Academic literature on the topic 'Commercial Structures'
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Journal articles on the topic "Commercial Structures"
Kaduk, James A., Zachary R. Butler, Partha P. Das, Amy M. Gindhart, and Thomas N. Blanton. "Crystal structures of commercial pharmaceuticals." Acta Crystallographica Section A Foundations and Advances 75, a1 (July 20, 2019): a20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0108767319099793.
Full textSohn, Dongyoung, and Joonhyung Jee. "Network structures of commercial portal sites." International Journal of Advertising 24, no. 4 (January 2005): 427–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02650487.2005.11072937.
Full textKaduk, Jim A., Austin M. Wheatley, Amy M. Gindhart, and Thomas N. Blanton. "Crystal structures of large-volume commercial pharmaceuticals." Acta Crystallographica Section A Foundations and Advances 74, a1 (July 20, 2018): a19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0108767318099804.
Full textAgarwal, Anna, and John Parsons. "Commercial Structures for Integrated CCS-EOR Projects." Energy Procedia 4 (2011): 5786–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2011.02.575.
Full textKaduk, James, Ryan Hodge, Nicholas Boaz, Shivang Bhaskar, Diana Gonzalez, Joseph Golab, Amy Gindhart, and Thomas Blanton. "Crystal structures of large-volume commercial pharmaceuticals." Acta Crystallographica Section A Foundations and Advances 76, a1 (August 2, 2020): a1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0108767320099985.
Full textColaço, Rui, and João de Abreu e Silva. "Commercial Classification and Location Modelling: Integrating Different Perspectives on Commercial Location and Structure." Land 10, no. 6 (May 28, 2021): 567. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land10060567.
Full textFu, Qiang, Michael LaCour-Little, and Kerry Vandell. "Commercial Mortgage Prepayments Under Heterogeneous Prepayment Penalty Structures." Journal of Real Estate Research 25, no. 3 (January 1, 2003): 245–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10835547.2003.12091113.
Full textHahn-Pedersen, Morten. "Changing Structures: Developments in Danish Commercial Ports since 1960." International Journal of Maritime History 8, no. 1 (June 1996): 59–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/084387149600800106.
Full textJensen, Wayne, Bruce Fischer, and Tim Wentz. "Post-Design LEED Certification for Commercial and Residential Structures." International Journal of Construction Education and Research 3, no. 2 (August 2007): 109–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15578770701429464.
Full textCrosby, Neil, Virginia Gibson, and Sandi Murdoch. "UK Commercial Property Lease Structures: Landlord and Tenant Mismatch." Urban Studies 40, no. 8 (July 2003): 1487–516. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0042098032000094405.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Commercial Structures"
Liaw, Marianne Su-Ling. "Shear-induced structures in a commercial surfactant-based system." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.615697.
Full textTheron, Lee. "The use of corporate structures and tax avoidance." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/16729.
Full textSouth Africa has seen many developments in both the areas of corporate law and tax legislation. The legislation in question has developed from an apartheid or pre-democratic era to that of the current democratic South Africa, in which individuals have the freedom to become entrepreneurs, and have the opportunity to start up small to medium and larger enterprises, in order to firstly make a profit but also to ensure that they enjoy the benefits which the separate legal personality of Corporate Structures are entitled to. The focus of the research was to carefully study Corporate Structures created by directors and other entities and to show how these personalities make use of various arrangements to reduce tax liability, both by lawful and unlawful methods. In addition to this, the research involved a close analysis a of how a Corporate Structure is formed, from the date of incorporation of the entity, to the rights, and duties of the entity, the rights and duties of the role-players such as directors and shareholders, who control the entity and make the necessary decisions relating to the entity. The thesis focuses on the tests used by the courts to examine the true commercial substance of Corporate Structures and the arrangements put in place by these entities or individuals mentioned above. The above approach was applied by analysing the principle of Piercing the Corporate Veil both at common law and statutory level, the principles of Substance over Form, General Anti-Avoidance provisions and the Tax Administration Act 28 of 2011 provisions, in light of the Anti-Avoidance provisions. It is trite law that taxpayers are allowed to arrange their affairs or commercial activities in a manner in which they may gain a tax advantage provided they do so, within the ambit of the law. The effect of the taxpayer having such freedoms is that many of the contracting parties or taxpayers abuse the legislative provisions and enter into transactions and commercial activities which circumvent the legal provisions. The