Academic literature on the topic 'Commercial law, nigeria'
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Journal articles on the topic "Commercial law, nigeria"
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Orji, Uchenna Jerome. "Law and Practice of Conciliation in Nigeria." Journal of African Law 56, no. 1 (February 13, 2012): 87–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021855311000246.
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AbstractThis article gives a general overview of an alternative dispute resolution (ADR) mechanism known as “conciliation” and the legal framework relating to its practice in Nigeria. Using the UNCITRAL Model Law on International Commercial Conciliation as a normative framework, the article critically analyses the proposed reforms to the existing legal framework for conciliation in Nigeria which are contained in the Nigerian Federal Arbitration and Conciliation Draft Bill and exposes some of its deficiencies. It also investigates the effect of the statutes of limitation on conciliation proceedings. The article also suggests that the institutionalization of conciliation will enhance its viability as an ADR mechanism in Nigeria.
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Amucheazi, Chibike, and Joshua Olewu. "Consumer Dissatisfaction in E-commerce Transactions: Protecting the Nigerian Consumers." Business Law Review 44, Issue 3 (June 1, 2023): 117–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/bula2023014.
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Information Communication Technology (ICT) has had a significant impact on modern trade and commerce in Nigeria. Unfortunately, the impact of digitization and digital technology on commercial transactions has exposed consumers in Nigeria to a variety of issues, most notably consumer dissatisfaction. The phrase ‘what you ordered versus what you got’ has become popular as a result of unfair business practices and phoney advertising. Despite this, the efficacy of existing laws to safeguard consumers in Nigerian e-commerce transactions has now been called into question, as they continue to be subjected to unfair trade practices and deceptive advertising with limited legal recourse. As a result, this paper analyses the existing legislation in Nigeria that safeguards consumers’ rights and interests in e-commerce transactions. To achieve this aim, this paper adopts the doctrinal research methodology and finds that the extant laws for the protection of consumers in e-commerce transactions in Nigeria are outdated and not adequate to prevent exploitation and unfair trade practices. Consequently, it argues that there is an urgent need for the amendment of the existing laws to protect the rights of consumers in e-commerce transactions. E-commerce, consumer satisfaction, consumer protection law, Nigerian laws, consumer dissatisfaction, commercial law
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Ufot, Dorothy. "The Influence of the New York Convention on the Development of International Arbitration in Nigeria." Journal of International Arbitration 25, Issue 6 (December 1, 2008): 821–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/joia2008064.
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Nigeria acceded to the New York Convention on March 17, 1970, adopting both the commercial and reciprocal reservations. Ever since, the Convention has influenced the development of arbitration as a mechanism for resolving international commercial disputes in Nigeria, with the implementation of the Convention by the Arbitration and Conciliation Act, 1988. Specifically, Sections 51 and 52 of the Arbitration and Conciliation Act are in pari materia with Articles IV and V of the New York Convention on the recognition and enforcement of arbitral awards and the grounds for the refusal of recognition and enforcement of awards. This article discusses how Nigerian courts have interpreted Article V of the New York Convention and Section 52 of the Arbitration and Conciliation Act, in relation to the issues of validity, capacity, procedural due process, arbitrability and public policy, when confronted with applications to deny recognition and enforcement of arbitral awards. The article concludes that although there is generally a “pro-enforcement bias,” by Nigerian courts, in line with global practice, nonetheless, recognition and enforcement may be refused in circumstances relating to the issues which arise under Article V of the New York Convention.
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Nnona, Chukwuemeka G. "Group Interests in Nigeria’s Companies and Allied Matters Act: a History of Subterranean Regulatory Capture." African Journal of Legal Studies 11, no. 2-3 (September 16, 2018): 201–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/17087384-12340033.
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AbstractThis article explores regulatory capture of aspects of company and securities law and the related law-making process by interest groups within Nigeria’s commercial and bureaucratic classes. Using several examples, the paper draws out the reach and character of these interests. The paper’s central argument is that the presence and reach of such group interests in Nigerian company law-making have hitherto been masked by the standard stylized rhetoric and presentation of company law and company law-making in Nigeria as formal, scripted affairs, but acknowledging these interests and delineating their contours conduce to their prophylaxis in law-making as well as their treatment in company law adjudication.
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Iheme, Williams C., and Sanford U. Mba. "Towards Reforming Nigeria's Secured Transactions Law: The Central Bank of Nigeria's Attempt through the Back Door." Journal of African Law 61, no. 1 (January 25, 2017): 131–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021855317000043.
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AbstractIn response to the inability of micro, small and medium scale enterprises (MSMEs) to access credit to finance their business operations, the governor of the Central Bank of Nigeria passed the Central Bank of Nigeria (Registration of Security Interests in Movable Property by Banks and Other Financial Institutions in Nigeria) Regulations, No 1, 2015. The purport of this regulation is, among other things, to ensure that MSMEs can use items of personal property to create security. This article critically examines the regulation in the light of the building blocks of article 9 of the US Uniform Commercial Code, which is not only a paradigmatic piece of legislation but appears to be the model on which the Nigerian regulation is based. This critical examination leads the authors to conclude that, although the regulation represents the first steps to reform, much more remains to be done to ensure effectiveness.
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Torgbor, E. "Commercial Arbitration Law and Practice in Nigeria, by Paul Oboarenegbe Idornigie." Arbitration International 32, no. 2 (October 28, 2015): 386–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/arbint/aiv065.
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Babalola, Afe, and Clement C. Chigbo. "Recent Developments in the Nigerian Company Law." ABUAD Private and Business Law Journal 2, no. 1 (August 31, 2018): 1–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.53982/apblj.2018.0201.01-j.
