Journal articles: 'Commercial-off-the-shelf software'

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Kalaimagal, S., and R. Srinivasan. "Q’ FACTO 10-A Commercial Off-the-Shelf Component Quality Model Proposal." Journal of Software Engineering 4, no. 1 (2009): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/jse.2010.1.15.

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Andrade, Ermeson, Paulo Maciel, Tiago Falcão, Bruno Nogueira, Carlos Araujo, and Gustavo Callou. "Performance and energy consumption estimation for commercial off-the-shelf component system design." Innovations in Systems and Software Engineering 6, no. 1-2 (2009): 107–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11334-009-0110-7.

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Turek, Thomas, Heimo Zeilinger, Berndt Sevcik, Edgar Holleis, and Gerhard Zucker. "Highly Available and Reliable Networks based on Commercial-off-the-shelf Hard- and Software." IFAC Proceedings Volumes 42, no. 3 (2009): 185–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.3182/20090520-3-kr-3006.00027.

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van Voorthuysen, Erik, John Olsen, Kristopher Langley, Mathew Lipski, and Karthi Subramanian. "Design for scalability of industrial processes using modular components." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part B: Journal of Engineering Manufacture 231, no. 8 (2015): 1464–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954405415598893.

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Economies of scale, globalization and mass production have pushed the scale of manufacturing processes and the ability to compete beyond the scope of most small and medium enterprises. With the affordability of standard, off-the-shelf industrial and computer numerical control components, software and allied tools, we investigate a systematic model that looks at a number of possible ways of downscaling machines and operations that are of particular relevance to small and medium enterprises. The concepts presented here specifically deal with understanding dependencies and scale factors in complex systems, where the design is realized on the basis of commercial “off-the-shelf” components and subsystems commercial off-the-shelf). It is systematically integrated into proven design methodologies such as the Verein Deutscher Ingenieure V-models, axiomatic design and quality function deployment.

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Graziani, Paul. "Commercial-Off-The-Shelf Software Becomes Mission-Critical to Success and Cost-Effective Space Missions." Information & Security: An International Journal 3 (1999): 43–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.11610/isij.0303.

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Lass, Robert N., Christopher D. Cera, Nathaniel T. Bomberger, et al. "Tools and techniques for large scale grading using Web-based commercial off-the-shelf software." ACM SIGCSE Bulletin 35, no. 3 (2003): 168–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/961290.961558.

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Mo Shifeng and Wang Danxia. "Implementation of a Flight Control Tower Simulator using Commercial Off-the-shelf Hardware." SIMULATION 86, no. 2 (2009): 127–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0037549709347914.

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Mester, Christian. "Sampling Primary Power Standard from DC up to 9 kHz Using Commercial Off-The-Shelf Components." Energies 14, no. 8 (2021): 2203. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14082203.

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In the framework of the empir projects myrails and windefcy, metas developed a primary standard for electrical power using commercial off-the-shelf components. The only custom part is the software that controls the sampling system and determines the amplitude and phase of the different frequency components of voltage and current. The system operates from dc up to 9 kHz, even with distorted signals. The basic system is limited to 700 V and 21 A. Its power uncertainty is 15 μW/VA at power frequencies and increases to 1.8 mW/VA at 9 kHz. With the extension up to 1000 V and 360 A, the system reaches power uncertainties of 20 μW/VA at power frequencies, increasing to 510 μW/VA at 9 kHz. For higher voltages or higher currents, the same principle is used. However, the uncertainties are dominated by the stability of the sources. The voltage and current channels can also be used independently to calibrate and test power quality instruments. Thanks to a time-stamping system, the system can also be used to calibrate phasor measurement units, which are synchronised to utc.

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ZACHARIAH, BABU, and R. N. RATTIHALLI. "A MULTICRITERIA OPTIMIZATION MODEL FOR QUALITY OF MODULAR SOFTWARE SYSTEMS." Asia-Pacific Journal of Operational Research 24, no. 06 (2007): 797–811. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217595907001541.

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This paper discusses a decision-making problem related to software creation through Commercial-off-the-shelf (COTS) modules. When different alternatives of the same module are available with variations in the attributes of quality (like reliability, execution time, etc.) and cost, the problem is to select appropriate alternatives and integrate them into a software such that the objectives of the software developer (with respect to the attributes of quality) are satisfied. This calls for the use of multiple criteria decision-making techniques. The possible inconsistency between the objectives calls for prioritization of the objectives. Hence goal-programming (GP) approach is used to formulate the problem. We present a Branch and Bound (B&B) algorithm to solve this problem.

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Aponte-Moreno, Alexander, Felipe Restrepo-Calle, and Cesar Pedraza. "Using Approximate Computing and Selective Hardening for the Reduction of Overheads in the Design of Radiation-Induced Fault-Tolerant Systems." Electronics 8, no. 12 (2019): 1539. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics8121539.

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Fault mitigation techniques based on pure software, known as software-implemented hardware fault tolerance (SIHFT), are very attractive for use in COTS (commercial off-the-shelf) microprocessors because they do not require physical modification of the system. However, these techniques cause software overheads that may affect the efficiency and costs of the overall system. This paper presents a design method of radiation-induced fault-tolerant microprocessor-based systems with lower execution time overheads. For this purpose, approximate computing and selective fault mitigation software-based techniques are used; thus it can be used in COTS devices. The proposal is validated through a case study for the TI MSP430 microcontroller. Results show that the designer can choose among a wide spectrum of design configurations, exploring different trade-offs between reliability, performance, and accuracy of results.

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Maslikowski, Lukasz, Krzysztof Kulpa, Piotr Krysik, Katarzyna Dabrowska-Zielinska, and Maciej Bartold. "An L-band noise radar demonstrator for ground-based measurements of ground surface backscattering." International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies 5, no. 3 (2013): 401–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1759078713000202.

