Academic literature on the topic 'Commercialization index'
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Journal articles on the topic "Commercialization index"
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Agwu, N.M., C.I. Anyanwu, and E.I. Mendie. "Socio-Economic Determinants of Commercialization among Small Holder Farmers in Abia State, Nigeria." Greener Journal of Agricultural Sciences 2, no. 8 (2012): 392–97. https://doi.org/10.15580/GJAS.2012.8.110112200.
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The general objective of the study is to analyse the socio- economic determinants of commercialization among smallholder farmers in Abia state, Nigeria. The specific objectives of the study are to: (i) examine the level of commercialization among the farmers (ii) estimate the determinants of commercialization among the smallholder farmers in the study area; and make recommendations based on the findings. Multi-stage sampling technique was adopted for this study. First, two local government areas were selected from each of the three agricultural zones. From these local government areas, three communities were chosen. Finally, a random selection of twenty farmers was selected each from the three communities, bringing a total of one hundred and eighty (180) farmers / respondents. Primary source of data was used for the study. This was actualized with questionnaire administered to the already selected respondents. Enumerator who had already been trained assisted in the distribution and collection of data. Objective (i) employed household commercialization index (HCI), while objective (ii) was realized using multiple regression. The result of the commercialization index showed that among all the crops studied none attained a ratio above 30% . Cassava had the highest ratio of 29.58% . This was followed by maize having a ratio of 24.02% . Sweet potatoes came third with the ratio of 19.06% , while cocoyam and water yam was fourth and fifth respectively with 13.79% and 13.55% . This implies that there is a low level of orientation towards cassava commercialization in the study area. The coefficient of household size, income, farming experience, farm size, distance to market, membership of society and access to credits, were all significant at various probability levels and with different signs influencing commercialization in the study area. It is therefore recommended that markets should be created where none exist. Support to facilities in storage, business management capacity building, packing and processing should be provided. Furthermore, interlocked transaction institutional arrangement model is recommended.
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SC, Udah, Nmerengwa JK, Osondu CK, and Onuabuchi FO. "Effects of commercialization on food security status of cassava producing households in Abia state, Nigeria." Journal of Management and Science 14, no. 2 (2024): 56–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.26524/jms.14.19.
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The study examined effects of commercialization on food security status of cassava producers in Abia State, Nigeria. Specifically the study described the socio-economic characteristics of the cassava producers; examined the level of cassava commercialization; estimated mean per capita monthly food expenditure of cassava producing households; assessed the food security status of the cassava producing households; ascertained effect of commercialization on the food security status of the respondents and identified the constrained to commercialization. A multi-stage sampling procedure was employed to select 96 respondents needed for the study. Data analysis was carried out using descriptive and inferential tools such as mean, frequencies, percentage, percentage household commercialization index and food security index. Results showed that the mean age of cassava producing household head was 35.3years. Cumulatively, 93.3% of cassava producing household head had formal education ranging from primary school to secondary with mean household size of 7 persons. Dominant number of the cassava farmers indicated access to credit (75.6%) with mean farm size of 1.9ha and mean farming experience of 9.9years. The result also showed a mean commercialization index of 0.646970. The study area could be regarded as food insecure given that only 35.00% of the households were food secure. The result further indicated that there was a positive relationship between commercialization level and food security in the area. However, instability in government policy (86.67%) and lack of collateral required securing loan (72.22 were major constraints to cassava commercialization in the study area. The study concluded that the proportion of food insecure households is more than the food secure households. Therefore, agricultural policies that promote access of farmers to land and other farm inputs that can lead to increased farm household productivity and income should be implemented.
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Onomu, Achoja Roland. "Determinants of Indigenous Floral Foods’ Commercialization among Rural Households: The Outcome of Double and Triple Hurdles in Amathole District Rural Community." Sustainability 16, no. 19 (2024): 8392. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su16198392.
