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Journal articles on the topic 'Commercial law, saudi arabia'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 28 July 2025

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1

Alotaibi, Ibrahim Mathker Saleh. "ESTABLISHING AN INTERNATIONAL COMMERCIAL COURT IN SAUDI ARABIA: LESSONS FROM DUBAI AND SINGAPORE." UUM Journal of Legal Studies 15, no. 1 (2024): 249–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.32890/uumjls2024.15.1.11.

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This article discusses the need and the benefits of establishing an international commercial court in Saudi Arabia. Since Saudi Arabia’s legal system has been criticized regarding its openness to international investments, this issue is observed from the perspective of potential investors and business partners interested in doing business in Saudi Arabia. The aim is to determine how setting up a specialized international commercial court will improve the environment for investments and remove legal uncertainties that arise from the lack of such courts. Furthermore, a brief overview of the inte

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Al Agha, Samah. "Combatting Human Trafficking in Saudi Arabia." Access to Justice in Eastern Europe 6, no. 5 (2023): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.33327/ajee-18-6s010.

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Background: Trafficking in human beings is a crime that violates human rights. Recent years have witnessed an increase in human trafficking for the purpose of commercial sex exploitation, forced labour, and beggary, to name but a few. Globalisation and advanced technology have been exploited by perpetrators of trafficking in human beings. This phenomenon is becoming more difficult to discover and investigate due to its nature and complexity. The purpose of this research is to explore the legal response to the crime of trafficking in human beings in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Methods: This re

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Aljaser, Abdulrahman, and Zlatan Meskic. "Historical Background on the Limitation of Liability in Saudi Arabia." International Journal for Scientific Research 3, no. 3 (2024): 269–309. http://dx.doi.org/10.59992/ijsr.2024.v3n3p10.

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This qualitative study explores the evolution and implications of limiting contractual liability in Saudi Arabia, focusing on the interplay between Sharia principles, international conventions, and domestic legal reforms. Through a comprehensive analysis of primary and secondary sources, including the new Civil Transactions Law 2023 and relevant legal documents, the research aims to thoroughly understand the historical roots and contemporary dynamics shaping contractual practices in Saudi Arabia. The study uncovers the challenges and opportunities inherent in harmonizing Sharia principles with

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Mattar, Mohammed Y. "The Status of Franchising Laws in the Arab Region." European Journal of Comparative Law and Governance 8, no. 1 (2021): 86–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22134514-bja10014.

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Abstract There has been a vast and rapid growth in the franchising business in the countries of the Middle East. The purpose of this article is to examine the status of franchising laws in the Arab World with particular focus on the commercial relationship between a franchisor and a franchisee. Most Arab countries rely on the traditional commercial agency laws to regulate the franchising business. These are designed to protect the interest of the national franchisee. Saudi Arabia is the first Arab country to adopt a comprehensive and independent law in the Arab region, while other countries re

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Almalki, Adnan Ayza. "Restructuring options in commercial bankruptcy: A legal analysis under the Saudi law." Edelweiss Applied Science and Technology 9, no. 4 (2025): 140–45. https://doi.org/10.55214/25768484.v9i4.5949.

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This research examines how the bankruptcy law has operated in Saudi Arabia since its implementation in 2018. This law was enacted to help develop the economy and support small and medium-sized companies in line with Saudi Vision 2030. The research used a legal analytical approach to legal texts and examined some bankruptcy cases that were subject to the new bankruptcy law. The study found that the new law has improved business conditions by providing options beyond simply closing. Businesses can now reorganize and survive during difficult times. However, businesses may face some difficulties a

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Kattach, Reem. "The Regulatory Framework on the Legal Duties of the Stakeholders in Commercial Marine Accidents at Saudi Arabia’s Regional Sea." International Journal for Scientific Research 3, no. 3 (2024): 115–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.59992/ijsr.2024.v3n3p4.

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The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is aiming to diversify sources of income, develop the infrastructure of the maritime sector, and enhance interconnection with all transport sectors in the Kingdom; especially that more than 75% of maritime trade is non-oil; the most recent regulated division between the transportation divisions is the Sea Transportation. Until recently, Saudi Arabia was part of some of the international treaties and conventions that are related to the marine sector, and no local laws and regulations were enforced -except for some provisions which are part of laws and regulations tha

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Ashraf, M. A. Elfakharani. "The Impact of Covid 19 on the Obligations of Contractors through the Commercial Contract in Saudi Arabia and the Islamic Law Perspective." Law and Humanities Quarterly Reviews 1, no. 3 (2022): 31–40. https://doi.org/10.31014/aior.1996.01.03.19.