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The paper describes a radar demonstrator that was used to collect L-band range profiles of illuminated ground surface. The measurement results are to be used by the Institute of Geodesy and Cartography as the reference data for satellite image interpretation. The demonstrator is a software-defined noise radar composed of commercial-off-the-shelf elements. The paper conveys the theory of scattering coefficient measurement, system setup, and signal processing as well as the preliminary results of the field measurement campaigns.

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Brown, Alison, and Paul Olson. "Navigation and Electro-Optic Sensor Integration Technology for Fusion of Imagery and Digital Mapping Products." Journal of Navigation 53, no. 1 (2000): 132–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0373463399008735.

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Several military and commercial platforms are currently installing GPS and inertial navigation sensors concurrently with the introduction of high-quality visual capabilities and digital mapping/imagery databases. This enables autonomous geo-registration of sensor imagery using GPS/inertial position and attitude data, and also permits data from digital mapping products to be overlaid automatically on the sensor imagery. This paper describes the system architecture for a Navigation/Electro-Optic Sensor Integration Technology (NEOSIT) software application. The design is highly modular and based on commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) tools to facilitate integration with sensors, navigation and digital data sources already installed on different host platforms.

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MEHLAWAT, MUKESH KUMAR. "A MULTI-CHOICE GOAL PROGRAMMING APPROACH FOR COTS PRODUCTS SELECTION OF MODULAR SOFTWARE SYSTEMS." International Journal of Reliability, Quality and Safety Engineering 20, no. 06 (2013): 1350026. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218539313500265.

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In this paper, we propose a multi-choice goal programming (MCGP) model of the multi-objective commercial-off-the-shelf (COTS) products selection problem. The proposed model simultaneously minimize the total cost, size, execution time and delivery time and maximize the system reliability of a modular software system subject to many realistic constraints including incompatibility among COTS products. We assume that the decision maker provides multiple aspiration levels regarding cost, size, execution time, delivery time and reliability objectives using discrete choices. To obtain efficient COTS selection plans, we use MCGP methodology to solve the COTS products selection problem. A real-world case study is discussed to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed model and methodology.

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Soares, Christophe, Rui S. Moreira, Ricardo Morla, José Torres, and Pedro Sobral. "A graph-based approach for interference free integration of commercial off-the-shelf elements in pervasive computing systems." Future Generation Computer Systems 39 (October 2014): 3–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.future.2013.12.035.

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Lightner, G. "Applications of Computer Programming to Specific Horticultural Research Problems." HortScience 31, no. 4 (1996): 697d—697. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.31.4.697d.

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The personal computer has become a standard research tool and is used in the research process from data collection to publication of results. The volume of computer software increases as personal computers proliferate. Most tasks are accomplished with off-the-shelf products available at any computer store. More specific needs are usually met with commercial software packages supplied by the company providing the research equipment or from a specialized software provider. However, there are specific research needs that are best fulfilled with a custom computer program. An interface between data collection and storage that is more comfortable to the user or a model developed with a narrow scope might be better served with software developed for that application. The development of software for the MARYBLYT fire blight system is presented.

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Gupta, Pankaj, Shilpi Verma, and Mukesh Kumar Mehlawat. "Fuzzy COTS Selection for Modular Software Systems Based on Cohesion and Coupling under Multiple Applications Environment." International Journal of Applied Evolutionary Computation 3, no. 4 (2012): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jaec.2012100101.

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Due to the rapid growth of development of component based software systems, the selection of optimal commercial-off-the-shelf (COTS) components has become the key of optimization techniques used for the purpose. In this paper, the authors use fuzzy mathematical programming (FMP) for developing bi-objective fuzzy optimization models that aims to select the best-fit COTS components for a modular software system under multiple applications development task. The proposed models maximize the functional performance and minimize the total cost of the software system satisfying the constraints of minimum threshold on intra-modular coupling density and reusability of COTS components. The efficiency of the models is illustrated using a real-world scenario of developing two financial applications for two small-scale industries.

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Storms, Russell L., John T. Roesli, Lloyd J. Biggs, John S. Falby, Paul T. Barham, and Michael J. Zyda. "The NPSNET Sound Cube." Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments 7, no. 5 (1998): 503–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/105474698565884.

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This paper describes the implementation of the sound system used to generate aural cues for use in the distributed virtual environment of NPSNET. This sound system is called the NPSNET-3D Sound Server. It is a MIDI-based loudspeaker system consisting of commercial, off-the-shelf equipment. This sound system currently generates 2-D aural cues via four speakers, but is designed for the potential generation of 3-D aural cues via a cube con®guration of eight speakers.

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Parthasarathy, Sudhaman, C. Sridharan, Thangavel Chandrakumar, and S. Sridevi. "Quality Assessment of Standard and Customized COTS Products." International Journal of Information Technology Project Management 11, no. 3 (2020): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijitpm.2020070101.

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Software quality is a very important aspect in evolving strategy for IT vendors involved in commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) (also referred as packaged software) product development. Software metrics are widely accepted measures for monitoring and managing the quality in software projects. Enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems are COTS products and attempt to integrate data and processes in organizations and often require extensive customization. Using software quality metrics already established in literature, software quality attributes defined by the quality model ISO/IEC 9126 were evaluated for a standard and a customized ERP product. This will help the ERP team to identify the specific quality attributes that were affected owing to customization. This research study infers that there exists a considerable impact of ERP system customization over the quality of ERP product. The implications of the findings for both practice and research are discussed, and possible areas of future research are identified.

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Gonzaga-López, Carlos, and Josep Maria Marco-Simó. "Procuring commercial-off-the-shelf software for Air Traffic Services systems in state-owned organizations: A client-centered case study in Spain." Journal of Air Transport Management 54 (July 2016): 47–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jairtraman.2016.03.013.

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TALLIS, MARCELO, RAND WALTZMAN, and ROBERT BLAZER. "Adding deductive logic to a COTS spreadsheet." Knowledge Engineering Review 22, no. 3 (2007): 255–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0269888907001166.

