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Journal articles on the topic 'Commercial law'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 30 July 2024

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1

Choi, Junesun. "Commercial Law." Commercial Law Review 36, no. 1 (May 31, 2017): 9–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.21188/clr.36.1.1.

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2

Endeshaw, Assafa. "Commercial law." Computer Law & Security Review 13, no. 5 (September 1997): 325–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0267-3649(97)80171-9.

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3

Rogers, Kevin M. "Commercial Law: Philosophical Contrasts in Commercial and Consumer Law - Should we Codify Commercial Law?" Business Law Review 26, Issue 11 (November 1, 2005): 262–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/bula2005198.

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4

Rosen, Kenneth. "Company Law and the Law of Succession Droit Commercial/Commercial Law." American Journal of Comparative Law 62, no. 1 (July 1, 2014): 387–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.5131/ajcl.2013.0029.

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5

Sealy, Len. "COMMERCIAL LAW AND COMPANY LAW." Denning Law Journal 14, no. 1 (November 20, 2012): 13–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.5750/dlj.v14i1.276.

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6

Kamali, Mohammad Hashim. "Islamic Commercial Law." American Journal of Islam and Society 13, no. 2 (July 1, 1996): 197–212. http://dx.doi.org/10.35632/ajis.v13i2.2330.

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Introductory RemarksThe Islamic law of transactions (mu'amalat) has often been singled outas the most important area of contemporary research in Islamic theses, somuch so that, according to some observers, its priority is even higher thanthat of research in applied sciences and medicine. This status is due to thecritical importance of commercial transactions in the wealth generation andproductivity prospects of contemporary Muslim countries. New researchon issues of conventional fiqh al mu'amalat is essential for the viability andsuccess of economic development programs in Muslim countries. In recentdecades, research interest in fiqh al mu'amalat has been shifting increasinglyto specific themes and development of new operative formulas tostimulate profitable business in the marketplace. Evidently, futures tradingis one such theme where original ijtihad is required to enhance theprospects of economic success, especially in farming and agro-based industriesin developing Muslim countries.The futures market is where contracts for future sale and purchase canbe concluded for standardized quantities and qualities of commodities, currencies,bonds, and stocks. Ever since the large-scale inception of futuresmarkets in the early 1970s, new products and trading formulas in varioustrade sectors involving commodities, options, financial futures, and stockindex futures, among others, have increased so much that futures contractscurrently are available in over eighty commodities, ranging from foodgrains, oil and oil seeds, sugar, coffee, livestock, eggs, orange juice, cotton,rubber, precious metals, and currencies. In terms of volume, futures tradinghas far exceeded trading levels in conventional stocks and, currently, is thesingle most voluminous mode of commerce on the global scale ...
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7

Kamali, Mohammad Hashim. "ISLAMIC COMMERCIAL LAW." American Journal of Islam and Society 14, no. 3 (October 1, 1997): 17–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.35632/ajis.v14i3.2280.

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This essay is presented in two sections. Section one is devoted to amarket analysis of options, and section two to a Shari'ah perspective onoptions trading. There is no real shortage of information in the operationalprocedures of options and the various ways in which options areutilized as trading vehicles and hedging and risk-reduction devices. Onthe other hand, there is a shortage of in-depth information analyzingoptions trading from the perspective of the Shari'ah. The second part ofthis essay is tentative, in part because certain aspects of the issue needfurther development and research. The literature on the subject is in itsearly stages and has not reached a stage where consensus on issues canbe identified. This is borne out perhaps by the divided opinion that wehave at present over the basic question of the validity or nonvalidity ofoptions from an Islamic legal perspective. I shall review these twoopposing currents of opinion in due course. Suffice it here to note thatthis presentation does not seek to advocate the validity of those varietiesof options which either directly or indirectly proceed on the charging offixed interest to accounts. This may be said to be one of the distinctivefeatures of the Shari'ah perspective on options-just as it is of all varietiesof commercial transactions in Islamic law.My review of the mechanics of options trading in the first section ofthis essay broadly indicates that options trading does not proceed oncharging of fixed interest, nor does it involve unwarranted risk takingand uncertainty (gharur). Options trading has a logic of its own, whichis dominated by the idea of risk reduction and hedging against excessivelylarge positions in its underlying assets. From the perspective ofIslamic law this aspect of options is attractive and hence, from this perspectiveI make the case for the legality of options. I may also add herein passing that options trading cannot be equated with gambling or overindulgencein financial speculation. as it is basically designed to ...
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8

Timmermans, Wim. "Russian Commercial Law." Review of Central and East European Law 34, no. 4 (2009): 407–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/092598809x12474728805895.

