record of rock-boring mollusc Petricola lithophaga (Retzius, 1788) inside the valves of oysters Crassostrea gigas (Thunberg, 1793), cultivated in Crimea (the Donuzlav Bay, the Black Sea)." Marine Biological Journal 6, no. 1 (March 23, 2021): 34–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.21072/mbj.2021.06.1.03.
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The number of mollusc farms off the coast of Crimea and the Caucasus has increased significantly in recent years. The cultivation of the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas (Thunberg, 1793) requires monitoring of mollusc health and parasitological control of mariculture farms. The aim of this work was to study species composition of epibionts and endobionts, associated with shells of cultivated oyster C. gigas, as well as to identify species, damaging shells. Commercial oysters with visual shell damage were collected on a mariculture farm in the Donuzlav Bay (Crimea, the Black Sea) and brought to the laboratory alive chilled. As a result of 22 oysters’ examination, 14 macrozoobenthos species and live specimens of rock-boring mollusc Petricola lithophaga (Retzius, 1788) were found. The size of rock-borers varied 9 to 16 mm; their age was about two years. Prolonged presence of P. lithophaga inside oyster valves can cause degradation of shell calcareous layer and even death of the mollusc host; this fact is of great importance for the Black Sea mariculture. Considering P. lithophaga annual development cycle, during the period of mass larval settlement (July to October), it is recommended to inspect the shells of cultivated oysters. Further detailed studies will allow to develop measures for prevention and protection of bivalve molluscs from infestation with P. lithophaga.
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Paterson, Craig. "From offender to victim-oriented monitoring: a comparative analysis of the emergence of electronic monitoring systems in Argentina and England and Wales." urbe. Revista Brasileira de Gestão Urbana 7, no. 2 (August 2015): 155–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/2175-3369.007.002.se01.
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The increasingly psychological terrain of crime and disorder management has had a transformative impact upon the use of electronic monitoring technologies. Surveillance technologies such as electronic monitoring - EM, biometrics, and video surveillance have flourished in commercial environments that market the benefits of asocial technologies in managing disorderly behavior and which, despite often chimerical crime prevention promises, appeal to the ontologically insecure social imagination. The growth of EM in criminal justice has subsequently taken place despite, at best, equivocal evidence that it protects the public and reduces recidivism. Innovative developments in Portugal, Argentina and the United States have re-imagined EM technologies as more personalized devices that can support victims rather than control offenders. These developments represent a re-conceptualization of the use of the technology beyond the neoliberal prism of rational choice theories and offender-oriented thinking that influenced first generation thinking about EM. This paper identifies the socio-political influences that helped conceptualize first generation thinking about EM as, firstly, a community sentence and latterly, as a technique of urban security. The paper reviews attempts to theorize the role and function of EM surveillance technologies within and beyond criminal justice and explores the contribution of victimological perspectives to the use of EM 2.0.
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Nong, Nhung Thi Phuong, and Jue-Liang Hsu. "Characteristics of Food Protein-Derived Antidiabetic Bioactive Peptides: A Literature Update." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 17 (September 1, 2021): 9508. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22179508.
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Diabetes, a glucose metabolic disorder, is considered one of the biggest challenges associated with a complex complication of health crises in the modern lifestyle. Inhibition or reduction of the dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV), alpha-glucosidase, and protein-tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP-1B) enzyme activities or expressions are notably considered as the promising therapeutic strategies for the management of type 2 diabetes (T2D). Various food protein-derived antidiabetic bioactive peptides have been isolated and verified. This review provides an overview of the DPP-IV, PTP-1B, and α-glucosidase inhibitors, and updates on the methods for the discovery of DPP-IV inhibitory peptides released from food-protein hydrolysate. The finding of novel bioactive peptides involves studies about the strategy of separation fractionation, the identification of peptide sequences, and the evaluation of peptide characteristics in vitro, in silico, in situ, and in vivo. The potential of bioactive peptides suggests useful applications in the prevention and management of diabetes. Furthermore, evidence of clinical studies is necessary for the validation of these peptides’ efficiencies before commercial applications.
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Larionova, I. V. "INFRASTRUCTURE OF PROVIDING SAFETY OF THE BANKING SECTOR AND THE PROBLEM OF OVERCOMING OF THE CRISIS PHENOMENA IN ACTIVITY OF COMMERCIAL BANKS." Strategic decisions and risk management, no. 5 (December 29, 2015): 82–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.17747/2078-8886-2015-5-82-86.
