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D’Addabbo, Laquale, Perniola, and Candido. "Biostimulants for Plant Growth Promotion and Sustainable Management of Phytoparasitic Nematodes in Vegetable Crops." Agronomy 9, no. 10 (October 7, 2019): 616. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy9100616.
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The parasitism of root-knot nematodes, Meloidogyne spp., can cause heavy yield losses to vegetable crops. Plant biostimulants are often reported for a side-suppressive effect on these pests and many commercial products are increasingly included in sustainable nematode control strategies. Source materials of most biostimulants derived from plant or seaweed raw materials were documented for a reliable suppression of root-knot nematode species, whereas the suppressiveness of microbial biostimulants was found largely variable, as related to the crop and to environmental factors. Chitosan-based biostimulants were also stated for a variable phytonematode suppression, though clearly demonstrated only by a few number of studies. In a preliminary experimental case study, four commercial biostimulants based on quillay extract (QE), sesame oil (SO), seaweeds (SE), or neem seed cake (NC) were comparatively investigated for their effects against the root-knot nematode M. incognita on potted tomato. Soil treatments with all the four biostimulants resulted in a significant reduction of nematode eggs and galls on tomato roots, though NC and SO were significantly more suppressive than QE or SE. In addition, almost all biostimulant treatments also resulted in a significant improvement of tomato growth compared to the non-treated control. These preliminary results seem to confirm the literature data and clearly indicate the potential role of biostimulants for a safe nematode management both in organic and integrated crop systems.
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Crouch, I. J., and J. Van Staden. "Commercial Seaweed Products as Biostimulants in Horticulture." Journal of Home & Consumer Horticulture 1, no. 1 (October 14, 1993): 19–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j280v01n01_03.
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Ashour, Mohamed, Ahmed Said Al-Souti, Shimaa M. Hassan, Gamal A. G. Ammar, Ashraf M. A. S. Goda, Rania El-Shenody, Abd El-Fatah Abomohra, Ehab El-Haroun, and Mostafa E. Elshobary. "Commercial Seaweed Liquid Extract as Strawberry Biostimulants and Bioethanol Production." Life 13, no. 1 (December 28, 2022): 85. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/life13010085.
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Seaweeds are increasingly intriguing as a sustainable source of bioactive compounds. They have applications in agriculture, fuels, feed, and food products. To become a cost-competitive product with zero waste, a biorefinery approach is applied, where several products are valorized at the same time. True-Algae-Max (TAM®) has been investigated for its ability to improve the yield and nutritional facts of a strawberry plant. Three concentrations of TAM (0, 50, and 100%) were examined by foliar spray in 2017 with 50% NPK chemical fertilizer. Results indicated that growth, yield, chlorophyll, and potassium content were significantly improved by TAM treatments. TAM50 % resulted in maximum root length, leaf area, plant fresh weight, fruit weight, and yield with an increase ranging from 10 to 110% compared to control. Compared to the NPK control, strawberries grown with TAM50% improved total soluble solids (TSS) from 7.58 to 10.12% and anthocyanin from 23.08 to 29.42 mg CGE 100 g−1. Noteworthily, this reduced total sugar, and total phenolics were boosted by TAM applications, while non-reducing sugar was reduced compared to control. On the other hand, whole seaweed biomass and TAM residuals were used for bioethanol production by acid scarification. The maximum bioethanol yield was observed in residual biomass (0.34 g g−1 dw), while the whole seaweed biomass showed only 0.20 g g−1 dw. These results proved the biorefinery concept of using seaweed extract as a biostimulator and bioethanol production.
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Aremu, Adeyemi O., Gugulethu Makhaye, Samson Zeray Tesfay, Abe Shegro Gerrano, Christian P. Du Plooy, and Stephen O. Amoo. "Influence of Commercial Seaweed Extract and Microbial Biostimulant on Growth, Yield, Phytochemical Content, and Nutritional Quality of Five Abelmoschus esculentus Genotypes." Agronomy 12, no. 2 (February 9, 2022): 428. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12020428.
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Biostimulant application during the cultivation of underutilized crops is an environmental-friendly approach for their production and utilization to promote food security and human health. This study investigated the effect of two commercial biostimulants (a seaweed-based extract, Kelpak® (1:100, 1:40, and 1:20, dilutions), and plant growth promoting rhizobacteria, PGPR (1:5, 1:10, and 1:15, dilutions)) on the growth, yield, phytochemical content, and nutritional quality of five selected Abelmoschus esculentus genotypes. Biostimulant application significantly influenced vegetative growth and yield in a dose-dependent manner. Plant height, chlorophyll content, stem diameter, number of pods, and total pod fresh and dry weights increased with a decrease in dilution of the biostimulants. The application of PGPR (1:5) significantly promoted both the vegetative growth (plant height, chlorophyll content, and stem diameter) and yield (number of pods, total fresh weight, and total dry weight) when compared to the control (untreated plants) and other biostimulant dilutions. Genotype and biostimulant application had an interactive effect on all the phytochemical (total phenolics, flavonoids, and condensed tannins) and nutritional (β-carotene, vitamin C, calcium, iron, potassium, magnesium, sodium, and zinc) qualities evaluated. This study demonstrated the differential effect of biostimulant application on A. esculentus genotypes. These biostimulants can be used to enhance growth, yield, biochemical, and nutritional contents of underutilised crops such as A. esculentus, depending on the crop genotype, in order to improve crop productivity and combat food insecurity especially in food insecure communities.
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Santos, Patrick Luan Ferreira dos, Alessandro Reinaldo Zabotto, Half Weinberg Corrêa Jordão, Roberto Lyra Villas Boas, Fernando Broetto, and Armando Reis Tavares. "Use of seaweed-based biostimulant (Ascophyllum nodosum) on ornamental sunflower seed germination and seedling growth." Ornamental Horticulture 25, no. 3 (September 2019): 231–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/2447-536x.v25i3.2044.
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Abstract Seaweed extracts are employed as biostimulants due to their beneficial effects on crop growth and yield. Ascophyllum nodosum seaweed extract aid to improve seedling growth and development, and decrease seedlings production costs; however, the correct concentration must be used in order to maximize the biostimulant effects. Consequently, this study aimed to analyze the effects of different concentrations of a seaweed-based (Ascophyllum nodosum) biostimulant on ornamental sunflower seed germination and seedling growth. Seeds of ornamental sunflower cv. “Sol Pleno” were sown in polyethylene trays containing commercial substrate. The treatments consisted of dairy spraying 60 mL of the solutions 0 (control), 5, 10 or 15 mL L-1 biostimulant on substrate. The experimental design was completely randomized with 4 treatments (concentrations of biostimulant) and 4 replicates (10 seeds replicate-1). The evaluated variables were percentage, index and time averages of germination, seedling height, fresh and dry mass of shoot and roots, and root system morphology (WinRhizo). The increase of the biostimulant concentration enhances seed germination and seedlings development. The concentration 15 mL L-1 biostimulant showed the best results for percentage and index of germination and the lowest mean germination time and increase plant height and fresh and dry mass of shoots in relation to the control treatment. Accordingly, 15 mL L-1 biostimulant (Ascophyllum nodosum) is recommended for ornamental sunflower “Sol Pleno” seed germination and seedlings growth.