framework of the analysis was to look at the Companies Act 71 of 2008, Income Tax 58 of 1962 and the Tax Administration Act 28 of 2011 Acts respectively. The result of the research has shown that the tests put forward by the courts assist in ensuring that the principle of separate legal personality is upheld, taxpayers such as entities are free to arrange their affairs in a manner that allows a certain tax advantage provided it is within the ambit of the law. The study has shown that the doctrine of separate legal personality is upheld within our current legal system. There are many tax and legal benefits to natural persons establishing an entity; however these benefits should not lead to abuse by entities. Lastly, the courts will carefully scrutinise the commercial substance of a transaction and test whether the parties to the transaction have acted in accordance with the true principles of the transactions, the conclusion herein is therefore that the law should not interpret the modern commercial world with a closed minded approach and legislate strictly, without considering all the circumstances of a matter in light of the necessary law and policy considerations and in so doing, rather adopt a modern commercial minded approach. As a growing South African economy, entities should be permitted to arrange their commercial transactions and affairs in the best possible way to obtain a legal tax benefit and make profits which will ultimately ensure that we have a sustainable economy and strong Corporate Structures in place, in order to be placed in a stronger position in terms of an African perspective and compete more competitively at an International level.
Kershoff, Marko Daniel. "The triangular merger structures: the use of the forward and reverse triangular merger structures to circumvent the voting and appraisal rights of minority shareholders and potential shareholder remedies." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/12900.
Full textThe triangular merger structures provide an innovative and effective method for avoiding the voting and concomitant appraisal rights of a holding company’s shareholders. This is because, by incorporating and making use of a wholly owned subsidiary company to effect the proposed transaction, the holding company is deemed not to be a party to the amalgamation or merger agreement; even though the transaction is instigated and financed by it. Importantly, and as a result of the fact that the holding company is able to distance itself from the transaction, its shareholders are deprived of their voting and appraisal rights, thereby allowing said company to effectively avoid the usual cash drain resulting from the exercise of shareholder appraisal rights. It is argued that companies must not be allowed to make use of and exploit the separate legal personality of a shell subsidiary company solely to circumvent the rights of their shareholders. Failing specific legislative intervention to curtail this potential abuse, shareholders of the holding company ought to be able to successfully challenge the implementation of a triangular merger by (i) applying to court in terms of s 20(9) of the Act (the theory behind this being that the triangular merger structures propose the use of a separate legal entity as a device or stratagem to defeat their rights); and/or (ii) filing a complaint with the relevant statutory body citing the provisions of s 115(4) of the Act. In either case, and as an alternative submission, shareholders can also argue that such conduct falls within the parameters of the statutory oppression remedy.
Phillips, Trent J. "Modeling Progressive Collapse of Steel Composite Structures Using Commercial Software." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1624917997417947.
Full textBartolucci, Stefano 1976. "Commercial application of aluminum honeycomb and foam in load bearing tubular structures." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/28868.
Full textIncludes bibliographical references.
Small dimension engineering tubular structures subjected to a complex load system are designed like hollow circular shells. For minimum weight design, the ratio between the shell radius and the thickness has to be as large as possible, but its maximum value is limited by the onset of local buckling. Tubular natural structures subjected to a complex load system have often an outer shell of solid material supported by a low density, compliant core, which makes them more resistant to local buckling. Biomimicking of natural constructions offer the potential to improve the design of small diameter tubular engineering structures. Here, the fabrication technology of biomimicked engineering tubular structures integrating aluminum foam or honeycomb as core material is discussed. A viability analysis is presented including technical performance, cost, utility, and risk assessments. Aluminum compliant core shells have potential for substituting CFRP and aluminum tubular structures in aerospace and high-level sport applications. The case of sailboat masts was considered in detail. Results of our analysis proved that use of honeycomb as core material can lead to a significant reduction of the mast weight. Business opportunities based on this application are discussed.
by Stefano Bartolucci.