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One of the most important problems in the conditions of the prolonged macroeconomic instability mentioning the most sensitive sector of Economics is banking sector, is development of indicators and preventive measures from the regulator and management of banks on overcoming of the becoming ripe crisis phenomena. Crises of the last years show that regulators, despite development and toughening of measures of regulatory influence and microprudential supervision, constantly are late that leads to considerable expenses of rescue of banks and payments of compensations to investors of bankrupt monetary and credit institutes. In article the most sensitive areas in regulation and financial improvement of the credit organizations are considered. The author offers to expand the list of functions of Deposit Insurance Agency by means of introduction of institute the bridge-banks and attraction of financial resources of private investors for rescue of banks. At the same time in article it is emphasized that criteria of identification of problem situations in the banking sector need development by means of introduction along with the operating indicators of signs of the advancing problems of non-financial and financial character. The formulated offers will demand specification of the legislation and regulatory base of Bank of Russia.
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Vasyliev, V. M. "The concept and types of subjects of countering offenses in the entrepreneurial sphere." Bulletin of Kharkiv National University of Internal Affairs 81, no. 2 (December 13, 2018): 38–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.32631/v.2018.2.03.
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Theoretical approaches to the definition of the notion of the subject of counteraction to offenses are described. For this purpose, the notion of the subject of management, the subject of policing was established. The notion of a subject of an offense in the sphere of entrepreneurship is defined: a system of state and non-state bodies, public organizations, social groups and citizens whose activities are focused on eliminating the causes and conditions that give rise to and provoke offenses in the sphere of economic commercial activity (entrepreneurship), preventing these offenses from different stages of incorrect behavior of participants of relations in the field of entrepreneurship, as well as bringing them to the legal first responsibility.
In addition, the above subjects were systematized in this study and their circle was determined. The main ones were highlighted: President of Ukraine, Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine, the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine; local governments; Ministry of Finance of Ukraine; Ministry of Economic Development and Trade of Ukraine; State Fiscal Service and its structural units (except for customs control at the border); State Inspectorate of Ukraine; National Bank of Ukraine; revenue authorities and fees of Ukraine. A special group of subjects has been identified, those who have administrative and jurisdictional powers.
It has been concluded that most of the subjects of counteracting crimes in the field of entrepreneurial activity in Ukraine are state organizations, and the process of counteraction is directly implemented by carrying out the financial and economic control over the activity of participants of legal relations in the field of entrepreneurship by the overwhelming majority of the mentioned agencies. The implementation of such functions, for the majority of subjects of counteracting crimes in the field of entrepreneurship, is not the main, but the secondary task, along with the main powers that are not directly related to the considered problem.
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Sukhodolov, Alexander, Andrey Fedotov, Pavel Anoshko, Alina Kolesnikova, Polina Sorokina, and Natalya Mamonova. "Mathematical Modeling in Researching the Complex Determinants of Illegal Fishing of Water Bio-Resources (the Omul Fish) in Lake Baikal." Russian Journal of Criminology 14, no. 1 (February 28, 2020): 76–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.17150/2500-4255.2020.14(1).76-86.
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Lake Baikal is a unique natural object and a UNESCO World Heritage Site. At the same time, Baikal is a major fresh water inland fishing water body of Russia and the whole Eurasian continent. Extensive fishing began here in the second half of the 19th century and continued, with short-term moratoriums on commercial fishing connected with the depletion of valuable fish stocks, until October 2017, when a new ban was imposed. One of the reasons for this ban was a growing scale of illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing. In spite of restrictive measures, illegal fishing in Baikal is massive. According to statistical data provided by Chief Department of Internal Affairs in Irkutsk Region, the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Buryat Republic, Department of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia in Zabaikalsky Region and the Federal Service for Supervision of Natural Resources, the number of crimes under Art. 256 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation increased 45 % from 2013 to 2018. After the fishing of omul was limited in 2017, the problem of illegal fishing became a burning issue. The current measures of preventing environmental violations in this sphere are not always well-coordinated. To improve their effectiveness, it is necessary to take into account the results of a systemic monitoring of the complex of causes that determine this problem when developing new measures. The authors of the article use mathematical modeling, primarily, regression analysis, to research the factors that lead to crimes and violations of law in the sphere of fishing. The identification and research of factors determining illegal fishing of water bio-resources with the use of mathematical modeling is an element of a deeper analysis of criminological data carried out with the purpose of improving the effectiveness of counteracting illegal fishing and protection of a unique natural object - Lake Baikal.