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One of the various modes of doing business is to form a registered company. Prospective business persons and entrepreneurs who are desirous of pursuing commercial ventures in Nigeria would be forming companies limited by shares (that is a company where the liability of the shareholders for the debts of the company is limited to the amount unpaid on their shares). There are other types of company and business entities that can be registered in Nigeria (e.g. the company limited by guarantee and trust companies etc.). The contribution of the Company Law of Nigeria to orderly regulate business and economic affairs need not be overemphasized. The earliest known piece of company legislation of significance in Nigeria was the Company Act of 1912 which at first applied only to the colony of Lagos. It was later extended to the whole of the country. Plainly, students and practitioners will wish to know something of the ways in which the company law of tomorrow is likely to develop if the reforms which are now being planned or proposed receive the blessing of the present government. Thus it has been necessary to discuss some of the innovative changes being proposed in the anticipated Amendment to our Company Legislation. It became apparent that the entire Nigerian corporate landscape was heavily hamstrung by several provisions in the CAMA 2004 which have been described as impeding modern business practices in the light of national and global reforms. It has therefore been determined that the provisions of the current Act are not in tandem with global trends and that same requires extensive amendments to make the Act more contemporary and relevant. This commentary discusses/examines some of these amendments in context.
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Ugwuokpe, Kenneth. "Limitation Period for Enforcing Arbitral Awards in Nigeria: A Case of Justice Without Remedy." Journal of International Arbitration 40, Issue 3 (June 1, 2023): 343–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/joia2023015.
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In Murmansk State Steamship Line v. Kano Oil Millers Ltd, City Engineering Nigeria Ltd v. Federal Housing Authority and Tulip Nigeria Ltd v. Noleggioe Transport Maritime SAS, the Supreme Court of Nigeria held that the limitation period for enforcing arbitral awards runs from when the cause of action for arbitration arose and not when the awards were made, unless they contain Scott v. Avery clauses. The purpose of this article is to analyse if and to what extent such decisions constitute denial of access to justice against arbitral award creditors. Arbitration, international commercial arbitration, arbitral awards, enforcement of arbitral awards, limitation period, computation of time, Nigeria, Arbitration and Conciliation Act 1988, Supreme Court of Nigeria, access to justice
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Gogo, George Otuturu. "Some aspects of the law and practice of commercial arbitration in Nigeria." Journal of Law and Conflict Resolution 6, no. 4 (August 31, 2014): 67–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.5897/jlcr2014.0184.
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Adetoro, David Oluwadare. "Highlights of Nigeria’s Federal Competition and Consumer Protection Act 2018: An Overview." Business Law Review 42, Issue 6 (December 1, 2021): 300–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/bula2021041.
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The Federal Competition and Consumer Protection Act 2018 (FCCPA) was eventually signed into law in April 2019 and same is to be known as the Federal Competition and Consumer Protection Act. The Act repealed the Consumer Protection Act, Cap. 25, laws of the Federation of Nigeria, 2014 and established the Federal Competition and Consumer Protection Commission (FCCPC) and the Competition and Consumer Protection Tribunal for the development and promotion of fair, efficient and competitive markets in the Nigerian economy. This prized enactment came after a painstaking drafting process, which was saddled with many drafts, seminars, debates, and ‘behind-the-scenes maneuvers’. It remains to be seen whether it is now respite to the consumers or yet another regulatory hype. (There are yet to be any real judicial proceedings in this matter save for some administrative measures that have been taken in recent times.) Consumer Protection, competition law, Nigeria, commercial transactions, Federal Competition and Consumer Protection Act.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Commercial law, nigeria"
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Sani, Sani Baba. "The regulatory environment for foreign investments in Nigeria." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/12969.
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Includes bibliographical references.Foreign investment is one of the key elements of economic development in Nigeria. Yet the process of regulating it is challenging and problematic, particularly in the northern parts of Nigeria where people prefer informal investments and tend to ignore the necessary laws governing investments. Today in Nigeria as in most African countries, there are many investors, most of them from Asia, who are very insensitive to the rule of law. They invest and carry out business in Nigeria and particularly northern Nigeria often in breach of investment laws. Nigerian investment regulatory laws were made to provide security and protection of investors’ interests, but these laws are ignored due to their technicality. There is no doubt that the regulatory environment for investment will work better and more securely when there is a system of compliance. The dissertation will focus on the theoretical and practical analysis of investment security laws in Nigeria, and not the root of investment as a concept itself which is beyond the scope of this work.
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Monye, Ogochukwu Fidelia. "Rethinking the legal and institutional framework for digital financial inclusion in Nigeria." Doctoral thesis, Faculty of Law, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/33857.
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About 1.7 billion people globally and 36.8 per cent of Nigerians have no access to financial services due to reasons such as distance, financial illiteracy, irregular income, unemployment and account ineligibility. Justifications for the research include the scale of financial exclusion, the proven capacity of financial inclusion to lift people out of poverty, the need for tailored regulatory policies and the opportunity to harness the value and ubiquity of digital financial services (DFS) for the financially excluded. This research examines the broad question: how suitable are the enabling laws and institutions for digital financial services in Nigeria for addressing the needs of the financially excluded? In considering this broad question, the reasons as to why many Nigerians remain financially excluded, in spite of the abundance of regulatory initiatives, are addressed. Using a combination of doctrinal and empirical methods, the burden of accessing financial services is highlighted, strategies for financial inclusion are considered and options for suitable legal and institutional frameworks are explored. In summary, financial inclusion is broadly discussed in chapter one, while a law and development theoretical and analytical framework is constructed in chapter two. Chapter three examines the legal and institutional framework for financial inclusion in Nigeria while the barriers to financial access are discussed in chapter four. The empirical component of the research is analysed in chapter five, and chapter six considers the impact and prospects of eight new and emerging technologies on financial inclusion. The thesis concludes with recommendations and conclusions in chapter seven. Research results indicate that the path to financial inclusion in Nigeria is characterised by a myriad of laws, slow DFS adoption rates, a bank-centred regulatory model and a wide disparity in the pattern of inclusion across gender and geographical locations. Transaction costs remain high and cash is still king. Recommendations such as adopting a more consumer-centred approach to regulation, permitting alternative providers for on-boarding and adapting laws and regulatory policies tailored to the needs of the excluded are made. Additionally, it is recommended that increased financial literacy and transactional capacity are needed to harness digital financial services. It is expected that the findings of this research will inform regulatory changes that will enable a methodical migration of more of the financially excluded class into the formal finance sector.