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9

Vasiljević, Mirko. "Commercial companies and commercial courts." Pravo i privreda 58, no. 3 (2020): 7–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/pip2003007v.

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The company law rules governing commercial companies, being a special sphere of substantive law, are not and cannot by themselves constitute a closed regulatory system. Practical legal life of numerous substantive institutes of company law is possible only within the complete legal surrounding and in delicate cooperation between substantive and procedural regulation. At this moment, the Serbian legal scene is characterized by an evident gap between legislative aspiration which covers the sphere of substantive provisions governing commercial companies (Law on commercial companies) aimed at following the trends of the company law regulation in the leading European countries and harmonised regulation within this sphere on the level of EU and regulation which covers the procedure of enforcement of those institutes in practice, both contentious and extra contentious, both judicial and arbitration. Of course, this does not mean that regulation of substantive law institutes, especially the institutes which have their procedural side, is always fully acceptable and exemplary in all their aspects. In this article the author critically discusses, before all, shortcomings of Serbian companies' regulation which governs substantive law institutes having corresponding procedural aspects: arbitrability of internal company disputes (companies' members - members, members - board of directors, companies' members - company) and special companies' actions that are recognized and regulated by law (arbitrability of derivative action, arbitrability of individual action, arbitrability of class action); shortcomings of existing substantive legal regime of derivative action, which are the main reason of the scarce presence of this type of action in judicial practice; shortcomings of existing legal regime of individual action (especially on the level of covering the zone of reflective losses), as well as the shortcomings of legal regime of the class action as a kind of collective action (especially of its legal effect on non-participants in the procedure before courts or arbitration) and, finally, representative actions. The author draws the conclusion that it is necessary to review the substantive regulation in order to remove any possible ground for interpretation that internal companies' disputes are not arbitrable (capable of being resolved by arbitration under the arbitration agreement). In the same vein, the author submits that it is necessary to thoroughly modify the existing procedural regulation, in order to make procedural aspects of company lawsuits more straightforward and indisputable (litispendancy objection and res iudicata objection - the need to establish only the objective identity of the subject-matter of the disputes, procedural costs related to derivative actions, legal effect of class action on non-participants in litigation or arbitration procedure, practical aspects of representative legal actions and so on). Finally, the author proposes the introduction of the possibility for alternative competence of public notaries for numerous extra-contentious procedures which can now be brought only before commercial courts. As an argument in favour of this proposal, the author puts forward that, at present, public notaries are competent to perform various non-contentions procedures (this could partly compensate for their almost complete non-justifiable exclusion from the sphere of company law, which is the current approach taken by the Serbian public notary law).
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10

MacNeil, Iain. "Uncertainty in Commercial Law." Edinburgh Law Review 13, no. 1 (January 2009): 68–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/e1364980908000966.

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11

Lamers, A. H. (Ton). "Related commercial law agreements." European Journal of Commercial Contract Law 12, no. 1 (September 17, 2020): 22–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.7590/187714620x15989433942683.

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12

Smith, Edwin E. "Commercial and Insolvency Law." Proceedings of the ASIL Annual Meeting 101 (2007): 357–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0272503700026069.

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13

Henry, Sally M. "Bankruptcy & Commercial Law." SMU Annual Texas Survey 9, no. 1 (2023): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.25172/smuatxs.9.1.2.

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This Article analyzes and discusses cases—arising from the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit, the Bankruptcy Courts in Texas, the Texas Supreme Court, and the Texas Courts of Appeals—that resolved some fascinating and important issues in the areas of bankruptcy and commercial law during this Survey period.
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14

Henry, Sally M. "Annual Review of Texas Law: Commercial Law." SMU Annual Texas Survey 8, no. 1 (2022): 43. http://dx.doi.org/10.25172/smuatxs.8.1.4.

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15

Loos, Marco B. M., and Marco B. M. Loos. "Commercial Sales: The Common European Sales Law Compared to the Vienna Sales Convention." European Review of Private Law 21, Issue 1 (January 1, 2013): 105–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/erpl2013004.