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Muravyev, K. V., A. B. Sokolov, and D. S. Merlakov. "Problems of Legal Regulation and Organization Mortgages of Loaded or Handed in Storage in Things Pawn Shop." Siberian Law Herald 4, no. 91 (2020): 94–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.26516/2071-8136.2020.4.94.
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The issues of legal regulation of the seizure of pledged or deposited in a pawnshop things, as well as related activities aimed at preventing the commission of new crimes are considered. Conditions are established under which objects located in a specialized commercial organization are not pledged or deposited. The conclusion is made about the legal regime for the protection of information contained in the loan agreement. The procedure for withdrawing a pledge ticket at a pawnshop is defined. The analysis of the criminal procedure law, the positions of scholars and judicial practice regarding the possibility of seizing a pawnshop before initiating a criminal case, as well as the need for a court decision to conduct a search in the specified organization is given. It is concluded that the production of a seizure in a pawnshop before a criminal case is unacceptable; regardless of the type of investigative action involving the seizure of a thing pledged or deposited in a pawnshop, a court order is required. Cases are indicated when an alternative to a seizure can be a search at a pawnshop. Recommendations are offered on improving the procedure for seizing pledged or deposited items in a pawnshop. Recommendations have been prepared aimed at minimizing the possibility of making mistakes regarding each of the identified typical organizational problems of the production of a seizure (search) in a pawnshop. The optimal content of information in the petition of the investigator before the court on the seizure of the pledged or deposited in the pawnshop thing is determined. Recommendations on the adoption of effective measures aimed at eliminating the causes and conditions conducive to the commission of crimes in the implementation of activities by a pawnshop.
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Maggs, P. "The United States and global regulation of convertible virtual currencies." Courier of Kutafin Moscow State Law University, no. 2 (April 10, 2020): 58–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.17803/2311-5998.2020.66.2.058-069.
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The regulation of convertible virtual currencies (for instance Bitcoin) is an area both of global cooperation and global competition. On the one hand, virtual currencies create serious problems of payment for illegal transactions, money laundering, tax evasion, and consumer fraud. On the other hand such currencies, have the potential to lower the costs of commercial and consumer transactions and to facilitate international trade. Both dealing with the problems and realizing the potential of virtual currencies require international cooperation.There is no uniformity in national legislation on virtual currency. A recent survey of over 100 countries showed a wide variation in both the amount and methods of regulation 2 . While, at this stage, experimentation with various types of regulation may help discover better ways to deal with this currency, on the other hand, there is a real danger that some countries will be come unregulated virtual currency havens where the worst aspects of virtual currency can flourish.This article will look at United States law, and also at existing and needed international cooperation in the areas of taxation, investor protection, consumer protection, monetary regulation, and crime prevention.
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Badivuku-Pantina, Myrvete, and Anera Alishani. "EFFECTS OF THE GLOBAL FINANCIAL CRISIS IN THE BANKING SYSTEM OF KOSOVO." Journal Human Research in Rehabilitation 2, no. 2 (September 2012): 30–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.21554/hrr.091205.
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Financial crises are phenomena that happened before and continue to happen even nowadays. There were many financial crises in the last century, starting with the Great Depression of 1929 and continuing with other financial crisis, and it was believed that people would learn from their previous experiences and would not allow the crisis to happen again. But the financial crisis of 2007, created the impression that no one wanted to learn for the real causes of their occurrence and consequences, often disastrous for countries and the globe, and as such allowed the crisis to be repeated. Effects of the 2007 financial crisis, which originally started in the USA’s mortgage market and which was quickly spread all over the world, even to this date it still continues to have effect on real economies of many states, e.g. Greece. The spread of the crisis was primarily due to globalization and commercial trades among countries. Because of the dependence of economies on one another it was created the domino effect and all the countries were affected from the crisis. As a result, the crisis seems to have revealed the disadvantages of globalization. Finances of the world were shocked and rapid fluctuations were reflected in the stock prices. Kosovo, as a new and small country in the Western Balkans is not much globalized and open which was beneficial in preventing it from being affected from the global financial crisis. Its economy has slightly felt the effect of the crisis because the banking system in Kosovo is not much open to the international financial markets as they operate mostly with their clients’ deposits. The purpose of this research is to assess the implications of the global financial crisis in the banking system of Kosovo, and also to identify the measures that the Central Bank and the Government should undertake in order to protect the economy from external implications.
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Kucherova, S. R. "P4.116 The Efficiency of the Model «Peer Driven Intervention» Among the Women of Commercial Sex and Positive Experience of Realization of the Project on the HIV Prevention by the Model of «PDI» in Crimea." Sexually Transmitted Infections 89, Suppl 1 (July 2013): A324.1—A324. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/sextrans-2013-051184.1013.
