Relevant bibliographies by topics / Commercial land

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Commercial land'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 9 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Commercial land"

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Cha, Hee Bum, and Dae Jung Kwon. "Commercial Land Bidding Factor Analysis." Korea Real Estate Society 38, no. 3 (September 30, 2020): 47–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.37407/kres.2020.38.3.47.

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Kustovska, O., and S. Mudra. "Formation of land for commercial uses." Zemleustrìj, kadastr ì monìtorìng zemelʹ, no. 4 (November 22, 2017): 46–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.31548/zemleustriy2017.04.046.

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Fonjong, Lotsmart, Irene Dione N. Fokum Sama-Lang, Lawrence Fombe, and Christiana Abonge. "Legalizing Illegitimate Large-Scale Land Deals for Commercial Agriculture in Cameroon." Perspectives on Global Development and Technology 17, no. 1-2 (February 13, 2018): 116–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15691497-12341470.

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Abstract Many communities in Cameroon are fast losing large expanse of ancestral land in the wake of a global land rush to local and foreign capitalists operating in the mining and agricultural sectors. This study examines the legal status of commercial land acquisition, the extent to which investors are complying with the law, and the land rights of those affected. It is based on primary data collected through interviews conducted among local administrative and traditional authorities, community members, and civil society organizations. The article highlights how agro-investors with complicity of the State have exploited weakness in Cameroon land laws to dispossess poor communities from ancestral lands. Findings indicate that in violating both laws and due processes to acquire land, the current land rush has left affected communities impoverished and without land and security. Commercial agriculture has displaced communities from traditional sources of livelihood to promote international capitalist interest.
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Crockett, David, and Lenita Davis. "Commercial mythmaking at the Holy Land Experience." Consumption Markets & Culture 19, no. 2 (November 3, 2015): 206–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10253866.2015.1081849.

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Karl, Guntermann, and Thomas Gareth. "Parcel Size, Location and Commercial Land Values." Journal of Real Estate Research 27, no. 3 (January 1, 2005): 343–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10835547.2005.12091159.

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Appiah, Divine Odame, Felix Asante, and Bernice Nketiah. "Perspectives on Agricultural Land Use Conversion and Food Security in Rural Ghana." Sci 1, no. 1 (March 18, 2019): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sci1010014.v1.

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Rapid peri-urbanization has resulted in increasing demand for and pressure on peri-urban lands at the expense of agricultural lands. Households’ decision to convert from agricultural land uses to residential and commercial land uses is driven by a myriad of factors, ranging from social to economic, in the Asante-Akim South district of the Asante region, Ghana. The paper examined the effects of agricultural land use trade-off on food production in the district. Using a triangulation of qualitative and quantitative methods, 115 household respondents were proportionately sampled from three selected communities in the district, for the collection of data through the administration of questionnaires. The data were subjected to the Pearson’s chi-square, embedded in the SPSS V.16, to test for association among the variables. We report that the increasing rate of agricultural land uses conversions was as a result of increasing demand for residential and commercial land usage at the expense of agricultural land uses. Converting prime agricultural lands into other land uses was seen as profitable to agricultural expansion. A re-examination of the district land use plans by the Ghanaian Physical (Town and Country) Planning Department in tandem with the Lands Commission is therefore recommended.
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A. Mamo, Siyum, and Abiot D. Habte. "The Political Economy of Commercial Agricultural Land in Ethiopia." PanAfrican Journal of Governance and Development (PJGD) 1, no. 1 (February 20, 2020): 49–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.46404/panjogov.v1i1.1362.

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This paper provides a critical examination of the political economy of commercial agricultural land in Ethiopia, taking a case from the peripheral State of Gambella where the Anyuaa and the Nuer ethnic groups interact. Since 2002, the government of Ethiopia has pursued a controversial investment approach that promotes large-scale investment dominated by FDI while officially denouncing the current wave of the neoliberal economic discourse. Such investment ventures in the State of Gambella have put significant agricultural lands under a long-term lease to foreign developers. The central argument of this study lies in the point that, in a political economy avenue where practices contradict official state ideology, mechanized agricultural developments face failure beyond adverse social and ecological crises. Under the guise of the political economy of development where the state takes in hand the responsibility for playing a leadership role, private developers cannot easily find a space for leverage for making productive investments. Rather, such ventures as the case of Gambella tend to institute land alienation of the rural indigenous poor who are already marginalized because of their double-peripheral positions – a manifestation of South in the South. The consequence of both inter-group relations and the environment is catastrophic. The paper concludes that the influence of (trans)national companies on indigenous communities living especially in fragile environments continues to be disconcerting whereas the conflation of the neoliberal inspiration in the peripheral regions appears to be disguising while leaving the local environment and inter-group relations at stake. Thus, the Ethiopian government should recognize the contradiction between its official ideology and the investment practices in agricultural lands overtaken by (trans)national developers.
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Sohn, Dong-Wook. "Do all commercial land uses deteriorate neighborhood safety?: Examining the relationship between commercial land-use mix and residential burglary." Habitat International 55 (July 2016): 148–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.habitatint.2016.03.007.

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Aulia, Fauzia Ghitha, Ragil Haryanto, and Wisnu Pradoto. "Land-Use Shifting from Settlement into Commercial in Caturtunggal, Sleman." JEJAK 13, no. 1 (March 10, 2020): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/jejak.v13i1.19598.