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Kalozoumis, Panagiotis, Christos Vourdas, Georgia Ntatsi, and Dimitrios Savvas. "Can Biostimulants Increase Resilience of Hydroponically-Grown Tomato to Combined Water and Nutrient Stress?" Horticulturae 7, no. 9 (September 8, 2021): 297. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae7090297.
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In the current experiment, tomato (Solanum lycopersicum cv. Nostymi F1) was cultivated in an open hydroponic system under optimal or stress conditions caused by reducing the supply of nutrient solution by 35–40% and treated with biostimulants to test whether their application can increase crop resilience to combined shortage of nutrients and water. The four different biostimulant treatments were: (i) no biostimulant application, (ii) treatment with the protein-based biostimulants COUPÉ REGENERACIÓN Plus and PROCUAJE RADICULAR provided by EDYPRO, (iii) treatment with a novel biostimulant based on strigolactones, provided by STRIGOLAB and (iv) treatment with MAXICROP, a commercial product consisting of seaweed extracts. Combined stress significantly reduced NO3−, P, and K in the root zone of tomato plants. However, the application of the strigolactone-based biostimulant to stressed plants maintained NO3− in the root zone to similar levels with non-stressed plants during the first and third months of cultivation. The biostimulants did not increase the vegetative plant biomass at 70 and 120 days after transplanting (DAT). The strigolactone-based biostimulant increased early leaf area development (70 DAT) and early fruit production compared to untreated plants but had no effect on total tomato yield (120 DAT). Maxicrop also increased early fruit yield, while Edypro decreased early and total yield compared to the control plants, an effect ascribed to overdosing, as the application rate was that suggested for soil-grown crops, while the plants were cultivated on an inert substrate. Strigolactone-based biostimulant and Maxicrop could be further studied by testing multiple applications during the cropping period.
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Mueller, S. R., and W. R. Kussow. "Biostimulant Influences on Turfgrass Microbial Communities and Creeping Bentgrass Putting Green Quality." HortScience 40, no. 6 (October 2005): 1904–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.40.6.1904.
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Immature sand matrix golf putting greens are considered to be inhospitable environments for microorganisms as compared to native soils. Subsequently, turfgrass quality may suffer in the absence of beneficial microbe–plant interactions. The turfgrass industry has responded by marketing a wide array of biostimulant products that claim to improve putting green quality through influences on soil microbial activity. A field study was conducted to determine what influences five commercial biostimulants have on the root-zone microbial community and creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera L.) quality. A three year old U.S. Golf Association (USGA) specification sand-based putting green (e.g., 80% sand: 20% peat humus by volume) was the test site. Commercially available biostimulants and fertilizer were applied biweekly from May until August 2000. The soil microbial community was characterized using soil enzymes and substrate utilization profiles. Turfgrass quality was determined visually by evaluating color, percentage of localized dry spot (LDS), and overall uniformity. Nutrient uptake levels were monitored to ascertain if increases in quality related to plant health. Visual quality of the putting green was significantly improved (p < 0.05) by the commercial biostimulants. The positive response to biostimulants was not of a nutritional origin. The biostimulants did not effectively alter the putting green microbial community in terms of enzyme activity or substrate utilization. However, a seasonal decline was detected in cellulase activity, which prevailed over any treatment effect, suggesting the root-zone microbial community responded to summer decline of bentgrass roots and concomitant decreases in quantities of root exudates. Visual improvements in putting green quality during the period of summer stress were primarily associated with the incidence of LDS. Visual LDS ratings were significantly reduced (less LDS) by applications of the biostimulants on each observation date (p < 0.05) and over the entire course of the experiment (p < 0.10). Surfactant properties of the biostimulants therefore appeared to play a major role in the improvements in putting green quality. This does not negate the fact that the seaweed extracts and humic acids in the biostimulants may have improved the heat and moisture stress tolerance of the bentgrass once the LDS formed.
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Soppelsa, Sebastian, Markus Kelderer, Raffaele Testolin, Damiano Zanotelli, and Carlo Andreotti. "Effect of Biostimulants on Apple Quality at Harvest and After Storage." Agronomy 10, no. 8 (August 18, 2020): 1214. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10081214.
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Nutritional unbalances, such as calcium deficiency at the fruit level, are generally the causative agent of post-harvest disorders in apples. Foliar application of Ca as calcium chloride is the current solution to increase Ca concentration in apples, even though the effectiveness of this approach is often not satisfactory. In this research, we tested the efficacy of a combined application of Ca with selected biostimulants to improve apple quality and to reduce the incidence of storage disorders. The experiment was conducted in two “Jonathan” apple orchards that differed in management systems and characteristics. Tree canopies were sprayed with calcium chloride alone and in combination with a commercial product containing zinc and silicon or a seaweed extract. The seaweed extract increased apple quality by boosting the reddish coloration (+32% of color index) and by enhancing final anthocyanin concentration of fruit skin. Both biostimulants significantly reduced (by 20%) the incidence of the physiological disorder, known as “Jonathan spot”, after 160 days of storage. Increased concentration of nutrients (Ca, Zn, and Mn) in the skin of apples after biostimulant applications, together with changes of the phenolic profile during the storage, are discussed as the possible causes of the reduced fruit susceptibility to post-harvest disorders.
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Makhaye, Gugulethu, Adeyemi O. Aremu, Abe Shegro Gerrano, Samson Tesfay, Christian P. Du Plooy, and Stephen O. Amoo. "Biopriming with Seaweed Extract and Microbial-Based Commercial Biostimulants Influences Seed Germination of Five Abelmoschus esculentus Genotypes." Plants 10, no. 7 (June 29, 2021): 1327. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants10071327.
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Seed germination is a crucial step in plant propagation, as it controls seedling production, stand establishment and ultimately crop yield. Approaches that can promote seed germination of valuable crops remain of great interest globally. The current study evaluated the effect of biostimulant (Kelpak® and plant-growth-promoting rhizobacteria—PGPR) biopriming on the seed germination of five (VI037996, VI046567, VI055421, VI050956, and VI033796) Abelmoschus esculentus genotypes. The germination responses of the bio-primed seeds were measured using six parameters, including final germination percentage (FGP), mean germination time (MGT), germination index (GI), coefficient of velocity of germination (CVG), germination rate index (GRI), and time spread of germination (TSG). Biostimulant application significantly affected MGT (1.1–2.2 days), CVG (1.4–5.9), and TSG (1.2–3.0 days). Genotype also significantly influenced the TSG (1–3 days). Significant interaction effect of biostimulant treatment and genotype was evident on the FGP, GI, and GRI of the germinated seeds. The most noteworthy effect was demonstrated by Kelpak® (1:100) applied to genotype VI037996, with significantly improved FGP (82%), GI (238), and GRI (77%/day) when compared to the control. Overall, the current findings suggest the potential stimulatory effect of biostimulants (especially Kelpak®) on the germination of Abelmoschus esculentus seeds. However, this influence was strongly dependent on the type of genotype.