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With the growing COVID cases internationally, there is a need for a greater focus at both academic and government levels on the disease. The existing studies published in peer review journals are not sufficient in developing policies regarding counteracting the impacts on the contractors’ obligation as per the commercial contracts in Saudi Arabia. The exploratory study will look into the commercial contracts in detail to find out how the obligations of contractors are affected through legislative restrictions regarding COVID.

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Sahab, Dara. "SCCA Saudi Case Law Study: Three Years in Review." Journal of International Arbitration 41, Issue 6 (2024): 723–44. https://doi.org/10.54648/joia2024032.

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In 2021, driven by the interest in understanding the arbitration ecosystem in Saudi Arabia and promoting Riyadh as an arbitral seat, the Saudi Center for Commercial Arbitration (SCCA) collaborated with the Saudi Ministry of Justice (MOJ) in soliciting over 1400 judgments of courts of appeal, as well as certain Supreme Court judgments, issued between 2017 and 2022 relating to motions in aid of arbitration proceedings and motions to enforce or annul arbitral awards. It was particularly important for SCCA to attach empirical data to the enforceability (or not) of arbitral awards in Saudi Arabia.

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Hussein, Emad. "Beyond Litigation: The Promise of Mandatory Mediation in Saudi Arabia." Arbitration: The International Journal of Arbitration, Mediation and Dispute Management 91, Issue 1 (2025): 120–42. https://doi.org/10.54648/amdm2025008.

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This article critically examines the implementation of mandatory mediation in Saudi Arabia, following the enactment of the Commercial Courts Law (CCL) and its Implementing Regulations. It situates this development within the broader global trend toward mandatory mediation, comparing the Saudi framework to established models in England and Wales and in Singapore. The study explores the theoretical foundations of mandatory mediation, assessing its potential benefits, such as the facilitation of access to justice and promotion of party autonomy and efficiency, alongside its inherent challenges. T

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McCormack, Jacqueline. "Commercial Contracts in Muslim Countries of the Middle East: A Comparison with the United States." International Journal of Legal Information 37, no. 1 (2009): 1–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0731126500003425.

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Outside of the common law and civil law legal traditions, what is termed “Islamic law” forms one of the world's largest legal systems. There are more than one billion Muslims world-wide, and millions of those Muslims populate some of the world's richest trading zones. As of 2005, the Gulf Cooperation Council (G.C.C.), comprised of Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, Bahrain, Qatar, Oman, and the United Arab Emirates, was the United States' fifth largest trading partner.

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Taylor QC, Tim. "The Confluence of Civil and Common Law (and the Influence of the Sharia) in Middle East Construction Arbitrations." BCDR International Arbitration Review 4, Issue 1 (2017): 217–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/bcdr2017015.

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This article explains how civil and commercial laws, based on European codes (but adapted in some respects to be Shari’a-compliant), have been adopted in most of the Gulf Cooperation Council countries outside Saudi Arabia. It also contains a practical comparative law primer on how to understand and reconcile Islamic, civil and common law approaches in construction arbitrations, highlighting six common features of Middle East laws that pose traps for unwary contractors and developers (decennial liability, joint ventures, multiparty contracts, damages, rescission and ‘imprévision’).

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Alshubaiki, Torki A. "Developing the Legal Environment for Business in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: Comments and Suggestions." Arab Law Quarterly 27, no. 4 (2013): 371–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15730255-12341268.

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Abstract Closing the door of ijtihād or independent reasoning in the 10th century resulted in a legal system that was often at odds with the modern world, especially in the area of contracts. Although it is considered to be a big breakthrough at the present time that some of the religious figures or ulama in Saudi Arabia have finally expressed their interest in the codification of laws, the issue has to be dealt with from a different, not only religious, perspective. The importance of comparative law must be expressed when dealing with all commercial matters. Promoting and encouraging intellec

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Abdul Rub, Khalid, Adam Elwakeel, and Malik Al-ghamdi. "Advancing Arbitration for Multinational Construction Projects in Saudi Arabia Through Flexibility and Legal Reforms." International Journal of Law and Public Policy (IJLAPP) 6, no. 2 (2024): 85–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.36079/lamintang.ijlapp-0602.698.