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Indigenous foods are used to prepare delicious delicacies (Imefino) in South Africa, and are consumed for their medicinal, food security, and nutritional value. Many of them are rich in macro- and micronutrients and contribute to improving the households’ income. However, the commercialization of many indigenous foods remains problematic with poor market penetration. This study investigates the commercialization status and determinants of indigenous floral food (IFF) commercialization using descriptive statistics, and the double- and triple-hurdle analysis. A semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect cross-sectional data from 240 rural households in Amathole District Municipality in the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa. The result shows that most (60%) of the rural households rely solely on agriculture and agricultural-related activities as their source of employment. Ironically, among the rural household heads who are solely engaged in agriculture, most (83%) do not sell IFFs despite being involved solely in agriculture. More so, there is poor commercialization of IFF with the evidence of a low-commercialization index and low-income generation from IFF. However, IFF consumed for medicinal value has a higher commercialization index. Indigenous foods show potential for commercialization if well harnessed. The results also show that if the rural householder is a male and adds value to indigenous floral foods, he is more likely to make a decision that entails him being involved in the commercialization of indigenous floral foods. The result further proves that the influence of households’ willingness to pay for the improved seed of IFFs will not necessarily affect the intensity of IFF commercialization. Household size is among the determinants of IFF commercialization. Commercialization indicators reveal that rural household heads are committing to IFF commercialization. Based on the study’s overall findings, factors such as seasonality, price, demand fluctuation, and other identified challenges in this study affect IFF commercialization. Programs addressing value addition and the domestication of indigenous floral foods, application of marketing philosophy, and marketing mix, among others, are recommended.
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H. C., Harshitha, V. R. Kiresur, M. Y. Teggi, J. A. Hosmath, and Sarojani J. Karakannavar. "Commercialization and Agricultural Diversity: Insights from North Karnataka, India." Journal of Scientific Research and Reports 30, no. 8 (2024): 336–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/jsrr/2024/v30i82254.
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Aim: Agriculture has been the foundation of India's economy for centuries, providing livelihoods for a significant portion of the population. The present study aimed to analyze the impact of agricultural commercialization on diversity of agriculture. Specifically, it assessed the degree of commercialization and determined the diversification index for the study area. Specific Objective of the Study: To study the effect of commercialization on the diversity of agriculture in the study area. Place and Duration of the Study: The present study was conducted in Dharwad, Gadag, Belagavi and Bagalkote districts of North Karnataka based on the gross irrigated area. The study was conducted for agricultural year 2022-23. Methodology: The study utilized primary data gathered through personal interview method with 240 farm households from 24 villages across eight talukas in four districts of North Karnataka. It employed descriptive statistics and calculated the Household Crop Commercialization Index (CCI) to measure the extent of agricultural commercialization, along with the Herfindahl-Hirschman Index (HHI) to assess diversification. The Regression Adjustment (RA) method was employed to analyze how commercialization influences agricultural diversity. Results and Discussion: In regions considered less progressive, the CCI was lower at 89.54 per cent compared to more progressive areas where it reached 96.02 per cent, indicating a disparity in the degree of crop commercialization. Similarly, the HHI was lower in less progressive areas (0.45) compared to more progressive areas (0.66), indicating a less concentrated market structure. In areas characterized by higher progressiveness, farmers predominantly cultivated sugarcane, a crop with strong commercial value, which limited agricultural diversification. A notable gender difference was observed at a significance level of 10 per cent. Households with higher levels of commercialization exhibited significantly greater agricultural assets and slightly larger land holdings, indicating improved access to markets and higher agricultural productivity. The RA model in the analysis indicated a substantial ATET coefficient of 0.44, suggesting that increased commercialization strongly promotes agricultural diversity. Conversely, less commercialized households showed a POM coefficient of 0.07, confirming some degree of diversification. Significance of the Study: The study highlighted the dual role of agricultural commercialization in improving economic stability and promoting sustainable livelihoods, while also revealing critical gender disparities that necessitated inclusive policies. These insights have important implications for policymakers aiming to foster equitable agricultural development and strengthen community cohesion through enhanced economic and social support structures.
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Sohn, So Young, and Tae Hee Moon. "Structural equation model for predicting technology commercialization success index (TCSI)." Technological Forecasting and Social Change 70, no. 9 (2003): 885–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0040-1625(03)00004-0.
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Endalew, Birara, Mezegebu Aynalem, Fenta Assefa, and Zemen Ayalew. "Determinants of Wheat Commercialization among Smallholder Farmers in Debre Elias Woreda, Ethiopia." Advances in Agriculture 2020 (August 6, 2020): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/2195823.