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AbstractWe exploit the spreadsheet metaphor to make deductive problem-solving methods available to the vast population of spreadsheet end-users. In particular, we show how the function-based problem-solving capabilities of spreadsheets can be extended to include logical deductive methods in a way that is consistent with the existing spreadsheet ‘look and feel’. The foundation of our approach is the integration of a standard deductive logic system into a successful Commercial-Off-The-Shelf (COTS) spreadsheet. We have demonstrated this by designing and implementing an extension to Excel that manages the integration of Excel and a deductive logic engine based on the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) standard ontology language OWL + SWRL.

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Zarubin, Mikhail, Larissa Statsenko, Pavel Spiridonov, Venera Zarubina, Noune Melkoumian, and Olga Salykova. "A GIS Software Module for Environmental Impact Assessment of the Open Pit Mining Projects for Small Mining Operators in Kazakhstan." Sustainability 13, no. 12 (2021): 6971. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13126971.

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This research article presents a software module for the environmental impact assessment (EIA) of open pit mines. The EIA software module has been developed based on the comprehensive examination of both country-specific (namely, Kazakhstan) and current international regulatory frameworks, legislation and EIA methodologies. EIA frameworks and methods have been critically evaluated, and mathematical models have been developed and implemented in the GIS software module ‘3D Quarry’. The proposed methodology and software module allows for optimised EIA calculations of open pit mines, aiming to minimise the negative impacts on the environment. The study presents an original methodology laid out as a basis for a software module for environmental impact assessment on atmosphere, water basins, soil and subsoil, tailored to the context of mining operations in Kazakhstan. The proposed software module offers an alternative to commercial off-the-shelf software packages currently used in the mining industry and is suitable for small mining operators in post-Soviet countries. It is anticipated that applications of the proposed software module will enable the transition to sustainable development in the Kazakh mining industry.

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Jung, Yeong-Ki, Kyoungsik Chang, Sang-Hwan Park, Van Thanh Ho, Ho-Joon Shim, and Min-Woo Kim. "Reverse Engineering and Database of Off-the-Shelf Propellers for Middle-Size Multirotors." Unmanned Systems 09, no. 04 (2021): 321–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2301385021500163.

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In this work, 22 off-the-shelf propellers of 15–40 inches in diameter are reverse-engineered using a scanning system and reverse engineering software. Geometric information, including the diameter and pitch of the propeller and its airfoil sections, are extracted, and the chord length and twist angle of the extracted airfoil sections are investigated. All processes for reverse engineering are validated through comparison with design drawing information, product and performance data of the KPROP propeller designed by Korea Aerospace Research Institute. Based on the validated process, a database of 22 commercial propellers from four companies is constructed containing all the reverse-engineered information. The chord length, the maximum length and twist angle with respect to the diameter of the extracted airfoil section are analyzed in comparison with each other depending on the company and propeller size. In addition, the thrust and torque are simulated using computational fluid dynamic methodology, and the predictions are compared with reference data provided by the manufacturers.

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Adam, George K., Nikos Petrellis, Georgia Garani, and Tilemachos Stylianos. "COTS-Based Architectural Framework for Reliable Real-Time Control Applications in Manufacturing." Applied Sciences 10, no. 9 (2020): 3228. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10093228.

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The challenge of keeping the development and implementation of real-time control systems reliable and efficient and at the same time, low-cost and low-energy, is getting harder. This is because system designers and developers are faced with the dependability, inflexibility and often high-cost of specialized or custom-built hardware and software components. This research attempts to tackle issues such as the reliability and efficiency of real-time control systems and advance further the current state-of-the-art. For this purpose, a strong emphasis is placed on finding novel efficient solutions based on standardized and commercially available off-the-shelf hardware/software components. In this direction, this research applies credible and feasible methodologies (e.g., model-based design, component-based design, formal verification, real-time scheduling, prototyping, and validation) in an innovative enhanced way. As an important outcome, a versatile integrative design approach and architectural framework (VIDAF) is proposed, which supports the development and implementation of reliable real-time control systems and applications using commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) components. The feasibility and applicability of the proposed system’s architecture are evaluated and validated through a system application in embedded real-time control in manufacturing. The research outcomes are expected to have a positive impact on emerging areas such as the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT).

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Burnetti, James, and Patricia Massimini. "Methodology for Creating Defensible Three-Dimensional Visualizations." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1526, no. 1 (1996): 166–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198196152600121.

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Commercial-off-the-shelf three-dimensional (3-D) modeling and visualization tools make it relatively easy to produce 3-D renderings of data. It is much more difficult to ensure that 3-D renderings honor the original data points, that they take into account the heterogeneity of the medium in which the data were collected, and that they convey the uncertainty inherent in interpolating between and extrapolating from the original data points. This study offers practical advice by describing three steps necessary to produce defensible 3-D visualizations: defining the problem to be solved, selecting the appropriate software tools, and applying the tools in a systematic manner.

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Saponara, Sergio, and Tony Bacchillone. "Network Architecture, Security Issues, and Hardware Implementation of a Home Area Network for Smart Grid." Journal of Computer Networks and Communications 2012 (2012): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/534512.

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This paper discusses aims, architecture, and security issues of Smart Grid, taking care of the lesson learned at University of Pisa in research projects on smart energy and grid. A key element of Smart Grid is the energy home area network (HAN), for which an implementation is proposed, dealing with its security aspects and showing some solutions for realizing a wireless network based on ZigBee. Possible hardware-software architectures and implementations using COTS (Commercial Off The Shelf) components are presented for key building blocks of the energy HAN such as smart power meters and plugs and a home smart information box providing energy management policy and supporting user's energy awareness.

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Jonassen, David H., and Sherwood Wang. "The Physics Tutor: Integrating Hypertext and Expert Systems." Journal of Educational Technology Systems 22, no. 1 (1993): 19–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/7l7f-57h5-apyu-aapa.

