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Journal articles on the topic 'Commercial Structures'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 15 February 2022

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1

Kaduk, James A., Zachary R. Butler, Partha P. Das, Amy M. Gindhart, and Thomas N. Blanton. "Crystal structures of commercial pharmaceuticals." Acta Crystallographica Section A Foundations and Advances 75, a1 (July 20, 2019): a20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0108767319099793.

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2

Sohn, Dongyoung, and Joonhyung Jee. "Network structures of commercial portal sites." International Journal of Advertising 24, no. 4 (January 2005): 427–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02650487.2005.11072937.

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3

Kaduk, Jim A., Austin M. Wheatley, Amy M. Gindhart, and Thomas N. Blanton. "Crystal structures of large-volume commercial pharmaceuticals." Acta Crystallographica Section A Foundations and Advances 74, a1 (July 20, 2018): a19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0108767318099804.

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4

Agarwal, Anna, and John Parsons. "Commercial Structures for Integrated CCS-EOR Projects." Energy Procedia 4 (2011): 5786–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2011.02.575.

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5

Kaduk, James, Ryan Hodge, Nicholas Boaz, Shivang Bhaskar, Diana Gonzalez, Joseph Golab, Amy Gindhart, and Thomas Blanton. "Crystal structures of large-volume commercial pharmaceuticals." Acta Crystallographica Section A Foundations and Advances 76, a1 (August 2, 2020): a1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0108767320099985.

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6

Colaço, Rui, and João de Abreu e Silva. "Commercial Classification and Location Modelling: Integrating Different Perspectives on Commercial Location and Structure." Land 10, no. 6 (May 28, 2021): 567. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land10060567.

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Commercial classification is essential to describe and compare the spatial patterns of commercial activity. Most classification systems consider a large set of dimensions that include detailed features such as store ownership or development type. Since new business models are continually being developed, the need to revise classification systems is constant. This makes generalisation hard, thus hindering the comparison of commercial structures in different places and periods. Recent studies have focused on cluster analysis and a smaller number of variables to gain insights into commercial structures, directly addressing this issue. Systematic bottom-up classification generates comparable structures, which is essential to contrast policy results in different situations. Furthermore, since form or accessibility are usually considered in classifications, cluster membership is precluded from most retail location models, often relying on the latter as an explanatory variable. Hence, a new classification system is proposed, based on cluster analysis (k-means) and a minimal set of variables: density, diversity, and clustering. This classification was implemented in 1995, 2002, and 2010 in Lisbon. Cross-sectional analysis of the commercial structures shows the system accurately describes commercial location and change, suggesting it can be generalised as a classification system. Since the minimal dataset also allows for cluster membership to be used on location models, the relationship between commercial classification and location modelling could be strengthened, reinforcing the role of commercial studies in urban planning and policymaking.

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Fu, Qiang, Michael LaCour-Little, and Kerry Vandell. "Commercial Mortgage Prepayments Under Heterogeneous Prepayment Penalty Structures." Journal of Real Estate Research 25, no. 3 (January 1, 2003): 245–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10835547.2003.12091113.

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8

Hahn-Pedersen, Morten. "Changing Structures: Developments in Danish Commercial Ports since 1960." International Journal of Maritime History 8, no. 1 (June 1996): 59–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/084387149600800106.

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9

Jensen, Wayne, Bruce Fischer, and Tim Wentz. "Post-Design LEED Certification for Commercial and Residential Structures." International Journal of Construction Education and Research 3, no. 2 (August 2007): 109–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15578770701429464.

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10

Crosby, Neil, Virginia Gibson, and Sandi Murdoch. "UK Commercial Property Lease Structures: Landlord and Tenant Mismatch." Urban Studies 40, no. 8 (July 2003): 1487–516. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0042098032000094405.

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11

Chang, Y. J., A. J. Shume, and M. N. Bassim. "A note on dislocation-cell structures in commercial copper." Materials Science and Engineering: A 103, no. 2 (September 1988): L1—L4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0025-5416(88)90521-6.

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12

Seo, Hyun-Seong, Min-Jun Kim, Chang-Mu Jung, and Hyunjung Kim. "Impacts of Commercialization of Autonomous Vehicles on Commercial Spatial Structures." Journal of Korea Real Estate Analysists Association 26, no. 4 (December 31, 2020): 93–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.19172/kreaa.26.4.5.