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Even though wheat commercialization has got great emphasis, smallholder farmers face challenges to participate in the wheat market. As a result, understanding the intensity of smallholder farmers’ wheat commercialization and factors affecting wheat commercialization has vital importance to tackle the problem. Consequently, this study was undertaken in northwestern Ethiopia to measure smallholder farmers’ wheat commercialization and analyze factors that hamper wheat commercialization in the study area. For this purpose, a systematic sampling technique has been employed to select a total of 154 smallholder wheat producer household heads. A semistructured questionnaire has been used as a principal primary data collection method. Similarly, the output commercialization index and the beta regression model have been employed for data analysis. The result of the study showed that 23.4%, 51.9%, and 24.7% of smallholder farmers were subsistence, semicommercialized, and commercialized, respectively. The result indicated that the majority of smallholder farmers are semicommercial wheat producers. Moreover, the beta regression result indicated that educational status, number of oxen, land size allocated to wheat production, farming experience in wheat production, extension service, and market distance are major factors for smallholder farmer’s wheat commercialization. Therefore, an attempt to increase smallholder farmers’ wheat commercialization should give special priority for significant explanatory variables.
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Orlova, Dariya. "Natalya Ryabinska. Ukraine’s Post-Communist Mass Media: Between Capture and Commercialization." East/West: Journal of Ukrainian Studies 5, no. 2 (2018): 177–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.21226/ewjus424.
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Book review of Natalya Ryabinska. Ukraine’s Post-Communist Mass Media: Between Capture and Commercialization. Foreword by Marta Dyczok, ibidem-Verlag, 2017. Soviet and Post-Soviet Politics and Society 162, edited by Andreas Umland. 186 pp. Tables. Bibliography. Name Index. Subject Index. €29.90, paper.
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OTEKUNRIN, Olutosin Ademola. "Assessing agricultural commercialization and rural infrastructure development in rural Southwestern Nigeria: evidence from smallholder cassava farmers." Acta agriculturae Slovenica 118, no. 4 (2022): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.14720/aas.2022.118.4.2338.
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<p class="042abstractstekst">This study assessed agricultural commercialization and rural infrastructure development of smallholder cassava farmers in rural Southwestern Nigeria. The study was conducted in Nigeria with cross-sectional data collected from 352 smallholder cassava farmers. Crop commercialization index (CCI) was used to compute each farmer’s CCI and categorized into four levels while ordered logit model was employed to analyze the determinants of agricultural commercialization of cassava farmers in the study areas. Availability of some important rural infrastructures were assessed across cassava farmers’ commercialization levels. The results revealed that 13.1 % of cassava farmers did not participate in the sale of cassava roots while 86.9 % of them participated actively in the output market. The mean and maximum CCI in the study areas was 59.1 and 95.5 respectively. The results also showed that less than 40 % and 20 % of cassava farmers in all commercialization levels had access to electricity and piped water respectively. The ordered logit regression analysis indicated that age, transport cost, cassava marketing experience, and distance to market were among the determinants of agricultural commercialization. Therefore, stakeholders should expedite policy actions capable of promoting rural infrastructure development that will enhance agricultural production, marketing and improve the quality of life of rural farming communities.</p>
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Otekunrin, Olutosin Ademola, Idris Akanbi Ayinde, Rahman Akintayo Sanusi, and Oluwaseun Aramide Otekunrin. "Assessing the determinants of agricultural commercialization and challenges confronting cassava farmers in Oyo State, Nigeria." Journal of Socioeconomics and Development 5, no. 1 (2022): 76. http://dx.doi.org/10.31328/jsed.v5i1.3483.
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This study assesses the agricultural commercialization levels, determinants, and challenges confronting smallholder cassava farmers in Oyo State, Nigeria. This study was conducted in Oyo State, Nigeria using cross-sectional data from 211 smallholder cassava farmers and employing multi-stage sampling procedures. Descriptive statistics, Crop Commercialization Index (CCI), and Ordered Logit Model (OLM) were used to analyze the data collected. The results revealed that 83.9% of the cassava farmers participated in the commercialization of their cassava roots while the remaining farmers were non-participants. The greatest challenge faced by the cassava farmers in the study area was the incessant attacks by the Fulani herdsmen (destroying growing cassava on the farm) while other challenges included cassava cyclical gluts and poor access road. Moreover, OLM revealed that age, farm size, cassava marketing experience and distance to market had significant influence on commercialization levels of cassava farmers. However, in order to enhance increased commercialization levels of cassava farmers and peaceful coexistence in the study area, policies and intervention programmes that will facilitate rural infrastructure development and proffer lasting solution to the farmers-herders crisis should be given upmost priority.JEL Classification D13; M31; Q19
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Tilahun, Assefa, Jema Haji, Lemma Zemedu, and Dawit Alemu. "Commercialization of Smallholder Pulse Producers in East Gojjam Zone, Ethiopia." Sustainable Agriculture Research 8, no. 4 (2019): 84. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/sar.v8n4p84.