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Abstract: If the Common European Sales Law (CESL) is adopted, commercial parties will have the opportunity to choose between two international legal instruments for the regulation of their international commercial sales contracts. Whereas CESL is available to both consumer and commercial sales contracts, the Vienna Sales Convention on the International Sale of Goods (CISG) is intended for commercial sales contracts only. This could suggest that CISG is more suitable for use in commercial sales contracts, as commercial parties usually have different interests compared to consumers. In this article, it is argued that, as CESL remedies major flaws in CISG, in fact CESL is the better choice (also) for commercial parties, in particular because it introduces coherent rules on defects of consent, clearer and more balanced rules regarding the incorporation of standard terms, and a scheme for the testing of the unfairness of standard terms. Résumé: Si le droit commun européen de la vente (CESL) est adopté, les parties commerciales auront la possibilité de choisir entre deux instruments juridiques internationaux pour la régulation de leurs contrats de vente commerciale internationale. Alors que CESL sera disponible dans le cas d'une transaction transfrontalière dans l'espace européen entre professionnels et consommateurs et aussi dans le cas d`une transaction entre deux professionnels, la Convention de Vienne relative à la vente internationale de marchandises vise uniquement les contrats de vente commerciale internationale. Ceci pourrait suggérer que la Convention de Vienne est plus appropriée aux contrats de vente commerciale internationale comme les parties commerciales ont en général des intérêts différents par rapport aux consommateurs. Dans cet article, nous postulons que CESL répare les défauts majeurs dans la Convention de Vienne et propose en fait le meilleur choix pour toutes les parties - professionnels et consommateurs -, en particulier parce que CESL introduit des règles cohérents sur les vices de consentement, contient des règles concernant l'incorporation des conditions générales plus claires et plus équilibrées et introduit des provisions pour tester le caractère abusif des conditions générales. Zusammenfassung: Sollte der Vorschlag über ein Gemeinsames Europäisches Kaufrecht (CESL) angenommen werden, werden Unternehmer die Wahl zwischen zwei Rechtsordnungen haben, die ihren internationalen Kaufverträgen zugrunde liegen können. Während der Anwendungsbereich des CESL sowohl für Verbraucherverträge als auch für Handelsverträge zur Verfügung steht, findet das Wiener Abkommen zum UN-Kaufrecht (CISG) nur für Handelsverträge Anwendung. Man könnte daraus schließen, dass das CISG als Grundlage für Handelsverträge besser geeignet sei, da Händler in der Regel von Verbrauchern abweichende Interessen haben. In diesem Aufsatz wird jedoch argumentiert, dass, da das CESL erhebliche Mängel im CISG behebt, das CESL grundsätzlich die bessere Wahl (auch) für Händler ist. Im Gegensatz zum CISG führt das CESL kohärente Vorschriften über Einigungsmängel ein, sowie klare und ausgewogene Vorschriften für die Einbeziehung und Inhaltskontrolle von Allgemeinen Geschäftsbedingungen.
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16

Hordiienko, T. O. "COMMERCIAL LITIGATION IN MARTIAL LAW." Juridical scientific and electronic journal, no. 5 (2022): 260–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.32782/2524-0374/2022-5/59.

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17

Salih, Bilal Siddeeq. "Environmental Factors Affecting commercial law." International journal of Rural Development, Environment and Health Research 2, no. 5 (2018): 57–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.22161/ijreh.2.5.3.

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18

Moskwa, Leopold. "Commercial law in Poland: Partnerships." Pravovedenie 65, no. 1 (2021): 76–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/spbu25.2021.105.