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The Physics Tutor is a prototype intelligent tutoring system (ITS) built with “off-the-shelf” software in order to test the utility, practicality, and generalizability of the ITS concept. The tutorial information is accessed through a semantically structured hypertext which enables students to browse through the knowledge base, secure examples, and quiz themselves with practice items. The student model and expert model are encoded in several hundred rules that are evaluated by a commercial expert system shell. The output of the expert system knowledge bases is a judgment about the learners level of conceptual development and some tutorial strategies for remediating deficiencies. Because of the slowness of the system, and the enormous amount of required development time, the practicality of ITSs is called into question.

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Chen, Jinfu, Yansheng Lu, Huanhuan Wang, and Chengying Mao. "A Quantitative Assessment Approach to COTS Component Security." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2013 (2013): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/165029.

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The vulnerability of software components hinders the development of component technology. An effective assessment approach to component security level can promote the development of component technology. Thus, the current paper proposes a quantitative assessment approach to COTS (commercial-off-the-shelf) component security. The steps of interface fault injection and the assessment framework are given based on the internal factors of the tested component. The quantitative assessment algorithm and formula of component security level are also presented. The experiment results show that the approach not only can detect component security vulnerabilities effectively but also quantitatively assess the component security level. The score of component security can be accurately calculated, which represents the security level of the tested component.

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Chen, Yanmin, Kuoye Han, and Mian Jiang. "Design and Control of a Quadruple-Input Double-Output Coherent Radar Test Platform Composed of Test & Measurement Equipment and Custom Hardware." MATEC Web of Conferences 214 (2018): 03004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201821403004.

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A radar test platform composed of commercial off-the-shelf test and measurement equipment and custom hardware has been built. This platform, which enables production of dual-channel coherent radar transmitting signals with a bandwidth up to 500MHz, and reception of four parallel channels of RF injection signals or echoes, can simulate various types of radar emitters or to simulate the multiple modes of operation for a single type radar. A software is also programmed with C++ language to control the waveforms, frequencies, phases, time delays and all other aspects of the test platform’s operation at all stages. At last, an application example is given when the platform is used for ISAR imaging verification.

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Liu, Chang, and Chen Meng. "Information Integration in ATS Based on ATML." Advanced Materials Research 962-965 (June 2014): 2699–702. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.962-965.2699.

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We describe the conclusions of a technology and communities survey supported by concurrent and follow-on proof-of-concept prototyping to evaluate feasibility of defining a durable, versatile, reliable, visible software interface to support strategic modularization of test software development. The objective is that test sets and support software with diverse origins, ages, and abilities can be reliably integrated into test configurations that assemble and tear down and reassemble with scalable complexity in order to conduct both parametric tests and monitored trial runs. The resulting approach is based on integration of three recognized technologies that are currently gaining acceptance within the test industry and when combined provide a simple, open and scalable test orchestration architecture that addresses the objectives of the Automation Hooks task. The technologies are automated discovery using multicast DNS Zero Configuration Networking (zeroconf), commanding and data retrieval using resource-oriented Restful Web Services, and XML data transfer formats based on Automatic Test Markup Language (ATML). This open-source standards-based approach provides direct integration with existing commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) analysis software tools.

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SHIN, MICHAEL E., and FERNANDO PANIAGUA. "DESIGN OF WRAPPER FOR SELF-MANAGEMENT OF COTS COMPONENTS." International Journal of Software Engineering and Knowledge Engineering 19, no. 04 (2009): 529–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218194009004246.

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This paper describes an approach to the design of a wrapper for self-managing COTS (commercial off-the-shelf) components. Each wrapper for COTS components encapsulates the properties of self-management — detection, reconfiguration, and repair. A COTS component deals with the application perspectives, whereas the wrapper handles the self-management perspectives, separately from the application perspectives. Each wrapper for self-managing COTS components is structured into several objects in support of detection, reconfiguration, and repair of the anomalous COTS components. The approach suggested in this paper is applied to the distributed elevator system consisting of multiple COTS components.

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AbdElHamid, Amr, Peng Zong, and Bassant Abdelhamid. "Advanced Software Ground Station and UAV Development for NLoS Control Using Mobile Communications." Discrete Dynamics in Nature and Society 2015 (2015): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/285746.

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Over the last decades, Unmanned Aerial Systems (UASs) have gained much attention due to their various applications in different sections. However, their communication range is limited to utilized communication equipment. Therefore, utilization of GSM channels opens a new prospect towards long distance UAV missions and mobile command and control centers. This paper demonstrates new design and development of a small-scale UAV and a Ground Control Station (GCS) using GSM bidirectional communications for Non-Line of Sight (NLoS) long range control. GCSs are considered the front end node in UAV guidance process. Therefore, the proposed GCS employs a two-layer framework to consider all ground pilot requirements. Moreover, a new exploitation of global weather forecast data is added to the GCS. On the other hand, the proposed airborne system utilizes a new integration of different Commercial off-the-Shelf (COTS) components and excludes short range receivers. The ground and flight tests show that stable bidirectional GSM communication is established, reliable hardware integration is accomplished, real time performance is achieved, GCS functional fidelity is obtained, and low cost is maintained. Finally, some qualitative aspects of the proposed platform are presented to address the detailed features.

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MEHLAWAT, MUKESH KUMAR. "A FUZZY APPROACH TO MULTIOBJECTIVE COTS PRODUCTS SELECTION OF MODULAR SOFTWARE SYSTEMS USING EXPONENTIAL MEMBERSHIP FUNCTIONS." International Journal of Reliability, Quality and Safety Engineering 21, no. 01 (2014): 1450005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218539314500053.