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This study examines pulse producers&rsquo; commercialization using a cross-sectional data obtained from 385 randomly and proportionately selected sampled households from East Gojjam zone, Amhara National Regional State of Ethiopia. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and econometric model to characterize sample households and identify factors affecting pulse output commercialization. The mean commercial index for the sample households was 0.345 which indicates that on average a household sold 34.5% of his/her total pulse produce. As a result, farm households&rsquo; output commercialization levels fall in semi-commercial farming system. Two limit Tobit model result indicated that farm households&rsquo; crop output commercialization was positively and significantly influenced by access to improved seed, cooperative membership, land size, access to market information and pulse yield and was negatively and significantly influenced by family size and livestock owned. Based on the findings, improved seed/new varieties should be released and accessed to smallholder farmers, deliver market information timely, land owned allocation should be intensified so that smallholder producers can increase their crop output commercialization, strengthening the existing farmers&rsquo; cooperatives and finally cut and carry livestock feeding system should be practiced in order to manage farm land properly.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Commercialization index"
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Valverde, Luna Vanessa Sofía, and Añaños Diego Alonso Collantes. "Approaches for a comprehensive regulatory response to illegal gold commerce." IUS ET VERITAS, 2018. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/123635.
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This paper pretends to analyze the functioning and the limitations of some legal tools that the Peruvian state has posed as a part of his normative answer to the grave phenomenon of illegal gold mining, organized form of criminality whose utilities have surpassed the ones of drug trafficking. With this purpose, two axes of analysis has been proposed with incidence upon the illegal commercialization of gold: (i) the criminal tools, which specifically involve the crimes of illegal mining, clandestine commerce and money laundering; and (ii) the administrative tools, which involve the Legislative Decrees N° 1103 and 1107, the Supreme Decrees N° 012-2012-EM and N° 17-2009-MTC, among others. The authors have noticed several legislative policy errors in these elements and therefore implement recommendations to increase the global effectiveness of the regulation.<br>El presente trabajo apunta a evaluar el funcionamiento y las limitaciones de algunas de las herramientas jurídicas que el Estado peruano ha planteado como parte de su respuesta normativa frente al grave fenómeno de la minería ilegal, forma organizada de criminalidad cuyas ganancias ilícitas han superado en los últimos años a las del tráfico ilícito de drogas. Con tal finalidad, se han propuesto dos ejes de análisis con incidencia en la comercialización del oro ilegal: (i) las herramientas penales, que específicamente comprenden los delitos de minería ilegal, comercio clandestino y lavado de activos; y (ii) las herramientas administrativas, compuestas por los Decretos Legislativos No. 1103 y 1107, los Decretos Supremos No. 012-2012-EM y No. 17-2009-MTC, entre otros. Los autores han advertido diversos errores de política legislativa en estos elementos e implementan recomendaciones para incrementar la eficacia global de la regulación.
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Abafe, Ejovi Akpojevwe. "Market participation of smallholder sunflower farmers in North-West province, South Africa." Diss., 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/27844.