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The role of arbitration in resolving multinational construction disputes in Saudi Arabia is explored, focusing on procedural flexibility, confidentiality, and the impact of recent legal reforms. Multinational companies prefer arbitration over traditional litigation due to its closed process, which protects sensitive information—crucial in Saudi Arabia's privacy-focused business environment. Using qualitative methods like case studies, interviews, and legal document analysis, the research highlights key themes such as the need for arbitrators with technical expertise and cultural understanding,

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Hassan, Ahmed K., Mohammed S. Alibrahim, Khaled M. Zahran, Hatem Abd Elmonem Saleh Eldiasty, Mustafa Issa Ali Al Ahmed, and Latifah Abdulaziz Alhamdan. "The role of external review in enhancing tax planning practices for investment agencies and companies in the sports sector and its impact on the Saudi economy." International Journal of Public Policy and Administration Research 11, no. 2 (2024): 55–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.18488/74.v11i2.3791.

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The current study aimed to investigate the influence of an external audit on the achievement of tax planning practices in investment authorities and sporting companies, and to analyze its impact on the Saudi economy. We employed a descriptive method, specifically the survey method, to establish the objectives of this report. The participants represented the tax departments of the General Authority of Zakat and Income in addition to the responsible parties in the sports ministry, the ministry of investment, the sports authorities’ managers and the private companies, the commercial law and econo

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Almutairi, Abdulaziz, Naif Albagami, Sultanh Almesned, Omar Alrumayh, and Hasmat Malik. "Electric Vehicle Load Estimation at Home and Workplace in Saudi Arabia for Grid Planners and Policy Makers." Sustainability 15, no. 22 (2023): 15878. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su152215878.

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Electric vehicles (Evs) offer promising benefits in reducing emissions and enhancing energy security; however, accurately estimating their load presents a challenge in optimizing grid management and sustainable integration. Moreover, EV load estimation is context-specific, and generalized methods are inadequate. To address this, our study introduces a tailored three-step solution, focusing on the Middle East, specifically Saudi Arabia. Firstly, real survey data are employed to estimate driving patterns and commuting behaviors such as daily mileage, arrival/departure time at home and workplace,

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Seyadi, Reyadh Mohamed. "Intellectual Composition of Arbitral Tribunals According to the New Saudi Arbitration Law." Arab Law Quarterly 33, no. 1 (2019): 99–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15730255-12331028.

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Abstract One significant feature of arbitration that distinguishes it from litigation in national courts, is the parties’ freedom to select the arbitrator or members of the arbitral tribunal familiar with the kind of dispute that might arise or already has arisen. In 2012, a new arbitration law was issued in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) inspired by the texts of the Model Law on International Commercial Arbitration. In all its provisions it included the requirement not to violate Sharīʿah law (Islamic legal tradition). However, according to this law, the sole arbitrator or presiding arbitr

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Al Mezel, Sabir Mohammad Mahmoud, and Yasmeen Mohammad Hasan Younis. "The Effect of the Consortium Agreements on the Competence of the International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes (ICSID): Analytical Study of the Saudi Foreign Investment System and the Washington Agreement of 1965." Academic Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies 12, no. 1 (2023): 130. http://dx.doi.org/10.36941/ajis-2023-0011.

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This study determines the extent of the impact of the consortium agreements between commercial companies on the jurisdiction of the International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes (ICSID). For the settlement of foreign investment disputes, if the issue arises from the same dispute between foreign investors from several countries, who are linked to each other by a nodal group on the one hand, and with the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia as the host country for investment on the other hand. This study has shown that in some cases, consortium agreements have an indirect role in the emergence o

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Shakhatreh, Hisham. "COMPARISON OF COMMERCIAL DISPUTE RESOLUTION MECHANISMS IN JORDAN AND THE MIDDLE EAST." Public Administration and Law Review, no. 2(18) (June 30, 2024): 51–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.36690/2674-5216-2024-2-51-66.

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This article provides a comprehensive comparison of commercial dispute resolution mechanisms across Jordan, Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates (UAE), and Egypt. With the increasing globalization of business and the growth of foreign investments in the Middle East, an effective and efficient legal framework for dispute resolution is critical. The primary goal of this study is to provide a comprehensive comparative analysis of commercial dispute resolution mechanisms in Jordan and key Middle Eastern countries, with the aim of understanding their impact on the business climate and investor co

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19

de Jong, Michel. "Peace of Mind? Perceptions of Contractual Security Guarding at Commercial Banks in Saudi Arabia." Security Journal 15, no. 1 (2002): 33–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.sj.8340103.

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Saad Mutlaq Eid Al- Ghuwairi, Saad Mutlaq Eid Al Ghuwairi. "Judicial costs in commercial cases and their role in limiting recourse to the judiciary: التكاليف القضائية في القضايا التجارية ودورها في الحد من اللِّجوء للقضاء". مجلة العلوم الإقتصادية و الإدارية و القانونية 6, № 8 (2022): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.26389/ajsrp.b141021.