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13

Devin, Vladlen, Vasil Tkachuk, and Vasil Burdega. "USAGE OF NON- COMMERCIAL EDUCATIONAL SOFTWARE TO CALCULATE FRAME STRUCTURES." OPEN EDUCATIONAL E-ENVIRONMENT OF MODERN UNIVERSITY, no. 8 (2020): 8–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.28925/2414-0325.2020.8.2.

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Students of engineering universities and colleges studying the disciplines “Structural Mechanics”, “Strength of Materials”, “Mechanics of Materials and Structures” in practical classes and during independent work rely on the strength of various kinds of bar structures. As the experience of teaching these disciplines shows, students have particular difficulties in calculating precisely statically indeterminable trussed systems. This is due to the fact that, in order to reveal static indeterminacy, in addition to the equilibrium equations of statics, it is necessary to surrender additional strain compatibility equations. The article considers the problem of improving the quality of teaching technical and construction engineer students using information technology. Several non-commercial educational software solutions for the calculation of frame structures were reviewed and analyzed. There is a recommended methodology for using this software within the educational process by teachers and students of technical universities and colleges for calculating statically indeterminable trussed systems. The research problem is to identify opportunities for intensifying the learning process for engineers of technical and construction specialties through the usage of non-commercial educational software. The article provides reasons to use suggested programs while teaching such disciplines as “Structural Mechanics”, “Strength of Materials”, “Mechanics of Materials and Structures” by students of engineering universities and colleges. The software is used to support and supplement theoretical lectures, during practical seminars; it acts as an additional educational tool to strengthen knowledge gained by students. It is proved that software and computer training technologies have great educational and development potential, provide maximum activity of participants during educational process and optimize training time and its effectiveness.

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Lin, F. X., A. Godfrey, D. Juul Jensen, and G. Winther. "3D EBSD characterization of deformation structures in commercial purity aluminum." Materials Characterization 61, no. 11 (November 2010): 1203–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matchar.2010.07.013.

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15

Titman, Sheridan, and Sergey Tsyplakov. "Originator Performance, CMBS Structures, and the Risk of Commercial Mortgages." Review of Financial Studies 23, no. 9 (August 19, 2010): 3558–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/rfs/hhq055.

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16

Revilla-Castellanos, Valeria J., Abraham Guerrero, Bruno Gomez-Gil, Erick Navarro-Barrón, and Marcial L. Lizárraga-Partida. "PathogenicVibrio parahaemolyticusisolated from biofouling on commercial vessels and harbor structures." Biofouling 31, no. 3 (March 16, 2015): 275–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08927014.2015.1038526.

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17

Barrett, Ronald M., and Cassandra M. Barrett. "Biomimetic FAA-certifiable, artificial muscle structures for commercial aircraft wings." Smart Materials and Structures 23, no. 7 (June 17, 2014): 074011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0964-1726/23/7/074011.

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18

Wattar, Samir. "Structures et caractéristiques des équipements commerciaux dans le centre de Damas (Structures and characteristics of commercial equipments in the center of Damascus)." Bulletin de l'Association de géographes français 70, no. 3 (1993): 274–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/bagf.1993.1695.

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19

Allsop, William, Tom Bruce, and Adrian Pearson. "ORPHAN BREAKWATERS: COLLAPSE AND TRANSMISSION REDUCTION." Coastal Engineering Proceedings, no. 36 (December 30, 2018): 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.9753/icce.v36.structures.53.

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In the past, many coastal towns or villages constructed harbours for trade and/or fishing. These were protected by breakwaters, commonly rubble mounds to low-water, surmounted by vertical walls of dressed stone blocks (later concrete) with rubble core. Now, 100-150 years later, many such harbours have little or no income to maintain or repair their breakwaters, but meantime, the areas protected have been adopted for commercial and residential purposes, at increased risk of flooding if the 'orphan' breakwater were to collapse, Hampshire et al. (2013). Even after collapse, some wave reduction will however still be afforded by the relict structure. Tests by Allsop et al (2017) have modelled the collapse of several simplified breakwaters, and measured levels of wave transmission over the collapsed structures. This paper extends that work with more analysis of collapsed crest levels, and hence of likely wave transmission.

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20

Díaz-Montes, Elsa. "Dextran: Sources, Structures, and Properties." Polysaccharides 2, no. 3 (July 1, 2021): 554–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polysaccharides2030033.