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In this paper, we study a decision-making problem related to software creation using commercial-off-the-shelf (COTS) products in a modular software system. The optimal selection of COTS products is difficult due to the variations in various critical parameters such as cost, reliability, execution time, and delivery time. Further, it is difficult to estimate precisely the values of these parameters since sufficient data may not be available and also there could be measurement errors. We present a fuzzy 0–1 optimization model of the multiobjective COTS products selection problem using exponential membership functions that simultaneously minimize the total cost, size, execution time and delivery time and maximize the reliability of a modular software system subject to many realistic constraints. The fuzzy goals are defined for each selection criterion as per the preferences of the decision maker and are aggregated using product operator to obtain an equivalent optimization model for optimal COTS selection. A real-world case study is discussed to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed model and the solution methodology.

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Sanfilippo, Filippo, Erlend Helgerud, Per Stadheim, and Sondre Aronsen. "Serpens: A Highly Compliant Low-Cost ROS-Based Snake Robot with Series Elastic Actuators, Stereoscopic Vision and a Screw-Less Assembly Mechanism." Applied Sciences 9, no. 3 (2019): 396. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9030396.

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Snake robot locomotion in a cluttered environment where the snake robot utilises a sensory-perceptual system to perceive the surrounding operational environment for means of propulsion is defined as perception-driven obstacle-aided locomotion (POAL). From a control point of view, achieving POAL with traditional rigidly-actuated robots is challenging because of the complex interaction between the snake robot and the immediate environment. To simplify the control complexity, compliant motion and fine torque control on each joint is essential. Accordingly, intrinsically elastic joints have become progressively prominent over the last years for a variety robotic applications. Commonly, elastic joints are considered to outperform rigid actuation in terms of peak dynamics, robustness, and energy efficiency. Even though a few examples of elastic snake robots exist, they are generally expensive to manufacture and tailored to custom-made hardware/software components that are not openly available off-the-shelf. In this work, Serpens, a newly-designed low-cost, open-source and highly-compliant multi-purpose modular snake robot with series elastic actuator (SEA) is presented. Serpens features precision torque control and stereoscopic vision. Only low-cost commercial-off-the-shelf (COTS) components are adopted. The robot modules can be 3D-printed by using Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM) manufacturing technology, thus making the rapid-prototyping process very economical and fast. A screw-less assembly mechanism allows for connecting the modules and reconfigure the robot in a very reliable and robust manner. The concept of modularity is also applied to the system architecture on both the software and hardware sides. Each module is independent, being controlled by a self-reliant controller board. The software architecture is based on the Robot Operating System (ROS). This paper describes the design of Serpens and presents preliminary simulation and experimental results, which illustrate its performance.

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JHA, P. C., P. K. KAPUR, SHIVANI BALI, and U. DINESH KUMAR. "OPTIMAL COMPONENT SELECTION OF COTS BASED SOFTWARE SYSTEM UNDER CONSENSUS RECOVERY BLOCK SCHEME INCORPORATING EXECUTION TIME." International Journal of Reliability, Quality and Safety Engineering 17, no. 03 (2010): 209–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218539310003767.

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Computer based systems have increased dramatically in scope, complexity, pervasiveness. Most industries are highly dependent on computers for their basic day to day functioning. Safe & reliable software operations are an essential requirement for many systems across different industries. The number of functions to be included in a software system is decided during the software development. Any software system must be constructed in such a way that execution can resume even after the occurrence of failure with minimal loss of data and time. Such software systems which can continue execution even in presence of faults are called fault tolerant software. When failure occurs one of the redundant software modules get executed and prevent system failure. The fault tolerant software systems are usually developed by integrating COTS (commercial off-the-shelf) software components. The motivation for using COTS components is that they will reduce overall system development costs and reduce development time. In this paper, reliability models for fault tolerant consensus recovery blocks are analyzed. In first optimization model, we formulate joint optimization problem in which reliability maximization of software system and execution time minimization for each function of software system are considered under budgetary constraint. In the second model the issue of compatibility among alternatives available for different modules, is discussed. Numerical illustrations are provided to demonstrate the developed models.

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GUPTA, PANKAJ, SHILPI VERMA, and MUKESH KUMAR MEHLAWAT. "A MEMBERSHIP FUNCTION APPROACH FOR COST-RELIABILITY TRADE-OFF OF COTS SELECTION IN FUZZY ENVIRONMENT." International Journal of Reliability, Quality and Safety Engineering 18, no. 06 (2011): 573–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218539311004251.

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The optimization techniques used in commercial-off-the-shelf (COTS) selection process faces challenges to deal with uncertainty in many important selection parameters, for example, cost, reliability and delivery time. In this paper, we propose a fuzzy optimization model for selecting the best COTS product among the available alternatives for each module in the development of modular software systems. The proposed model minimizes the total cost of the software system satisfying the constraints of minimum threshold on system reliability, maximum threshold on the delivery time of the software, and incompatibility among COTS products. In order to deal with uncertainty in real-world applications of COTS selection, the coefficients of the cost objective function, delivery time constraints and minimum threshold on reliability are considered fuzzy numbers. The fuzzy optimization model is converted into a pair of mathematical programming problems parameterized by possibility (feasibility) level α using Zadeh's extension principle. The solutions of the resultant problems at different α-cuts provide lower and upper bounds of the fuzzy minimum total cost which helps in constructing the membership function of the cost objective function. The solution approach provide fuzzy solutions instead of a single crisp solution thereby giving decision maker enough flexibility in maintaining cost-reliability trade-off of COTS selection besides meeting other important system requirements. A real-world case study is discussed to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed model in fuzzy environment.

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Wincott, Matthew, Andrew Jefferson, Ian M. Dobbie, Martin J. Booth, Ilan Davis, and Richard M. Parton. "Democratising “Microscopi”: a 3D printed automated XYZT fluorescence imaging system for teaching, outreach and fieldwork." Wellcome Open Research 6 (March 22, 2021): 63. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/wellcomeopenres.16536.1.