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Lobastov, K. V., A. R. Navasardyan, and I. V. Schastlivtsev. "Treatment and Secondary Prevention of Venous Thromboembolism in Real Clinical Practice Based on Health Care Professional Survey." Rational Pharmacotherapy in Cardiology 17, no. 3 (July 13, 2021): 376–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.20996/1819-6446-2021-06-01.
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Aim. To assess the duration of the anticoagulant treatment of venous thromboembolism (VTE) in various categories of patients in real clinical practice through survey of practitioners, as well as correspondence of the duration with current clinical guidelines.Material and methods. Data obtained from electronic survey of practicing surgeons as part of a commercial brand assessment (Brand Adoption Monitor) was studied. Survey was carried out by the "Validata” analytical agency at the request and with the financial support of Bayer. Inpatient and outpatient vascular surgeons, as well as general outpatient surgeons were invited to complete the electronic questionnaire. The number of interviewed specialists was 100: 50 inpatient vascular surgeons and 50 outpatient specialists, among whom the share of vascular surgeons (phlebologists, angi-ologists) was about 20%. The study was completed in 20 cities of Russia with a population of at least 200,000 people from all federal districts except the North Caucasus and the Republic of Crimea. The selection criteria for participants were: work experience in the specialty ≥3 years, work experience at the current organization >6 months, ≥5 patients with VTE during in the last month.Results. In total, 104 doctors were surveyed during the period from December 11, 2019 to January 20, 2020, of which 50 were inpatient vascular surgeons and 54 were from outpatient setting. According to the survey of vascular surgeons in hospitals, 75% (6 [5;10]) of patients were hospitalized with a primary episode of VTE and 25% (2 [1;4]) with a recurrent thrombotic event. In an outpatient surgeon, 27.5% (3 [2;5]) of patients were treated in an outpatient setting without hospitalization, 34.7% (3 [2;5]) came to an appointment immediately after discharge from the hospital and 38.8% (2 [1;4]) were a repeat visit regarding a previous VTE. Most often, surgeons observed episodes of clinically unprovoked VTE in 27.3% of cases, thrombotic events provoked by major transient risk factors were 12.2%, event provoked by small transient risk factors were 13.3% and events provoked by small persistent risk factors were 12.6%, while cancer-associated thrombosis represented 13.5%. Most surgeons chose to prescribe anticoagulant therapy beyond 3 months. About half of the specialists prescribed therapy for a year or longer for cancer-associated thrombosis and recurrent VTE. When treating the first episode of clinically unprovoked VTE, about half of the respondents chose anticoagulation for a period of 3 to 6 months. About 60% of specialists prescribed anticoagulant therapy for a period of 3 to 6 months to patients with minor transient or persistent risk factors and patients with VTE provoked by major transient risk factor (trauma or surgery).Conclusion. Correspondence of the duration of anticoagulant therapy in real clinical practice with the international clinical guidelines varies within 450% range and, on average, does not exceed 30%. This discrepancy was both in situations when the duration of therapy was lower than recommended, but also in situations when treatment extension would not have been recommended.
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Buha, Hanna. "NON-BANKING FINANCIAL INSTITUTION OF UKRAINE AS A SUBJECT OF MONETARY RELATIONS." Law Journal of Donbass 76, no. 3 (2021): 69–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.32366/2523-4269-2021-76-3-69-76.