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Caturtunggal area is a residential area that is growing rapidly, especially in commercial activities. Current commercial activities have expanded into residential areas. Caturtunggal is one of the regions with an educational function and has become a new center of growth in Sleman Regency with the presence of Gadjah Mada University (UGM) and Yogyakarta State University (UNY). The development of commercial activities in the region to facilitate trade activities and services between people in need such as students (demand) and people who sell services (supply) that can create workers in urban areas so that they can contribute to the regional economy and Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP). The purpose of this study is to determine the development of changes in spatial use from settlements to commercial activities in the Education Area and formulate the factors that cause a shift in the use of space in the region. The method used in this research is quantitative methods and analysis techniques using spatial analysis, descriptive statistical analysis and factor analysis. The subject of this research is small-medium commercial activity in the Caturtunggal region. The results of this study were found as a phenomenon of 70% shift in the use of space to be commercially caused by 5 factors, namely economic factors, the existence of educational areas, locations, market preferences, and access.
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Garang, Zhuoma, Cifang Wu, Guan Li, Yuefei Zhuo, and Zhongguo Xu. "Spatio-Temporal Non-Stationarity and Its Influencing Factors of Commercial Land Price: A Case Study of Hangzhou, China." Land 10, no. 3 (March 19, 2021): 317. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land10030317.

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Investigating the characteristics and mechanisms of the spatial and temporal variations of commercial land prices and its major subdivisions has great theoretical and practical significance in the study of urban economy and its spatial refinement management. Unlike general commodity prices, land prices are influenced by geographical location and tend to fluctuate over time. However, most scholars have not explored the influence mechanism of commercial land prices in both time and space. To help bridge this gap, this study takes the sample commercial land prices in the main urban area of Hangzhou from 2006 to 2015 as the empirical research object and investigates the spatiotemporal evolution mechanism of urban commercial land prices through a comparative analysis of the multiple regression analysis (MRA) with ordinary least squares (OLS), the geographically weighted regression (GWR), the temporally weighted regression (TWR), and the geographically and temporally weighted regression (GTWR) models. Results indicate that the land prices of land for financial facilities (Commercial Land Category 1) and commercial-business land (Commercial Land Category 2) in Hangzhou show different spatial and temporal evolutions and are influenced by the common factors of residential land price level (PL), maturity of living services (EN), and plot ratio (FRO) in the district. Meanwhile the main difference between the two influencing factors is the significant difference in sensitivity to locational centrality and industrial structure. Furthermore, we find that the spatial and temporal evolution of commercial land prices has three main mechanism: location selection, point-axis evolution, and function-promoting. Our findings will provide guidelines for scientifically guiding the coordinated development of urban land price and industrial economy and realizing the fine management and allocation of urban spatial resources.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Commercial land"

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Wakefield, Yvonne. "The Classification, for purposes of the calculation of taxable income, of land and assets incidental to land, that are used as trading stock." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/4574.

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In calculating the taxable income of a taxpayer, items of income and expenditure are classified as being either capital or revenue in nature, and are treated differently according to such classification. Over the years, a debate has emerged regarding the classification of items of income that are either part of the ground or accede to it, but which are treated by the taxpayer as trading stock. The debate extends to the classification of items of expenditure laid out in the production of income and for the purposes of trade, but which relate to land or things adhered to land. Items forming the subject matter of the discussion include sand, stone, coal, trees and other plants to be used not for the sale or use of their fruit, but for sale or use themselves
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Dube, Lighton. "Land tenure security and small scale commercial agriculture perfomance in Zimbabwe." University of Southern Queensland, Faculty of Business, 2009. http://eprints.usq.edu.au/archive/00006195/.

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[Abstract]The major objective of this study is to identify the effects of land tenure security on Small Scale Commercial agricultural productivity and development inZimbabwe. Using a probit model, the study draws the following conclusions:i. Under a more secure tenure system, farmers are likely to have some longterm investments, in this case in plantation crops.ii. The type of tenure system may not necessarily influence an investment in non-fixed assets like livestock.iii. Secure tenure is likely to influence investment in property improvement fixed assets such as fencing and woodlots.iv. Secure tenure is likely to positively influence an investment in permanent housing facilities but does not seem to influence an investment in associated infrastructure such as garages, workshops or shades.v. Secure tenure seems to be associated with a higher propensity to invest in improving existing farm infrastructure.vi. Freehold tenure system is associated with a higher propensity to access to credit.vii. Tenure security appears not to significantly affect medium term soil improvements. Medium-term and long-term investments on the farm do not seem to have any significant impact on the level of input use.viii. However, contrary to expectations, the results of this study indicate that tenure security may not necessarily result in higher productivity.
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Selby, Angus. "Commercial farmers and the state : interest group politics and land reform in Zimbabwe." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.432168.

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Nhiwatiwa, Shelton. "Leveraging public land ownership in the urban land market for commercial property development to achieve socio-economic outcomes in South Africa." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/28053.

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This thesis investigated how the South African local governments in the Western Cape Province are involved in the urban land market and, specifically, land supply for commercial property development to optimise socio-economic objectives in the South African property sector. The current conditions, challenges, and opportunities were examined using a qualitative research approach, combining primary and secondary data collection methods. The data for this research was gathered from a literature review, interviews and an online survey with local government property management officials directly involved in land transactions in local governments in the Western Cape Province, South Africa. The research found that, if well-managed, public land offers opportunities to achieve government's socio-economic objectives of driving economic growth, creating employment opportunities, and advancing people economically and socially. Through their majority urban land ownership (Gelderbloem, 2012), the South African local governments in the Western Cape Province can leverage their land assets for commercial property development to achieve socioeconomic outcomes in the urban land market. Local governments can achieve this by leading, shaping and unlocking development potential through direct supply of land, land use allocation, and facilitating, expediting and incentivising development to stimulate desired catalytic property developments. Catalytic projects refer projects that stimulate development and redevelopment of surrounding properties. The land allocation and property decisions in local governments are mainly driven by socio-economic objectives where sustainable development is the top priority and financial gain, though important is not key. In order to give full effect to leading, shaping and unlocking development on public land, local governments should make conscious, calculated interventions in the land supply chain for commercial property development to ensure a healthy property market. Also, it was found that, ideally, local governments should dispose of their land with rights in place in order to realise full valuation potential on their property as well as to minimise risk to the potential developer. Lastly, it was found that land supply from local governments for commercial development is faced with a number of challenges, chief among them being: excessive legislation and compliance requirements, lack of expertise, political interference, inadequate land management systems and others. In order to optimise local government land ownership to achieve socio-economic objectives in the urban land market, it is recommended that municipalities make well thought out strategic interventions in the land market as well as invest in the establishment of land management information systems to establish comprehensive asset registers to render effective planning and programming of their land holdings. Notwithstanding the challenges faced by local governments in alienating land, local governments in South Africa can leverage their land ownership in the urban land market for commercial property development to achieve socio-economic outcomes.
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Cochrane, David Alan, and david cochrane@au ey com. "Maintaining Environmental Values in a Commercial Environment - a Framework for Commercial Development in Victoria's National Parks." RMIT University. Graduate School of Business, 2007. http://adt.lib.rmit.edu.au/adt/public/adt-VIT20080220.163331.