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Commercial fluorescence microscope stands and fully automated XYZt fluorescence imaging systems are generally beyond the limited budgets available for teaching and outreach. We have addressed this problem by developing “Microscopi”, an accessible, affordable, DIY automated imaging system that is built from 3D printed and commodity off-the-shelf hardware, including electro-mechanical, computer and optical components. Our design features automated sample navigation and image capture with a simple web-based graphical user interface, accessible with a tablet or other mobile device. The light path can easily be switched between different imaging modalities. The open source Python-based control software allows the hardware to be driven as an integrated imaging system. Furthermore, the microscope is fully customisable, which also enhances its value as a learning tool. Here, we describe the basic design and demonstrate imaging performance for a range of easily sourced specimens.

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De Kroon, Joseph P., and Bert Bras. "Practical Considerations for Setting Up A Virtual Reality System for Virtual Prototyping." Journal of Computing and Information Science in Engineering 3, no. 3 (2003): 266–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1599365.

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As smaller companies in a wider range of industries seek to implement virtual reality (VR) in their product development cycles, they are presented with a wide range of choices for commercial off-the-shelf hardware and software components that make up a virtual reality system. In this article, results and learning from efforts in an industry project (as well as from our continued work in this field of research) are shared, which are expected to be of practical use for the engineer in industry or researcher in academia who wishes to use VR for virtual prototyping. Some findings are presented about what VR is and is not, and advice is provided about selecting a candidate application and selecting VR system components, suggesting a list of criteria by which VR system components may be compared and selected.

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Williams, Nathan D. "Geoprocessing Techniques for the Visualization of Subsurface Geologic Data in Geographic Information Systems." Environmental and Engineering Geoscience 27, no. 3 (2021): 259–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.2113/eeg-d-20-00050.

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ABSTRACT The ability to visualize subsurface geologic information is critical to sound decision making in many disciplines of geology. While there are numerous commercial off-the-shelf software solutions available to model geologic data in both 2D and 3D, these can be costly and have a steep learning curve. Some of the same functionality of these software packages can be accomplished by workflows that incorporate built-in geoprocessing tools of Geographic Information System (GIS) software. These workflows allow the geologist to plot vertical or inclined borehole data in 2D or 3D, create section views of raster data along section lines, and provide a means to convert contact elevations from existing geologic cross sections into plan-view or 3D space. These workflows have been successfully used to visualize construction data and subsurface geologic information for several embankment dams. Grouting and exploratory borehole data from databases with tens of thousands of records have been transformed into 2D and 3D GIS features. The workflows were instrumental in developing a 3D GIS model of site geology from which a series of geologic cross sections were drawn. These sections were critical in informing risk decisions related to the foundation conditions for a recent risk assessment of an earthen embankment dam.

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Visockienė, Jūratė Sužiedelytė, Domantas Bručas, Renata Bagdžiūnaitė, Rūta Puzienė, Arminas Stanionis, and Ugnius Ragauskas. "Remotely-piloted aerial system for photogrammetry: orthoimage generation for mapping applications." Geografie 121, no. 3 (2016): 349–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.37040/geografie2016121030349.

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Recently the tendency of replacing aircraft by light, simple, cheap unmanned aerial vehicles for the purposes of updating the field of aerial photogrammetry has been observed. The article deals with the issues of project calculations concerning unmanned aerial vehicles flights and an analysis of the images acquired during field-testing flights. In this article, we analyze the images acquired by mini unmanned aerial vehicles, in particular, the 1.8 plane and the plane SOA-1 that have been processed by a commercial off-the-shelf software package Agisoft PhotoScan (Russia). The 1.8 plane was equipped with the camera Canon S100, containing known camera calibration parameters. These parameters were used for the processing of the image. The aircraft SOA-1 had the camera Canon PowerShot SX280 HS without camera calibration parameters. The camera parameters were calculated by software during the processing image. The paper also presents results of an investigation into the average camera location errors during the test flights, the quality of orthoimage generation by point cloud and a digital terrain model.

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Cho, Dong-Hyun, Won-Sub Choi, Min-Ki Kim, Jin-Hyung Kim, Eunsup Sim, and Hae-Dong Kim. "High-Resolution Image and Video CubeSat (HiREV): Development of Space Technology Test Platform Using a Low-Cost CubeSat Platform." International Journal of Aerospace Engineering 2019 (May 23, 2019): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/8916416.

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In this paper, we present high-resolution image and video CubeSat (HiREV), the first constructed 6 U platform to reach the space technology test bed stage, developed by the Korea Aerospace Research Institute (KARI). The CubeSat system is a low-cost platform that has been widely applied to various space missions, from missions involving earth observation to deep space. Despite the emergence of the CubeSat technology worldwide, the CubeSat market in Korea is still in the beginning stages, and a standard testing platform is also in demand. For this reason, KARI is starting to develop a 6 U CubeSat platform, which includes a less than 3 U bus system and greater than 3 U payload space. HiREV has been developed with locally manufactured parts, creating a domestic commercial off-the-shelf infrastructure for CubeSat and 3 m resolution camera payload development. Core flight software has also been applied as an on-board flight software system. Presently, we have developed the main system, while HiREV is under space environmental testing.

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Huang, Xiaoying, Zhichuan Guo, Mangu Song, and Yunfei Guo. "AccelSDP: A Reconfigurable Accelerator for Software Data Plane Based on FPGA SmartNIC." Electronics 10, no. 16 (2021): 1927. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics10161927.

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Software-defined networking (SDN) has attracted much attention since it was proposed. The architecture of the SDN data plane is also evolving. To support the flexibility of the data plane, the software implementation approach is adopted. The software data plane of SDN is commonly implemented on a commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) server, executing an entire processing logic on a commodity CPU. With sharp increases in network capacity, CPU-based packet processing is overwhelmed. However, completely implementing the data plane on hardware weakens the flexibility. Therefore, hybrid implementation where a hardware device is adopted as the accelerator is proposed to balance the performance and flexibility. We propose an FPGA SmartNIC-based reconfigurable accelerator to offload some of the operation-intensive packet processing functions from the software data plane to reconfigurable hardware, thus improving the overall data plane performance while retaining flexibility. The accelerated software data plane has a powerful line-rate packet processing capability and flexible programmability at 100 Gbps and higher throughput. We offloaded a cached-rule table to the proposed accelerator and tested its performance with 100 GbE traffic. Compared with the software implementation, the evaluation result shows that the throughput can achieve a 600% improvement when processing small packets and a 100% increase in large packet processing, and the latency can be reduced by about 20× and 100×, respectively, when processing small packets and large packets.