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Dextran is an exopolysaccharide (EPS) synthesized by lactic acid bacteria (LAB) or their enzymes in the presence of sucrose. Dextran is composed of a linear chain of d-glucoses linked by α-(1→6) bonds, with possible branches of d-glucoses linked by α-(1→4), α-(1→3), or α-(1→2) bonds, which can be low (<40 kDa) or high molecular weight (>40 kDa). The characteristics of dextran in terms of molecular weight and branches depend on the producing strain, so there is a great variety in its properties. Dextran has commercial interest because its solubility, viscosity, and thermal and rheological properties allow it to be used in food, pharmaceutical, and research areas. The aim of this review article is to compile the latest research (in the past decade) using LAB to synthesize high or low molecular weight dextran. In addition, studies using modified enzymes to produce dextran with specific structural characteristics (molecular weights and branches) are addressed. On the other hand, special attention is paid to LAB extracted from unconventional sources to expose their capacities as dextran producers and their possible application to compete with the only commercial strain (Leuconostoc mesenteroides NRRL B512).

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21

Cruz, Eric C., Ismael Aragorn D. Inocencio, Edgardo P. Kasilag II, and Laurice Angeli V. Villaflor. "ANALYSIS OF ENGINEERING FEASIBILITY OF AN OPEN PIER AGAINST COASTAL HAZARDS ALONG LUZON ISLAND." Coastal Engineering Proceedings, no. 36 (December 30, 2018): 50. http://dx.doi.org/10.9753/icce.v36.structures.50.

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As an archipelago, the Philippines highly depends on ports for inter-island trade and commerce. However the country is vulnerable to coastal hazards such as typhoons and tsunamis. To serve the growing demand for commercial cargo transport in the northern region of the countryâ€™s largest island Luzon, an open pier is being proposed to be built along the western seaboard. This paper presents a methodology of carrying out a coastal engineering assessment of the feasibility of an open pier possibly without protective breakwaters. The analysis aims to determine the wave climate of the project coast under prevailing non-storm conditions under which the port is expected to operate. The study also aims to quantify the historical storm tides along the project coast as basis for the vertical siting of the pier structure for engineering design. Finally, a study of the tsunami hazard is undertaken to consider the possible significance of infrequent but potentially catastrophic hazard into the engineering design basis of the pier.

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22

Tsitsos, S., A. A. P. Gibson, and L. E. Davis. "Electromagnetic analysis techniques for 3D microwave structures using commercial electromagnetic software." Microwave and Optical Technology Letters 40, no. 4 (2004): 335–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mop.11372.

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23

Xu, F., A. Patrovsky, and K. Wu. "Fast simulation of periodic guided-wave structures based on commercial software." Microwave and Optical Technology Letters 49, no. 9 (2007): 2180–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mop.22704.

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24

Morozova, I. A., O. M. Korobeynikova, D. A. Korobeynikov, and M. V. Glazova. "ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN THE MANAGEMENT ACCOUNTING OF COMMERCIAL STRUCTURES: NEW OPPORTUNITIES." Vektor nauki Tol'yattinskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Seriya Ekonomika i upravlenie, no. 2 (2020): 32–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.18323/2221-5689-2020-2-32-38.

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25

Inoue, Keita, Wei Fu, and Takashi Nakamura. "Explaining the different textures of commercial processed cheese from fractured structures." International Dairy Journal 97 (October 2019): 40–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.idairyj.2019.05.020.

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26

Chaturvedi, Rishabh, Aman Sharma, and Anas Islam. "Design analysis of BRB energy dissipated devices in commercial building structures." Materials Today: Proceedings 45 (2021): 2949–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2020.11.947.

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27

Cezar, Rafael. "Financial Development & Commercial Advantage." Global Economy Journal 17, no. 1 (January 26, 2017): 20160027. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/gej-2016-0027.

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Abstract: The article seeks to clarify the relationship between financial development and the marginal variation in the proportion of exporting firms (extensive margin) and the volume exported by each economic sector (intensive margin). We develop a theoretical model with two countries facing different levels of financial restrictions and input costs, several sectors differentiated by their dependence on external finance and heterogeneous firms producing with a combination of inputs. The model shows that financially developed countries experience a commercial advantage in financially dependent sectors and countries with more competitive cost structures experience an advantage and specialize in low financially dependent sectors. This relationship is true even within the manufacturing sectors. The model also indicates that financial development only affects trade in financially constrained sectors.