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This research has focussed on the development of a commercial business model (CBM) for providing tourism and support service based commercial activities in Victoria's national parks which also allowed for the protection of the parks natural values. National parks are vital if we as a nation are to retain our natural heritage - but the public sector land stewards of these important assets are facing increasing funding and user pressures. The result is a growing focus on the commercialisation of our national parks to provide services and generate the revenue required to maintain these assets. However, this has resulted in the exacerbation of a long existing conflict - these commercial operators are primarily focus on the achievement of a commercial return, while the land stewards' main responsibility is in the protection of the natural values of these assets. In completing this project an abductive research approach (using grounded theory) has been adopted. Specifically, the research activities undertaken included data collection via a number of techniques including stakeholder interviews, detailed examination of existing commercial arrangements, literature research on international approaches and models, development of a suggested commercial business model based on a synthesise of the research outcomes and, finally, obtaining user feedback. The use of the various data sources, and subsequent sourcing of user feedback facilitated the triangulation of the research results. The findings from this research challenge a number of the practices currently adopted in the structuring of commercial activities suggesting that these practices are inhibiting the quality of the service being provided to the national park visitor along with the level of protection being afforded to the parks natural values. The resulting CBM provides park managers with a framework for identification and structuring of commercial business activities, practical guidance on the actions required in the completion of a concession process and identification of a number of the relevant issues which need to be considered and addressed in establishing and managing a national park concession. The CBM has been developed specifically for application within Victoria's national parks (based on a public/private sector relationship). The output will also provide guidance on methods for embedding natural values on public/private sector relationships in other settings.
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Bernhard, Jayne M. "Stores as Schools: An Adaptive Reuse Alternative For Communities Dealing With Underutilized Commercial Space and Overcrowded Schools." Connect to this title, 2008. http://scholarworks.umass.edu/theses/144/.

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Yu, Lap-kee Richard. "A study on possible commercial development opportunities of subterranean space in Hong Kong /." [Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong], 1992. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B13362392.

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Van, Deventer Heidi. "Using geographical information systems for mapping commercial farmers' perceptions on land reform in Mpumalanga, RSA." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/52043.