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In this research, the researcher discussed the court costs issue in the new court cost system issued in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia in 2021, and how this system has affected and will affect the reduction of merchants and companies' recourse to the commercial court, as the court cost is a new issue in Saudi Arabia and has not been adequately analyzed so far. The researcher used the inductive- deductive method to track and analyze texts to reach the results. In this new system, the regulator wanted to reduce the vexatious litigations that hinder the judicial work within the courts and delay the

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Shili, Nedra, Kavita Panjwani, and Nedra Shili. "Non-oil Revenue Impact on Economic Growth: Empirical Study of Saudi Arabia’s Economy." Business and Economic Research 10, no. 4 (2020): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/ber.v10i4.17587.

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The kingdom of Saudi Arabia saw during the year 2019 an improve in its business environment, as indicated in the World Bank Ease of Doing Business 2020 report in which the Kingdom was the best reformer, gaining 30 places to place itself in 62nd position. 62% of the three hundred planned reforms in this area have been completed, including a new law on tenders and public procurement, new commercial courts, and a new concurrence law and planned laws on public-private partnerships. The country has recently released the VAT regulation for public consultation through the tax authority (GAZT) website

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Ali, Amjad, Sumaira, Hafiz Muhammad Abubakar Siddique, and Saima Ashiq. "Impact of Economic Growth, Energy Consumption and Urbanization on Carbon Dioxide Emissions in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia." Journal of Policy Research 9, no. 3 (2023): 130–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.61506/02.00001.

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The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia has witnessed unprecedented economic growth in recent decades, propelling it onto the global stage. However, this rapid growth is often associated with a notable increase in carbon dioxide emissions, which carry significant environmental ramifications. In light of this pressing concern, this research undertakes a comprehensive examination of the intricate relationships between economic growth, energy consumption, urbanization, and carbon dioxide emissions within the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia from 1980 to 2020. This study employs autoregressive distributed lag approach

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Pilotti, Maura A. E., Khadija El Alaoui, Muamar Hasan Salameh, Sukhsimranjit Singh, and Huda Al Mulhem. "The New and the Old: A Qualitative Analysis of Modes of Conflict Resolution in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia." International Negotiation 25, no. 2 (2020): 329–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15718069-25131246.

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Abstract Using a case study method, we examine how practitioners, including judges, arbitrators and community mediators, view dispute resolution in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). The goal of this study is to assess whether traditional approaches to dispute resolution coexist with or are discarded for imported modes. Participants were selected through convenience sampling. Structured interviews involved (a) participants’ general theoretical foundations, (b) key principles that govern their professional role, (c) their views of different roles, and (d) the extent to which traditional modi op

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Almutairi, Kamel, and Ramzi Alahmadi. "The Feasibility of the First Utility-Scale Wind Farm in Saudi Arabia (The 400 MW Dumat Al-Jandal Project)." Journal of Clean Energy Technologies 10, no. 1 (2022): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.18178/jocet.2022.10.1.531.

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Saudi Arabia has an ambitious plan to diversify its power generation resources. Part of this plan includes launching the King Salman Renewable Energy Initiative (KSREI). The goal of this work is to study the feasibility of the first utility-scale wind farm in Saudi Arabia, known as the 400 MW Dumat Al-Jandal project, and was conducted using the System Advisor Model (SAM) software. As the hub height of the wind turbine is usually different from the height at which the wind measurements are taken, the wind speeds were extrapolated to different heights using different methods. These methods are t

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Pandy, Bharti, and Priya Rao. "HR Knowledge Disclosure by Leading Banks: Cases from KSA." 12th GLOBAL CONFERENCE ON BUSINESS AND SOCIAL SCIENCES 12, no. 1 (2021): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.35609/gcbssproceeding.2021.12(10).

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The backbone of any economy relies on the performance of its banking industry. Besides financial capital, human resources (HR) capital plays a significant role in the sustainability of this industry. For the existence and effectiveness, the financial sector makes extensive use of human capital (Kamath, 2007). Like financial reports, human capital reporting indicates the health of any organisation. The stakeholders, around the globe, recently started showing keen interest in monitoring the effectiveness of HR. The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA), holding 27% of the GCC total banking assets (FitzH

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Hoh, Anchi, and Brannon Wheeler. "East by Mid East: Studies in Cultural, Historical and Strategic Connectivities." Comparative Islamic Studies 7, no. 1-2 (2012): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1558/cis.v7i1-2.1.