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Soppelsa, Sebastian, Markus Kelderer, Claudio Casera, Michele Bassi, Peter Robatscher, Aldo Matteazzi, and Carlo Andreotti. "Foliar Applications of Biostimulants Promote Growth, Yield and Fruit Quality of Strawberry Plants Grown under Nutrient Limitation." Agronomy 9, no. 9 (August 26, 2019): 483. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy9090483.
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Biostimulants have been found effective in enhancing plant resistance toward stressful conditions. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy of selected biostimulants to overcome the negative effects of nutrient limitation on the growth performances and on the fruit quality of soilless cultivated strawberry plants. The condition of nutrient limitation was imposed by supplying the plants with only a single fertilization at transplantation and by excluding any further nutrient supply for the entire duration of the experiment (three months, from May to July). Strawberry plants were treated seven times during the period from preflowering up to berry maturation with different classes of biostimulants (humic acids, alfalfa hydrolysate, macroseaweed extract and microalga hydrolysate, amino acids alone or in combination with zinc, B-group vitamins, chitosan, and a commercial product containing silicon) at commercial dosages. The use of alfalfa hydrolysate, vitamins, chitosan, and silicon was able to promote biomass accumulation in roots (four to seven folds) and fruits (+20%) of treated plants, whereas the total leaf area increased by 15%–30%. Nutrient concentrations in leaves and roots showed variations for microelements (e.g., Fe, B, Zn, and Si) in response to biostimulant applications, whereas no significant differences were observed for macronutrient contents among treatments. Final berry yield was found around 20% higher in chitosan- and silicon-treated plants. Chitosan treatment significantly increased pulp firmness (by 20%), while a high nutritional value (e.g., phenolic compounds concentration) was observed in alfalfa- and seaweed-treated fruits (+18%–20% as compared to control). The overall outcomes of the present experiment show that selected biostimulants can be considered as a valid agronomic tool able to contrast the negative consequence of growing crops under insufficient nutritional conditions.
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Di Stasio, Emilio, Valerio Cirillo, Giampaolo Raimondi, Maria Giordano, Marco Esposito, and Albino Maggio. "Osmo-Priming with Seaweed Extracts Enhances Yield of Salt-Stressed Tomato Plants." Agronomy 10, no. 10 (October 13, 2020): 1559. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10101559.
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Salinization of agricultural land is an expanding phenomenon, which requires a multi-level strategy to counteract its deleterious effects on crop yield and quality. Plant biostimulants are increasingly used in agriculture with multiple purposes, including protection against abiotic stresses such as drought and salinity. The complex nature of plant biostimulants, however, makes it difficult to establish a cause–effect relationship between the composition of the commercial product and its expected effects. Here, we demonstrate that field applications of two algal derivatives (Rygex, R and Super Fifty, SU) cause a 26% reduction in shoot biomass and a remodulation of the root-to-shoot ratio under moderately saline irrigation (6.3 dS m−1). Moreover, plants treated with the two algal derivatives showed lower leaf water potential and improved water use efficiency under control conditions, suggesting an osmo-priming effect by these two products. These pre-adaptation responses increased tomato yield by 49% (R) and 70% (SU) regardless of the salinity level, with a remarkable reallocation of the biomass toward the fruits. Overall, our results suggest that the application of these two biostimulants can be useful in the open field to protect tomato plants from osmotic stress due to seasonal salinization, a phenomenon that typically occurs in arid and semi-arid environments.
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Mannino, Giuseppe, Maddalena Ricciardi, Noemi Gatti, Graziella Serio, Ivano Vigliante, Valeria Contartese, Carla Gentile, and Cinzia M. Bertea. "Changes in the Phytochemical Profile and Antioxidant Properties of Prunus persica Fruits after the Application of a Commercial Biostimulant Based on Seaweed and Yeast Extract." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 24 (December 14, 2022): 15911. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms232415911.
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Plant biostimulants are formulations that are experiencing great success from the perspective of sustainable agriculture. In this work, we evaluated the effect derived from the application of a biostimulant based on algae and yeast extracts (Expando®) on the agronomic yield and nutraceutical profile of two different cultivars (“Sugar Time” and “West Rose”) of Prunus persica (peach). Although, at the agronomic level, significant effects on production yields were not recorded, the biostimulant was able to reduce the ripening time, increase the fruit size, and make the number of harvestable fruits homogeneous. From a nutraceutical point of view, our determinations via spectrophotometric (UV/Vis) and chromatographic (HPLC-DAD-MS/MS) analysis showed that the biostimulant was able to boost the content of bioactive compounds in both the pulp (5.0 L/ha: +17%; 4.0 L/ha: +12%; 2.5 L/ha: +11%) and skin (4.0 L/ha: +38%; 2.5 L/ha: +15%). These changes seem to follow a dose-dependent effect, also producing attractive effects on the antioxidant properties of the fruits harvested from the treated trees. In conclusion, the biostimulant investigated in this work proved to be able to produce more marketable fruit in a shorter time, both from a pomological and a functional point of view.
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Gómez, Sofía, and Celina Gómez. "Evaluating the Use of Biostimulants for Indoor Hydroponic Lettuce Production." HortTechnology 32, no. 4 (August 2022): 348–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech05045-22.
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Biostimulant products have various reported benefits for plant production in the field or using hydroponic systems in protected structures. However, limited information is available describing their potential use for indoor farming applications. Considering that lettuce (Lactuca sativa) is one of the most popular crops produced in commercial indoor farms, the objective of this study was to compare growth and quality of lettuce grown indoors using nine biostimulant products derived from humic substances, amino acids, hydrolyzed proteins, or seaweed extracts. ‘Monte Carlo’, ‘Fairly’, and ‘Lalique’ lettuce were grown hydroponically for 30 to 33 days under a daily light integral, day/night temperature, relative humidity, and carbon dioxide concentration of ≈13 mol·m‒2·day‒1, 22/21 °C, 70%, and 800 µmol·mol‒1, respectively. There were no positive effects from using any of the biostimulant products evaluated in our study as growth (leaf area, leaf number, shoot diameter, and shoot and root dry weight), yield (shoot fresh weight), and quality (bolting, tipburn index, leaf color, and SPAD index) of treated plants were generally similar to those from the untreated control. Applications from one seaweed extract caused slight negative growth effects, possibly due to phytotoxicity. Cultivar differences showed that Fairly plants had the highest susceptibility to tipburn and bolting, and none of the biostimulant products countered these symptoms. Overall, the products evaluated provided marginal advantages for indoor hydroponic lettuce production.
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Hassan, Shimaa M., Mohamed Ashour, Nobumitsu Sakai, Lixin Zhang, Hesham A. Hassanien, Ahmed Gaber, and Gamal Ammar. "Impact of Seaweed Liquid Extract Biostimulant on Growth, Yield, and Chemical Composition of Cucumber (Cucumis sativus)." Agriculture 11, no. 4 (April 6, 2021): 320. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture11040320.