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The article emphasizes the unprecedented growth of the role and importance of monetary relations in the formation of the market component of society, by supplementing it – the financial market and financial services markets, non-bank financial institutions professionally engaged in large-scale financial transactions. In this regard, monetary relations in their interaction with legal norms give rise to financial legal relations, which simplifies and disciplines the understanding and perception of monetary relations as an object of financial and legal regulation. It is stated that the regulatory impact on monetary relations in the activities of non-bank financial latter in market relations goes beyond public finance, expanding due to corporate and private finance, their market component, and the volume of private and commercial monetary resources in such conditions are one of the parties to the financial and credit relations. The environment for the implementation of modern monetary policy is formed by many factors, which together create extremely difficult conditions and reduce the effectiveness of monetary policy in achieving its goals. However, the most significant is the spread of the global financial crisis, to overcome which Ukraine needs to improve the legal framework for monetary regulation and apply market mechanisms to regulate the credit system. From a legal point of view, it is important when considering monetary relations (especially the forms of their expression) to understand the substantial nature of the financial mechanism as a whole. It is not the institutions of the financial system such as commercial banks, insurance companies, pension funds, investment funds or other institutions that generate credit as such, but, on the contrary, the existence of monetary relations generates the relevant institutions. And this is not just a scholastic play on words or manipulation of scientific concepts, but a legal fact. Thus, despite the rather intensive formation, the non-banking financial sector has not yet become the main and convenient mechanism for providing the real sector of the economy with the necessary financial resources. They are going through the initial period of their formation, their development remains little dynamic, sometimes even chaotic, which is why it is important to further study their legal nature, activities, functions they perform in the economy of the state and so on. In order to minimize the risks that may result from the lack of stability, transparency and competitiveness of the non-banking financial sector, it is necessary to strengthen the institutional and financial capacity of bodies regulating the financial services market and create an effective system for preventing crimes committed by non-banking financial institutions. Public policy in the non-banking financial sector should be aimed at: creating a system of risk identification, monitoring and ongoing analysis of the financial services market in order to ensure opportunities to take precautions to ensure financial security; strengthening transparency and openness in the activities of financial institutions and the body that carries out state regulation and supervision of such institutions; increasing the solvency and financial stability of non-bank financial institutions; ensuring proper protection of consumers of non-banking financial services; preventing the use of non-bank financial institutions for unproductive withdrawal of capital abroad.
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Riswanda and Rahmawati Allyreza. "Sosialisasi dan Penyuluhan Undang-Undang Nomor 21 Tahun 2007 Tentang Pemberantasan Tindak Pidana Perdagangan Orang di Desa Lebak Kepuh Kecamatan Lebak Wangi sebagai Kantung Tenaga Kerja Wanita di Kabupaten Serang." BANTENESE : JURNAL PENGABDIAN MASYARAKAT 2, no. 2 (December 31, 2020): 87–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.30656/ps2pm.v2i2.2750.
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Becoming a female worker abroad, especially in Middle Eastern countries, Malaysia is the dream and hope for most women and families in Lebak Kepuh Village. Family poverty factor is the main reason for families to send their children to work abroad. Working as farm laborers and getting caught up in loan sharks forced these families to send their children to become TKW. Private Indonesian Employment Service Delivery Companies (PPTKIS) have sprung up as a connector between workers and overseas job providers. However, unfortunately, many of these PPTKIS are not registered with the Ministry of Manpower and some are looking to the villages to seduce women to be sent to work abroad or in the capital city with the lure of a large salary. Even though this is often not true. Instead of getting a job, they are even traded in the trafficking of people into commercial sex workers and / or into illegal labor. This activity aims to socialize Law Number 21 of 2017 concerning the Eradication of the Crime of Trafficking in Persons. The causes, methods, methods and consequences of victims of trafficking in persons are presented and described in this activity. This includes serious legal sanctions that will be imposed on parties who deliberately commit the criminal act of trafficking in persons. Village officials ranging from neighborhood units, neighborhood units to village officials are at the forefront of preventing criminal acts of trafficking in persons because the form of trafficking begins with manipulating population data for poor families who want to send their children to work in public families, reporting companies that supply illegal foreign workers to the authorities. is an effort to stop the criminal act of trafficking in persons (women) in Desa Lebak Kepuh , Kecamatan Lebak , Serang Regency.
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Chang, Jungshan, Patricia A. Shi, Elaine Y. Chiang, and Paul S. Frenette. "Intravenous Immunoglobulins Reverse Acute Vaso-Occlusive Crises in Sickle Cell Mice through Rapid Inhibition of Neutrophil Adhesion." Blood 110, no. 11 (November 16, 2007): 146. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v110.11.146.146.