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Eniola, Abimbola. "A comparative analysis of shareholders' appraisal rights in Nigeria and South Africa." Master's thesis, Faculty of Law, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/31504.
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First, this study stems from the urge to bring clarity as to whether, in Nigeria, there is a statutory framework based on which shareholders can seek appraisal in relation to their shares at any point in time. This is significant in that the corporate statutes in both South Africa and Nigeria provide for similar mechanisms for the protection of minority shareholders in almost every respect including the prejudicial and oppression remedy, derivative actions, squeeze-outs and so on, excepting the appraisal rights. Whilst there is clarity as to the existence of the appraisal remedy provision in South Africa’s corporate statute, the same cannot be said of Nigeria’s corporate statute. Consequently, the primary goal of this study is to identify if there is a framework for the exercise of appraisal remedy in Nigeria’s corporate statute. In carrying out this study, this dissertation examines the various components of the appraisal right provision in South Africa in detail. This helps to provide an understanding around the structure and the rationale behind a standard appraisal right provision. It is based on this understanding that certain pre-identified provisions in Nigeria’s corporate statutes will be investigated with a view to identifying potential statutory framework bearing semblance to South Africa’s appraisal right provision.
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Aluko, Adebowale. "Towards a more effective legal framework for investor-state arbitration in Nigeria." Master's thesis, Faculty of Law, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/33622.
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There has been a backlash against the Investor State Dispute Settlement (ISDS) system in recent times. Amongst other complaints, critics have argued that the ISDS whittles down the regulatory powers of states in favour of private adjudicators. These criticisms are premised on the fact that unlike commercial arbitration, investment arbitration awards may have far reaching effects on states. In response to these concerns, the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law (UNCITRAL) Working Group III and other similar bodies have been tasked to carry out reforms to address some of these issues. In spite of ongoing reforms, criticisms have continued with some countries abandoning the investor-state arbitration mechanism altogether. In Nigeria, the state of crisis in the judiciary has necessitated the need for a viable alternative to litigation. The ISDS framework therefore remains the preferrable option for the resolution of investment disputes. There have been recent attempts to amend the Arbitration and Conciliation Act 11 of 1988. Also, the Nigerian Investment Promotion Commission recently announced plans to reform the country's investment law framework. It is in the light of these developments that this research has been undertaken to examine the flaws in Nigeria's investment arbitration framework and reforms that may be introduced to address them. In making a case for the retention of the ISDS framework in Nigeria, this study critiques Nigeria's investment arbitration framework and explores a number of recommendations towards addressing current challenges. It is argued that the proposed solutions will improve the effectiveness of Nigeria's investment arbitration framework especially with respect to the legal framework for the consent of the Nigerian government to ICSID arbitration and in the area of court assisted measures and post-arbitral award litigation.
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Okoye, Ada Obianuju. "The role of law in the development of the nonprofit sector in Nigeria and South Africa." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/11306.
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Includes bibliographical references (p. 223-238).The study of the nonprofit sector as the conglomeration of private initiatives in addressing public needs is increasing to match the growth of formal and informal associations of people in countries across the world. While writers generally agree that these private sector initiatives are not a new thing, there is a recognition that there has been a resurgence of a deliberate, conscious need to build and maintain these associations of civil society.
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Iguodala, Egbe. "An evaluation of corporate governance legal frameworks in Nigeria: lessons from international organisations and other jurisdictions." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/20860.
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There is a global trend in the international community, within countries, and within corporate organizations for the promotion of good corporate governance practices. The aim is to foster sustainable development in countries and particularly within corporations at local, national, regional and international levels. This is because emerging reports and research seem to suggest that the effective implementation and practice of good corporate governance principles in a country promotes sustainable development and foreign direct investment, thus boosting the economy of that country. By implication it is only corporations which adopt good corporate governance practices that will achieve sustainable growth and development domestically and internationally in the competitive business environment. In Nigeria, given the fact that the practice of good governance by most corporate organizations is still a challenge, there is therefore a need for a corporate governance regulation that will serve as a baseline standard applicable to all companies registered, whether public or private. Accordingly, this thesis will be examining the existing corporate governance regulations and the newly released draft national corporate governance code in Nigeria to ascertain whether or not they address current corporate governance challenges and their compliance with international best practices.
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Schleiffer, Marais Prisca Christina Leonie. "Cross-border taking of evidence in civil and commercial matters in Switzerland, South Africa, Botswana, Namibia, Nigeria, and Uganda." Thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/10205.
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The thesis investigates the extent to which cross-border taking of evidence in civil and com-mercial matters in relation to Switzerland, South Africa, Botswana, Namibia, Nigeria, and Uganda is allowed. Such evidence-taking is not only governed by the domestic law of the state seeking evidence abroad and that of the state where the relevant means of proof are located, but also by public international law, and more specifically by the concept of sovereignty. The ad-missibility of the cross-border taking of evidence under public international law depends on whether or not evidence-gathering in civil litigation is regarded as a judicial act, which violates sovereignty when performed on foreign territory, or as a purely private act. In the first case, the evidentiary material has to be obtained through channels of international judicial assistance. Such assistance can either be rendered based on the basis of an international treaty, or through courtoisie internationale. No international judicial assistance is necessary in cases of a so-called “transfer of foreign evidence”, provided no compulsion is applied which infringes the sovereignty of the foreign state.