M.Eng.
Ibrahim, Fathima Shaida. "Fabrication and characterization of sub-micron and nanoscale structures in commercial polymers." Diss., Kansas State University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/7019.
Full textDepartment of Chemistry
Takashi Ito
This dissertation describes the fabrication and characterization of nanoscale structures in commercially available polymers via multiphoton ablation and bottom-up self assembly techniques. High-resolution surface imaging techniques, such as atomic force microscopy (AFM) and chemical force microscopy (CFM) were used to characterize the physical features and chemical properties, respectively, of these nanoscale structures. Fabrication using both top-down and bottom-up methods affords flexibility in that top-down allows random, user-defined patterning whereas bottom-up self assembly produces truly nanoscale (1-100nm) uniform features. Multiphoton induced laser ablation, a top-down method, was used to produce random sub-micron scale features in films of poly(methylmethacrylate) (PMMA), polystyrene (PS), poly(butylmethacrylate) (PBMA) and poly[2-(3-thienyl)ethyloxy-4-butylsulfonate] (PTEBS). Features with 120-nm lateral resolution were obtained in a PMMA film which was concluded to be the best polymer for use with this method. It was also found that etching resolution was highest for polymers having high glass transition temperatures, low molecular weights and no visible absorption. Bottom-up self assembly of polystyrene-poly (methylmethacrylate) (PS-b-PMMA) diblock copolymer and UV/acetic acid treatment produced nanoscale cylindrical domains supported by a substrate. AFM imaging at the free surface showed metastable vertical PMMA domain orientation on gold substrates. In contrast, horizontal orientation was obtained on oxide-coated silicon regardless of surface roughness and annealing conditions. The horizontal domain orientation on silicon substrates was ideal to probe simultaneously the difference in surface charge and hydrophilicity of the two distinct nanoscale domains of UV/AcOH treated PS-b-PMMA films. CFM on UV/acetic acid etched PS-b-PMMA revealed the presence of –COO- groups which were found to be more abundant inside the etched trenches than on the unetched PS matrix as shown by ferritin adsorption onto etched PS-b-PMMA. Lastly, the PS-b-PMMA was cast as a free-standing monolith at the end of a quartz micropipette. AFM revealed circular PMMA dots at the free surface, indicating alignment parallel to the long axis of capillary. Ion conductance within nanochannels indicated surface –charge governed ion transport at low KCl concentrations and flux of negatively-charged sulphorhodamine dye demonstrated the permselective nature of nanochannels.
Grott, Steven, David Lecko, Ryan Parker, and Nathan Price. "Telemetry System for Remote Monitoring of Utility Usage in Commercial and Residential Structures." International Foundation for Telemetering, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/581677.
Full textThe system described in this paper can monitor utility usage in commercial and residential structures, and send an alert message over conventional cell phone networks when it detects an anomalous condition. Such a condition could indicate a utility outage, structure failure, HVAC system failure, water leak, etc. The microcontroller-based system can measure electrical current, carbon monoxide, methane, liquid propane, temperature, barometric pressure, and altitude using a wired and wireless sensor network. The microcontroller displays the measurements on local and external graphical user interface, and sends SMS alert messages when necessary. The system may be retrofitted into existing structures.
Hsu, Sophia Lisbeth. "Life cycle assessment of materials and construction in commercial structures : variability and limitations." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/60767.
Full textCataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 48-50).
Life cycle assessment has become an important tool for determining the environmental impact of materials and products. It is also useful in analyzing the impact a structure has over the course of its life cycle. The International Organization of Standardization's 14040 series specifies how to perform a formal life cycle assessment in which the materials, construction, use, and demolition of a building are quantified into embodied energy and carbon dioxide equivalents, along with representation of resource consumption and released emissions. These results are useful to architects, structural engineers, contractors, and owners interested in predicting environmental impacts throughout a structure's life. Although many life cycle assessments have already been performed on various types of structures, most have occurred outside the United States. The life cycles of American buildings must be better understood before their environmental impact can be reduced. Regional variations also must be taken into account. Most existing studies have a variety of focuses, which makes them difficult to compare to one another, and they do not examine a wide enough range of buildings. This thesis quantifies the variability of building life cycle assessments by examining existing studies' differences and comparing them to a new study conducted using GaBi software. The new model assesses the carbon dioxide equivalents of one ton of structural steel, in three different forms, and one ton of reinforced concrete, in three different mixes. Impact assessment is performed using two widely accepted methods. The results from this thesis can be used to standardize and improve the study of typical commercial structures across different regions of the United States.
by Sophia Lisbeth Hsu.