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Thesis (MA)--Stellenbosch University, 2000.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Traditional top-down decision-making models have become unpopular since public institutions have been demanding more democracy at local level. New approaches and techniques have focused on how the majority of people can be involved in a bottom-up approach to development and decision making. Techniques, such as Participatory Rural Appraisals (PRAs), have identified people's concerns regarding the use of natural resources centred on land issues. Land is essentially a subject of public concern. Land as a spatial phenomenon controlled politically and used by all for survival and other purposes needs to be assessed in an integrated and time-spatial way for better planning and decision making. Geographical Information Systems (GISs) have often been used by statutory "experts" in evaluating, analysing and mapping of land and land-related features. GISs have a lot of potential in being applied as decision-making tools. If this is the case, how can public perceptions and politics be presented and mapped in a GIS to improve and democratise decision making even further? The study has investigated new methods of representing people's perspectives at grassroots level in a non-traditional way. A sub-region of the Lowveld, situated in the Mpumalanga province, has been selected because of the various kinds of land owners in the region. The Kruger National Park lies to the east of the study area, from where some black communities claim to have been removed. To the west of that is one of the districts of the former homeland KaNgwane, namely Nsikazi, and west of that two areas of intensive large-scale commercial fruit and vegetable production in the Nelspruit-White River and Kiepersol-Hazyview areas. Towards the escarpment north-west of these lie large commercial exotic forest plantations, owned mainly by Safcol and MandL Given the high demand and need for land from the overpopulated Nsikazi district, the process of land reform is a matter of great concern. White male commercial farmers in both regions where commercial farming is active were interviewed about their knowledge and perceptions of land reform. Various themes were presented to the farmers to comment on, namely the history of forced removals, land use, land potential, hydrology and where land reform should take place. Interviews were taped in Afrikaans, transcribed and translated to English. "Mental maps" were drawn on tracing paper overlaid on topographical maps of the Land Surveyor General, Mowbray. These were digitised and managed in Arclnfo, and displayed and analysed in ArcView, from where output maps were produced. The results of this technique proved to be very useful and can certainly broaden the use of GISs in decision making and public participation. However, GISs alone cannot be seen as the solution to better development and better decision-making. Public participation is of the utmost value in facilitating and initiating these processes. Land use planning needs to be the responsibility and concern of all land users and owners at a local level, where GISs can be applied as a tool to provide easier and more effective analysis and results for the implementation of initiatives.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Tradisionele bo-na-onder besluitnemingsmodelle het in die laaste paar dekades baie ongewild geraak met die totstandkoming van instellings wat die publiek se mening hoog ag en demokrasie op grondvlak probeer bevorder. Nuwe benaderings en tegnieke poog nou om die publiek se mening in 'n onder-na-bo benadering tot ontwikkeling en besluitneming te integreer. Grondhervorming is basies die erns van die publiek, meer so as die staat. Grond is 'n ruimtelike verskynsel wat polities beheer word maar deur die meerderheid gebruik word vir oorlewing asook ander doeleindes. Dit behoort op 'n tyd-ruimtelike basis op 'n geïntegreerde wyse vir beter beplanning en besluitneming ondersoek te word. Geografiese Inligtingstelsels (GISs) word hoofsaaklik deur statutêre "kenners" gebruik in die evaluering, analise en kartering van grond en verbandhoudende verskynsels. Dit beskik verder oor die potensiaal om in besluitnemingsprosesse gebruik te word. Die vraag ontstaan egter hoe die publiek se menings en politieke strukture met 'n GIS verteenwoordig en gekarteer kan word ter verbetering van besluitneming op 'n meer demokratiese wyse. Die studie het nuwe metodes ondersoek waarvolgens mense op grondvlak se persepsies op nie-tradisionele maniere verteenwoordig en ondersoek kan word. 'n Sub-streek van die Laeveld wat geleë is in die Mpumalanga provinsie, is geselekteer vanweë die verskeidenheid grondeienaars wat daar voorkom. Die Kruger Nasionale Park is geleë in die oostelike deel van die studiegebied vanwaar sekere swart gemeenskappe gedurende die Apartheidsregime verskuif is. Direk wes hiervan lê die voormalige tuisland KaNgwane se Nsikazi distrik en wes daarvan twee areas, naamlik Nelspruit-Witrivier en Kiepersol-Hazyview, waar die kommersiële boerdery van vrugte en groente op groot skaal beoefen word. In die noordwestelike gedeeltes van die studiegebied kom grootskaalse uitheemse bosbouplantasies voor wat aan Safcol en Mondi behoort. Met die stygende aanvraag na grond vir residensiële- en landbougebruik in die streek, veral vanuit die Nsikazi distrik, is grondhervorming en die toepassing daarvan, 'n probleem, indien nie 'n bedreiging, vir die meeste grondeienaars. Onderhoude is met blanke manlike kommersiële boere, in albei die kommersiële streke gevoer om hul menings en kennis van grondhervorming te ondersoek. Verskeie temas is as besprekingspunte gestel, naamlik die geskiedenis van gedwonge verskuiwings, grondgebruik, grondpotensiaal, water hulpbronne en waar hul meen grondhervorming sou moes plaasvind. Onderhoude was in Afrikaans opgeneem, getranskribeer en in Engels vertaal. "Kognitiewe kaarte" was op deursigtige papier geteken wat oor 'n reeks topografiese kaarte van die gebied gelê is. Die resultate is versyfer en in Arelnfo gemanipuleer en daarna in ArcView ontleed en vir verslaglewering gekarteer. Die resultate van die tegniek beloof om vir beide besluitnemers en die publiek as deelnemers in die proses baie bruikbaar te wees. Dit verbreed ook die gebruik en toepassing van GISs en die sisteem se vermoëns. GISs kan egter nie alleenlik aangewend word om ontwikkeling en besluitneming vir die publiek beter of meer aanvaarbaar te maak nie. Alle mense se deelname is van die uiterste belang en waarde in die inisiëring, fasilitering en implementering van strategieë en projekte. Grondgebruiksbeplanning moet die verantwoordelikheid van almal word wat grond op plaaslike vlak gebruik of besit, nie net van die wat deur 'n probleem of program, soos grondhervorming, geraak word nie. 'n GIS kan aangewend word om die prosesse van ontwikkeling en besluitneming te vergemaklik deur analises vinniger en op 'n meer effektiewe manier te ondersoek vir beter en meer demokratiese besluitneming.
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Reed, Darcy Marie. "How Land Use Regulations Inform Sustainable Development: A Look at Commercial Development in Bakersfield, California." DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2013. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/1044.

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This research analyzes the relationship between local land use regulations and commercial development in the City of Bakersfield, California, specifically focusing on how the regulations are used to inform commercial development to be sustainable or not. This research contributes to similar research efforts through its contribution of the Sustainable Development Indicator Checklist, the tool used to measure sustainable development within the regulations as well as the built environment. Analysis of six case study locations falling under the C-B (Central Business), C-C (Commercial Center), and PCD (Planned Commercial Development) zone designations indicated the local land use regulations were not informing development to be particularly sustainable, mostly due to vague language, constraining language, and sometimes a combination of the two. Recommendations are made for how the City of Bakersfield can improve the land use regulations to be more pertinent to the process of informing future commercial development to be more sustainable.
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Law, King-wai. "Planning considerations and requirements for underground development : case study of Tsim Sha Tsui underground commercial development /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1994. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B14014865.

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Books on the topic "Commercial land"

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Chicago (Ill.). Mayor's Task Force on Neighborhood Land Use. Industrial and commercial land use. [Chicago, Ill.]: The Task Force, 1987.

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Resources, Ontario Ministry of Natural. Ontario's crown land commercial uses. Toronto, Ont: Ministry of Natural Resources = Ministère des richesses naturelles, 1993.

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Gross, Morton G. Land development and commercial real estate problems. [Toronto]: Faculty of Law, University of Toronto, 1994.

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Gross, Morton G. Land development and commercial real estate problems. [Toronto]: Faculty of Law, University of Toronto, 1995.

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Gross, Morton G. Land development and commercial real estate problems. [Toronto]: Faculty of Law, University of Toronto, 1990.

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Gross, Morton G. Land development and commercial real estate problems. [Toronto]: Faculty of Law, University of Toronto, 1993.

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Gross, Morton G. Land development and commercial real estate problems. [Toronto]: Faculty of Law, University of Toronto, 1997.

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Gross, Morton G. Land development and commercial real estate problems. [Toronto]: Faculty of Law, University of Toronto, 1991.

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Gross, Morton G. Land development and commercial real estate problems. [Toronto]: Faculty of Law, University of Toronto, 1992.

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Gross, Morton G. Land development and commercial real estate problems. [Toronto]: Faculty of Law, University of Toronto, 1987.