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Seaweed extract biostimulants are among the best modern sustainable biological plant growth promoters. They have been proven to eliminate plant diseases and abiotic stresses, leading to maximizing yields. Additionally, they have been listed as environmentally friendly biofertilizers. The focus of the present research is the use of a commercial seaweed biostimulant as an eco-friendly product (formally named True Algae Max (TAM). During the 2017 and 2018 seasons, five treatments of various NPK:TAM ratios were applied via regular fertigation, namely a conventional treatment of 100% NPK (C0) alongside combinations of 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% (C25, C50, C75, and C100) of TAM, to evaluate the effectiveness of its bioactive compounds on enhancing growth, yield, and NPK content of cucumber (Cucumis sativus) under greenhouse conditions. TAM is rich in phytochemical compounds, such as milbemycin oxime, rhodopin, nonadecane, and 5-silaspiro [4.4]nona-1,3,6,8-tetraene,3,8-bis(diethylboryl)-2,7-diethyl-1,4,6,9-tetraphenyl-. Promising measured parameter outcomes showed the potentiality of applying TAM with and without mixes of ordinary NPK application. TAM could increase cucumber yield due to improving chemical and physical features related to immunity, productivity, and stress defense. In conclusion, it is better to avoid applying mineral fertilizers, considering also that the organic agricultural and welfare sectors could shortly depend on such biotechnological tools and use them to fulfill global food demands for improved sustainability.
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Truzzi, Eleonora, Stefania Benvenuti, Davide Bertelli, Enrico Francia, and Domenico Ronga. "Effects of Biostimulants on the Chemical Composition of Essential Oil and Hydrosol of Lavandin (Lavandula x intermedia Emeric ex Loisel.) Cultivated in Tuscan-Emilian Apennines." Molecules 26, no. 20 (October 12, 2021): 6157. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26206157.
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In recent years, it has been shown that biostimulants can efficiently enhance plant metabolic processes, leading to an increased production of essential oil (EO) in aromatic plants. The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of two different commercial biostimulants composed of amino acids and seaweed extract, normally used for food organic crops, on the production and composition of EO and hydrosol of Lavandula x intermedia, cultivar “Grosso”. The products were applied during 2020 growing season on lavender crops in three different locations of the Northern Italian (Emilia-Romagna Region) Apennines. Plants were harvested and EOs extracted by steam distillation and analyzed by gas chromatography. Both biostimulants affected the yield of EO per plant (+11% to +49% depending on the treatment/farm combination) without significantly changing the chemical composition of EOs and hydrosols. Conversely, the composition of EOs and hydrosols are related to the location, and the main compounds of “Grosso” cultivar, limonene, 1,8-cineole, cis-ocimene, linalool, camphor, borneol, terpinen-4-ol, and linalyl acetate, show different ratios at the experimental test sites. The differences might be due to the sunlight exposure and various maintenance of the crops over the years. In conclusion, these results suggest that the employment of biostimulants on lavandin crops do not endanger the quality of the EO while increasing biomass production and promoting the sustainability of the crop.
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Abbas, Mazhar, Jahanzeb Anwar, Muhammad Zafar-ul-Hye, Rashid Iqbal Khan, Muhammad Saleem, Ashfaq Ahmad Rahi, Subhan Danish, and Rahul Datta. "Effect of Seaweed Extract on Productivity and Quality Attributes of Four Onion Cultivars." Horticulturae 6, no. 2 (May 8, 2020): 28. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae6020028.
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The excessive use of chemicals and inorganic fertilizers by farmers to increase crop yield is detrimental to the environment and human health. Application of biostimulants such as seaweed extract (SWE) in agriculture could be an effective and eco-friendly alternative to inorganic fertilizers. Biostimulants are natural organic degradable substances. Their application serves as a source of nutrition for crops, possibly improving growth and productivity when applied in combination with the fertilizers. The current study was conducted to evaluate the vegetative growth, reproductive behavior and quality attributes of four onion cultivars, ‘Lambada’, ‘Red Bone’, ‘Nasarpuri’, and ‘Phulkara’, in response to different concentrations of commercial SWE. Four levels of SWE extract were used, 0% (control), 0.5%, 1%, 2%, and 3%, which were applied as a foliar spray to each cultivar. The application of 0.5% SWE caused a significant increase in total soluble solids, mineral content (N, P, and K), bulb weight and yield. Application at 3% SWE increased ascorbic acid as compared to control. The cultivars responded in different ways regarding bulb dry weight and bulb and neck diameter. Among all cultivars, ‘Lambada’ showed the maximum bulb dry matter, ‘Phulkara’ showed enhanced neck diameter whereas ‘Red Bone’ showed maximum leaf length. It is concluded that 0.5% SWE increased the yield, nutrient contents, and total soluble solids (TSS) of the four onion cultivars whereas 3% SWE, the highest concentration, increased ascorbic acid in different onion cultivars.
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Lötze, Elmi, and Eleanor W. Hoffman. "Nutrient composition and content of various biological active compounds of three South African-based commercial seaweed biostimulants." Journal of Applied Phycology 28, no. 2 (June 22, 2015): 1379–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10811-015-0644-z.
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Rengasamy, Kannan R. R., Manoj G. Kulkarni, Heino B. Papenfus, and Johannes Van Staden. "Quantification of plant growth biostimulants, phloroglucinol and eckol, in four commercial seaweed liquid fertilizers and some by-products." Algal Research 20 (December 2016): 57–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.algal.2016.09.017.
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Moncada, Alessandra, Filippo Vetrano, Alessandro Esposito, and Alessandro Miceli. "Effects of NAA and Ecklonia maxima Extracts on Lettuce and Tomato Transplant Production." Agronomy 12, no. 2 (January 27, 2022): 329. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12020329.
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Ecklonia maxima and the commercial biostimulants produced from it contain various plant growth regulators that are responsible for the growth stimulation recorded in many crops. Auxins are one of the major plant growth regulators contained in E. maxima extracts. The aim of this research was to evaluate the growth-promoting effect of a seaweed extract from E. maxima on lettuce and tomato transplant production under nursery conditions, and to compare the effect of this extract with an equal concentration of synthetic auxin. Two doses of natural or synthetic exogenous auxins (50 or 100 μg L−1) were supplied to the substrate through the irrigation water with an ebb and flow system, 4, 11, and 18 days after sowing. A commercial biostimulant based on E. maxima extract was used as a source of natural auxin, while 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) was used as a synthetic auxin. Seedlings supplied only with water were used as a control. Tomato seedlings treated with 100 μg L−1 of natural auxins from E. maxima extract produced the tallest plants (+22%), with a higher leaf number (+12%), a wider leaf area (+44%), and a stronger stem (+12%), whereas lettuce seedling growth was promoted by all the treatments, but with a greater effect with increasing auxin supplementation and when using E. maxima extract, compared to NAA. The results showed that the supplementation of exogenous synthetic auxin (NAA), or an E. maxima extract containing natural auxins, can have a growth-promoting effect on lettuce and tomato seedlings. This effect was more evident on lettuce than tomato. The biostimulant produced from E. maxima extracts improved seedling quality and promoted shoot and root growth more than the NAA used as a synthetic source of auxins.