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This volume provides a multi-disciplinary and trans-regional approach to the historical roots and continued development of ties between the Middle East and Asia, from Muslim-Confucian relations to nuclear technology exchange between China and Saudi Arabia. The papers are contributed by specialists who live, research, and have spent considerable time in the Middle East and Asia including institutions in Japan, Israel, China and Hong Kong, Saudi Arabia, Taiwan, Kuwait, Philippines, Australia, Malaysia, North Africa, Indonesia, Lebanon and Syria, India and Kashmir, Egypt, and Korea. The contribut

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Sa’ad, Auwal Adam. "SHARIAH AND THE INTERNATIONAL TREATIES ON COMMERCIAL DISPUTE SETTLEMENTS: AN APPRAISAL." JOURNAL OF SHARIAH LAW RESEARCH 7, no. 1 (2022): 1–20. https://doi.org/10.22452/jslr.vol7no1.1.

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The International treaties on commercial dispute resolution have been very helpful to adjudicating complex commercial disputes with international elements. This paper aims to highlight some critical issues of the International Commercial Conventions and treaties on settlement of disputes related to commercial transactions in developing economies. The ratification of those conventions was not an easy task due to various concerns related to sovereignty and national interests of the participating nations. This paper looks into the popular New York Convention and CISD and their ratifications by de

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Alamri, Yosef A., Mohamad A. Alnafissa, Alaa Kotb, et al. "Estimating the Expected Commercial Potential of Saudi Date Exports to Middle Eastern Countries Using the Gravity Model." Sustainability 16, no. 6 (2024): 2552. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su16062552.

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Date production farms account for 10% of total income in the agricultural sector. Although Saudi exports of dates reach many countries, they are still of lower quantity compared to the size of their production. This study investigates the possibility of expanding external marketing of date exports by increasing the marketing efficiency of the existing market, which is expected to lead to increased returns. Therefore, this research uses the gravity model to identify the most critical factors affecting Saudi date exports to Middle Eastern countries. The results indicated the positivity of the pe

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Elamer, Ahmed A., Bassam A. Elbialy, Kholoud A. Alsaab, and Mohamed A. Khashan. "The Impact of COVID-19 on the Relationship between Non-Renewable Energy and Saudi Stock Market Sectors Using Wavelet Coherence Approach and Neural Networks." Sustainability 14, no. 21 (2022): 14496. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su142114496.

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In this study, we examine the impact of COVID-19 on the relationship between non-renewable energy and Saudi stock market sectors for the period 11 January 2017–22 January 2022. We apply wavelet coherence and Radial Basis Function Neural Network (RBFNN) models. Our results provide evidence that COVID-19 led to an increase in the strength of the relationship between oil as a main non-renewable energy source and Saudi stock market sectors and affected the nature and direction of this relationship. The relationships between oil and commercial and professional services, materials, banks, energy, an

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Singh, Harman Preet, Mohammad Alshallaqi, and Mohammed Altamimi. "Predicting Critical Factors Impacting Hotel Online Ratings: A Comparison of Religious and Commercial Destinations in Saudi Arabia." Sustainability 15, no. 15 (2023): 11998. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su151511998.

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User-generated online ratings have become a prominent tool for hotels to enhance overall customer satisfaction. Prior research on online ratings has mainly considered commercial destinations, whereas research on religious destinations is limited. This study uses the IPA technique and beta regression analysis to investigate the destination’s (commercial and religious) varying effects on the relationship between hotel service quality attributes and customer satisfaction. In total, data from 338 hotels representing 82,704 customer reviews in two Saudi Arabian cities (Alkhobar and Makkah) were col

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Alonazi, Bodur S., Thowayeb H. Hassan, Mostafa A. Abdelmoaty, et al. "Tourist Behavior in the Cruise Industry Post-COVID-19: An Examination of Service Quality, Corporate Image, and Intentions to Pay and Revisit." Sustainability 15, no. 11 (2023): 8623. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15118623.

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The COVID-19 outbreak has had detrimental consequences on the cruise industry due to the suspension of commercial cruise trips, and these effects remain apparent in Saudi Arabia. The offered service quality (SQ) in the post-COVID-19 era seems to be a critical element for improving customer experiences and satisfaction, enhancing destination attractiveness, increasing revenue, and maintaining repeat business. The current study aimed to assess the impact of service quality on tourists’ satisfaction and corporate image as well as the intention to pay for cruise trips and revisit the destination a

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El-Rawy, Mustafa, Heba Fathi, Wouter Zijl, et al. "Potential Effects of Climate Change on Agricultural Water Resources in Riyadh Region, Saudi Arabia." Sustainability 15, no. 12 (2023): 9513. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15129513.