M.Eng.
Mejtoft, Thomas. "Institutional arrangements and competitive posture : effects of company structures in the commercial printing industry." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Medieteknik och grafisk produktion, Media, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-9392.
Full textQC 20100827
Kedia, Sunny. "Optical Communication Using Hybrid Micro Electro Mechanical Structures (MEMS) and Commercial Corner Cube Retroreflector (CCR)." Scholar Commons, 2015. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/5969.
Full textBooks on the topic "Commercial Structures"
Guy, Tidbury, ed. The analysis of commercial vehicle structures. Koln: Verlag TUV Rheinland, 1989.
Find full textCrosby, Neil. Changing lease structures in commercial property markets. London: Royal Institution of Chartered Surveyors, 1998.
Find full textSingh, Surinder. Cost estimation of structures in commercial buildings. Basingstoke: Macmillan, 1994.
Find full textSingh, Surinder. Cost Estimation of Structures in Commercial Buildings. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-13030-6.
Full text1943-, Epstein David G., ed. Business structures in a nutshell. St. Paul, MN: Thomson/West, 2003.
Find full textBegović, B. Competition policy in FR Yugoslavia: Existing market structures and competition institutions. Belgrade: Center for Liberal-Democratic Studies, 2002.
Find full textBegović, B. Competition policy in FR Yugoslavia: Existing market structures and competition institutions. Belgrade: Center for Liberal-Democratic Studies, 2002.
Find full textOrtoli, Catherine d'. Un siècle d'architecture commerciale à Marseille. [Aix-en-Provence]: Edisud, 1990.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Commercial Structures"
Rulli, Ricardo Pinheiro, Camila Gianini Gonsalez Bueno, Fernando Dotta, and Paulo Anchieta da Silva. "Damage Detection Systems for Commercial Aviation." In Dynamics of Smart Systems and Structures, 329–42. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-29982-2_14.
Full textSingh, Surinder. "Introduction." In Cost Estimation of Structures in Commercial Buildings, 1–3. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-13030-6_1.
Full textSingh, Surinder. "Additional Data for Preliminary Cost Estimation." In Cost Estimation of Structures in Commercial Buildings, 177–80. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-13030-6_10.
Full textSingh, Surinder. "Review of Previous Work." In Cost Estimation of Structures in Commercial Buildings, 4–10. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-13030-6_2.
Full textSingh, Surinder. "Reinforced Concrete Beam and Slab System." In Cost Estimation of Structures in Commercial Buildings, 11–62. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-13030-6_3.
Full textSingh, Surinder. "Flat Slab and Waffle Slab Systems." In Cost Estimation of Structures in Commercial Buildings, 63–108. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-13030-6_4.
Full textSingh, Surinder. "Prestressed Concrete Beam and Reinforced Concrete Slab System." In Cost Estimation of Structures in Commercial Buildings, 109–36. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-13030-6_5.
Full textSingh, Surinder. "Applications." In Cost Estimation of Structures in Commercial Buildings, 137–47. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-13030-6_6.
Full textSingh, Surinder. "Quantities/Cost — Observations, Trends and Variations." In Cost Estimation of Structures in Commercial Buildings, 148–65. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-13030-6_7.
Full textSingh, Surinder. "Computer-Based Cost Model for Reinforced Concrete Beam and Slab System." In Cost Estimation of Structures in Commercial Buildings, 166–73. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-13030-6_8.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Commercial Structures"
COGGESHALL, R. "Composite material service experience on Boeing commercial airplanes." In 27th Structures, Structural Dynamics and Materials Conference. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.1986-947.