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Commercial law has lost its status as a branch of law separate from civil law and currently forms only a specialised part of it. The key criterion for distinguishing commercial law is the entrepreneur in the sense that commercial law is “the private law of entrepreneurs”. Due to their key importance on the market, commercial law companies occupy a special place among entrepreneurs and therefore there are attempts to make these forms of business activity as attractive as possible. The same applies to partnerships. Therefore, the following legislative efforts should be noted. Owing to the introduction of the Commercial Companies Code in 2001, partnerships gained legal capacity, but were not equipped with legal personality, and continued to be considered “imperfect” legal persons. Consequently, although they may acquire rights and incur liabilities, unlike legal persons, they are tax “transparent”, which means that they are not subject to income tax. The adoption of the principle of subsidiary liability of partners for the obligations of a partnership has become an important step and it strengthens the position of partners. This means that the creditor of a partnership may only conduct enforcement from the partners’ assets when the enforcement against the partnership’s assets proves ineffective. As a result, as long as the claims of the partnership’s creditors can be satisfied from the partnership’s assets, the partners are not in danger of being held liable for the partnership’s obligations. The introduction of two new types of partnerships into the Polish legal system, namely the professional partnership and a limited joint-stock partnership is of great importance. The former is intended only for professionals and regulates the liability of a partner for the company’s obligations in a very favourable manner. The partner is liable in a limited manner, i. e., solely for malpractice committed by himself or by persons under his supervision. In turn, a limited joint-stock partnership was introduced to protect entrepreneurs (general partners in spe) who intend to recapitalise on the enterprise which usually has an established position on the market, by issuing shares, without exposing themselves to the danger of the so-called hostile takeover.
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19

Nugraheni, Prasasti Dyah. "COMMANDITER FELLOWSHIP IN COMMERCIAL LAW." DIKTUM: Jurnal Syariah dan Hukum 18, no. 2 (November 29, 2020): 296–313. http://dx.doi.org/10.35905/diktum.v18i2.1055.

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Economic activity in the country of Indonesia experienced very rapid development. This can cause the emergence of a problem that exists in the community. Vice versa, a legal entity in carrying out its business activities also requires money. One of the business entities is Commander Association. A Commander Association is a form of business that is not a legal entity. A Commander Association in carrying out its business activities gets capital through loans from banking institutions and from non-banking institutions with a certain guarantee. This journal is written using a normative juridical method because this journal uses secondary data that is used as a tool to collect data. Therefore, the journal that is written will explain about a Commissioner Alliance in commercial law. The main problem in this journal is more focused on explaining the meaning of business entity, forms of business entity, understanding of Communist Alliance, process of establishing Communist Fellowship, responsibility of allied parties of Commander Association, forms of Commander Association, legal status of Commissioner Alliance, and dissolution process of Commissioner Alliance. This is because there is no legal rule that specifically regulates a form of business entity in the form of the Commander Association.
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20

Dutu, Adelina-Oana. "Law Governing International Commercial Arbitration." European Journal of Law and Public Administration 8, no. 1 (June 30, 2021): 01–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.18662/eljpa/8.1/143.

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The scope of this article is to identify the law governing the international commercial arbitration by reporting the international and internal regulations. We shall consider the situation of contracting parties selecting the law governing their contract and when the parties have not selected the governing law and decided for arbitration as manner of solving their disputes.
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21

Stratton, Harry. "Against renvoi in commercial law." Journal of Private International Law 17, no. 3 (September 2, 2021): 524–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17441048.2021.2003528.

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22

Buxbaum, Richard M. "Commercial Law-Single Shareholder Company." American Journal of Comparative Law 38 (1990): 251. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/840543.

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23

Maggs, Peter B. "Hiroshi Oda: Russian Commercial Law." American Journal of Comparative Law 50, no. 4 (2002): 875–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ajcl/50.4.875.

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24

Rizal, Haykal. "Blank Cheques Commercial Law Perspective." International Asia Of Law and Money Laundering (IAML) 1, no. 4 (October 5, 2022): 247–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.59712/iaml.v1i4.46.

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Cheques are one of the Securities Regulated in the Commercial Law Code, the use of cheques is increasing day by day, cheques as a means of payment is very beneficial for the issuer, because this check gives a sense of security for the issuer who issued the check and also the issuer can issue a check backwards if at the time the issuer issued the check, the funds in the bank is not enough. But in practice, there is often abuse of check issuance by issuing blank checks. By issuing a blank cheque will result in the issuer's account will be closed and reporting to Bank Indonesia, and the issuer's account should not be associated banks and may also be subject to criminal acts of fraud.
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25

Chatman, Carliss. "Teaching Slavery in Commercial Law." Michigan Journal of Race & Law, no. 28.1 (2023): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.36643/mjrl.28.1.teaching.