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The water supply in Saudi Arabia is already depleted. Climate change will exacerbate the demand for these resources. This paper examines how climate change affects the water demands of Saudi Arabia’s most important food crops: wheat, clover, vegetables, and dates. To reduce the adverse climate change impacts on these crops’ productivity, as well as their irrigation water requirements (IWR), a number of adaptation techniques were investigated. The study was carried out for the Ar Riyadh region, Saudi Arabia, with a cultivated area of 179,730 ha. In this study, five climate models from the Coupl

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Al-Abduljabbar, Abdulhamid, Majid Al-Mogbel, Syed Noman Danish, and Abdelrahman El-Leathy. "Insulation Performance of Building Components and Effect on the Cooling Load of Homes in Saudi Arabia." Sustainability 15, no. 7 (2023): 5685. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15075685.

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A common practice in the construction of residential and commercial buildings in Saudi Arabia is to insulate the outer walls and windows only. Other building components such as the roof, columns and slabs, and doors are usually neglected. Moreover, vital components such as the roof and windows are especially neglected in commercially built residential and commercial buildings. The aim of this study is to put this common impression and practice to the test by quantifying the contribution of every building component to the overall air-conditioning load of the building. The hypothesis evaluated i

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Abdul-Ghani Saif Almekhlafi, Abdulwasea. "Human capital impact on organizational performance of commercial banks operating in Yemen." Banks and Bank Systems 17, no. 2 (2022): 178–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/bbs.17(2).2022.15.

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This study investigates the relationship between human capital and improvements in organizational performance in Yemeni commercial banks operating in Sana’a. The individual human capital dimensions such as knowledge, experience, skills, innovation, and employees’ morale were taken as human capital variables. A quantitative methodology was used, and a Likert-scale questionnaire was distributed to collect the data. A combination of convenience and random sampling techniques was adopted to distribute the questionnaire to eight banks and 162 employees of these banks. A descriptive approach was use

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Alomar, Adnan, Tawfiq Aref Almajali, and Emad Mohammad Al-Amareen. "Legislative Amendments to Saudi General Partnership Companies: A Departure from Established Legal Principles." Brawijaya Law Journal 12, no. 1 (2025): 154–74. https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.blj.2025.012.01.08.

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In 2022, the Saudi legislator enacted significant amendments to the Companies Law, particularly regarding General Partnership Companies (GPCs), as part of the broader strategy to align with Vision 2030. These amendments notably allow legal persons to become partners in GPCs, a sharp departure from the long-standing legal doctrine that restricts partnership membership to natural persons due to the personal nature (intuitus personae) of such entities. This study critically examines whether these legislative changes are compatible with the foundational principles of GPCs, raising key questions ab

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Alzaed, Ali, and Ashraf Balabel. "Experimental Investigations of Solatube Daylighting System for Smart City Applications in Saudi Arabia." Environmental Research, Engineering and Management 76, no. 3 (2020): 16–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.erem.76.3.26145.

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The smart cities programme is at the core of Saudi Arabia’s Vision 2030. The development of smart cities is based on adapting innovative technologies and solutions to meet local needs and possibilities in order to reduce both cost and energy resources consumption. In smart cities, more than 40% of electrical energy consumption should be saved. One of the most important electrical energy saving techniques is the application of the Solatube daylight system in sustainable buildings. In the present paper, an experimental investigation into the Solatube daylight system is performed according to the

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Ali Ahmed Salem Farhat. "Crime of Assault on Industrial Designs - A Jurisprudential Study and Its Impact on the Economy." Journal of Information Systems Engineering and Management 10, no. 24s (2025): 340–45. https://doi.org/10.52783/jisem.v10i24s.3905.

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The research aimed to define industrial designs from an Islamic jurisprudential perspective, and the penalty for assaulting industrial designs, and to clarify the effects of that from both the Sharia and legal perspectives. The study was based on the descriptive method and relied within that framework on the analytical approach, yielding several results; among the most prominent are the following: Industrial design is a strategic process for solving problems that stimulates innovation, leads to commercial success, and improves life through innovative products, devices, and experiences. The ind

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Ahmed, Wahhaj, Ayman Alazazmeh, and Muhammad Asif. "Energy and Water Saving Potential in Commercial Buildings: A Retrofit Case Study." Sustainability 15, no. 1 (2022): 518. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15010518.