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Book chapters on the topic "Commercial land"

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Harvey, Jack, and Ernie Jowsey. "The Impact of Finance on the Commercial Property Market." In Urban Land Econimics, 126–43. London: Macmillan Education UK, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-137-10336-9_9.

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Johannsen, Chris J., Terry W. Barney, and Albert A. Klingebiel. "Residential, Commercial, and Light Industrial Land Uses." In Planning the Uses and Management of Land, 485–97. Madison, WI, USA: American Society of Agronomy, Crop Science Society of America, Soil Science Society of America, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2134/agronmonogr21.c20.

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Brouwer, Henk J. "Land Policy and Vacancies in the Metropolitan Amsterdam Office Market." In European Metropolitan Commercial Real Estate Markets, 103–31. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-37852-2_5.

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Tarng, Ming-Ren, Zeying Ma, Karu Alahapperuma, and J. Edward Glass. "Associative Thickeners in the Land of Commercial Reality: Coating Formulations." In Advances in Chemistry, 449–86. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ba-1996-0248.ch024.

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Jirout, Brian. "Lessons of Landsat: From Experimental Program to Commercial Land Imaging, 1969–1989." In NASA Spaceflight, 155–83. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-60113-7_6.

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Ďurisová, Lucia, and Hartmut Asche. "Mapping Land Cover with Commercial and Freeware Image Classification Software – An Example from Bavaria, Germany." In Lecture Notes in Geoinformation and Cartography, 77–87. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-03294-3_5.

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Aljoufie, Mohammed. "Land Use, Transport, and Sustainability: Spatial Analysis of Commercial Centers and Public Transport Interaction in Jeddah." In Urban and Transit Planning, 289–95. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-17308-1_27.

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Pelykh, N. M., N. M. Pivkin, A. P. Talalaev, R. P. Savelov, and Y. A. Byakov. "Small-Sized Sources of Seismic Signals on the Basis of High Energy Condensed Systems for Transition Areas Ground - Water and Almost Inaccessible Regions of a Land." In Application of Demilitarized Gun and Rocket Propellants in Commercial Explosives, 85–89. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-4381-3_12.

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Tsuruta, Tadasu. "The Impasse of Contemporary Agro-pastoralism in Central Tanzania: Environmental Pressures in the Face of Land Scarcity and Commercial Agricultural Investment." In The Environmental Crunch in Africa, 207–40. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-77131-1_8.

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"Commercial Land Uses." In Planning for Crime Prevention, 196–206. Routledge, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203645055-30.

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Conference papers on the topic "Commercial land"

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DeLong, III, Hugh K. "Land-Based Innovations for Stopping Commercial Aircraft." In First Congress of Transportation and Development Institute (TDI). Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/41167(398)30.

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Povinelli, Louis A. "Technical Challenges for Commercial Supersonic Propulsion." In ASME Turbo Expo 2010: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2010-23720.

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The NASA Supersonics Project is focused on overcoming the major technical challenges associated with the development of commercial supersonic flight. The NASA Project has identified a number of technical issues that must be overcome in order for this mode of flight to become practical. In particular, the propulsion technologies must meet all of the current subsonic engine noise and emissions regulations at takeoff and landing, as well as acceptable particulate and water emissions at high altitude. High specific thrust will be required, and the effect of shocks associated with the engine inlets, nacelles and exhaust plumes must be minimized in order to achieve a low boom signature. High temperature, light weight materials are vital to achieving acceptable long range durability and efficiency. The main emphasis of this paper will be concerned with the improvements required for the propulsion system in order to achieve the goals established over the 2015 to 2030 time period. The need to successfully integrate the engine with the vehicle remains a critical issue that needs to be accomplished. This presentation presents the ongoing research activities toward achieving these goals.
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Lei, Lu, Liu Xiaowei, and Deng Mingxiang. "Analysis on difference of commercial rent in allocated land and transferred land in Kunming." In Fifth International Conference on Public Management : International Collaboration for Innovated Public Governance (ICPM 2018). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/icpm-18.2018.48.

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Viruly, Francois, and Alan Dinnie. "A Working Model for Commercial Asset Development on Municipal Land." In 13th African Real Estate Society Conference. African Real Estate Society, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.15396/afres2013_118.

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"Speculation in Commercial Land and Real Estate Markets - The Land Authority for Wales: A Case Study." In 9th European Real Estate Society Conference: ERES Conference 2002. ERES, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.15396/eres2002_228.

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Smith, G. M., R. M. Fuller, C. Costa, and B. J. Devereux. "An integrated vector/raster system for land cover mapping." In IEE Colloquium on Integrated Systems for Commercial Remote Sensing Applications. IEE, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/ic:19980087.

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Turevskiy, Arkadiy, Richard Meisner, Robert H. Luppold, Ronald A. Kern, and James W. Fuller. "A Model-Based Controller for Commercial Aero Gas Turbines." In ASME Turbo Expo 2002: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2002-30041.

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This article describes the design and development of a model-based control system for a large commercial aero gas turbine engine. The control system, referred to as the Integrated Margin Management (IMM) control, exploits a real-time engine model (RTEM) to estimate control loop feedback signals, enabling the implementation of nontraditional control modes. These nontraditional control modes include algorithms for controlling, optimizing, and/or trading off margins to key operational limits such as thrust, compressor stability, combustor stability, turbine life, redline limits, and emissions. An overview of the results produced with the IMM controller design illustrates the feasibility of this approach for commercial aero gas turbine applications.
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Hashimoto, Takao, Katsuhiro Ota, and Takashi Fujii. "Progress Update for Commercial Plants of Air Blown IGCC." In ASME Turbo Expo 2007: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2007-28348.