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Abstract Previous studies using intravital microscopy in a sickle cell disease (SCD) mouse model suggest that adherent leukocytes (WBCs) play a key role in vaso-occlusion by capturing circulating erythrocytes (RBCs) in venules. Commercial intravenous human gamma globulin (IVIG) given prior to the inflammatory stimuli increased microcirculatory blood flow and improved survival (Blood 2004 103(6):2397–400). To mimic the clinical situation where SCD patients seek medical attention after the onset of symptoms, we have developed an in vivo model in which the therapeutic intervention was administered after in the inflammatory challenge. Berkeley SCD bone marrow was transplanted into irradiated C57BL/6 to generate age- and gender-matched genetically identical cohorts of SCD mice. Fully engrafted male SCD mice were treated with TNF-α and prepared for intravital microscopy examination of the cremaster muscle. Seventy minutes following administration of TNF-α (0.5 μg i.p.), IVIG (800 mg/kg) or an equivalent volume of control PBS or albumin (800 mg/kg) was administered by a programmable syringe pump. Twenty minutes after IVIG, PBS, or albumin exposure, 8–10 venules were recorded over a period of 60 min with each venule recorded continuously for at least 3 min. IVIG significantly increased the number of rolling leukocytes (2–3 fold, p<0.05) compared to control groups treated with albumin or PBS. Moreover, further analyses of leukocyte behavior revealed that IVIG significantly increased rolling velocities, indicating that it alters adhesion pathways involved in slow rolling. In contrast, the number of WBCs adherent to the endothelium was reduced by ∼50% in the IVIG group (p<0.05). The effect of IVIG on leukocyte adhesion was rapid, being statistically significant in the first ∼10 min after completion of IVIG infusion. The number of adherent WBCs increased progressively over time in the PBS group but remained lower throughout the recording period in the IVIG group. To assess the effect of IVIG on sickle RBC adhesion, we quantified the interactions between circulating RBCs and adherent WBCs, and found that IVIG dramatically reduced the number of RBC-WBC interactions by 10–19 fold (p<0.05). These effects resulted in improved microcirculatory blood flow and Kaplan-Meier curves revealed a dramatic improvement in survival of sickle cell mice in the IVIG-treated sickle cell mice compared to control groups. Longer survival correlated positively with blood flow (p=0.003) and negatively with the number of adherent WBCs (p=0.01) and RBC-WBC interactions (p=0.05). In order to exclude the possibility that irradiation and graft-versus-host disease were confounding factors, we treated parental (non-transplanted) sickle mice with IVIG, and found similar results, although statistical significance was only reached for RBC-WBC interactions (p<0.001) due to the small number of mice. In addition, IVIG treatment reduced the number of adherent WBCs recruited in wild-type C57BL/6 mice (p<0.002). Using multichannel digital fluorescence videomicroscopy that we recently developed (Nat Methods. 2007 4:219–22), we found that IVIG affected specifically the recruitment of adherent neutrophils, but did not change the number of adherent monocytes or lymphocytes. Thus, these results suggest that IVIG may improve VOC by inhibiting neutrophil activation, and underscore the encouraging possibility that therapeutic interventions initiated when patients have an established crisis may change the outcome of acute episodes, preventing their progression into life-threatening complications.
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Zhu, Yu Peng, and Han Woo Park. "Development of a COVID-19 Web Information Transmission Structure Based on a Quadruple Helix Model: Webometric Network Approach Using Bing." Journal of Medical Internet Research 23, no. 8 (August 26, 2021): e27681. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/27681.
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Background Developing an understanding of the social structure and phenomenon of pandemic information sources worldwide is immensely significant. Objective Based on the quadruple helix model, the aim of this study was to construct and analyze the structure and content of the internet information sources regarding the COVID-19 pandemic, considering time and space. The broader goal was to determine the status and limitations of web information transmission and online communication structure during public health emergencies. Methods By sorting the second top-level domain, we divided the structure of network information sources into four levels: government, educational organizations, companies, and nonprofit organizations. We analyzed the structure of information sources and the evolution of information content at each stage using quadruple helix and network analysis methods. Results The results of the structural analysis indicated that the online sources of information in Asia were more diverse than those in other regions in February 2020. As the pandemic spread in April, the information sources in non-Asian regions began to diversify, and the information source structure diversified further in July. With the spread of the pandemic, for an increasing number of countries, not only the government authorities of high concern but also commercial and educational organizations began to produce and provide significant amounts of information and advice. Nonprofit organizations also produced information, but to a lesser extent. The impact of the virus spread from the initial public level of the government to many levels within society. After April, the government’s role in the COVID-19 network information was central. The results of the content analysis showed that there was an increased focus on discussion regarding public health–related campaign materials at all stages. The information content changed with the changing stages. In the early stages, the basic situation regarding the virus and its impact on health attracted most of the attention. Later, the content was more focused on prevention. The business and policy environment also changed from the beginning of the pandemic, and the social changes caused by the pandemic became a popular discussion topic. Conclusions For public health emergencies, some online and offline information sources may not be sufficient. Diversified institutions must pay attention to public health emergencies and actively respond to multihelical information sources. In terms of published messages, the educational sector plays an important role in public health events. However, educational institutions release less information than governments and businesses. This study proposes that the quadruple helix not only has research significance in the field of scientific cooperation but could also be used to perform effective research regarding web information during crises. This is significant for further development of the quadruple helix model in the medical internet research area.