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The global building sector has great potential for energy savings. Retrofitting of existing buildings can effectively improve their energy and environmental sustainability. However, retrofitting is a complex task and requires proper Measurement & Verification (M&V) to validate the process for various building types and locations. Such M&V studies for commercial buildings in the studied region are missing and a critical gap exists. This paper addresses this gap by discussing the effectiveness of retrofit energy and water efficiency measures implemented in a commercial building in Sa

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Bagazi, Mohammad S., Ammar A. Melaibari, Ahmed B. Khoshaim, Nidal H. Abu-Hamdeh, Abdulmohsen O. Alsaiari, and Hani Abulkhair. "Using Phase Change Materials (PCMs) in a Hot and Humid Climate to Reduce Heat Gain and Energy Consumption." Sustainability 13, no. 19 (2021): 10965. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su131910965.

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Twenty percent of the world’s energy is consumed by the construction sector, including commercial and residential buildings, where 13% is consumed by the residential sector only. Half of the total energy consumed by buildings in Saudi Arabia is specifically attributed to the hot summer season, which, unlike in many other countries in the Middle East, continues for more than 5 months annually. The use of a phase change material (PCM), as an insulator in building materials, can be a solution to provide a comfortable indoor temperature and reduce energy consumption. This study examined two differ

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Al Shammre, Abdullah. "Investigating the Impact of Energy Consumption and Economic Activities on CO2 Emissions from Transport in Saudi Arabia." Energies 17, no. 17 (2024): 4448. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en17174448.

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This study examines the relationships between CO2 emissions, gross domestic product (GDP), financial development, energy export, sustainable power, unsustainable power depletion, and commercial growth in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) from 1990 to 2022 by using the auto-regressive distributed lag (ARDL) approach and the vector error correction model (VECM) approach. In the first step, we have used tests such as the augmented Dickey–Fuller (ADF) test and the Dickey–Fuller generalized least squares (DF-GLS) to capture the order of integration of the variables, and the results show that all th

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Alaqel, Shaker, Nader S. Saleh, Rageh S. Saeed, et al. "An Experimental Demonstration of the Effective Application of Thermal Energy Storage in a Particle-Based CSP System." Sustainability 14, no. 9 (2022): 5316. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14095316.

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Tests were performed at the particle-based CSP test facility at King Saud University to demonstrate a viable solution to overcome the limitations of using molten salt as a working medium in power plants. The KSU facility is composed of a heliostat field, particle heating receiver (PHR) at the top of a tower, thermal energy storage (TES) bin, a particle-to-working fluid heat exchanger (PWFHX), power cycle (microturbine), and a particle lift. During pre-commissioning, a substantial portion of the collected solar energy was lost during particle flow through the TES bin. The entrained air is shown

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Rahmadanil. "PELAKSANAAN BADAL HAJI SEBAGAI PROFIT DITINJAU DARI HUKUM ISLAM (The Implementation of The Badal Hajj As Profit In Terms Of Islamic Law)." Qawãnïn Journal of Economic Syaria Law 5, no. 1 (2021): 101–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.30762/qawanin.v5i1.3423.

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Badal haji merupakan ibadah haji yang dilakukan seorang muslim untuk menggantikan pelaksanaan ibadah haji orang lain. Badal haji identik dengan upah karena ibadah haji yang digantikan itu memerlukan biaya sesuai dengan yang ditetapkan oleh orang yang digantikan (badil). Ketika badil tidak menetapkan berapa biayanya, maka membuka peluang bagi yang menggantikan (mubdil) untuk menetapkan biaya pelaksanaan badal haji tersebut. Sebagian upah ini merupakan suatu profit dari pelaksananaan badal haji. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana pelaksanaan badal haji sebagai profit ditinjau da

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Khan, Salah Ud-Din, Irfan Wazeer, and Zeyad Almutairi. "Comparative Analysis of SAM and RETScreen Tools for the Case Study of 600 kW Solar PV System Installation in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia." Sustainability 15, no. 6 (2023): 5381. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15065381.

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In this study, we discussed the main recent studies on PV systems worldwide and specifically in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) region. We focused on different PV cells and their characteristics in terms of efficiency, importance, and negative impacts, and examined the classification of PV systems and their comparison. In addition, the adoption of PV technologies in GCC countries is considered, focusing on the future aspects. In addition, technical and economic evaluations were carried out for a 600-kW commercial PV solar project at one of the selected sites in the Riyadh region, and the PV

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Dickson, Moses Oruaze. "Party autonomy and justice in international commercial arbitration." International Journal of Law and Management 60, no. 1 (2018): 114–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijlma-12-2016-0184.