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Integrated Coal Gasification Combined Cycle (IGCC) is attracting considerable attention as clean coal technology for several reasons, including rising natural gas price, escalating environmental scrutiny and fuel diversification. Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd. (MHI) has developed an air-blown two stage entrained bed coal gasifier, which realizes the highest net plant efficiency by using a smaller ASU (Air Separation Unit), dry coal feed, and excellent reliability with a membrane water wall structure. A 250 MW demonstration plant is currently under construction in Japan and scheduled to start operation in 2007. This plant will validate MHI Air Blown technology under dispatching conditions. In the mean time, responding to increasing interest on this technology around the world, MHI is expediting the design of a 500MW IGCC plant to be operated with G class gas turbines. The MHI air blown gasifier concept is particularly attractive to the US market, not only because of the higher efficiency, when compared with oxygen blown designs, but because of its capability to handle a wide variety of coals including PRB. This paper will discuss what kind of IGCC will soon be commercially available and how it will fit practical needs in the US market showing the time schedule of realization of commercial plants and economical evaluation in addition to the technical integrity. MHI believes that IGCC is one of the most important clean coal technologies to contribute to worldwide energy security and environmental needs.
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Phi, V. M., J. L. Mauzey, V. G. McDonell, and G. S. Samuelsen. "Fuel Injection and Emissions Characteristics of a Commercial Microturbine Generator." In ASME Turbo Expo 2004: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2004-54039.

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Microturbine generators (MTGs) offer an attractive alternative for addressing future demand for electrical power. However, increasingly stringent emission regulations such as those found in California pose a major technical challenge that these devices must overcome if they are to make significant market penetrations. In the context of these regulations, the present study characterizes the exhaust emissions and mixing capability of a commercial MTG and assesses (1) the ability of this device to meet future emissions regulatory requirement and (2) the extent to which mixing can be used to reduce emissions. The results establish that, for this MTG, both NOx and CO are minimized for 80–100% load. Kinetics and CFD analysis illustrate how NOx emissions are affected by local equivalence ratios and how fuel staging and local quenching impact CO emissions. Measured injector premixing levels indicate a standard deviation of less than 4% relative to the mean. Subsequent analysis using a well-stirred reactor approach suggests a maximum of a 10% reduction in NOx could be achieved with further improved premixing.
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Biesinger, Thomas, Christian Cornelius, Christoph Rube, Andre´ Braune, Rubens Campregher, Philippe G. Godin, Gregor Schmid, and Laith Zori. "Unsteady CFD Methods in a Commercial Solver for Turbomachinery Applications." In ASME Turbo Expo 2010: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2010-22762.

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Modern CFD flow solvers can be readily used to obtain time-averaged results on industrial size turbomachinery flow problem at low computational cost and overall effort. On the other hand, time-accurate computations are still expensive and require substantial resources in CPU and computer memory. However, numerical techniques such as phase shift and time inclining method can be used to reduce overall computational cost and memory requirements. The unsteady effects of moving wakes, tip vortices and upstream propagation of shock waves in the front stages of multi-stage compressors are crucial to determine the stability and efficiency of gas turbines at part-load conditions. Accurate predictions of efficiency and aerodynamic stability of turbomachinery stages with strong blade row interaction based on transient CFD simulations are therefore of increasing importance today. The T106D turbine profile is under investigation as well as the transonic compressor test rig at Purdue. The main objective of this paper is to contribute to the understanding of unsteady flow phenomena that can lead to the next generation design of turbomachinery blading. Transient results obtained from simulations utilizing shape correction (phase shift) and time inclining methods in an implicit pressure-based solver, are compared with those of a full transient model in terms of computational cost and accuracy.
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Reports on the topic "Commercial land"

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Edmonds, J. A., M. A. Wise, R. D. Sands, R. A. Brown, and H. Kheshgi. Agriculture, land use, and commercial biomass energy. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/245553.

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Wolters, Gale L., Henry A. Pearson, Ronald E. Thill, V. Clark Baldwin, and Alton Martin. Response of Competing Vegetation to Site Preparation on West Gulf Coastal Plain Commercial Forest Land. New Orleans, LA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Southern Forest Experiment Station, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/so-gtr-116.

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N. Environmental Assessment for Leasing Land for the Siting, Construction and Operation of a Commercial AM Radio Antenna at Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), February 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/768271.

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Harold M. Keener, Mary H. Wicks, Tom Machamer, Dave Hoecke, Don Bonk, and Bob Brown. 10 MMBt/Hr AFBC Commercial Demonstration Cedar Lane Farms. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/920021.

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Becker, Sarah, Megan Maloney, and Andrew Griffin. A multi-biome study of tree cover detection using the Forest Cover Index. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), September 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/42003.

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Tree cover maps derived from satellite and aerial imagery directly support civil and military operations. However, distinguishing tree cover from other vegetative land covers is an analytical challenge. While the commonly used Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) can identify vegetative cover, it does not consistently distinguish between tree and low-stature vegetation. The Forest Cover Index (FCI) algorithm was developed to take the multiplicative product of the red and near infrared bands and apply a threshold to separate tree cover from non-tree cover in multispectral imagery (MSI). Previous testing focused on one study site using 2-m resolution commercial MSI from WorldView-2 and 30-m resolution imagery from Landsat-7. New testing in this work used 3-m imagery from PlanetScope and 10-m imagery from Sentinel-2 in imagery in sites across 12 biomes in South and Central America and North Korea. Overall accuracy ranged between 23% and 97% for Sentinel-2 imagery and between 51% and 98% for PlanetScope imagery. Future research will focus on automating the identification of the threshold that separates tree from other land covers, exploring use of the output for machine learning applications, and incorporating ancillary data such as digital surface models and existing tree cover maps.
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Duvvuri, Sarvani, and Srinivas S. Pulugurtha. Researching Relationships between Truck Travel Time Performance Measures and On-Network and Off-Network Characteristics. Mineta Transportation Institute, July 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31979/mti.2021.1946.