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Anjali, Anjali, and Manisha Sabharwal. "Perceived Barriers of Young Adults for Participation in Physical Activity." Current Research in Nutrition and Food Science Journal 6, no. 2 (August 25, 2018): 437–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.12944/crnfsj.6.2.18.
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This study aimed to explore the perceived barriers to physical activity among college students Study Design: Qualitative research design Eight focus group discussions on 67 college students aged 18-24 years (48 females, 19 males) was conducted on College premises. Data were analysed using inductive approach. Participants identified a number of obstacles to physical activity. Perceived barriers emerged from the analysis of the data addressed the different dimensions of the socio-ecological framework. The result indicated that the young adults perceived substantial amount of personal, social and environmental factors as barriers such as time constraint, tiredness, stress, family control, safety issues and much more. Understanding the barriers and overcoming the barriers at this stage will be valuable. Health professionals and researchers can use this information to design and implement interventions, strategies and policies to promote the participation in physical activity. This further can help the students to deal with those barriers and can help to instil the habit of regular physical activity in the later adult years.
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Anthony, Adepoju Adebiyi, and Irinyemi Ademola Benson. "Freight Safety in Freight Forwarding Business in Nigeria: The Challenges and Preventive Measure." Current Journal of Applied Science and Technology, November 12, 2019, 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/cjast/2019/v38i530379.
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Over the years, water transportation has been a major way of carrying over 90 percent of the physical carriage of Nigeria’s external trade . “The reason behind this overwhelming dominance of water transportation, compared with others can be seen in over congestion of most of our sea ports in Nigeria, even in other countries of the world, can be seen in the over congestion of most of our sea ports in Nigeria.”
However, the issue of safety and security in the maritime industry is a serious and complex one. The economic losses arising from security lapse in most of our ports in Nigeria have become unacceptable in today’s commercial climate. The most noticeable distruptions in our present day commercial climate are in the form of kidnapping, terrorism, theft of valuable cargoes, politically motivated crimes. In maritime business world, the undisputed facts are that, loss prevention mechanism which include security, safety, fire and risk management are top priority concerns. This paper has however attempted to analyze the contributing factors to insecurity in most of our seaports in Nigeria. And how insecurity in Nigeria sea can be curtailed or eradicated with the enabling laws governing the usage, management and control of the Nigeria sea ports.
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Urbas, Gregor, and Kendra Fouracre. "Obligations and Liability of ISPs as Guardians of Internet Content: Comparative Perspectives." Computer Law Review International 11, no. 2 (January 2010). http://dx.doi.org/10.9785/ovs-cri-2010-33.
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AbstractTo what extent can Internet Service Providers (ISPs) and Internet ContentHosts (ICHs) be liable for criminal and civil breaches of the law arising from the distribution of illegal Internet content such as child pornography or other offensive images? Do they have obligations to assist in the prevention and detection of crimes involving illegal content? What about material that breaches privacy, consumer protection, copyright or contract laws? If such liabilities do exist, what can ISPs do to protect themselves? These questions have been approached in several different ways around the world, with a number of regulatory approaches emerging including direct legislative provisions on ISP and ICH obligations, mandatory or optional content blocking or filtering regimes, “three strikes” policies aimed at controlling consumer behaviour, and “safe harbour” provisions for commercial conduct that does not actively assist in the commission of criminal offences or civil wrongs. This article reviews recent developments and emerging schemes of civil and criminal liability that apply to ISPs and ICHs, or that impose requirements on ISPs to act against their customers. Details of these schemes are drawn from a variety of jurisdictions, in order to highlight similarities and differences.
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"Admission of a Notary to Entrepreneurs in Custody: Problems of Implementation." Rossijskoe Pravo. Obrazovanie, Praktika, Nauka, 2020, 4–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.34076/2410-2709-2020-1-4-8.
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The relevance of this work is due to innovations in the Russian criminal procedure legislation, according to which the right to see a notary was provided for entrepreneurs in custody. The author has studied the notary’s access to such business entities as individual entrepreneurs in the case of a crime committed by them in connection with their business activities and (or) the management of their property used for business purposes, as well as members of the management bodies of a commercial organization in connection with the exercise of their powers to manage the organization or in the implementation of business activities by a commercial organization. On the basis of the Russian criminal procedure and notary legislation, the author indicates possible options for applying a preventive measure in the form of detention in respect of persons who have committed crimes in the sphere of business activity; the issue of changing the legislation governing the admission of a notary to persons in custody accused of committing crimes in the sphere of business activity, and the conditions for carrying out notarial actions is considered. The author analyzes the issue of the need to perform notarial actions in relation to citizens of another category (not entrepreneurs), in respect of which a preventive measure in the form of detention has been chosen. The issues of possible abuse of the right to meet with a notary, carrying out notarial actions and registration of notarial documents are considered.