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28

Wang, Tong Bo, Bo Long Li, Mian Li, and Zuo Ren Nie. "Effects of Initial Micro-Structures on Deformation Behaviors of Commercial Pure Titanium." Materials Science Forum 879 (November 2016): 2050–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.879.2050.

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In this paper, effects of initial micro-structures on deformation behaviors of commercial pure titanium were elaborated by investigating the evolution of dislocation boundary and its adiabatic shear sensitivity. At the low to medium stain rates, the main plastic deformation mechanism of as-annealed commercial pure titanium is dislocation slipping. Meanwhile, geometrically necessary boundaries (GNBs) with different directions are generated and crossed with each other. However, new dislocation boundaries are formed in as-cold rolled plates, which are parallel to the initial ones induced by cold rolling. When the strain rate is up to 1000 s-1, the initial dislocation boundary playes an adverse role in the adiabatic shear sensitivity of commercial pure titanium. The adiabatic shear band is the high-speed deformation characteristic micro-structure in commercial pure titanium. In addition, dynamic recrystallized grains are generated in the center of an adiabatic shear band, which is consistent with the sub-grain rotation mechanism.

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29

Martínez-Pérez, Paula, and Jaime García-Rupérez. "Commercial Polycarbonate Track-Etched Membranes as Optical Chemical Sensors." Proceedings 4, no. 1 (November 14, 2018): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ecsa-5-05716.

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Refractive index is the main parameter measured by current optical sensors. Among all the photonic structures available for their design, porous materials have become an excellent option, since they provide better sensitivities. In our work, commercially available polycarbonate track-etched membranes were used as porous photonic structures. By means of reflectivity measurements, we demonstrated their capability to detect the presence of ethanol in the medium and showed the possibility of reusing them in several sensing assays. This new material could become an easier-to-obtain and cheaper alternative to current porous materials commonly used in optical sensors for refractive index sensing.

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30

Naebe, Maryam, Bruce McGregor, Melanie Dowling, and David Tester. "Prickle discomfort assessment of commercial knitted wool garments." International Journal of Clothing Science and Technology 30, no. 1 (March 5, 2018): 73–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijcst-03-2017-0023.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to identify the significant factors important for prickle discomfort properties of commercial wool knitwear and to analyse information on variability of garments manufactured over two decades, a total of 177 purchased garments were tested. Design/methodology/approach The relationship between the attributes of the reversed engineered garments and garment comfort, as assessed by Wool ComfortMeter, was determined. Findings The results indicate that: mean fibre diameter had the most significant effect on prickle assessment; the coefficient of variation of fibre diameter interacted with fabric thickness in affecting prickle discomfort; and rib knit structures were pricklier than single jersey structures. Originality/value The results provide objective evidence that the consumer surveys reporting dissatisfaction with the prickle discomfort of wool are based on real consumer experiences of prickle discomfort and are not based on “prejudice” against wool garments.

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31

Dibajnia, Mohammad, Dave Anglin, and Rob Nairn. "LARGE SCALE SHORELINE PROTECTION WITH MINIMIZED DOWNDRIFT IMPACT, COTONOU, WEST AFRICA." Coastal Engineering Proceedings, no. 36 (December 30, 2018): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.9753/icce.v36.structures.41.

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Benin is a country in West Africa with a little more than 120 kilometers of coastline. The main port at Cotonou serving the country of Benin was completed in 1963. According to Dibajnia and Nairn (2004), Beninâ€™s coastline experiences incessant wave attack causing a longshore sand transport rate in the order of 1 million m3 per year (moving from west to east). The port facility initially blocked the full amount of sand transported along the shore, resulting in accumulation of a large beach on the updrift (west) side of the port and corresponding dramatic erosion of the downdrift (east) shoreline consisting of over 400 m of shoreline retreat by 2003 (i.e. over approximately 40 years). Additionally, since 1998 sand started to bypass around the harbor breakwater into the entrance channel. Harbor entrance channel dredging requirements was escalating with almost 1.5 million m3 dredged between 1998 and 2002. At the time of port construction, the downdrift erosion was not a concern as the area was largely undeveloped. However, with the inevitable expansion of the city of Cotonou towards the east, the ongoing erosion started to destroy newly developed residential and commercial areas.