The thesis analyses the taking of evidence abroad based on the Hague Evidence Convention, and the Hague Procedure Convention. It further expounds how evidence located in Switzer-land, Botswana, Namibia, Nigeria, and Uganda can be obtained for the benefit of civil proceed-ings pending abroad in the absence of any relevant international treaty. The thesis also exam-ines under what conditions a litigant in civil proceedings in the aforementioned countries may request evidence to be taken on foreign soil. The position of cross-border taking of evidence in civil and commercial matters in the said countries is assessed, and suggestions are made on how such status quo may be improved. The thesis makes an attempt to establish the basic prin-ciples for a convention on evidence-taking in civil and commercial matters between South Af-rica, Botswana, Namibia, Nigeria, and Uganda. The development of such principles, however, is only possible once the similarities and differences in the procedure for the taking of evidence and the means of proof in the relevant laws of the aforesaid countries have been identified.Public, Constitutional, & International
LL.D.
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Tanfa, Denis Yomi. "Advance fee fraud." Thesis, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/2304.
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The focus of this thesis is on Advance Fee Fraud (419 scams) on how it is executed and more importantly, on how it can be prevented. The research addresses the origins of AFF, the nature and extent of this crime and how the perpetrators are able to defraud their victims. The research described, examined and analysed the crimes, the perpetrators, the victims, adjudication and the prevention strategies of this fraud. Information was gathered through literature and empirical research. A qualitative research method was used to gather information from AFF offenders who were incarcerated in South African prisons in 2005. The results of the empirical research were carefully examined, analyzed and integrated into the various chapters of this thesis. A theoretical framework was also developed in an attempt to explain this complex phenomenon. The findings and recommendations in terms of the crimes, the criminals, the victims, adjudication and prevention were also made and some suggestions for further research thereof were also cited.Criminology
D. Litt. et Phil. (Criminology)
Books on the topic "Commercial law, nigeria"
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Ajogwu, Fabian. Commercial arbitration in Nigeria: Law & practice. Oniru, Lagos, Nigeria: Centre for Commercial Law Development, 2013.
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Oshio, P. Ehi. Modern business law in Nigeria. Benin City [Nigeria]: Lulupath International, 1994.
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Kurfi, Aminu Kado. Business law in Nigeria. Kano, Nigeria: Benchmark Publishers Ltd., 2005.
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Okwelum, Onyema Chukwudi. Fundamentals of Business Law in Nigeria. Benin City, Edo State: Justice Jeco Printing and Publishing Global, 2012.
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Candide-Johnson, C. A. Commercial arbitration law andinternational practice in Nigeria. Ohio: LexisNexis, 2015.
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Mbu, Mary Victoria Iheanyichi. Introduction to company law in Nigeria. Calabar, Nigeria: Clear-Lines Publications, 2001.
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Uwakwe, Callistus E. Introduction to civil aviation law in Nigeria. Lagos, Nigeria: Aviation Pub. and Consultancy Co., 2006.
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Nwakoby, Greg Chukwudi. The law and practice of commercial arbitration in Nigeria. Uwani-Enugu: Iyke Ventures Production, 2004.
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Nwakoby, Greg Chukwudi. The law and practice of commercial arbitration in Nigeria. Enugu: Snaap Press Ltd., 2013.
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Onyeka, Obiaraeri Nnamdi. Law and policy on technology transfer to Nigeria. Owerri [Nigeria]: International Universities Press, 1995.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Commercial law, nigeria"
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Itanyi, Nkem, and Christian Aniukwu. "Seeking protection for use of images in commercial practices in Nigeria." In Nigerian Intellectual Property Law, 227–39. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003250883-19.
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Anastasia Eruaga, Osatohanmwen O. "Coastal State Regulation of the Use of Arms in the Private Protection of Commercial Vessels in the Gulf of Guinea: A Nigerian Perspective." In Nigerian Yearbook of International Law 2018/2019, 59–80. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-69594-1_4.
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Richard Frimpong, Oppong. "Part 2 National and Regional Reports, Part 2.1 Africa: Coordinated by Jan L Neels and Eesa A Fredericks, 11 Common Law Africa: Common Law African Perspectives on the Hague Principles." In Choice of Law in International Commercial Contracts. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198840107.003.0011.
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This chapter studies the common law African countries Gambia, Ghana, Kenya, Malawi, Nigeria, Sierra Leone, Tanzania, Uganda, and Zambia. Their main source of private international law rules is judicial decisions or case law. Because of the relatively underdeveloped nature of their private international law regimes, foreign case law often serves as an important source of persuasive authority. In this regard, the jurisprudence of the English courts is particularly persuasive and is often referred to by the courts. In general, an international convention or treaty does not have the force of law in the legal systems of the countries under study, unless it is expressly incorporated into national law. In essence, they are dualist countries. However, courts in some of the countries under study have demonstrated a willingness to seek guidance from international treaties that are not yet domestically in force, if the circumstances are appropriate. Thus, it is possible, that courts in the countries under study may be receptive to the Hague Principles, especially if argued by counsel.
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Agbiboa, Daniel E. "The Paradox of Urban Reform." In They Eat Our Sweat, 170–205. Oxford University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198861546.003.0007.
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This chapter examines the impact of the Lagos State Road Traffic Law of 2012 on the spaces of maneuvre and survival of informal transport operators in Lagos, with particular attention to motorbike-taxi (okada) drivers and their associations. On the one hand, the chapter explores the corrupt and brutal manner in which law enforcement agents in Lagos have enforced the Road Traffic Law. On the other hand, the chapter examines how and why the largest association of motorbike-taxi (okada) drivers in Lagos—the All Nigerian Autobike Commercial Owners and Workers Association (ANACOWA)—is appealing to state laws as a weapon of combat against the Lagos State Government and its law enforcement agents. The chapter sheds new light on how informal transport operators and their associations exercise agency and the right to the city in a collective attempt to intervene in the corrupt and unequal processes of neoliberal urban legislature and planning. Furthermore, the chapter demonstrates how urban reform in Africa can reproduce rather than address corruption and precarity in everyday life in the city.
Conference papers on the topic "Commercial law, nigeria"
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Onuoha, K. Mosto, and Chidozie I. Dim. "Prospects and Challenges of Developing Unconventional Petroleum Resources in the Anambra Inland Basin of Nigeria." In SPE/AAPG Africa Energy and Technology Conference. SPE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/afrc-2571791-ms.