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Public status shapes private ordering. Personhood status, conferred or acknowledged by the state, determines whether one is a party to or the object of a contract. For much of our nation’s history, the law deemed all persons of African descent to have a limited status, if given personhood at all. The property and partial personhood status of African-Americans, combined with standards developed to facilitate the growth of the international commodities market for products including cotton, contributed to the current beliefs of business investors and even how communities of color are still governed and supported. The impact of that shift in status persists today. The commodities markets and the nations that rose and prospered would not be possible without the slave trade, and that trade would not be possible without the legal, business, and social norms in place to facilitate private ordering and growth while reinforcing the subjugation of African-Americans. Yet, many business and commercial law professors devote class time to teaching foundational and historical material, without any consideration of the impact of slavery. To avoid slavery in business and commercial law courses is to ignore an institution that plays a pivotal role in much of what we do today. Slavery is not a frolic, it is foundational. Many American universities played a role in the slave trade—either by receiving funds from the enterprise or receiving the enslaved as donations and using their labor or disposing of them for the financial advancement of the institution. In my Core Commercial Concepts course, a Uniform Commercial Code (UCC) survey class covering Articles 2, 3, 4, and 9, I devote time and space to discussions of race and the law by making the connection between the history of commercial concepts, slavery, and the role of the cotton industry in the shaping of international commercial law norms. In my simulation, described in this Essay, I teach the story of Washington and Lee University’s sale of individuals for the purpose of ensuring the institution’s financial survival, then extrapolate from the facts to review the high points of commercial law. I incorporate materials on the legacy of slavery at my own institution to provide students with a scenario based on the acquisition of real property and construction of buildings they engage with on campus. In this Essay I explain the methods I use to explore these concepts. Working in a framework that focuses on classification and status, my students consider issues of federalism and the impact of statutory definitions on private ordering, while discussing how these definitions shape the relationship of African-Americans to commerce.
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Keijser, Thomas. "Transnational commercial law and natural resources: overview of the ninth Transnational Commercial Law Teachers’ Meeting." Uniform Law Review 23, no. 2 (April 23, 2018): 172–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ulr/uny013.

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27

Li, Lei. "Theoretical Evaluation and Application of Case Law Teaching in General Principles of Commercial Law." International Journal of Education and Humanities 14, no. 1 (May 14, 2024): 260–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/abwqdj33.

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The General Principles of Commercial Law is a general summary and abstraction of the normative system of commercial law, which is of great guiding significance for the rules of adjudication of disputes in commercial practice in reality, and the lack of general commercial law norms makes the research and teaching of the General Theory of Commercial Law particularly important. The study of general commercial law is undoubtedly of more fundamental significance than the study of specific areas of commercial law. With the development of social economy, commercial law embodies more and more technical and practical, and the cultivation of commercial legal talents is more and more oriented to the employment demand, case study teaching has advantages in the teaching of general commercial law and should be emphasized. In the case teaching of general commercial law, the irrevocability of securities trading results can clearly reflect the style of commercial law to protect the security of transactions. The proportion and priority of case teaching in the teaching of general commercial law should be emphasized.
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Kopaczyńska-Pieczniak, Katarzyna Irmina. "Principle of Commercial Honesty as a Rule of Commercial Law." Studia Iuridica Lublinensia 25, no. 1 (April 20, 2016): 161. http://dx.doi.org/10.17951/sil.2016.25.1.161.

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29

Al-Khulaifi, Mohammed. "Major Features of Bankruptcy Law in Qatari Commercial Law." International Review of Law 2013, no. 3 (July 2013): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5339/irl.2013.cl.1.

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30

Benson, Bruce L. "Customary law as a social contract: International commercial law." Constitutional Political Economy 3, no. 1 (December 1992): 1–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02393230.

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31

Trakman, Leon E. "Contract and Commercial Law Scholarship in Common Law Canada." Osgoode Hall Law Journal 23, no. 4 (October 1, 1985): 663–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.60082/2817-5069.1890.

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32

Güvemli, Batuhan, and Fehmi Yildiz. "Commercial books under Turkish commercial laws concerning accounting." Pecvnia : Revista de la Facultad de Ciencias Económicas y Empresariales, Universidad de León, no. 11 (December 1, 2010): 85. http://dx.doi.org/10.18002/pec.v0i11.630.