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Pessenti, Isabela Leticia, Ricardo Antonio Ayub, José Luis Marcon Filho, Fábio Chaves Clasen, César Valmor Rombaldi, and Renato Vasconcelo Botelho. "Influence of abscisic acid, Ascophyllum nodosum and Aloe vera on the phenolic composition and color of grape berry and wine of 'Cabernet Sauvignon' variety." Ciência e Técnica Vitivinícola 37, no. 1 (2022): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/ctv/ctv202237011.
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In viticulture, various techniques can be used to improve productivity, tolerance to biotic or abiotic stress, the quality of grapes and wines such as the use of plant regulators and biostimulants. Thus, the objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of application of abscisic acid (S-ABA), Ascophyllum nodosum (A. nodosum) seaweed extract and Aloe vera (A. vera) gel on phenolic composition and chromatic characteristics of grapes from the 'Cabernet Sauvignon' variety. The experiment was conducted in a commercial vineyard in Campo Largo - Paraná, in two consecutive seasons, 2017/18 and 2018/19, involving the following treatments: 1) control; 2) (S-ABA) 400 mg/L; 3) S- ABA 600 mg/L; 4) A. vera gel 200 mL/L; 5) A. vera gel 400 mL/L; 6) seaweed extract 0.2 mL/L; 7) seaweed extract 0.4 mL/L. Two applications were performed with the seaweed extract and A. gel when the bunches were at veraison stage (50 and 75% of grape berries with coloration). Total anthocyanins content, total polyphenols content and activity of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), polyphenoloxidase and peroxidase enzymes were assessed in the berries skin. Total anthocyanins, individual anthocyanins and total polyphenol contents as well as lightness, chroma and hue angle were analyzed in the corresponding wines. S-ABA increased the content of anthocyanins and total polyphenols, as well as the activity of PAL in the first season. A. nodosum (AN) seaweed extract increased the total polyphenol content, total anthocyanins content and PAL in the berry skin of 'Cabernet Sauvignon' variety. S-ABA increased the total polyphenol content and anthocyanins in wine, as well as the A. nodosum, in at least one of the evaluated seasons.
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Lötze, Elmi, and Eleanor Hoffman. "Erratum to: Nutrient composition and content of various biological active compounds of three South African-based commercial seaweed biostimulants." Journal of Applied Phycology 29, no. 1 (January 12, 2017): 661. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10811-016-0870-z.
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Shoham, Jonathan. "The Rise of Biological Products in the Crop Protection and Plant Nutrition Markets." Outlooks on Pest Management 31, no. 3 (June 1, 2020): 129–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1564/v31_jun_09.
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Biological control agents and biostimulants are niche sectors within the Crop Protection and Plant Nutrition sectors which are experiencing rapid growth, driven by an increasingly favourable regulatory environment, growing pest resistance to conventional products, the pull for sustainable agriculture and technological advances. Whilst there are now more BCAs registered than conventional CP products the products also have some limitations compared with conventional products and the sector remains confined mainly to fruit and vegetables, both indoors (protected crops) and outdoors. Their future growth will be determined by the extent to which their use can be expanded into broad-acre crops. The markets for crop protection (CP) products (such as herbicides, insecticides and fungicides) and fertilizers (including nitrogen, phosphorus pentoxide, and water-soluble potash) are generally considered to be mature. In most significant agricultural economies, these markets show single-digit growth at best. Within these markets, however, are two faster-growing sectors: those based on naturally-derived products. Biological control agents (BCAs) and biostimulants are growing at over 10% a year, according to some estimates BCAs include products such as plant extracts (for control of pests and diseases), insect pheromones (used primarily for mating disruption), predatory insects, and microbial products (often the output of fermentation processes). BCAs also address biotic stresses on crops, such as pests, diseases, and weeds. Biostimulants include amino acids, seaweed-based products, and humic and fulvic acids. These products trigger the processes that enhance nutrient use, increase tolerance to abiotic stress such drought and temperature extremes, enhance availability of confined nutrients in soil, and address quality traits beyond the effects of mineral nutrients. The distinction between BCAs and biostimulants is not always clear. Specific products can exhibit the properties of both categories, as with some plant oils. For regulatory purposes, classification depends on which properties companies claim. Both markets are still relatively niche, with $2 to $3 billion in 2018 sales at the ex-manufacturer level. With hundreds of products, these markets are also complex and fragmented. In comparison, the total CP market is valued at $57 billion and the total chemical fertilizer market has a value of over $100 billion for primary nutrients. BCAs and biostimulants are not new. In the BCA category, commercial Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt)-based products have been around since the 1960s and pheromones were introduced in the 1970s. Only recently, however, has their popularity increased.
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Miceli, Alessandro, Filippo Vetrano, and Alessandra Moncada. "Influence of Ecklonia maxima Extracts on Growth, Yield, and Postharvest Quality of Hydroponic Leaf Lettuce." Horticulturae 7, no. 11 (November 1, 2021): 440. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae7110440.
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Ecklonia maxima is a brown algae seaweed largely harvested over the last years and used to produce alginate, animal feed, fertilizers, and plant biostimulants. Their extracts are commercially available in various forms and have been applied to many crops for their growth-promoting effects which may vary according to the treated species and doses applied. The aim of the study was to characterize the effect of adding an Ecklonia maxima commercial extract (Basfoliar Kelp; 0, 1, 2, and 4 mL L−1) to the nutrient solution of a hydroponic floating system on growth, yield, and quality of leaf lettuce at harvest and during cold storage (21 days at 4 °C). The supplementation of the E. maxima extract through the mineral nutrient solutions, especially between 2 and 4 mL L−1, enhanced plant growth and improved the yield and many morphological and physiological traits (biomass accumulation, leaf expansion, stomatal conductance, water use efficiency, nitrogen use efficiency, etc.). Preharvest treatments with E. maxima extract were effective in delaying leaf senescence and extending the shelf-life of fresh-cut leaf lettuce. The delay in leaf decay of treated samples allowed to retain an overall quality over the threshold of marketability for up to 21 d of cold storage, especially using 2 mL L−1 of extract.
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Traversari, Silvia, Sonia Cacini, and Beatrice Nesi. "Seaweed Extracts as Substitutes of Synthetic Hormones for Rooting Promotion in Rose Cuttings." Horticulturae 8, no. 7 (June 21, 2022): 561. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae8070561.
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In the horticultural sector, the achievement of an efficient and eco-friendly sustainable production of plants is nowadays challenging. Indeed, in plant vegetative propagation of woody ornamentals, the substitution of chemical products used to promote rooting of cuttings with natural extracts would be a desirable goal. Thus, the aim of this work was to test the replacement of synthetic phytoregulators, such as auxins and brassinosteroids, with biostimulants, such as seaweed extracts, for the rooting promotion of rose cuttings. The rooting rate and biometric parameters of control cuttings treated with distilled water were compared with those of cuttings treated with synthetic hormones, i.e., auxins or 22(S),23(S)-homobrassinolide, or two commercial products based on low temperature seaweed extracts, i.e., Kelpak® and Phylgreen. Two scented hybrid tea rose cultivars were used to assess possible genotype-dependent effects, i.e., ‘Michelangelo®’ and ‘Cosmos®’. Auxins confirmed their role in root growth enhancement in ornamental plant cuttings. Like these phytoregulators, Kelpak® improved the survival rate and root biometric parameters of both rose cuttings, highlighting its suitability for the replacement of synthetic products used for rooting promotion in rose propagation. Brassinosteroids showed a species-dependent effect, increasing the root biomass in ‘Cosmos®’ while it resulted as distilled water in ‘Michelangelo®’. Phylgreen did not improve the rooting of both rose cuttings, highlighting the necessity of evaluating the applicability and methodology for this product before its use. In conclusions, our results highlighted the possibility to replace chemical products in rose cutting production.