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Bingham, Brian S., Jeffrey M. Walls, and Ryan M. Eustice. "Development of a Flexible Command and Control Software Architecture for Marine Robotic Applications." Marine Technology Society Journal 45, no. 3 (2011): 25–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4031/mtsj.45.3.4.

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AbstractThis paper reports the implementation of a supervisory control framework and modular software architecture built around the lightweight communication and marshalling (LCM) publish/subscribe message passing system. In particular, we examine two diverse marine robotics applications using this modular system: (i) the development of an unmanned port security vehicle, a robotic surface platform to support first responders reacting to transportation security incidents in harbor environments, and (ii) the adaptation of a commercial off-the-shelf autonomous underwater vehicle (the Ocean-Server Iver2) for visual feature-based navigation. In both cases, the modular vehicle software infrastructures are based around the open-source LCM software library for low-latency, real-time message passing. To elucidate the real-world application of LCM in marine robotic systems, we present the software architecture of these two successful marine robotic applications and illustrate the capabilities and flexibilities of this approach to real-time marine robotics. We present benchmarking test results comparing the throughput of LCM with the Mission-Oriented Operating Suite, another robot software system popular in marine robotics. Experimental results demonstrate the capacity of the LCM framework to make large amounts of actionable information available to the operator and to allow for distributed supervisory control. We also provide a discussion of the qualitative tradeoffs involved in selecting software infrastructure for supervisory control.

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Simon, Robert, Martha A. Schmidt, and Nancy Courville. "Test and Evaluation of an Air Force Non-Developmental Item (NDI) Computer System." Proceedings of the Human Factors Society Annual Meeting 32, no. 17 (1988): 1162–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193128803201708.

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The Air Force is fielding a computer-based command and control system to support fighter base mission requirements. The acquisition strategy for this system was to purchase it as a Non-Developmental Item (NDI). Since the hardware and software were in the Air Force inventory, it was determined that system development was not necessary. Initial implementation and installation occurred without system-level specifications or performance requirements. This paper presents the results of a Human Factors Engineering evaluation of the system from three perspectives: an Expert's view, a Military Standard view, and a User's view. Two primary lessons resulted from the evaluation: First, the multi-perspective evaluation technique is valuable and highly recommended for use in other HFE evluations. Second, the purchase of NDI or commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) items should be viewed from the systems perspective, i.e., even though subsystems may be NDI, the system may be developmental.

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Jilete, B., A. Mancas, T. Flohrer, and H. Krag. "OPTICAL OBSERVATIONS IN ESA'S SSA PROGRAMME." Revista Mexicana de Astronomía y Astrofísica Serie de Conferencias 51 (April 13, 2019): 139–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.22201/ia.14052059p.2019.51.24.

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This paper describes the current and planned optical observations initiatives at ESA’s SSA Programme. Several coordinated observation campaigns comprising some sensors have been performed. First qualification results from one of these sensors, SHOT telescope from Teplice Observatory are presented. The concept of an Expert Centre facilitating the SSA space surveillance and tracking (SST) segment’s use of optical passive and laser ranging data from external sensors is detailed that is found relevant for the community of optical observers in SST. ESA’s two half-metre class telescopes on robotic mounts have been integrated in the frame of a technology development programme. Following an in-factory qualification programme, under human supervision and involving commercial, off-the-shelf processing software, for full-end autonomy and robustness testing, the deployment to final sites, covering both hemispheres, is expected to finalise in 2018. Main figure of merits of these robotic telescopes are described.

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Chalhoub–Deville, Micheline, and Craig Deville. "COMPUTER ADAPTIVE TESTING IN SECOND LANGUAGE CONTEXTS." Annual Review of Applied Linguistics 19 (January 1999): 273–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0267190599190147.

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The widespread accessibility to large, networked computer labs at educational sites and commercial testing centers, coupled with fast-paced advances in both computer technology and measurement theory, along with the availability of off-the-shelf software for test delivery, all help to make the computerized assessment of individuals more efficient and accurate than assessment using traditional paper-and-pencil (P&P) tests. Computer adaptive testing (CAT) is a form of computerized assessment that has achieved a strong foothold in licensure and certification testing and is finding greater application in many other areas as well, including education. A CAT differs from a straightforward, linear test in that an item(s) is selected for each test taker based on his/her performance on previous items. As such, assessment is tailored online to accommodate the test taker's estimated ability and confront the examinee with items that best measure that ability.

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Fadlie Sabri, Sharizal, Nor'Asnilawati Salleh, and Elena Woo Lai Leng. "Designing and Developing a Ground Operation Software for Picosatellite Operation and Data Processing." Applied Mechanics and Materials 225 (November 2012): 475–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.225.475.

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Ground operation software (GOS) plays an important role in satellite operations. The software need to be able to retrieve, decode, display and archive the telemetry data as well as send command to control the satellite. These are mandatory functions which will allow satellite operators to communicate and command the satellite in ensuring its mission is executed as designed. Researchers in Agensi Angkasa Negara (ANGKASA) are currently developing a picosatellite as a research project using various Commercial Off-The-Shelf (COTS) components. Even the software algorithm and coding are being developed from scratch. Compared to bigger sized satellites, the picosatellite has a much simpler architecture, modules and mission, thus the required functions on GOS are greatly reduced. The communication protocol used is unique yet simple, which means the GOS will not require any additional modules to understand and interpret either the telemetry data or payload data received as it is already in an easy-to-understand format. GOS was developed using .Net platform with several modules for easy maintenance and expansion of the system. Closed-loop simulation was applied to test the functionalities of GOS as well as for debugging purposes. Results of the simulation are presented at the end of the paper. In conclusion, the GOS may require a few upgrades due to a change of hardware. However, it will still remain as the main reference for future development of GOS.