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32

Atalan, Özlem, and Hasan Şahan Arel. "Bedestens Located in the Heart of the Commercial Center in Anatolian Cities and Their Architecture Reflections." Open House International 42, no. 2 (June 1, 2017): 36–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ohi-02-2017-b0006.

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Commercial areas and bedestens (covered bazaars) are important public areas in Turkish cities and towns. These areas and buildings are essential in that they contribute vital economic and social characteristics to Turkish cities and towns. In the Ottoman period, these commercial areas, alongside inns, baths, mosques, and stores, were engaged in trading and manufacturing and formed a central part of life for the residents. The number of bedestens in a given city was dependent on the size of the city or town. All social, administrative, and economic activities were organized within these bedestens. Commercial structures, in which the bedestens are located, with different functions, such as arasta, inns, markets, covered markets, and stores, are the main components of the commercial districts. These structures were built by the order of the Sultan for the purpose of reviving and providing direction to the economic life of the city or town. One of the key components of these commercial structures was the bedestens. In terms of Turkish culture, a bedesten can be defined as the heart of the commercial district. Although these structures were built to sell textiles, they later functioned as places where antiques and/or valuable goods were also sold. Bedestens were usually a unique type of structure, with masonry masses between wooden stores located in the middle of the trade center of the city or town. The top of the bedesten, which was usually built as one storey and rectangular in shape, had a domed roof covered with lead. In this study, spatial analyses of these important architectural elements were conducted in terms of city planning, folk culture and commercial life. The bedestens selected for the study were those in historical cities located at major commercial road axes from the Ottoman period. The bedestens in these historical cities were examined, within the context of their planning, and assessments were made. The relations that these structures have with each other in general, and their common and different features, were also investigated.

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33

Almonti, Daniele, and Nadia Ucciardello. "Design and Thermal Comparison of Random Structures Realized by Indirect Additive Manufacturing." Materials 12, no. 14 (July 13, 2019): 2261. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12142261.

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Additive manufacturing (AM) processes are used to fabricate three-dimensional complex geometries. There are several technologies that use laser or electron beam over metal powder beds. However, the direct AM processes have inconveniences such as specific set of materials, high thermal stress traced, high local energy absorbed, poor surface finish, anisotropic properties, high cost of material powder, and manufacturing with high-power beams. In this paper, an alternative process was developed. An indirect additive manufacturing (I-AM) combining a 3D print of castable resin and metal casting in order to obtain a cellular structure similar in shape to commercial metal foams but completely definable as design features was developed. Design of the cellular structure was made by the graphical algorithm editor Grasshopper®. Designed structures were realized by a lost-wax casting process and compared with commercial foam specimens by a system designed for this work. The designed metal foams showed a performance superior to that of commercial metal foam; in particular, the heat thermal coefficient of designed metal foams in the better case was 870 W/m2·K, almost doubled in comparison with the commercial foam tested in this work.

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34

Ondrejka, Peter, Martin Kemény, Matúš Dubina, Patrik Novák, Ivan Hotový, and Miroslav Mikolášek. "Supercapacitors and energy conversion structures based on WS2 and MoS2 disulfides." Journal of Electrical Engineering 72, no. 4 (August 1, 2021): 256–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/jee-2021-0035.

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Abstract In this paper, disulfides WS2 and MoS2 were successfully prepared using thermal decomposition and utilised for fabrication of supercapacitor- and water splitting electrodes. Both, energy storage and conversion performances of these electrodes were compared with electrodes prepared with commercial MoS2, WS2, and activated carbon (AC). The electrochemical characterisation confirmed the pseudocapacitive character of disulfide-based supercapacitor electrodes. A strong influence of the scan rate on the specific capacitance was found, which is due to the diffusion of ions and the pseudocapacitive nature of charge storage. A specific capacitance of 405 mF/cm2 at 10 mV/s scan rate was achieved on MoS2 structures prepared by thermal decomposition. This value is 3.5-times greater than the capacitance achieved on commercial MoS2 and 6.8-times greater than capacitance achieved on structures with activated carbon. A specific capacitance of 396 mF/cm2 at 10 mV/s scan rate was achieved on WS2 structures prepared by thermal decomposition, which was 2.2 and 6.7-times greater than the capacitance achieved on commercial WS2 and AC based electrodes, respectively. Water-decomposition structures showed greater catalytic activity of thermally decomposed disulfides for HER compared to commercial materials and AC. The study showed a high perspective of MoS2 and WS2 prepared by thermal decomposition for energy storage applications by means of supercapacitors and energy conversion trough water electrolysis and hydrogen generation.