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ABSTRACT The boom in the development of unconventional petroleum resources, particularly shale gas in the United States of America during the last decade has had far reaching implications for energy markets across the world and particularly for Nigeria, a country that traditionally has been Africa’s leading crude oil producer and exporter. The Cretaceous Anambra Basin is currently the only inland basin in Nigeria where the existence of commercial quantities of oil and gas has been proven (outside the Tertiary Niger Delta Basin). The possibility of similarly finding commercially viable resources of unconventional petroleum resources in the basin appears quite attractive on the basis of the existence of seepages of shale oil and presence of coal-bed methane in some of the coal seams of the Mamu Formation (Lower Coal Measures) in the basin. This paper presents the results of our preliminary assessment of the shale oil and gas resources of the Anambra Basin. Our main objective is to locate the zones of very high quality plays within the basin, focusing on their depositional environments (whether marine or non-marine), areal extent of the target shale formations, gross shale intervals, total organic content, and thermal maturity. Data on the total organic content (TOC %, by weight) and thermal maturity of shales from different wells in the basin show that many of the shales have high TOCs (i.e greater than 2%) comparable to known shale gas and shale oil plays globally. Shale oil seepages are known to occur around Lokpanta in south-eastern Nigeria, but there is a general predominance of gas-prone facies in our inland basins indicating good prospects for finding unconventional petroleum in this and other Nigerian inland sedimentary basins. The main challenge to the exploration of unconventional resources in Nigeria today has to do with the absence of the enabling laws and regulatory framework governing their exploration and subsequent exploitation. The revised Petroleum Industry Bill (PIB) currently under consideration in the National Assembly is expected to introduce drastic and lasting changes in the way the petroleum industry business is conducted in the country, but all the provisions of the draft law pertain mainly to conventional oil and gas resources.
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Betiku, Adedola, and Bassey Okon Bassey. "Exploring the Barriers to Implementation of Carbon Capture, Utilisation and Storage in Nigeria." In International Petroleum Technology Conference. IPTC, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2523/iptc-22387-ms.
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Abstract The global economy has increased CCUS technology development programmes to attain its commercial deployment, which is expected to be beneficial for developing countries such as Nigeria. This paper aims to examine the barriers to CCUS implementation in Nigeria by investigating the differences between global CCUS and Nigerian status, evaluating the perspectives of industry and government practitioners on the economic barriers to CCUS implementation, and identifying policy and industry strategies to deepen the adoption of CCUS. Study participants were selected using a purposive sampling technique to explore the opinions of personnel working in three oil-related agencies: Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation, Ministry of Petroleum Resources and Nigerian Liquefied Natural Gas. Information collected from existing literature and related reports on CCUS were critically analysed, whereas data from semi-structured interviews were generated by audio-recording of participants’ responses. These responses were transcribed from audio recordings for each participant and quality controlled by ensuring that transcripts matched the respective responses. Transcripts were analysed using thematic analysis, exploring the research theme using both theory and practice. The theoretical framework utilised PESTEL and SWOT analyses to evaluate the macro environment and the internal and external environment of CCUS implementation in Nigeria. PESTEL analysis showed that CCUS implementation in Nigeria is driven by various regulatory and policy frameworks, lack of adequate capital, public acceptance and infrastructure. Similarly, the SWOT analysis showed that Nigeria has enough coal reserves that could serve as a potential for CCUS implementation. However, Nigeria’s weaknesses include lack of expertise in CCUS technology, inadequate capital for CCUS investment and policy summersaults by successive governments. Nigeria should thus consider the introduction of subsidies to mitigate various barriers and challenges that hinder CCUS implementation, e.g., low tax rate for enterprises involved in CCUS implementation. There is also urgent need to improve funding of CCUS implementation through foreign direct investment or by the equity market. Furthermore, the importance for an enhanced technology to deepen the adoption of CCUS in Nigeria can not be overemphasized as the world moves towards decarbonisation and Net Zero.
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Adegun, Adedamola, Justine Mdondo, Chidozie Agbo, and Pheeyedi Samuel. "The Impact of the Petroleum Industry Act on the Economics of Small and Stranded Gas Fields in Nigeria." In SPE Nigeria Annual International Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/212013-ms.
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Abstract Nigeria's vast natural gas resources of over 600tcf are largely undeveloped and spread across the Niger Delta, Dahomey, Anambra and Benue basins. The Niger Delta basin is more developed but has been largely constrained by ‘oil-centric’ fiscal policies, ambiguous regulatory direction, and the preponderance of small (low reserves) and stranded (distant from infrastructure) fields. The gas (LNG) export business has flourished in Nigeria because it has benefitted from fiscal and legal incentives exogenous to the existing legal framework until the Petroleum Industry Act. With the enactment of the Petroleum Industry Act in 2021, the legal, fiscal and regulatory landscape of the industry changed. An omnibus legislation, it encompasses new ‘gas-centric’ policies, introduces targeted incentives, provides improved regulatory clarity and commercial steer particularly for the gas industry. The act created a distinct regulator for the gas industry, revised the incentives in the Associated/Non-Associated Gas Framework, detailed domestic pricing methodologies, reinforced government commitment to domestic supply obligation amongst others. In this paper, we analysed the Petroleum Industry Act, detailed the key drivers for gas business and assessed the impact on the viability of small and stranded gas fields. We highlighted the impact of the new fiscal terms on gas projects compared to the erstwhile terms and identified opportunities for government and investors to maximise value and meet gas production targets.
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Onwuemene, Onyeka. "Optimized Technical and Commercial Strategy for Marginal Field Re-Entry – A Case Study." In SPE Nigeria Annual International Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/207081-ms.