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Purpose Party autonomy is a core tenet of the arbitral process which bestows certain contractual freedoms upon the disputing parties. This paper aims to utilise both doctrinal analysis and theoretical conceptualisation to examine the principle of party autonomy in international commercial arbitration. It examines the extent to which certain exceptions to this principle, such as public policy and natural justice, where autonomy impedes on matters of justice and delocalisation, have restricted the principle in practice. Design/methodology/approach Party autonomy is a core tenet of the arbitral p

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Yagoot, Abobaker M., Haitham Khalil, Anwar Borai, and A. M. Yagoot. "EVALUATION AND IMPLIMENTATION OF A COMMERCIAL QUALITY CONTROL PRODUCT TO MONITOR SERUM INDICES DETECTION IN DAILY ROUTINE USE." American Journal of Clinical Pathology 160, Supplement_1 (2023): S18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ajcp/aqad150.039.

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Abstract Introduction/Objective Clinical Chemistry analyzers measure serum indices of each sample. Serum indices affect patient result. Yet there is no current common practice of monitoring the Instruments ability to measure serum indices using a commercial QC product. In this study, we focused on such Q.C. product evaluation. Methods/Case Report We evaluated the implementation of daily routine use of serum indices QC. We used a commercially available Bio-Rad (Hercules, California, United States) LiquichekTM Serum Indices QC material on Abbott (Abbott Park, Illinois, United States) Architect c

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Abo, Mohamed Elhag Mohamed, Norisma Idris, Rohana Mahmud, et al. "A Multi-Criteria Approach for Arabic Dialect Sentiment Analysis for Online Reviews: Exploiting Optimal Machine Learning Algorithm Selection." Sustainability 13, no. 18 (2021): 10018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su131810018.

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A sentiment analysis of Arabic texts is an important task in many commercial applications such as Twitter. This study introduces a multi-criteria method to empirically assess and rank classifiers for Arabic sentiment analysis. Prominent machine learning algorithms were deployed to build classification models for Arabic sentiment analysis classifiers. Moreover, an assessment of the top five machine learning classifiers’ performances measures was discussed to rank the performance of the classifier. We integrated the top five ranking methods with evaluation metrics of machine learning classifiers

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Shaahid, S. M. "Off-grid hybrid photovoltaic-diesel-battery power systems for commercial sector of Yanbu Saudi Arabia - a potential solution for carbon-free environment and to mitigate challenges of global warming." International Journal of Global Warming 27, no. 4 (2022): 319. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijgw.2022.10049108.

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Shaahid, S. M. "Off-grid hybrid photovoltaic-diesel-battery power systems for commercial sector of Yanbu Saudi Arabia - a potential solution for carbon-free environment and to mitigate challenges of global warming." International Journal of Global Warming 27, no. 4 (2022): 319. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijgw.2022.124621.

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Aldossary, Ahmad M., Essam A. Tawfik, Musaad A. Altammami, et al. "Development and Validation of Reverse Transcriptase Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification (RT-LAMP) as a Simple and Rapid Diagnostic Tool for SARS-CoV-2 Detection." Diagnostics 12, no. 9 (2022): 2232. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics12092232.

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Since the COVID-19 pandemic outbreak in the world, many countries have searched for quick diagnostic tools to detect the virus. There are many ways to design diagnostic assays; however, each may have its limitations. A quick, sensitive, specific, and simple approach is essential for highly rapidly transmitted infections, such as SARS-CoV-2. This study aimed to develop a rapid and cost-effective diagnostic tool using a one-step Reverse Transcriptase Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification (RT-LAMP) approach. The results were observed using the naked eye within 30–60 min using turbidity or colori

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Almaghasla, Mustafa I., Sherif Mohamed El-Ganainy, and Ahmed Mahmoud Ismail. "Biological Activity of Four Trichoderma Species Confers Protection against Rhizoctonia solani, the Causal Agent of Cucumber Damping-Off and Root Rot Diseases." Sustainability 15, no. 9 (2023): 7250. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15097250.

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The cucumber (Cucumis sativa L.) is often subjected to several fungal diseases. Rhizoctonia solani-induced cucumber damping-off and root rot are the most common diseases reported from the commercial greenhouses of the eastern area of Saudi Arabia. The objective of the current study is to explore the antagonistic activity of four Trichoderma species against R. solani in vitro and in vivo. Ten R. solani isolates (eight belonging to AG-4 and two belonging to AG-A and AG2-1) were studied. AG4 isolates were pathogenic to cucumber plants, while AG-A and AG2-1 isolates were non-pathogenic. Seven isol

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