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Trucks serve significant amount of freight tonnage and are more susceptible to complex interactions with other vehicles in a traffic stream. While traffic congestion continues to be a significant ‘highway’ problem, delays in truck travel result in loss of revenue to the trucking companies. There is a significant research on the traffic congestion mitigation, but a very few studies focused on data exclusive to trucks. This research is aimed at a regional-level analysis of truck travel time data to identify roads for improving mobility and reducing congestion for truck traffic. The objectives of the research are to compute and evaluate the truck travel time performance measures (by time of the day and day of the week) and use selected truck travel time performance measures to examine their correlation with on-network and off-network characteristics. Truck travel time data for the year 2019 were obtained and processed at the link level for Mecklenburg County, Wake County, and Buncombe County, NC. Various truck travel time performance measures were computed by time of the day and day of the week. Pearson correlation coefficient analysis was performed to select the average travel time (ATT), planning time index (PTI), travel time index (TTI), and buffer time index (BTI) for further analysis. On-network characteristics such as the speed limit, reference speed, annual average daily traffic (AADT), and the number of through lanes were extracted for each link. Similarly, off-network characteristics such as land use and demographic data in the near vicinity of each selected link were captured using 0.25 miles and 0.50 miles as buffer widths. The relationships between the selected truck travel time performance measures and on-network and off-network characteristics were then analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficient analysis. The results indicate that urban areas, high-volume roads, and principal arterial roads are positively correlated with the truck travel time performance measures. Further, the presence of agricultural, light commercial, heavy commercial, light industrial, single-family residential, multi-family residential, office, transportation, and medical land uses increase the truck travel time performance measures (decrease the operational performance). The methodological approach and findings can be used in identifying potential areas to serve as truck priority zones and for planning decentralized delivery locations.
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Atkinson, Dan, and Alex Hale, eds. From Source to Sea: ScARF Marine and Maritime Panel Report. Society of Antiquaries of Scotland, September 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.9750/scarf.09.2012.126.

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The main recommendations of the panel report can be summarised under four headings: 1. From Source to Sea: River systems, from their source to the sea and beyond, should form the focus for research projects, allowing the integration of all archaeological work carried out along their course. Future research should take a holistic view of the marine and maritime historic environment, from inland lakes that feed freshwater river routes, to tidal estuaries and out to the open sea. This view of the landscape/seascape encompasses a very broad range of archaeology and enables connections to be made without the restrictions of geographical or political boundaries. Research strategies, programmes From Source to Sea: ScARF Marine and Maritime Panel Report iii and projects can adopt this approach at multiple levels; from national to site-specific, with the aim of remaining holistic and cross-cutting. 2. Submerged Landscapes: The rising research profile of submerged landscapes has recently been embodied into a European Cooperation in Science and Technology (COST) Action; Submerged Prehistoric Archaeology and Landscapes of the Continental Shelf (SPLASHCOS), with exciting proposals for future research. Future work needs to be integrated with wider initiatives such as this on an international scale. Recent projects have begun to demonstrate the research potential for submerged landscapes in and beyond Scotland, as well as the need to collaborate with industrial partners, in order that commercially-created datasets can be accessed and used. More data is required in order to fully model the changing coastline around Scotland and develop predictive models of site survival. Such work is crucial to understanding life in early prehistoric Scotland, and how the earliest communities responded to a changing environment. 3. Marine & Maritime Historic Landscapes: Scotland’s coastal and intertidal zones and maritime hinterland encompass in-shore islands, trans-continental shipping lanes, ports and harbours, and transport infrastructure to intertidal fish-traps, and define understanding and conceptualisation of the liminal zone between the land and the sea. Due to the pervasive nature of the Marine and Maritime historic landscape, a holistic approach should be taken that incorporates evidence from a variety of sources including commercial and research archaeology, local and national societies, off-shore and onshore commercial development; and including studies derived from, but not limited to history, ethnology, cultural studies, folklore and architecture and involving a wide range of recording techniques ranging from photography, laser imaging, and sonar survey through to more orthodox drawn survey and excavation. 4. Collaboration: As is implicit in all the above, multi-disciplinary, collaborative, and cross-sector approaches are essential in order to ensure the capacity to meet the research challenges of the marine and maritime historic environment. There is a need for collaboration across the heritage sector and beyond, into specific areas of industry, science and the arts. Methods of communication amongst the constituent research individuals, institutions and networks should be developed, and dissemination of research results promoted. The formation of research communities, especially virtual centres of excellence, should be encouraged in order to build capacity.
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Walsh, Alex. The Contentious Politics of Tunisia’s Natural Resource Management and the Prospects of the Renewable Energy Transition. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), February 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2021.048.

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For many decades in Tunisia, there has been a robust link between natural resource management and contentious national and local politics. These disputes manifest in the form of protests, sit-ins, the disruption of production and distribution and legal suits on the one hand, and corporate and government response using coercive and concessionary measures on the other. Residents of resource-rich areas and their allies protest the inequitable distribution of their local natural wealth and the degradation of their health, land, water, soil and air. They contest a dynamic that tends to bring greater benefit to Tunisia’s coastal metropolitan areas. Natural resource exploitation is also a source of livelihoods and the contentious politics around them have, at times, led to somewhat more equitable relationships. The most important actors in these contentious politics include citizens, activists, local NGOs, local and national government, international commercial interests, international NGOs and multilateral organisations. These politics fit into wider and very longstanding patterns of wealth distribution in Tunisia and were part of the popular alienation that drove the uprising of 2011. In many ways, the dynamic of the contentious politics is fundamentally unchanged since prior to the uprising and protests have taken place within the same month of writing of this paper. Looking onto this scene, commentators use the frame of margins versus centre (‘marginalization’), and also apply the lens of labour versus capital. If this latter lens is applied, not only is there continuity from prior to 2011, there is continuity with the colonial era when natural resource extraction was first industrialised and internationalised. In these ways, the management of Tunisia’s natural wealth is a significant part of the country’s serious political and economic challenges, making it a major factor in the street politics unfolding at the time of writing.
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Downing, W. Logan, Howell Li, William T. Morgan, Cassandra McKee, and Darcy M. Bullock. Using Probe Data Analytics for Assessing Freeway Speed Reductions during Rain Events. Purdue University, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284317350.