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Tymchyshyn, Yuliya. "THE IMPACT OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES ON THE REGIONS’ ECONOMIC SECURITY." International scientific journal "Internauka". Series: "Economic Sciences", no. 2(46) (2017). http://dx.doi.org/10.25313/2520-2294-2021-2-6978.
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The article highlights the impact of information technology on the economic security of regions and threats to economic security of the region that arise from the use of information technology. The system of economic security of the region in the context of development and application of information technologies is considered, which should include the following elements: diagnostics and identification of the existing state of economic security of the region; identification of threats to the economic security of the region from the use of information technology by business entities and from trends and problems in the development of the IT sector in the region; assessment of identified threats; development of effective mechanisms for their prevention; ensuring the increase of the level of economic security of the region with observance of the balance of national, regional and local interests; monitoring the level of economic security of the region. The main tasks of monitoring the economic security of the region in the context of development for the use of information technology are analyzed: monitoring the state of development of the IT sphere of the region and the level of ICT use in the activities of enterprises; timely detection of changes occurring in the IT sphere of the region and in the activities of economic entities of the region in the process of using information technology, and the reasons that caused them; prevention of negative trends leading to the formation and development of tensions in the IT sphere and socio-economic space of the region to prevent threats to its economic security; implementation of short-term forecasting of trends in the most important processes in the IT sphere of the region and in the functioning of economic entities from other sectors of the economy, due to the widespread use of IT in commercial, management and production activities; assessment of the effectiveness of methods, organizational structures and processes of managing the economic security of the region in terms of information development of society and the deep penetration of IT in various areas of management and economic activity at the regional level. The principles of monitoring the economic security of the region in the context of development and application of information technologies are revealed. The requirements to be met by the mechanism of economic security of the region, related to the intensification of informatization processes and the development of the IT sphere, are described. The functions that should be performed by the mechanism of economic security of the region (MESR) related to the intensification of informatization processes and the development of the IT sphere are substantiated. The main groups of computer crimes with the use of information computer technologies are identified, which have an extremely sharp impact on the economic condition of both a particular enterprise and the region as a whole.
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Trịnh, Quốc Toản. "An investigation into particular provisions on criminal proceedings against corporate bodies in the Criminal Proceedings Code 2015." VNU Journal of Science: Legal Studies 34, no. 3 (September 28, 2018). http://dx.doi.org/10.25073/2588-1167/vnuls.4170.
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With the aim of preventing crimes in current period, the Vietnamese state for the first time has established criminal liability of commercial corporate bodies in the Criminal Proceedings Code 2015 (amended in 2017). This Code also provides procedures to prosecute corporate bodies. The author investigates and analyses provisions of the Criminal Proceedings Code 2015 regarding criminal procedures against corporate bodies, in order to point out shortcomings and recommend amendments.
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MUSTAFFA, JAMALUDIN, HANANI SIDEK, and MOHD HILMI HAMZAH. "Pemahaman Program Bandar Selamat dalam Keselamatan Awam (Jenayah) di Wangsa Maju Kuala Lumpur." Jurnal Pembangunan Sosial, September 24, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.32890/jps.16.2013.11578.
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In recent years crime and safety issues are among the key issues that have attracted public attention in Malaysia. It is undeniable that the issue of crime is closely related to the implementation of the Safe City Program which was established in 2004 to improve public safety of the community. This program is an effort made by the Government of Malaysia to overcome the rise in crime rates. This study further explores the public perception towards the Safe City Program implemented in their housing area. The objectives of this study are to identify the level of security in housing areas, to identify the fear of crime among the population in that area and to identify crime prevention measures under the Safe City Program that are most suitable for implementation in the area from the perception of the local population. The selected study area is Taman Perumahan Wangsa Melawati, Wangsa Maju, Kuala Lumpur. The results showed that most of the respondents are not certain about the level of security in their residential area. In terms of fear of crime, the study found that the residents feel safe living in this area. Meanwhile, from the respondents’point of view, the most suitable crime prevention measures to be implemented in this area are the provision of police posts or mobile stations, improved surveillance in the residential area and the installation of CCTVs in commercial premises and public places. In order to improve the Safe City Program in this area, it is recomended that the residents activate the Resident’s Association, and the Kuala Lumpur City Hall enhances its role in the security aspect under its jurisdiction.