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Jácome-Gómez, Leonardo, and Maribel Ramírez-Villalobos. "Incidence of the shading, bioregulators and biostimulant on the growth and yield of Mombaza grass (Panicum maximum Jacq.)." Revista de la Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad del Zulia 38, no. 2 (March 13, 2021): 382–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.47280/revfacagron(luz).v38.n2.09.
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Shading (S), bioregulators (BR) and biostimulants (BS) techniques are alternatives that promote sprouting and production of grass. The objective was to evaluate the effect of S, BR and BSt on the growth and yield of Mombaza grass in Ecuador. A complete randomized block design, with split plot arrangement and three replications, was used, the main plot represented by condition S (S1: full solar exposure, S2: shade of trees) and secondary one by BR and BS application (A0: control; A1: minimum doses of BR, 250 mL.ha-1 Cytokin + 10 g.ha-1 New Gibb 10 %; A2: maximum doses of BR, 500 mL.ha-1 Cytokin + 20 g.ha-1 New Gibb 10 %; A3: commercial dose of BS Algamar, seaweed, 750 g.ha-1). Three cuts of grass were made, 35 days after staring experiment; in each one, tiller height (TH), number of tillersm-2 (NTM) and stemstiller-1 (NST), and dry matter yield (DMY) were evaluated. It is found effects (P<0.05) of S on the four variables in each cut; and application of BR and BS on TH in cuts 1, period of least precipitation. It is concluded that the grass cultivated in S1 increased the growth and DMY in cuts 1, 2 and 3 (0.180, 0.300 y 0.398 kg.m-2). NTM was stimulated with S2 and TH with the minimum dose of BR.
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Conesa, María R., Pedro J. Espinosa, Diego Pallarés, and Alejandro Pérez-Pastor. "Influence of Plant Biostimulant as Technique to Harden Citrus Nursery Plants before Transplanting to the Field." Sustainability 12, no. 15 (July 31, 2020): 6190. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12156190.
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The supply of commercial plant biostimulants (PB) for sustainable agriculture is currently very broad but also confusing, as there is little information on their use to mitigate the negative effects of water stress on plants growing in areas of water scarcity. The issue addressed in this article deals with the effects of Amalgerol®, a PB and soil conditioner mainly based on seaweed extracts (SWEs), on the water relations and the growth patterns of mandarin trees grown in pots and their response to a subsequent period of water stress compared with un-treated plants. When the SWE treatment accumulated 75 mL of product, plants exhibited an increase in vegetative growth and higher values of gas exchange rate, with 57% higher substrate microbiological activity than un-treated plants. After this, the irrigation was completely suppressed in all plants until a mean threshold value of −1.6 MPa of midday stem water potential was reached, and it was then reestablished after 7 consecutive days. The un-treated plants showed a higher level of water stress, around 0.4–0.7 MPa, compared to the treated ones, recovering at least three days after irrigation recovery. Furthermore, the presence of mycorrhized roots was 60% higher than un-treated plants, which resulted in greater resistance to water stress. The use of Amalgerol® resulted in a good complement for mineral plant fertilization in semi-arid agrosystems, where water resources are limited, allowing the hardening of citrus nursery plants, which can contribute to their more efficient field transplantation in water scarcity areas.
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Baltazar, Miguel, Sofia Correia, Kieran J. Guinan, Neerakkal Sujeeth, Radek Bragança, and Berta Gonçalves. "Recent Advances in the Molecular Effects of Biostimulants in Plants: An Overview." Biomolecules 11, no. 8 (July 25, 2021): 1096. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom11081096.
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As the world develops and population increases, so too does the demand for higher agricultural output with lower resources. Plant biostimulants appear to be one of the more prominent sustainable solutions, given their natural origin and their potential to substitute conventional methods in agriculture. Classified based on their source rather than constitution, biostimulants such as humic substances (HS), protein hydrolysates (PHs), seaweed extracts (SWE) and microorganisms have a proven potential in improving plant growth, increasing crop production and quality, as well as ameliorating stress effects. However, the multi-molecular nature and varying composition of commercially available biostimulants presents challenges when attempting to elucidate their underlying mechanisms. While most research has focused on the broad effects of biostimulants in crops, recent studies at the molecular level have started to unravel the pathways triggered by certain products at the cellular and gene level. Understanding the molecular influences involved could lead to further refinement of these treatments. This review comprises the most recent findings regarding the use of biostimulants in plants, with particular focus on reports of their molecular influence.
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Ervin, E. H., Xunzhong Zhang, J. M. Goatley, and S. D. Askew. "Trinexapac-ethyl, Propiconazole, Iron, and Biostimulant Effects on Shaded Creeping Bentgrass." HortTechnology 14, no. 4 (January 2004): 500–506. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.14.4.0500.
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Creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera) is used extensively on temperate zone golf course greens, tees, and fairways, but often performs poorly in shade. Previous research has indicated that sequential applications of gibberellic acid (GA) inhibiting plant growth regulators (PGRs) such as trinexapac-ethyl (TE) increase cool-season turfgrass performance in 70-90% shade. This research was conducted to: 1) confirm appropriate TE application rates and frequencies for maintaining `Penncross' creeping bentgrass in dense shade in the mid-Atlantic region of the U.S.; 2) determine the efficacy of other PGRs, biostimulants, and iron (Fe); and 3) assess whether the addition of a biostimulant with TE would have additive, synergistic, or negative effects. The other compounds tested against TE and the control were: propiconazole (PPC), iron sulfate, CPR (a seaweed and iron containing biostimulant), and a generic seaweed extract (SWE) (Ascophyllum nodosum) plus humic acid (HA) combination. These treatments were applied to 88% shaded bentgrass every 14 days from May or June through October in 2001 and 2002, with turf quality, leaf color, root strength, photochemical efficiency, and antioxidant enzyme superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity being determined. While the quality of control plots fell below a commercially acceptable level by the second month of the trial, repeated foliar TE application provided 33% to 44% better quality throughout the experiment. Propiconazole resulted in 13% to 17% better quality through September of each year. Trinexapac-ethyl and PPC resulted in darker leaf color and increased mid-trial root strength by 27% and 29%, respectively. Canopy photochemical efficiency and leaf SOD activity were also increased due to TE in August of both years. Treatment with Fe, CPR, or SWE+HA did not have an effect on quality, root strength, SOD, or photochemical efficiency, but periodic increases in color were observed. The addition of CPR to TE in 2002 provided results that were not different from those of TE-alone. This and previous studies indicate that restricting leaf elongation with anti-GA PGRs is of primary importance for improving shade tolerance, while treatments that increase leaf color or chlorophyll levels without restricting leaf elongation are relatively ineffective.