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La modernización de las leyes comerciales de Turquía tiene una historia de 160 años (1850-2010). Los movimientos de occidentalización (Imperial Edicto de 1839) dentro del Imperio Otomano trajeron consigo la creación de la primera ley comercial, Kanunname-i Ticaret (1850 a 1926). Desde 1926 otras tres leyes comerciales fueron promulgadas. En este estudio, examinamos los libros de comercio dentro de esas cuatro leyes comerciales en el ámbito de la contabilidad. Nuestro objetivo es entender los efectos de los cambios de reglamentación comercial sobre la evolución de la cultura turca de contabilidad. Los resultados indican que debido a la ley islámica (Sharia), la aplicación de la ley comercial de 1850 no se había extendido. Las disposiciones legales que entraron en vigor con el establecimiento de la República en 1923 han hecho posible la promulgación de nuevas leyes comerciales. Así, el estudio también se ocupa del proyecto de ley de Derecho Mercantil de Turquía de 2005.<br /><br />The modernization of the Turkish commercial laws has a history of 160 years (1850-2010). The westernization movements (Imperial Edict of 1839) within the Ottoman Empire effected the establishment of the first commercial law, Kanunname-i Ticaret (1850-1926). Since 1926, three other commercial laws were enacted. In this study, we examine the commercial books within those four commercial laws under the scope of accounting. Our aim is to understand the effects of the commercial regulatory changes on the evolution of the Turkish accounting culture. Findings indicate that due to the Islamic law (Sharia), the application the commercial law of 1850 was not widespread. The legal regulations which were put into force with the establishment of the Republic in 1923 have made the enactment of new commercial laws possible. Thus, the study also addresses to the bill of Turkish Commercial Law dated 2005.<br />
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Мирмохаммади, Мустафа, and Mustafa Mirmokhammadi. "An Islamic View of International Commercial Law (Comparative Study)." Journal of Foreign Legislation and Comparative Law 2, no. 4 (September 5, 2016): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/21255.

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This article addresses comparative study of some ethical and legal rule in Islamic Jurisprudence (Figh). The first aim of this study is a review of Islamic teaching in the realm of commercial law and the second — is seeking and introducing similar concepts in the other legal systems. Therefore, the article divided in two sections. In the first section the author discusses about those principles and rules govern on international trades and next section will intrude some commercial ethical codes in Islamic teaching.
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34

Kwak, Kwan-Hoon. "Online Platform Operator and Commercial Law." BUSINESS LAW REVIEW 32, no. 1 (March 31, 2018): 135–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.24886/blr.2018.03.32.1.135.

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35

Roark, Marc Lane. "Scaling Commercial Law in Indian Country." Texas A&M Law Review 8, no. 1 (May 2020): 89–140. http://dx.doi.org/10.37419/lr.v8.i1.3.

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How do you drive economic enterprise in a financial desert? Indian tribes, academics, economists, and policy makers have considered the means and methods for energizing economic growth for forty years. Efforts such as the creation and promotion of the Model Tribal Secured Transactions Act (“MTSTA”) promise much toward creating conditions that would gather financial opportunity to tribal regions that experience poverty at a strikingly higher rate than any other place in the United States. And yet, while the law has been available for more than ten years, tribes have been reticent to adopt it. This Article fills the vacuum in the literature around the promise of uniform laws in Indian Country by describing the inherent tension that exists between downscaling uniform laws into tribal contexts and the localism that seeks to preserve localized values. This Article argues that tribal choices to accept uniformity or reject uniformity in these areas are built around a combination of formal associations and organic relationships designed to create “institutional thickness” in the face of other scarce resources.
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36

Crowhurst, Georgina. "The Commercial Impact of Environmental Law." Business Law Review 27, Issue 4 (April 1, 2006): 92–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/bula2006020.

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37

Block-Lieb, Susan. "A Sociology of International Commercial Law." Transnational Commercial Law Review 1, no. 1 (2020): 49–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.26494/tclr12020249-75.

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38

Sappideen, Razeen. "Harmonizing International Commercial Law Through Codification." Journal of World Trade 40, Issue 3 (June 1, 2006): 425–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/trad2006025.

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39

Benson, Bruce L. "The Spontaneous Evolution of Commercial Law." Southern Economic Journal 55, no. 3 (January 1989): 644. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1059579.