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Wainwright, Simon. "Off balance sheet property ownership structures." Journal of Corporate Real Estate 2, no. 4 (October 1, 2000): 330–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/14630010010811419.

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For many corporate occupiers, commercial property constitutes one of their largest operational assets. With a desire to improve shareholder value and efficiency and to refocus on core business, the continued necessity to retain such assets on the balance sheet is now under challenge. Changes in accountancy practice and a desire to maintain flexibility are, however making the choices ever more complicated. This paper examines the current options available for corporate users seeking to extract value from their property assets.

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Nayak, Rajkishore, Sinnappoo Kanesalingam, Arun Vijayan, Lijing Wang, Rajiv Padhye, and Lyndon Arnold. "Design of 3D knitted structures for impact absorption in sportswear." KnE Engineering 2, no. 2 (February 9, 2017): 127. http://dx.doi.org/10.18502/keg.v2i2.605.

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<p>Some sports involve frequent collisions between the players, and between a player and the playing surface, leading to injuries such as muscular strains, dislocations, sprains, lacerations, fractures and soft tissue injuries. In several instances, these injuries are so severe that they may cause bone fracture or dislocation of joints. In recent years, researchers are focusing on reducing these injuries by using protective gears and protective clothing to cover the torso, head, hands and legs. For rugby uniforms, shoulder pads are integrated to reduce the incidence of shoulder injury during the making or receiving of front-on tackles. Although some shoulder pads such as closed cell foams are commercially available, they are often discarded by the players due to their stiffness and discomfort. Hence, in this research an attempt was made to explore the potential of using flexible textile structures to replace the currently used commercial foam. Three flexible textile structures (A, B and C) were designed in three dimensional (3D) structure using Shima Seiki flatbed machine. Each fabric consisted of 3 layers, 2 external (face and back) and one internal layer. Fabric A consisted of mercerized cotton (space dyed) and Elastane external layers, whereas ballistic nylon internal layer. Fabrics B and C were prepared using Dyneema (untwisted) and Elastane external layers and Dyneema (untwisted) internal layer, but with different structures. These textile structures were analysed for their collision protection using the technique of ‘drop test’. The test was based on principle of energy absorption by the textile structure due to the impact of a hard surface with them. It was assumed that the higher is the energy absorbed by the textile structure, the smaller will be the impact to the wearer. It was found that the 3D structures can provide equivalent amount of impact protection as the commercial foam (Sample D). The flexible structures recover easily with the body movement, and provide a high level of comfort. The methods of drop-test including the results are discussed in this paper. The findings of this study suggested that an equivalent level of protection can be achieved with the use of 3D textile structures and higher amount of comfort for the rugby players. Hence, the 3D textile structures can be used as an alternative material to replace the commercial closed foam currently in use in the shoulder pad to achieve similar protection and improved thermal comfort.</p>

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Doumerc, Bernard, and Doris Stockly. "L'Évolution du Capitalisme Marchand a Venise : le financement des galère da mercato à la fin du xve siècle." Annales. Histoire, Sciences Sociales 50, no. 1 (February 1995): 133–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/ahess.1995.279355.

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Le système commercial maritime prend son essor dans un espace géographique défini par le contexte économique et politique des pays riverains de la Méditerranée. On ne peut donc analyser le secteur de la navigation de ligne à Venise sans tenir compte des tendances évolutives de ce contexte : la période du commerce centré sur la Méditerranée. La mise en place de toutes les structures juridiques et administratives nécessaires au renforcement du secteur commercial se développe pendant les croisades du XIIe siècle. Les établissements vénitiens au Levant sont ainsi les têtes de pont de ce qui devient très vite les lignes commerciales maritimes de la République de Venise. Toute cette stratégie politique patiemment déployée par des conquêtes territoriales et des succès diplomatiques incontestables a pour but de faire prospérer le commerce maritime en direction de l'Orient. Pour faire face au considérable renouveau des échanges ayant marqué la révolution commerciale et maritime du 13e siècle, les États, surpris par l'ampleur du phénomène, mettent en place toute une administration gérant le regroupement des ressources techniques, financières et humaines. La croisade de 1204 est le point d'orgue de cette réussite sans précédent.