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In South Africa and other parts of sub-Saharan Africa, market participation of smallholder farmers are rapidly being advocated as a means to achieve the United Nations Sustainable Development Agenda’s (SDGs): zero hunger and no poverty. Yet little is known about market participation in the sunflower industry. The study therefore, examine market participation of smallholder sunflower farmers in Ngaka Modiri Molema District Municipality, North West Province, South Africa. A quantitative research approach was developed to address the research objectives, and a proportional stratified random sampling technique was used to select 177 sunflower producing households. Respondents information were captured using semi-structured questionnaires, data were then entered and coded using statistical software computer programs (MS Excel, SPSS, and Stata). Socio-economic characteristics, level of market participation, and factors influencing households market participation within the district were analyzed using descriptive statistics, household commercialization index, and probit regression model. Overall, the result indicates that respondents exhibited high level of commercialization (90.1 % market participants). While, the result of the probit regression model shows that eight (8) of the regressors were statistically significant. Variables such as age (Coef = 0.103, p<0.01), gender (Coef = 1.267, p<0.05), market outlet (Coef = 1.351, p<0.01), access to information (Coef = 1.298, p<0.05), and quantity sold in tons (Coef = 0.015, p<0.010) were found to have positive and statistically significant influence, while household size (Coef = -0.409, p<0.01), market distance (Coef = 0.618, p<0.010) and land tenure system (Coef = -1.541, p<0.05) were found to have a negative but statistically significant impact on market participation among respondents. The pseudo R2 of the probit model is 0.5199, indicating that the model matches the dataset and the regressors accurately explains 51.99 % of the variation. The overall goodness of fit measures of the probit model was determined using postestimation test for predictive margin. With a high significant chi-square value of (p<0.0001), the result correctly predicted a 90 % likelihood of respondents to participate in the market. The findings suggests that rural-based initiatives and intervention programs be developed to boost households' access to finance, grants, and diversified markets for effective market competitiveness, while there is a greater need for proper awareness, supports, and partnerships focused on promoting women and youth participation in the sunflower sector across the district.<br>Agriculture and Animal Health<br>M. Sci. (Agriculture)
Books on the topic "Commercialization index"
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Moran, Nicole. Agricultural. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190656010.003.0008.
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Society relies on agricultural commodities to feed and clothe the world’s population and play an important role in the economy as well as the financial markets. Unlike other commodities, agricultural commodities (grains and oilseeds, dairy, and softs) have unique characteristics that may include seasonality, perishability, and production dependent on weather conditions. Further, these products are an important part of international trade and are crucial in providing food security to ensure a stable supply of food worldwide. Financial investments within the agriculture industry have increased over the last several decades due in part to the commercialization of food production, the introduction of agricultural commodity index funds, and the increased investment in futures markets. This chapter introduces the major agricultural products, discusses price determinants and how to invest in agriculture, and highlights the differences between agricultural commodities and other commodities.
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Komlos, John, and Inas R. Kelly, eds. The Oxford Handbook of Economics and Human Biology. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199389292.001.0001.
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The Oxford Handbook of Economics and Human Biology provides an extensive and insightful overview of how economic conditions affect human well-being and how human health influences economic outcomes. The book addresses both macro and micro factors, as well as their interaction, providing new understanding of complex relationships and developments in economic history and economic dynamics. Among the topics explored is how variation in height, whether over time, among different socioeconomic groups, or in different locations, is an important indicator of changes in economic growth and economic development, levels of economic inequality, and economic opportunities for individuals. The book covers a broad geographic range: Africa, Latin and North America, Asia, and Europe. Its temporal scope ranges from the late Iron Age to the present. Taking advantage of recent improvements in data collection and economic methods, the book also explores how humans’ biological conditions influence and are influenced by their economic circumstances, including poverty. Among the issues addressed are how height, body mass index (BMI), and obesity can affect and are affected by productivity, wages, and wealth. How family environment affects health and well-being is examined, as is the importance of both pre-birth and early-childhood conditions for subsequent economic outcomes. The volume shows that well-being is a salient aspect of economics, and the new toolkit of evidence from biological living standards enhances understanding of how industrialization, commercialization, income distribution, the organization of health care, social status, and the redistributive state affect such human attributes as physical stature, weight, and the obesity epidemic in historical and contemporary populations.
Book chapters on the topic "Commercialization index"
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Kawaye, Floney P., and Michael F. Hutchinson. "Maize, Cassava, and Sweet Potato Yield on Monthly Climate in Malawi." In African Handbook of Climate Change Adaptation. Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-45106-6_120.
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AbstractClimate change and climate variability in Malawi have negatively affected the production of maize, a staple food crop. This has adversely affected food security. On the other hand, there have been increases in growing area, production, yield, consumption, and commercialization of both cassava and sweet potato. Factors behind these increases include the adaptive capacity of these crops in relation to climate change and variability, structural adjustment programs, population growth and urbanization, new farming technologies, and economic development. Cassava and sweet potato are seen to have the potential to contribute to food security and alleviate poverty among rural communities.This study used a simple generic growth index model called GROWEST to model observed yields of maize, cassava, and sweet potato across Malawi between 2001 and 2012. The method can be viewed as a hybrid approach between complex process-based crop models and typical statistical models. For each food crop, the GROWEST model was able to provide a robust correlation between observed yields and spatially interpolated monthly climate. The model parameters, which included optimum growing temperatures and growing seasons, were well determined and agreed with known values. This indicated that these models could be used with reasonable confidence to project the impacts of climate change on crop yield. These projections could help assess the future of food security in Malawi under the changing climate and assist in planning for this future.