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40

McKibbin, Sarah. "Commercial Issues in Private International law." University of Queensland Law Journal 39, no. 1 (March 28, 2020): 147–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.38127/uqlj.v39i1.3897.

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Interest in Australian private international law has rekindled over the past decade. Australian courts are contending with more transnational litigation than ever before, facilitated by the ease with which people, business and information now cross borders.
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41

Smyth, Michael. "The Public Law of Commercial Regulation." Judicial Review 14, no. 2 (June 2009): 197–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10854681.2009.11426604.

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42

McClellan, A. "Commercial Arbitration and European Community law." Arbitration International 5, no. 1 (March 1, 1989): 68–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/arbitration/5.1.68.

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43

Johnston, David. "Law and commercial life of Rome." Proceedings of the Cambridge Philological Society 43 (1998): 53–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0068673500002145.

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Nearly thirty years ago, John Crook's well-known book Law and life of Rome provided what remains the most sustained and wide-ranging survey of the place of Roman law in Roman society. Chapter 7, ‘Commerce’, begins with the observation that in Roman times trade and business were relatively insignificant compared with land. No doubt few would disagree. But in recent years historians have done much to illuminate such questions of economic history as patterns of trade and consumption. Certain other matters, however, remain comparatively obscure. The non-legal sources are sufficiently unhelpful that it becomes important to have regard to the messages contained in the legal sources; and in them there is sufficient material to allow us to consider how the law shaped or was shaped by commercial life. The particular questions on which this paper touches are the type of labour – free or slave, dependent or independent – which was employed in commerce; and the manner in which commercial businesses were organized during the principate.
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44

Weickhardt, George G. "The Commercial Law of Old Russia." Russian History 25, no. 1-4 (1998): 361–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/187633198x00185.

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45

Yap, J. L. "Considering Commercial and Company Law Reform." Statute Law Review 36, no. 2 (March 4, 2015): 152–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/slr/hmv001.

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46

Stein, Peter. "Roman Law in the Commercial Court." Cambridge Law Journal 46, no. 3 (November 1987): 369–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008197300117258.

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Akhrorova, Sayokhat. "The overview of Islamic commercial law." Общество и инновации 4, no. 6/S (August 7, 2023): 394–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.47689/2181-1415-vol4-iss6/s-pp394-399.

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‘Islamic law’ covers all aspects of human behavior. It is much wider than the Western understanding of ‘law’, and governs ‘the Muslim’s way of life in literally every detail and, of course, it also regulates commercial transactions. It follows that the Islamic conceptual framework is quite unlike that of Christianity in which law is secular. There is no Christian law of contract, for example, no Christian law of property, whereas bodies of law dealing with such matters do exist in the shari’a –the ‘legal’ verses of the Koran and the traditions of the Prophet. The shari’a has long been abandoned and substituted by Western law. However, as a result of the Islamic revival, the possibility of adapting the shari’a to the modern world has been considered recently.
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48

Solloway, Robert G. "Developments in Contract and Commercial Law." Indiana Law Review 26, no. 4 (January 4, 1993): 761–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.18060/3029.

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Greenberg, Harold. "Recent Developments in Indiana Commercial Law." Indiana Law Review 28, no. 4 (January 4, 1995): 1125–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.18060/3157.

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Elməddin oğlu İbrahimov, Natiq. "The legal concept of a trade secret and its element." SCIENTIFIC WORK 15, no. 2 (March 9, 2021): 96–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.36719/2663-4619/63/96-99.

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In the broadest sense of civil law, trade secret is the object of its separate branches. The legal institution of trade secret occupies a special place in the system of civil and commercial law and includes a set of general and special civil law rules governing the civil circulation of commercially important information. The Civil Code of the Republic of Azerbaijan does not define a trade secret and does not specify its individual elements. However, we have a special act of legislation in our legislation that regulates trade secrets. Its main element is "information". In order to determine the commercial significance of information under the legislation of Azerbaijan, it is important to clearly define these criteria in the legislation, as well as to cause certain problems in a dynamic environment. According to the legislation of Azerbaijan, there are criteria set out in the legislation to determine the commercial significance of the information. The precise definition of these criteria in the legislation is important, but can also lead to certain problems in a dynamic environment. Key words: commercial secrets, intellectual property law, civil law, Azerbaijani legislation, commercially important information, nou-hau
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