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Abstract This paper examines an optimized strategy and approach for executing a marginal field re-entry in the face of harsh global economic realities in the oil and gas sector. With dwindling and depressing oil prices driven by demand & supply volatility with root causes traceable to some factors such as the prevalent health pandemic, clamor for green energy, climate change discussions, geopolitics etc, the operating model for oil companies will need to drastically change to reflect current realities. Due to rapid global urbanization and increasing population amongst other factors, there is a corresponding huge appetite for oil to meet energy demands. This has led to exploration in unconventional terrains, utilization of the full extent of primary and secondary recovery mechanisms to attain high RFs in already producing fields and in some extreme cases, the development of marginal fields. In the Niger Delta area of Nigeria, marginal fields usually given up by Oil majors or abandoned following production exigencies and government laws are acquired and operated by indeginous companies. These indigenous players look for the most cost-effective means to produce these assets as it becomes the only way to make profit. A case study for field re-entry in the Niger Delta, which emphasized relatively/comparatively reduced capital outlay dependent on the technical approach is examined. Lessons learnt are drawn to aid enlightened go-forward actions and that will ensure a go-to template for similar future marginal field re-entry projects.
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Kelechi, F. M., and O. I. Owoka. "The Future Perspective: Geothermal Energy in Nigeria – An Option to be Explored." In SPE Nigeria Annual International Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/217204-ms.
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Abstract As the transition towards a green energy future intensifies, cleaner energy sources are expected to drive the decline in the demand for fossil fuels. This creates room for renewable energy sources such as geothermal. Geothermal energy is generated from the earth's crust which is transported through cracks and fractures in the host rocks and its natural fluids at temperatures above the ambient level. The rate of heat flow in the crust is estimated to be 59Mw/m2 [1.9*10-2 Btu/h/ft2]. In mature continental cratons, the geothermal gradient can be as low as 10 °C per kilometer. However, in active volcanic areas, it can exceed 100 °C per kilometer. A typical geothermal gradient of 25 °C km− 1 gives a conductive heat flux of 60 mWm− 2 for electricity generation. Considering the Nigerian basement complex, the estimated geothermal gradient of Borno and Sokoto States, both located in the Northern region are 1.1 to 5.9°C/100m with a heat flow of 8.9 to 117.8mW/m-2 and 0.9 to 7.6°C/100m with a geothermal heat flow of 52.11 to 130.28mWm-2 respectively. In addition, in eastern Nigeria, Anambra State, the estimated geothermal gradient is 2.5 to 4.9°C/100m with a heat flow of 64.4 to 97.3 mWm-2. Geothermal energy has the potential to improve Nigeria's current poor energy dynamic. Enhanced Geothermal System would exploit heat energy that is trapped in the subsurface host rock by creating an open system of connected fractures along which water can flow down the injection wells and get heated through contact with the rocks. This is then recovered to the surface in production wells to form a closed loop. The idea is an extrapolation that emulates a hydrothermal circulation system – which produces electricity that can be applied commercially.
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Anuka, Agnes, Celestine Udie, and Grace Aquah. "Prospects, Challenges and Way Forward in the Use of Hydraulic Fracturing For Oil and Gas Production From Igneous Rocks." In SPE Nigeria Annual International Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/207106-ms.
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Abstract Commercial accumulation of hydrocarbons occurs mostly in sedimentary rocks due to their high porosity and permeability. Increased global energy demand has necessitated the need for unconventional methods of oil production. The world is gradually moving away from reliability on conventional oils. The need to ensure global energy sustainability has necessitated an urgent diversion to unconventional oils. In recent times, hydrocarbon accumulations have been found in igneous rocks. Their low porosity and permeability however prevents commercial production as oil and gas found in these rocks will not flow. Hydraulic fracturing is useful in increasing rock porosity as it involves the breaking of rocks to allow oil and gas trapped inside to flow to producing wells. This method is useful in developing unconventional resources such as oil and gas found in igneous rocks. This research explores the prospects, challenges and way forward in the use of hydraulic fracturing to increase the porosity of igneous rock for commercial production of oil and gas.
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Adeniyi, Adekunle Tirimisiyu, and Ijoma Onyemaechi. "Non-Edible Oil Based Surfactant For Enhanced Oil Recovery." In SPE Nigeria Annual International Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/207155-ms.
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Abstract After the primary and secondary oil recoveries, a substantial amount of oil is left in the reservoir which can be recovered by tertiary methods like the Alkaline-Surfactant Flood. Reasons for having some unproduced hydrocarbon in the reservoir include and not limited to the following; forces of attraction fluid contacts, low permeability, high viscous fluid, poor swept efficiency, etc. Although, it is possible to commence waterflooding together chemical injection at the start of production. Reservoir simulation with commercial simulator, could guide in selecting the most appropriate period to commence chemical flooding. In this study, the performance of a new synthetic surfactant produced from Jatropha Curcas seed was compared with that of a selected commercial surfactant in the presence of an alkaline and this shows that the non-edible Jatropha oil is a natural, inexpensive and a renewable source of energy for the production of anionic surfactants and a good substitute for commercial surfactants like Sodium Dodecyl Sulphate (SDS). The Methyl Ester Sulfonate (MES) surfactant showed no precipitation or cloudiness during stability test and was able to reduce the Interfacial Tension (IFT) to 0.018 mN/m and 0.020 mN/m in the presence of sodium carbonate and sodium hydroxide respectively as alkaline at low surfactant concentration. The optimum alkaline surfactant formulation in terms of oil recovery performance obtained from the core flooding experiment corresponds to a concentration of sodium carbonate (0.5wt%), sodium hydroxide (0.5wt%) mixed in distilled water and Methyl Ester Sulfonate (MES) surfactant (1wt%). The injection of 0.5 percentage volume of alkaline surfactant slug produced an incremental oil recovery of 26.7% and 29% respectively. With these incremental oil recoveries, increasing demand for hydrocarbons product could be met, and returns on investment portfolio will be improved.
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Adaji, J. J., R. U. Onolemhemhen, S. O. Isehunwa, and A. Adenikinju. "Forecasting the Domestic Utilization of Natural Gas in Nigeria (2015-2020)." In SPE/AAPG Africa Energy and Technology Conference. SPE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/afrc-2560895-ms.