Full textLalli, Jennifer H., Richard O. Claus, Andrea B. Hill, Jeffrey B. Mecham, Bradley A. Davis, Sumitra Subramanayan, and Richard M. Goff. "Commercial applications of Metal Rubber." In Smart Structures and Materials, edited by Edward V. White. SPIE, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.606788.
Full textMabson, G., B. Flynn, L. Ilcewicz, and D. Graesser. "The use of COSTADE in developing composite commercial aircraft fuselage structures." In 35th Structures, Structural Dynamics, and Materials Conference. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.1994-1492.
Full textBonwit, N., J. Heim, M. Rosenthal, C. Duncheon, and A. Beavers. "Design of commercial applications of EPAM technology." In Smart Structures and Materials, edited by Yoseph Bar-Cohen. SPIE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.658775.
Full textSmith, Alexander E., and Linda F. Evans. "Design of ER fluids for commercial applications." In Smart Structures and Materials, edited by Yoseph Bar-Cohen. SPIE, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.484713.
Full textHARRIS, CHARLES, and JOSEPH HEYMAN. "An overview of NASA research related to the aging commercial transport fleet." In 32nd Structures, Structural Dynamics, and Materials Conference. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.1991-952.
Full textSawicki, A., P. Grant, and G. Mabson. "Mechanical assembly of commercial transport fuselage utilizing tow-placed and textile composites." In 35th Structures, Structural Dynamics, and Materials Conference. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.1994-1429.
Full textMarshall, Terence, Mitchell Fletcher, and Joseph Zuckerbrow. "A commercial ready, high reliable and high producible RWA design." In 41st Structures, Structural Dynamics, and Materials Conference and Exhibit. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2000-1410.
Full textPeoples, Ryan, and Karen Willcox. "Value-Based Multidisciplinary Optimization for Commercial Aircraft Design." In 45th AIAA/ASME/ASCE/AHS/ASC Structures, Structural Dynamics & Materials Conference. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2004-1542.
Full textMartínez-Castro, Rosana, and Shinae Jang. "Crack Sensor Using Commercial UHF RFID Technology for Metallic Structures." In Structures Congress 2019. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784482230.008.
Full textReports on the topic "Commercial Structures"
Tabbert, Cory, John Vest, Aron Rhoads, Dillen Myers, Timothy Lauth, Edward Brauer, James Wallace, David Gordon, and Marin Kress. AIS data case study : St. Louis area commercial vessel fleeting activity and potential river training structures. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), April 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/36334.
Full textKatz, Sabrina, Miguel Algarin, and Emanuel Hernandez. Structuring for Exit: New Approaches for Private Capital in Latin America. Inter-American Development Bank, March 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003074.
Full textMiller, Donald L. Dominion: System Structure, Applications, and Commercial Viability. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, July 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada369916.
Full textForsberg, C. W., L. J. Hill, W. J. Reich, and W. J. Rowan. The changing structure of the international commercial nuclear power reactor industry. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10141072.
Full textForsberg, C. W., L. J. Hill, W. J. Reich, and W. J. Rowan. The changing structure of the international commercial nuclear power reactor industry. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6588599.
Full textPradeep Rohatgi. Mechanical Properties - Structure Correlation for Commercial Specification of Cast Particulate Metal Matrix Composites. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/808536.
Full textArnold, Zachary, Joanne Boisson, Lorenzo Bongiovanni, Daniel Chou, Carrie Peelman, and Ilya Rahkovsky. Using Machine Learning to Fill Gaps in Chinese AI Market Data. Center for Security and Emerging Technology, February 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.51593/20200064.
Full textOng, S., P. Denholm, and E. Doris. Impacts of Commercial Electric Utility Rate Structure Elements on the Economics of Photovoltaic Systems. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/983405.
Full textBarbee, T. W., and D. Schena. Manufacturing Steps for Commercial Production of Nano-Structure Capacitors Final Report CRADA No. TC02159.0. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1389957.
Full textWebb, Philip. Unsettled Issues on the Viability and Cost-Effectiveness of Automation in Aerospace Manufacturing. SAE International, February 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/epr2021005.
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