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Ammar, Gamal, Mohamed Ashour, and shimaa mohamed ragab hassan. "Enhancing Potato Production by Applying Commercial Seaweed Extract (TAM®) Biostimulant under Field Conditions." Journal of the Advances in Agricultural Researches 27, no. 3 (September 1, 2022): 492–504. http://dx.doi.org/10.21608/jalexu.2022.155031.1077.
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Ashour, Mohamed, Shimaa M. Hassan, Mostafa E. Elshobary, Gamal A. G. Ammar, Ahmed Gaber, Walaa F. Alsanie, Abdallah Tageldein Mansour, and Rania El-Shenody. "Impact of Commercial Seaweed Liquid Extract (TAM®) Biostimulant and Its Bioactive Molecules on Growth and Antioxidant Activities of Hot Pepper (Capsicum annuum)." Plants 10, no. 6 (May 21, 2021): 1045. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants10061045.
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Bioactive molecules derived from seaweed extracts are revolutionary bio-stimulants used to enhance plant growth and increase yield production. This study evaluated the effectiveness of a commercially available seaweed liquid extract, namely, True-Algae-Max (TAM®), as a plant growth stimulant on nutritional, and antioxidant activity of Capsicum annuum. Three concentrations of TAM® (0.25, 0.5, and 1%) of various NPK: TAM® ratios were investigated via foliar spray, over 2017 and 2018 cultivation seasons, under greenhouse conditions. TAM® is rich in phytochemical compounds, such as ascorbic acid (1.66 mg g−1), phenolics (101.67 mg g−1), and flavonoids (2.60 mg g−1) that showed good antioxidant activity (54.52 mg g−1) and DPPH inhibition of 70.33%. Promoting measured parameter results stated the extensive potentiality of TAM® application, in comparison with conventional NPK treatment. Yield and composition of C. annuum were significantly improved in all TAM® treated groups, especially the TAM0.5% concentration, which resulted in maximum yield (4.23 Kg m−2) and significant amounts of profuse biological molecules like chlorophyll, ascorbic, phenolic compounds, flavonoids, and total nutrients. Compared to the NPK control treatments, C. annuum treated with TAM0.5% improved the total antioxidant activity of hot Pepper from 162.16 to 190.95 mg g−1. These findings indicate that the extract of seaweed can be used as an environmentally friendly, multi-functional biostimulant in the agricultural field for more sustainable production, in addition to reducing the use of hazardous synthetic fertilizers.
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Bentley, Joanne, Pei-yin Liebrich, Jill M. Farrant, Margaret Mandishonha, Amelia Reddy, and M. Suhail Rafudeen. "Metabolomic analysis of the roots and shoots of tomato seedlings treated with the commercial seaweed-derived biostimulant Afrikelp." South African Journal of Botany 147 (July 2022): 646–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sajb.2022.02.040.
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Reis, Renata Perpetuo, Antônio Carlos Silva de Andrade, Ana Carolina Calheiros, Jéssica Carneiro Oliveira, and Beatriz Castelar. "Effects of extracts of two Ulva spp. seaweeds on tomato germination and seedling growth." Research, Society and Development 9, no. 11 (November 28, 2020): e61691110174. http://dx.doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v9i11.10174.
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Brown seaweed extracts are commercially used as agricultural biostimulants, and the green macroalgae Ulva spp. has shown promise for that purpose. We evaluated the ideal dosage of U. lactuca ulvan and flour on seed germination invigoration and the effects of U. flexuosa and U. lactuca extracts on tomato seedling growth (Solanun lycopersicum). The germination recovery of aged seeds after the application of U. lactuca was evaluated by seed germination rates and seedling emergence. Greenhouse cultivated seedlings were irrigated with 0.2 and 0.4 g×L-1 of the flour, or an ulvan solution of Ulva spp. Seedling growth parameters (height, stem diameter, height/stem diameter ratio, biomass, and number of leaves) were compared with the control (seedlings irrigated with distilled water). All dosages of U. lactuca ulvan and flour were found to increase the germination rates of aged seeds as compared to controls. No significant difference in seedling emergence rates were seen. After treatment with Ulva spp. extracts no significant differences in seedling growth were detected. We concluded that low doses of the U. lactuca extract will increase the germination rates of S. lycopersicum seeds and, while different dosages of the extracts of two Ulva’s species did not stimulate tomato seedling growth, they were also not lethal.
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Zhang, Xunzhong, E. H. Ervin, and R. E. Schmidt. "Physiological Effects of Liquid Applications of a Seaweed Extract and a Humic Acid on Creeping Bentgrass." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 128, no. 4 (July 2003): 492–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.128.4.0492.
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A variety of organic materials such as humic substances, seaweed extracts (SWE), organic matter, and amino acids are being used as fertilizer supplements in commercial turfgrass management. Among them, SWE and humic acid (HA) are widely used in various biostimulant product formulations. These compounds have been reported to contain phytohormones and osmoprotectants such as cytokinins, auxins, polyamines, and betaines. Manufacturer claims are that these products may supplement standard fertility programs by reducing mineral nutrient requirements while improving stress tolerance. There is a lack of season-long, field-based evidence to support these claims. This study was conducted to investigate the influence of monthly field applications of SWE, HA, and high and low seasonal fertilization regimes on the physiological health of fairway-height creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera L.). Plots were treated monthly with SWE at 16 mg·m-2 and HA (70% a.i.) at 38 mg·m-2 alone, or in combination, and were grown under low (20 kg·ha-1/month) or high nitrogen (50 kg·ha-1/month) fertilization regimes during 1996 and 1997. Endogenous antioxidant superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, photochemical activity (PA), and turf quality were measured in July of each year. Superoxide dismutase activity was increased by 46% to 181%, accompanied by a PA increase of 9% to 18%, and improved visual quality of bentgrass in both years. There was no significant fertilization × supplement interaction. Although not part of our original objectives, it was noted that significantly less dollar spot (Sclerotinia homoeocarpa F.T. Bennett) disease incidence occurred in supplement-treated bentgrass. Our results indicate that increased SOD activity in July due to SWE and/or HA applications improved overall physiological health, irrespective of fertilization regime. This suggests that these compounds may be beneficial supplements for reducing standard fertilizer and fungicide inputs, while maintaining adequate creeping bentgrass health.
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Umanzor, Schery, Sol Han, Hye-In Song, Ji-Sook Park, Alan T. Critchley, Charles Yarish, and Jang K. Kim. "Ascertaining the interactions of brown seaweed-derived biostimulants and seawater temperature on spore release, germination, conchocelis, and newly formed blades of the commercially important red alga Neopyropia yezoensis?" Algal Research 64 (May 2022): 102692. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.algal.2022.102692.
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Valverde, Silvia, Paul Luis Williams, Begoña Mayans, Juan J. Lucena, and Lourdes Hernández-Apaolaza. "Comparative study of the chemical composition and antifungal activity of commercial brown seaweed extracts." Frontiers in Plant Science 13 (December 13, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2022.1017925.