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"Index." In Nanotechnology Commercialization. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119371762.index.
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"Index." In Nanotechnology Commercialization. Pan Stanford Publishing, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b15777-14.
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"Index." In Commercialization of Innovative Technologies. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470925362.index.
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"INDEX." In Commercialization of Intimate Life. University of California Press, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/9780520935167-022.
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"Author Index." In Space Commercialization: Satellite Technology. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/5.9781600866012.0318.0318.
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"Index." In Development and Commercialization of Biopesticides. Elsevier, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-323-95290-3.20001-0.
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"Author Index." In Space Commercialization: Platforms and Processing. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/5.9781600866005.0379.0379.
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"Author Index." In Space Commercialization: Launch Vehicles and Programs. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/5.9781600865992.0270.0270.
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"Index." In Agricultural Commercialization, Nutrition, and the Rural Poor. Lynne Rienner Publishers, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9781685858629-025.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Commercialization index"
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"Author's index." In 2015 Innovation & Commercialization of Medical Electronic Technology Conference (ICMET). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icmetc.2015.7449586.
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BOANȚĂ, Laura-Florentina, Alexandru MARIN, Miron ZAPCIU, and Bogdan-George RÂNEA. "COMMERCIAL READINESS INDEX FOR LITTAR® ASPHALT CONCRETE." In International Conference of Management and Industrial Engineering. Editura Niculescu, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.56177/11icmie2023.22.
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The present study aims to introduce the use of Commercial Readiness Index (CRI) for developing new materials, i.e., the novel Littar® asphalt concrete for refurbishing roads infrastructure. The analyzed indicators outlined the factors within the technology development process, making up the CRI: Technology Performance (TRL); Market Opportunities (MRL); Regulatory Environment (RRL); Stakeholder Acceptance (ARL); and Organization’s Maturity (ORL). The CRIs framework helped recognize the KPIs within the case study’s manufacturing process. It also helps companies to understand and learn about the possibilities regarding commercialization of a complex product. The technology, market, regulatory, acceptance and organizational framework, with respect to the associated uncertainties, revealed in a simple and clear way how any innovative project risks are strongly influencing the manufacturing process and commercialization of any new product.
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Amanuel, Atile, Fanta Workneh, Sorsa Zamach, Limani Belete, Anna Brisola, and Brentha Murugan. "Determinants of wheat commercialization in Damot Gale district of Wolaita zone." In Employment, Education and Entrepreneurship 2024. Faculty of Business Economics and Entrepreneurship, 2024. https://doi.org/10.5937/eee24018a.
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Transforming subsistence-farming to market-oriented production as a way to increase household's income and reduce poverty in Ethiopia. The objectives are to identify factors determining wheat commercialization in Damot Gale district of Wolaita zone. Multi-stage sampling techniques were employed to select total sample size of 120 households. Firstly, Damot Gale was purposively selected due to its high production potential of cereal crops. Three Kebeles, namely Wandara Boloso, Woshi Gale and Fate were purposively selected. The sample for each kebele was determined by using probability proportional to size using simple random sampling technique. Both primary and secondary data sources were used to generate qualitative and quantitative data types through structured questionnaire, focus group discussion, personal observation and in-depth interview. Data collected were analyzed using household commercialization index and binary logit model. The household commercialization index showed that 45.9% of wheat producing households were commercialized. From sample households, 72.5% participated in wheat output market. Binary logit regression model result revealed that the sex of household head, education level of household head, market-oriented production, credit utilization, extension services use and market information use, number of oxen owned, annual household income, quantity of wheat produced, use of farm inputs and age of household head. Therefore, market orientated production, farm inputs utilization, demonstrative trainings, MFI services, market information dissemination and functional adult literacy can contribute wheat commercialization of households in the study area.
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Wei, Peng, Yu Zhu, and Guanghong Duan. "Research on the Fabrication Time and Surface Quality of the Plane Model in the Two-Photon Three Dimension Microfabrication." In 2007 First International Conference on Integration and Commercialization of Micro and Nanosystems. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/mnc2007-21259.