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ABSTRACT Domestic utilization of natural gas in Nigeria is being hampered by the poor developments in the natural gas sector over the years, with low level of electricity (generation) consumption per capital, weak legal, commercial and regulatory framework amidst poor infrastructural developments in natural gas as compared to that which exists for oil. Nigeria ranks the second in gas flaring and shows low volumes of domestic gas utilization, consuming only about 11% out of the 8.25 billion cubic feet produced per day in 2014 despite its natural gas resource endowment. This paper examines the determinants of domestic utilization of natural gas in Nigeria from 1990-2013. It investigates its relationship as a function of price of natural gas, price of alternative fuels, foreign direct investment, volumes of gas flared, electricity generated from natural gas sources and per capital real GDP. Going further, it forecasts its likely growth rate for a short-term period, using an econometric methodology of ordinary least squares and an ARIMA model, it estimates the relationship between the variables and uses the historical trend to forecast into the future. The result of the study showed that the determinants jointly explain the pattern of domestic gas utilization in Nigeria by 98%. Individually, per capital real GDP, electricity generated from natural gas sources and changes in the volume of domestic utilization of natural gas was found to have a positive and significant effect on domestic gas utilization. Further, the forecast values show evidence of a slow but gradual increase in utilization pattern in the near future from 2015-2020. A best-case scenario of an increase of 0.15% and a worst-case scenario of a decrease of 0.14% was presented. In conclusion, having identified significant influences on domestic gas utilization patterns in Nigeria it is imperative that the government uses economic instrument to enhance the utilization patterns in Nigeria by improving economic activities and developing the power sector which shows significant influence in domestic natural gas utilization patterns.
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Ostrowski, JJ, K. Parikh, and A. Umar. "Piloting Tom Brown, a locally produced supplementary therapeutic food for the management of moderate acute malnutrition in Gombe State, Nigeria." In MSF Paediatric Days 2024. NYC: MSF-USA, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.57740/bvijtc.
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BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Over 50,000 children in Nigeria’s Gombe state have moderate acute malnutrition (MAM) and are at risk of deteriorating to severe acute malnutrition (SAM). An effective strategy to reduce mortality is through a targeted supplementary feeding programme delivered within community-based management of acute malnutrition (CMAM) interventions. We present findings from an outpatient therapeutic programme (OTP) which used Tom Brown for treating children with MAM. Tom Brown is a locally produced flour blend of sorghum, soybeans, and groundnuts, consumed as a sweetened porridge. METHODS We conducted retrospective analysis of patient data from OTP sites in three local government areas between October 2022 and December 2023. Data were extracted for children aged 6-59 months diagnosed with MAM, defined as absence of oedema; weight-for- height z-score (WHZ) ≥-3 and <-2; and/or mid upper arm circumference (MUAC) ≥11.5 and <12.5 cm. Those enrolled for at least 14 days and receiving 1.5 kg per week of Tom Brown were included. RESULTS Of the 1,207 cases of MAM treated, 1,089 (90.2%) recovered i.e. had two consecutive visits with WHZ >-2 and MUAC < 12.5 and no severe clinical complications; 91 (7.5%) defaulted; 21 (1.7%) did not improve; 4 (<1%) were transferred out; and 2 (<1%) died at the end of follow- up. During treatment, 197 (16.3%) deteriorated to SAM and were switched to ready-to-use therapeutic food. All deaths (n=2) deteriorated to SAM. For children who recovered without deterioration, average enrolment length was 36.3 (±15.8) days and average weight gain was 4.21 (±3.03) g/kg/day. CONCLUSIONS With acceptable recovery and low death rates, Tom Brown is a feasible alternative for treatment of MAM. Made with cheaper ingredients, it can potentially reach more children for the same cost, particularly when combined with frequent screening and early diagnosis in the community. Timely follow-up of defaulters may also improve adherence. Research is needed to understand Tom Brown’s effectiveness compared to commercial products or combination with cash-based assistance.
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Ostrowski, JJ, K. Parikh, and A. Umar. "Piloting Tom Brown, a locally produced supplementary therapeutic food for the management of moderate acute malnutrition in Gombe State, Nigeria." In MSF Paediatric Days 2024. NYC: MSF-USA, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.57740/3mfoft.
Full textAbstract:
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Over 50,000 children in Nigeria’s Gombe state have moderate acute malnutrition (MAM) and are at risk of deteriorating to severe acute malnutrition (SAM). An effective strategy to reduce mortality is through a targeted supplementary feeding programme delivered within community-based management of acute malnutrition (CMAM) interventions. We present findings from an outpatient therapeutic programme (OTP) which used Tom Brown for treating children with MAM. Tom Brown is a locally produced flour blend of sorghum, soybeans, and groundnuts, consumed as a sweetened porridge. METHODS We conducted retrospective analysis of patient data from OTP sites in three local government areas between October 2022 and December 2023. Data were extracted for children aged 6-59 months diagnosed with MAM, defined as absence of oedema; weight-for- height z-score (WHZ) ≥-3 and <-2; and/or mid upper arm circumference (MUAC) ≥11.5 and <12.5 cm. Those enrolled for at least 14 days and receiving 1.5 kg per week of Tom Brown were included. RESULTS Of the 1,207 cases of MAM treated, 1,089 (90.2%) recovered i.e. had two consecutive visits with WHZ >-2 and MUAC >12.5 and no severe clinical complications; 91 (7.5%) defaulted; 21 (1.7%) did not improve; 4 (<1%) were transferred out; and 2 (<1%) died at the end of follow- up. During treatment, 197 (16.3%) deteriorated to SAM and were switched to ready-to-use therapeutic food. All deaths (n=2) deteriorated to SAM. For children who recovered without deterioration, average enrolment length was 36.3 (±15.8) days and average weight gain was 4.21 (±3.03) g/kg/day. CONCLUSIONS With acceptable recovery and low death rates, Tom Brown is a feasible alternative for treatment of MAM. Made with cheaper ingredients, it can potentially reach more children for the same cost, particularly when combined with frequent screening and early diagnosis in the community. Timely follow-up of defaulters may also improve adherence. Research is needed to understand Tom Brown’s effectiveness compared to commercial products or combination with cash-based assistance.