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Rabiei, Elaheh, Lixian Huang, Hao-Yu Chien, et al. "Method and software platform for electronic COTS parts reliability estimation in space applications." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part O: Journal of Risk and Reliability 235, no. 5 (2021): 744–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1748006x21998231.

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Adoption of electronic Commercial-Off-The-Shelf (COTS) parts in various industrial products is rapidly increasing due to the accessibility and appealing lower cost of these commodities. Depending on the type of application, having an accurate understanding of the COTS failure information can be crucial to ensure the reliability and safety of the final products. On the other hand, frequent large-scale testing is often cost prohibitive and time consuming for emerging technologies, especially in the consumer electronics sector where minimizing time-to-market and cost is critical. This paper presents a comprehensive Bayesian approach and software platform (named COTS Reliability Expert System), that integrates multiple pieces of heterogeneous information about the failure rate of COTS parts. The ultimate goal is to reduce dependency on testing for reliability analysis and yet to obtain a more accurate “order of magnitude” estimate of the failure rate through an efficient process. The method provides a foundation for incorporating manufacturers reliability data, estimates based on underlying physics-of-failure mechanisms and circuit simulations, partially relevant life test data of similar (but not necessarily identical) parts, and expert opinions on the manufacturing process of the COTS part of interest. The developed expert system uses Bayesian estimation to integrate all these types of evidence. The methodology is demonstrated in estimating the failure rate of a static random-access memory (SRAM) part.

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Saini, G. L., Deepak Panwar, Sandeep Kumar, Vijander Singh, and Ramesh Chandra Poonia. "Predicting of Open Source Software Component Reusability Level Using Object-Oriented Metrics by Taguchi Approach." International Journal of Software Engineering and Knowledge Engineering 31, no. 02 (2021): 147–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218194021500030.

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Component-based software development (CBSD) is an efficient approach used by software developers to develop new software. The commercial off the shelf (COTS) and open-source software (OSS) are two styles to implement CBSD. The COTS provides the interface and depicts the black-box behavior, but does not support several software quality characteristics. On the other hard, OSS is a more efficient approach compared to COTS due to its source code availability. This research aims to identify the reusability level of OSS components from an online repository of OSS. The OSS components are classified based on Chidamber and Kemerer reusability metrics (CK-metrics). This paper proposed a mathematical model to establish the relationship between the reusability of CK-metrics. Reusability level of OSS component has been measured and most effective CK-metrics obtained by applying the Taguchi design and analysis of variance (ANOVA). The input parameters for the experimental design are evaluated based on the OSS repository. Performance analysis has been carried out based upon the interaction effect between the reusability of CK-metrics. Main effect plots are created to identify the most reusable component of the OSS. The genetic algorithm (GA) is used to predict the optimized value of the different control parameters. The results indicate that the OSS component reusability level is 0.698194. The reusability of software has a significant effect on the quality of software. The quality of software can be improved by increasing the reusability of software components.

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Batista, Cleisson Fabricio Leite, Mario Godoy Neto, and Ellen Polliana Ramos Souza. "Adequação do processo de desenvolvimento de Data Warehouse para empresa varejista que utiliza software Cots." Revista Brasileira de Administração Científica 5, no. 2 (2014): 156–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.6008/spc2179-684x.2014.002.0012.

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A demanda por informação é cada vez mais frequente em pequenas, médias e grandes empresas, que precisam tomar decisões de forma rápida para manterem-se competitivas. Visando atender não somente a demanda de mercado, mas suprir a carência de muitas organizações no que diz respeito à transformação de dados em informação, surgiram as soluções de Business Intelligence (BI) baseadas em dados, tais como Data Warehouse (DW) e Data Mart (DM). O desenvolvimento destas soluções de BI, entretanto, está ainda muito longe da realidade da maioria das empresas brasileiras, em especial daquelas de médio e pequeno porte que, em geral, utilizam software de prateleira ou Commercial off-the-shelf (COTS). Os processos de construção de DW/DM são direcionados para software desenvolvidos sob encomenda, que contam com a participação efetiva dos analistas dos sistemas transacionais, projetistas e administradores de Banco de Dados, não contemplando as especificidades do processo de desenvolvimento de um DW/DM para Pequenas e Médias Empresas (PME) que fazem uso de software COTS. Neste sentido, este artigo relata as oportunidades e desafios enfrentados em um estudo de caso onde foi realizada a construção de Data Warehouse, para uma empresa varejista de médio porte que utiliza COTS na operacionalização dos seus processos de negócio.

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Withrow, Frank B. "The Videodisc: An Educational Challenge." Journal of Educational Technology Systems 14, no. 2 (1985): 91–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/70h0-fx5j-u3v1-65jm.

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This article details videodisc projects in elementary schools supported in part by the United States Department of Education. The development of private videodisc programs for elementary and secondary schools is also discussed. While the author feels that this is a promising technology, he considers it as still in an experimental stage. The Videodisc Interactive Microcomputer (VIM) project supported by the Center for Libraries and Educational Improvement included forty-five elementary schools in seventeen states. The best liked of the forty-five discs supplied to the schools was the “WHALES” disc developed by the National Geographic Society and the University of Nebraska. Developments in both hardware and software make it possible for the average school to purchase off-shelf operating educational programs. Pioneers in the commercial field have been Video Discovery and their bio-science discs, and Video Vision with their space discs. System Impact Incorporated of Washington, D.C. has just introduced a new comprehensive basic mathematics series, and the Society for Visual Education of Chicago, Illinois has introduced a social studies series. Videodisc technology holds great promise for educators at all levels.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Commercial-off-the-shelf software'

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