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The comprehensive evaluation index was introduced to reduce the fabrication time and improve the surface quality of the two-photon three dimension microfabrication. And the relation between the exposure time and the overlap rate with the fabrication time and the surface quality was described in detail. The objective function based on the evaluation index was given. And the Genetic Algorithm was applied in searching the optimal solution of the objective function. Simulation results indicate that the method is useful to some extent.
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"Funding Decision Trade Off Theory and Pecking Order Theory Perspectives in Jakarta Islamic Index." In International Seminar of Research Month Science and Technology in Publication, Implementation and Commercialization. Galaxy Science, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.11594/nstp.2018.0167.
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Febrian, F. "Managing Oil and Gas Project Value By Prime (Pertamina Investment Management Engine)." In Digital Technical Conference. Indonesian Petroleum Association, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.29118/ipa20-bc-88.
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Oil and gas companies are facing an enormous challenge to create value from mature fields. Moreover, price volatility presents a massive impact on project uncertainties. Therefore, robust portfolio management is essential for oil and gas companies to manage critical challenges and uncertainties. The objective of this study is to develop a robust portfolio model to assist top management in oil and gas companies to drive investment strategy. PRIME (Pertamina Investment Management Engine) has been built to visualize advanced oil and gas project portfolio management. The engine observes the relationship between risk-and-return as the main framework drivers. The profitability index is endorsed as a parameter to envisage the investment effectiveness of individual projects. Correspondingly, the risk index is a manifestation of multi-variable analysis involving subsurface uncertainty and price. A nine clusters "tactical board" matrix is provided as the outcome of PRIME to define generic strategy & action plans. The PRIME analysis leads to a dual theme of perspective: both macro and micro-scale. The macro-scale discovers a diversification of strategy and scenario development to achieve long-term objectives. Whereas, micro-scale perspective generates a detailed action plan in a particular cluster as a representation of the short and mid-term corporate strategy. Several strategies and action plans have been recommended, including advanced technology implementation, new gas commercialization, additional incentives in the Production Sharing Contract, tax management renegotiation, and project portfolio rebalancing
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Baah, David, Julaunica Tigner, Bernard Britton, and Tamara Floyd-Smith. "Microfluidics for Controlled Production of Thin Films and Particles." In ASME 2012 Third International Conference on Micro/Nanoscale Heat and Mass Transfer. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/mnhmt2012-75108.
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Tailored materials with nano to micron dimensions are becoming increasingly important for niche applications in optics, personnel protection and biomedicine. Microfluidics is a robust platform for producing these tailored materials because of the spatial control that can be realized in microfluidic systems due to laminar flow profiles and small dimensions. For this work, a pre-polymer solution, consisting of water, polyethylene glycol diacrylate (PEGDA) and a photo-initiator, flows through a microfluidic channel. For the general scheme, the pre-polymer is exposed to UV light in the microfluidic channel to crosslink the polymer. Depending on the application, the model pre-polymer, PEGDA, may need to be substituted with a different photo-polymerizable pre-polymer to address issues such as chemical compatibility and moisture stability prior to commercialization. Nonetheless, proof-of-concept is demonstrated using PEGDA with results that are transferrable to other photo-polymerizable pre-polymers. For this work, two distinct applications will be presented. In one application, the pre-polymer has a graded profile of nanoparticles. The nanoparticles modify the refractive index of the heterogeneous material and allow light to be directed through the material according to Snell’s Law. When the pre-polymer solution is polymerized, a thin film with a controlled refractive index profile is produced with potential for waveguiding applications. In a second application, the light is masked during UV exposure to produce particles instead of thin films. The particles can be of any two-dimensional extruded shape. If the pre-polymer solution is loaded with ceramic nanoparticles and sintered, ceramic particles that retain the shape of the original composite particle are produced. To date, numerous particle cross sections of polymeric particles and limited ceramic particles have been demonstrated with applications in liquid body armor, abrasives and drug delivery.
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Hakman, Anna, Larisa Balațcaia, Svetlana Duditkaia, and Natalia Hnes. "The effect of crossfit engagement on the body mass of mature men." In The International Scientific Congress "Sports. Olimpysm. Health". SOH 2023. 8th Edition. The State University of Physical Education and Sport, 2025. https://doi.org/10.52449/soh23.23.