Reports on the topic "Commercial law, nigeria"
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Li, Richard. Syndicated finance for a gas-fired power plant in Edo State, Nigeria. LegalOne Global Limited, February 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.62436/a-1644575966206.
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The UAE has implemented a new Commercial Companies Law, effective from January 2, 2022. The law focuses on foreign investment, allowing 100% foreign ownership for certain businesses, leading to increased M&A activity and foreign investment. It introduces Special Purpose Vehicles (SPVs) and Special Purpose Acquisition Companies (SPACs) to facilitate transactions. Changes in corporate governance affect Limited Liability Companies (LLCs) and Public Joint Stock Companies (PJSCs). Companies have until January 2, 2023, to comply with the new law. It is important to update Memorandum of Association accordingly to adhere to the requirements.
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Kira, Beatriz, Rutendo Tavengerwei, and Valary Mumbo. Points à examiner à l'approche des négociations de Phase II de la ZLECAf: enjeux de la politique commerciale numérique dans quatre pays d'Afrique subsaharienne. Digital Pathways at Oxford, March 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.35489/bsg-dp-wp_2022/01.
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Realities such as the COVID-19 pandemic have expedited the move to online operations, highlighting the undeniable fact that the world is continuing to go digital. This emphasises the need for policymakers to regulate in a manner that allows them to harness digital trade benefits while also avoiding associated risk. However, given that digital trade remains unco-ordinated globally, with countries adopting different approaches to policy issues, national regulatory divergence on the matter continues, placing limits on the benefits that countries can obtain from digital trade. Given these disparities, ahead of the African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA) Phase II Negotiations, African countries have been considering the best way to harmonise regulations on issues related to digital trade. To do this effectively, AfCFTA members need to identify where divergencies exist in their domestic regulatory systems. This will allow AfCFTA members to determine where harmonisation is possible, as well as what is needed to achieve such harmonisation. This report analyses the domestic regulations and policies of four focus countries – South Africa, Nigeria, Kenya and Senegal – comparing their regulatory approaches to five policy issues: i) regulation of online transactions; ii) cross-border data flows, data localisation, and personal data protection; iii) access to source code and technology transfer; iv) intermediary liability; and v) customs duties on electronic transmissions. The study highlights where divergencies exist in adopted approaches, indicating the need for the four countries – and AfCFTA members in general – to carefully consider the implications of the divergences, and determine where it is possible and beneficial to harmonise approaches. This was intended to encourage AfCFTA member states to take ownership of these issues and reflect on the reforms needed. As seen in Table 1 below, the study shows that the four countries diverge on most of the five policy issues. There are differences in how all four countries regulate online transactions – that is, e-signatures and online consumer protection. Nigeria was the only country out of the four to recognise all types of e-signatures as legally equivalent. Kenya and Senegal only recognise specific e-signatures, which are either issued or validated by a recognised institution, while South Africa adopts a mixed approach, where it recognises all e-signatures as legally valid, but provides higher evidentiary weight to certain types of e-signatures. Only South Africa and Senegal have specific regulations relating to online consumer protection, while Nigeria and Kenya do not have any clear rules. With regards to cross border data flows, data localisation, and personal data protection, the study shows that all four focus countries have regulations that consist of elements borrowed from the European Union (EU) General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). In particular, this was regarding the need for the data subject's consent, and also the adequacy requirement. Interestingly, the study also shows that South Africa, Kenya and Nigeria also adopt data localisation measures, although at different levels of strictness. South Africa’s data localisation laws are mostly imposed on data that is considered critical – which is then required to be processed within South African borders – while Nigeria requires all data to be processed and stored locally, using local servers. Kenya imposes data localisation measures that are mostly linked to its priority for data privacy. Out of the four focus countries, Senegal is the only country that does not impose any data localisation laws. Although the study shows that all four countries share a position on customs duties on electronic transmissions, it is also interesting to note that none of the four countries currently have domestic regulations or policies on the subject. The report concludes by highlighting that, as the AfCFTA Phase II Negotiations aim to arrive at harmonisation and to improve intra-African trade and international trade, AfCFTA members should reflect on their national policies and domestic regulations to determine where harmonisation is needed, and whether AfCFTA is the right platform for achieving this efficiently.
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The cassava seed system in Nigeria: Opportunities and challenges for policy and regulatory reform. International Potato Center, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4160/23096586rtbwp20202.
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In many African countries south of the Sahara, farmers depend on the cultivation of vegetatively propagated crops (VPCs) for both consumption and commercial purposes. Yet yields for these crops remain at low levels due, in part, to the persistent use of low-quality planting material. Efforts to improve the quality of planting material exchanged in markets or through other channels are often hampered by the unique biological and economic characteristics of vegetative propagation—characteristics that distinguish VPCs from the major cereal crops that drive and shape the policy and investment choices made in many of these countries. This suggests that continued investment in new technologies and systems to produce, package, and distribute VPC planting materials will require customized policies and policy support if these systems are to supply farmers with quality planting material at any significant and sustained scale. This paper explores these issues in the context of the cassava seed system in Nigeria by drawing on (1) prior research, public policy documents, and government statistics; (2) key informant interviews and focus group discussions with seed system actors; and (3) a unique dataset from the 2015 Cassava Monitoring Survey of Nigeria (CMS). The paper examines the production and supply of cassava planting material, the influence of various quality assurance systems on production and supply, and the implications for smallholder farmers in Nigeria. We describe the market, non-market, and regulatory systems that shape the cassava seed market in Nigeria, focusing on effectiveness, influence, and reach. We then explore the ground realities—how farmers actually acquire and use cassava planting material—given the (weak) state of markets and regulation. This is followed by a discussion of alternative policy and regulatory approaches to managing and expanding the cassava seed system, emphasizing a more decentralized approach that prioritizes investment in innovative capacity at the community and enterprise levels.