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Rain impacts roadways such as wet pavement, standing water, decreased visibility, and wind gusts and can lead to hazardous driving conditions. This study investigates the use of high fidelity Doppler data at 1 km spatial and 2-minute temporal resolution in combination with commercial probe speed data on freeways. Segment-based space-mean speeds were used and drops in speeds during rainfall events of 5.5 mm/hour or greater over a one-month period on a section of four to six-lane interstate were assessed. Speed reductions were evaluated as a time series over a 1-hour window with the rain data. Three interpolation methods for estimating rainfall rates were tested and seven metrics were developed for the analysis. The study found sharp drops in speed of more than 40 mph occurred at estimated rainfall rates of 30 mm/hour or greater, but the drops did not become more severe beyond this threshold. The average time of first detected rainfall to impacting speeds was 17 minutes. The bilinear method detected the greatest number of events during the 1-month period, with the most conservative rate of predicted rainfall. The range of rainfall intensities were estimated between 7.5 to 106 mm/hour for the 39 events. This range was much greater than the heavy rainfall categorization at 16 mm/hour in previous studies reported in the literature. The bilinear interpolation method for Doppler data is recommended because it detected the greatest number of events and had the longest rain duration and lowest estimated maximum rainfall out of three methods tested, suggesting the method balanced awareness of the weather conditions around the roadway with isolated, localized rain intensities.
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Saville, Alan, and Caroline Wickham-Jones, eds. Palaeolithic and Mesolithic Scotland : Scottish Archaeological Research Framework Panel Report. Society for Antiquaries of Scotland, June 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.9750/scarf.06.2012.163.

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Why research Palaeolithic and Mesolithic Scotland? Palaeolithic and Mesolithic archaeology sheds light on the first colonisation and subsequent early inhabitation of Scotland. It is a growing and exciting field where increasing Scottish evidence has been given wider significance in the context of European prehistory. It extends over a long period, which saw great changes, including substantial environmental transformations, and the impact of, and societal response to, climate change. The period as a whole provides the foundation for the human occupation of Scotland and is crucial for understanding prehistoric society, both for Scotland and across North-West Europe. Within the Palaeolithic and Mesolithic periods there are considerable opportunities for pioneering research. Individual projects can still have a substantial impact and there remain opportunities for pioneering discoveries including cemeteries, domestic and other structures, stratified sites, and for exploring the huge evidential potential of water-logged and underwater sites. Palaeolithic and Mesolithic archaeology also stimulates and draws upon exciting multi-disciplinary collaborations. Panel Task and Remit The panel remit was to review critically the current state of knowledge and consider promising areas of future research into the earliest prehistory of Scotland. This was undertaken with a view to improved understanding of all aspects of the colonization and inhabitation of the country by peoples practising a wholly hunter-fisher-gatherer way of life prior to the advent of farming. In so doing, it was recognised as particularly important that both environmental data (including vegetation, fauna, sea level, and landscape work) and cultural change during this period be evaluated. The resultant report, outlines the different areas of research in which archaeologists interested in early prehistory work, and highlights the research topics to which they aspire. The report is structured by theme: history of investigation; reconstruction of the environment; the nature of the archaeological record; methodologies for recreating the past; and finally, the lifestyles of past people – the latter representing both a statement of current knowledge and the ultimate aim for archaeologists; the goal of all the former sections. The document is reinforced by material on-line which provides further detail and resources. The Palaeolithic and Mesolithic panel report of ScARF is intended as a resource to be utilised, built upon, and kept updated, hopefully by those it has helped inspire and inform as well as those who follow in their footsteps. Future Research The main recommendations of the panel report can be summarized under four key headings:  Visibility: Due to the considerable length of time over which sites were formed, and the predominant mobility of the population, early prehistoric remains are to be found right across the landscape, although they often survive as ephemeral traces and in low densities. Therefore, all archaeological work should take into account the expectation of Palaeolithic and Mesolithic ScARF Panel Report iv encountering early prehistoric remains. This applies equally to both commercial and research archaeology, and to amateur activity which often makes the initial discovery. This should not be seen as an obstacle, but as a benefit, and not finding such remains should be cause for question. There is no doubt that important evidence of these periods remains unrecognised in private, public, and commercial collections and there is a strong need for backlog evaluation, proper curation and analysis. The inadequate representation of Palaeolithic and Mesolithic information in existing national and local databases must be addressed.  Collaboration: Multi-disciplinary, collaborative, and cross- sector approaches must be encouraged – site prospection, prediction, recognition, and contextualisation are key areas to this end. Reconstructing past environments and their chronological frameworks, and exploring submerged and buried landscapes offer existing examples of fruitful, cross-disciplinary work. Palaeolithic and Mesolithic archaeology has an important place within Quaternary science and the potential for deeply buried remains means that geoarchaeology should have a prominent role.  Innovation: Research-led projects are currently making a substantial impact across all aspects of Palaeolithic and Mesolithic archaeology; a funding policy that acknowledges risk and promotes the innovation that these periods demand should be encouraged. The exploration of lesser known areas, work on different types of site, new approaches to artefacts, and the application of novel methodologies should all be promoted when engaging with the challenges of early prehistory.  Tackling the ‘big questions’: Archaeologists should engage with the big questions of earliest prehistory in Scotland, including the colonisation of new land, how lifestyles in past societies were organized, the effects of and the responses to environmental change, and the transitions to new modes of life. This should be done through a holistic view of the available data, encompassing all the complexities of interpretation and developing competing and testable models. Scottish data can be used to address many of the currently topical research topics in archaeology, and will provide a springboard to a better understanding of early prehistoric life in Scotland and beyond.
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