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Coffetti, Denny, Elena Crotti, Gabriele Gazzaniga, Roberto Gottardo, Tommaso Pastore, and Luigi Coppola. "Protection of Concrete Structures: Performance Analysis of Different Commercial Products and Systems." Materials 14, no. 13 (July 2, 2021): 3719. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14133719.

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The increasing demand for reconstructions of concrete structures and the wide availability on the market of surface protective products and systems could lead to misunderstandings in the decision of the most effective solution. Surface protectors have become increasingly widespread in recent years in concrete restoration interventions thanks to their properties: they are able to protect the substrate from aggressive agents and consequently extend the useful life of the structures. The aim of this article is first of all to present the surface protective treatments available on the market, outlining their strengths and weaknesses. Subsequently, a characterization of seven different commercial coatings for reinforced-concrete structures is provided, taking into account chemical nature, fields of use and effectiveness, both in terms of physic and elastic performance and resistance to aggressive agents that undermine the durability of the treated concrete elements.

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Wang, Ya-Jane, and Linfeng Wang. "Structures and Properties of Commercial Maltodextrins from Corn, Potato, and Rice Starches." Starch - Stärke 52, no. 8-9 (September 2000): 296–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1521-379x(20009)52:8/9<296::aid-star296>3.0.co;2-a.

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TRAN, Thinh Quoc, Anh Hoang LY, and Dung Khanh Ngoc NGUYEN. "Relationship between Ownership Structures and Earnings Management Behavior in Vietnamese Commercial Banks." Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business 7, no. 9 (September 30, 2020): 401–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.13106/jafeb.2020.vol7.no9.401.

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Cracknell, P. J. "Commercial linear accelerator structures for 25 to 50 kWatts electron beam powers." International Journal of Radiation Applications and Instrumentation. Part C. Radiation Physics and Chemistry 35, no. 4-6 (January 1990): 662–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/1359-0197(90)90292-p.

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Muratov, A. N., Yu D. Morozov, O. N. Chevskaya, and G. A. Filippov. "Technology for the commercial production of fire-resistant steel for building structures." Metallurgist 51, no. 7-8 (July 2007): 446–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11015-007-0079-0.

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Tappura, Kirsi. "Enhancing the Performance of Commercial Infrared Detectors by Surface Plasmons." Proceedings 2, no. 13 (November 16, 2018): 63. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2130063.

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The feasibility to improve the response of quantum type (photonic) infrared (IR) detectors by applying surface plasmons is investigated. The HgCdTe material system is used as the detector platform of interest for which selected plasmonic structures and materials are applied and the influence studied by full-fielded electromagnetic simulations. It is shown that even for the several-micrometers-thick detector structures, similar to the commercial ones, broadband absorption enhancements of 30–40% can be achieved. The results suggest that improved, or new, pixel-level functionalities can be created for commercial IR detectors by relatively simple means. Additionally, high potential for cost reduction in high-performance IR imaging systems with multicolour capabilities is foreseen.

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Tappura, Kirsi. "Enhancing the Performance of Commercial Infrared Detectors by Surface Plasmons." Proceedings 2, no. 13 (November 16, 2018): 1063. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2131063.

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The feasibility to improve the response of quantum type (photonic) infrared (IR) detectors by applying surface plasmons is investigated. The HgCdTe material system is used as the detector platform of interest for which selected plasmonic structures and materials are applied and the influence studied by full-fielded electromagnetic simulations. It is shown that even for the several-micrometers-thick detector structures, similar to the commercial ones, broadband absorption enhancements of 30–40% can be achieved. The results suggest that improved, or new, pixel-level functionalities can be created for commercial IR detectors by relatively simple means. Additionally, high potential for cost reduction in high-performance IR imaging systems with multicolour capabilities is foreseen.

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Lipp Pinto Basto Lupi, André. "Especialização funcional do Direito Comercial / Functional specialization in Commercial Law." Revista da Faculdade de Direito da Universidade Federal de Uberlândia 47, no. 1 (July 22, 2019): 39–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.14393/rfadir-v47n1a2019-49644.