Full textAbstract:
Actuality. CrossFit was developed as a universal method capable of increasing the overall functionality of the body as soon as possible. Due to its simplicity, accessibility and real effectiveness, this functional training has earned worldwide popularity among different population groups. CrossFit circuit training uses cyclical exercises (cardio), exercises with your own weight and with weights. A large selection of basic exercises allows you to make interesting complexes (WOD) depending on the place and the equipment that is available. CrossFit exercises involve large muscle groups, so regular sessions, even if you only work with your own body weight, can soon significantly improve your overall physical condition and pull the body.. Despite the large number of studies carried out in recent years by domestic and foreign authors, regarding the use of various means of improving fitness and recreation in the process of classes with persons of mature age, issues related to the use and evaluation of the effectiveness of various forms and means of CrossFit training for mature men remain without sufficient attention. Currently, the commercialization of the field of sports and health services has contributed to the appearance of a wide variety of author's programs, which are often very difficult to evaluate due to the lack of information about their scientific basis. The study of this issue is especially relevant in the organization of improving fitness classes using CrossFit for mature men. Purpose of the research - theoretical substantiation and development of the methodology of health classes with CrossFit elements for men aged 40-49. Methods of research: analysis, summarization of materials; anthropometry; dynamometry; cardiointervalometry method; pedagogical testing; pedagogical experiment; mathematical and statistical methods. The duration of the developed program of the cycle of improving fitness classes with elements of CrossFit for mature men was one calendar year. According to the program, men practiced 3 times a week, the duration of the classes was 90 minutes. The program included fitness classes with CrossFit elements, aimed at increasing the aerobic capacity of the body, the level of general and special physical preparadness, technical mastery of performing CrossFit exercises, functional state, normalization of body weight. Also, the program included control of physical state, consisting of assessment of general and specific physical preparedness, functional state. At the end of each month, the functional state was examined. Four times a year, after every three months of improving health classes, an assessment of physical preparadness was conducted, which included testing of general and special physical preparadness and evaluation of the obtained test results using developed evaluation scales taking into consideration the age of men. In the program of the cycle of health classes with elements of CrossFit for men aged 40-49 years, the emphasis was more on improving the functional state of those who engage in. During which CrossFit elements were used and combined with other physical exercises (aerobic and anaerobic, aimed at developing strength, agility, speed, coordination, general endurance). With the purpose to find out the effectiveness of the developed program of improving health classes with CrossFit elements, studies were conducted aimed at determining anthropometric indicators, physical indicators of preparadness and functional state of mature men (aged 40-49), representatives of experimental and control groups. The distribution of participants was carried out by random distribution, as the respondents had the same initial data on the health state, physical preparedness and experience of classes. 60 men aged 40-49 were involved in the developed cycle of health-oriented programs with CrossFit elements for persons of mature age, who made up the experimental and control groups, including the same number of people (n=30). Pedagogical experiment lasted for one year. The men who participated in the testing provided medical certificates stating that they are in good health and can attend health-oriented classes, and have no contraindications to physical activity. Findings and results. As the pedagogical experiment showed, these classes had a positive effect on body weight and body mass index indicators. Before the pedagogical experiment, in both research groups there were equally overweight men whose BMI was in the range of 25.0 c.u. to 29.9 c.u. and obesity of the first degree, their BMI was equal to 30 - 34 c.u.figureFig. 1. Distribution of mature men with normal and overweight body weight before and after the pedagogical experimentAfter the pedagogical experiment, the percentage ratio changed (Fig. 1). In the experimental group, 63.3% of the participants were already of normal weight. The number of men with obesity decreased from 23.3 to 3.3%. Obviously, the share of those who exercise remained overweight - 33.3%. But if we pay attention to the fact that the classes were not aimed at reducing body weight, and the normalization of weight depends not only on motor activity, but on the whole complex - quality, quantity, nutrition, drinking regime, taking pharmaceuticals, etc., then the positive effect of the developed complex of health-improving class with CrossFit elements is obvious. In the control group, no positive changes were noted. On the contrary, after the experiment, the percentage of men with obesity of the first degree increased slightly. Conclusions and recommendations. As a result of our research, we came to the conclusion that CrossFit classes have a positive effect on the physical state of mature men, directly on the normalization of body weight. After all, CrossFit is a high-intensity fitness program that combines elements of strength training, cardiovascular exercises and functional movements. Further studies will be aimed at investigating the impact of CrossFit classes on the psycho-physiological indicators of mature men.