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IntroductionA sustainable agriculture and the great increase in consumers of organic products in the last years make the use of natural products one of the main challenges of modern agriculture. This is the reason that the use of products based on seaweed extracts has increased exponentially, specifically brown seaweeds, including Ascophyllum nodosum and Ecklonia maxima.MethodsIn this study, the chemical composition of 20 commercial seaweed extract products used as biostimulants and their antifungal activity against two common postharvest pathogens (Botrytis cinerea and Penicillium digitatum) from fruits were evaluated. Data were processed using chemometric techniques based on linear and non-linear models.Results and discussionThe results showed that the algae species and the percentage of seaweed had a significant effect on the final composition of the products. In addition, great disparity was observed between formulations with similar labeling and antifungal effect of most of the analyzed products against some of the tested pathogens. These findings indicate the need for further research.
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Ali, Omar, Adesh Ramsubhag, Stephen Daniram Benn Jr. Ramnarine, and Jayaraj Jayaraman. "Transcriptomic changes induced by applications of a commercial extract of Ascophyllum nodosum on tomato plants." Scientific Reports 12, no. 1 (May 16, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-11263-z.
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AbstractExtracts of Ascophyllum nodosum are commonly used as commercial biostimulants in crop production. To further understand the seaweed extract-induced phenomena in plants, a transcriptomic study was conducted. RNA-seq differential gene expression analysis of tomato plants treated with a commercial A. nodosum extract formulation (Stimplex) revealed the up-regulation of 635 and down-regulation of 456 genes. Ontology enrichment analysis showed three gene categories were augmented, including biological processes, cellular components, and molecular functions. KEGG pathway analysis revealed that the extract had a strong influence on the expression of genes involved in carbon fixation, secondary metabolism, MAPK-signalling, plant hormone signal transduction, glutathione metabolism, phenylpropanoid and stilbenoid metabolism, and plant-pathogen interactions. qRT-PCR validation analysis using 15 genes established a strong correlation with the RNA sequencing results. The activities of defence enzymes were also significantly enhanced by seaweed extract treatment. Furthermore, AN-SWE treated tomato plants had significantly higher chlorophyll and growth hormone content and showed improved plant growth parameters and nutrient profiles than the control. It is postulated that seaweed extract-induced gene regulation was responsible for favourable plant responses that enabled better growth and tolerance to stress conditions. This study provides evidence at the transcriptomic level for the positive effects of foliar application of the Ascophyllum nodosum extract (Stimplex) observed in treated tomato plants.
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Herrera Barragán, José Alberto, Giuseppe Olivieri, Iulian Boboescu, Michel Eppink, Rene Wijffels, and Antoinette Kazbar. "Enzyme assisted extraction for seaweed multiproduct biorefinery: A techno-economic analysis." Frontiers in Marine Science 9 (September 2, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2022.948086.
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The biorefinery concept facilitates the extraction of different constituents from seaweed, ensuring full usage of resources and generating few residues through a succession of steps. Innovative and environmentally-friendly extraction techniques, dubbed “green processing technologies,” have been developed in recent years. Using the bioprocess simulation software SuperPro Designer®, a model was developed and used to demonstrate the feasibility of two different multi-product biorefinery scenarios applying green technologies to one of the most promising species in Europe, the brown alga Saccharina latissima (sugar kelp). Analyzing the current state of the art and commercial applications, enzyme-assisted extraction was chosen as an emerging sustainable technology to simulate the production of alginate and the functional saccharides laminarin and fucoidan. These simulations were compared to an additional simulation of alginate production using the low-yield alkaline extraction technique currently used in the industry, which has been proven not feasible for the expected prices of cultivated seaweed in Europe. Complete biomass valorization is achieved by the sub-processing of the by-streams into complementary products such as biostimulants and animal feed. The valorization of up to 1.07 € per kilogram of fresh weight biomass was achieved using enzyme-assisted extraction and prioritizing laminarin and fucoidan as main products. Extraction yields and raw biomass alginate composition have the largest sensitivity effects on the profitability of biorefineries. This provides further insight into the crucial research opportunities on downstream processing and seaweed cultivation targets.
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Hosseini, Saeed, Leila Shabani, Mohammad R. Sabzalian, and Shima Gharibi. "Foliar spray of commercial seaweed and amino acid-derived biostimulants promoted phytoremediation potential and salinity stress tolerance in halophytic grass, Puccinellia distans." International Journal of Phytoremediation, August 1, 2022, 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15226514.2022.2088688.
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Alkaabi, Ameera K., Gaber A. Ramadan, Afraa M. Taj Elddin, Khaled A. El-Tarabily, and Synan F. AbuQamar. "The Multifarious Endophytic Actinobacterial Isolate, Streptomyces tubercidicus UAE1, Combined With the Seaweed Biostimulant Further Promotes Growth of Avicennia marina." Frontiers in Marine Science 9 (July 25, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2022.896461.
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Mangrove (Avicennia marina) is a “green lung” tree growing along the Arabian Gulf coastline in the United Arab Emirates. Here, we aimed to determine the impact of the application of a commercial seaweed extract (SWE) biostimulant and endophytic actinobacterial isolates on growth performance and endogenous hormonal levels of mangroves. Therefore, we isolated endophytic plant growth-promoting (PGP) actinobacteria (PGPA) from mangrove roots and evaluated their potential as biological inoculants on mangrove seedlings under greenhouse and open-field nursery conditions. Seven salt-tolerant isolates had the ability to produce different levels of in vitro plant growth regulators (PGRs) and 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) deaminase (ACCD) and to solubilize phosphorus. Accordingly, only one isolate, Streptomyces tubercidicus UAE1 (St), was selected based on its relative superiority in displaying multiple modes of action and in successfully colonizing mangrove tissues for 15 weeks. In the greenhouse experiments, plants treated with St and SWE significantly (p < 0.05) improved dry biomass by 40.2% and 55.1% in roots and 42.2% and 55.4% in shoots, respectively, compared to seawater-irrigated non-treated mangrove plants (control). However, St+SWE caused a greater significant (p < 0.05) increase in dry weight of roots (67.6%) and shoots (65.7%) than did control plants. Following the combined treatment of St+SWE, in planta PGR levels were found to be greatly enhanced over the non-treated control plants grown in non-SWE supplemented sediments, or plants inoculated with only St without the supplementation with SWE, or with non-inoculated plants grown in sediments supplied with SWE only. This was evident from the significant (p < 0.05) increases in the photosynthetic pigments and production of PGRs, as well as the reduction in the endogenous ACC levels of plant tissues compared to those in other treatments. Tissue nutrient contents of seedlings also increased by at least two-fold in St+SWE treatment as compared to control. Similar effects were observed on all growth parameters under natural open-field nursery conditions. Combining St with SWE not only stimulates plant growth but also potentially has additive effects on mangrove ecosystem productivity in nutrient-impoverished soils in the Arabian coastal areas. This report is the first in the field of marine agriculture that uses SWE as a nutrient base for actinobacteria capable of producing PGRs and ACCD.