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O trabalho tem por objeto a análise de estruturas argumentativas empregadas em matérias de Direito Empresarial mas construídas a partir de repertórios de outras áreas do Direito. O problema a ser analisado é avaliar o uso de tais recursos em face da função social da dogmática jurídica comercialista. Como marcos teóricos, o trabalho vale-se de insumos da teoria dos sistemas e da tópica jurídica. A metodologia consiste em explanação das premissas teóricas da análise, a exposição de exemplos da jurisprudência e as conclusões acerca da referida problemática, que apontam para certa restrição ao emprego do gênero de argumentos analisado. Abstract: The object of this work is the argumentative structures applied in matters of Commercial Law, but construed with elements from other fields of law. The problem is to evaluate recourse to those structures in the light of the social function of the legal dogmatics on Commercial Law. The theoretical approach is grounded in both social system theory and topical reasoning. The methodology consist in the explanation of the theoretical basis, the illustration by examples and the conclusions about the problem, that point out to a certain restriction to the use of structures from other fields of law.

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Konstantinov, Igor, Marina A. Fedotova, and Yin Binh. "Development of international commercial project management." LAPLAGE EM REVISTA 7, Extra-A (April 28, 2021): 171–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.24115/s2446-622020217extra-a790p.171-178.

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The article talks about the issues identified with data logical help of the administration/technique improvement for global instruction business projects inside preparing program advancement. The article portrays in detail the improvement of MAI-chains of command produced for this level. Computations of multi-master appraisals during the execution of the global instructive business project "New training” and break down the fundamental issues related with the settled-on decision made were given. A short outline of extra models of the instructive interaction advancement/defense is accommodated this level. Thought of the VS-connection between the MAI chains of importance of advantages and expenses permits us to reason that the most favored type of preparing association for some HR association is TF groups, albeit the other two structures are additionally very alluring.

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Strel'chuk, Anatoly M., Baptiste Berenguier, Eugene B. Yakimov, and Laurent Ottaviani. "Recombination Processes in 4H-SiC pn Structures." Materials Science Forum 858 (May 2016): 345–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.858.345.

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Commercial 4H-SiC p+n structures with an uncompensated donor concentration (Nd-Na) of ~1.5∙1015 cm-3 in the n-type epitaxial layer are studied. The measurement of the photocurrent, electron beam induced current and transient switching characteristics (from forward to reverse voltage), altogether showed that the value of the hole diffusion length, about 2 μm at room temperature, increases to at least 7 μm at 620 K.

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de Toro Espejel, J. Fernandez, and Zahra Sharif Khodaei. "Lightning Strike Simulation in Composite Structures." Key Engineering Materials 754 (September 2017): 181–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.754.181.

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Lighting strike is one of the critical threats to the safety of composite aircrafts during flight. This work reports on numerical simulation of lightning strike in composite structures. Different modelling techniques using the commercial software ABAQUS, together with damage models are studied to find the most appropriate one in comparison to experimental results. Once the numerical model is validated, the effect of insertion of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and metallic mesh in the composite is investigated. It is concluded that inserting CNTs in the top layer of the composite can improve its lightning strike protection noticeably.

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Glass, Alan J., and Neal M. Holtz. "A relational database for building structures." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 13, no. 5 (October 1, 1986): 528–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l86-080.

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This paper looks at some of the requirements of a database for building structure data and the role of the building structure database in an integrated design system. A method of representing the necessary building structure data in a relational database is discussed. The basic data manipulation commands for relational databases are briefly explained. A demonstration database for a steel structure implemented on a microcomputer using a commercial relational database is presented. Key words: computer-aided design (CAD), database, database management system (DBMS), relational database, engineering database, building description.

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Łubiński, Jacek, and Henryk Olszewski. "Hybrid Finite Element Method Development for Offshore Structures’ Calculation with the Implementation of Industry Standards." Polish Maritime Research 26, no. 4 (December 1, 2019): 90–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/pomr-2019-0070.

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Abstract In the design process of offshore steel structures, it is typical to employ commercial calculation codes in which simulation and evaluation of results are performed on the basis of the available standards (e.g. API, DNV, Lloyds). The modeling and solution rely on finite element methods and cover the simulation of the structure’s properties along with the influence of the marine environment – sea currents, wave and wind loading, as well as the influence of vibrations, buoyancy and accompanying mass of water. Both commercial and open source mathematical modeling software which is available nowadays allows for cost effective and flexible implementation of advanced models for offshore industrial structures with high level of credibility and safety. The models can be built to suit task-specific requirements and evaluated on the basis of the selected criterial system best suited to the needs of the customer. Examples of methodology for environmental and structural model development are presented, along with simulation results covering a wide scope of data, ranging from stress and deformation to resonant characteristics and issues of technological feasibility.

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