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Houweling, Stefan [Verfasser]. "Commercialization of academic research / Stefan Houweling." Siegen : Universitätsbibliothek der Universität Siegen, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1142002071/34.
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Fu, Xiao. "Commercialization of university research : the case of Nanjing, China." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/44544.
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The Chinese government is propelling commercialization of university research as a strategy to boost industrial innovation and upgrade economic structure. Nanjing, the national third largest hub of science and technology (S&T) resources, was selected in 2009 as the only pilot city for comprehensive S&T institutional reform. Based on in-depth key informant interviews, site visits and documents collected from multi-sources, this study examines the framework conditions as well as specific mechanisms of university research commercialization in Nanjing. This research also strives to broaden and deepen the existent literature on university-industry liaison in China, which is detected as empirically narrow, theoretically thin and analytically shallow. Following an introduction (chapter 1) and a literature review (chapter 2), a China-specific model to analyze regional/local innovation is designed based on a critical review of the development trajectory of innovation theories (chapter 3). Employing this theoretical tool, the multi-layer policies, institutions and programs set up by multi-scalar governments to govern innovation and technology commercialization in Nanjing are depicted and interrogated (chapter 4). At a conceptual level, this multi-layer framework apparatus displays a pattern of “hierarchical amplification”, which the author argues has led to propensities of overcapacity, irrationality and “mission creep” in China’s efforts at boosting innovation. Empirically, four sets of university-affiliated research commercialization channels operating under the multi-layer framework in Nanjing are studied – 1) university technology transfer offices, 2) enterprise-college-institute cooperation platforms, 3) university science parks, and 4) university spin-off companies (chapter 5). This thesis concludes by summarizing the research and identifying impediments in the current university research commercialization regime (chapter 6).
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Vice, President Research Office of the. "Bridging the Commercialization Gap." Office of the Vice President Research, The University of British Columbia, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/2668.
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Wehby, Richard George 1957. "Patents and licensing and the commercialization of academic biomedical research." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/28593.
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Thesis (S.M.)--Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology; and, (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Engineering Systems Division, Technology and Policy Program, 2004.Vita.
Includes bibliographical references (leaf 72).
This thesis is part of a larger body of research being undertaken by Dr. Fiona Murray and colleagues examining value creation and sharing between and among the three principal players in the commercialization of academic biomedical research: universities, biotech firms, and big pharma. The Recombinant Capital database provided access to contracts for biomedical technology licensed from academe to biotech, and also subsequent contracts that included that same technology from biotech to big pharma. These two contracts comprise a contract "pair". Importantly, these contract "pairs" were unredacted, that is., all parts of the contracts, including the commercial terms, were available. This thesis will lay the foundation for later work by examining the contracts between university and biotech, from the University's point of view. The goal is to identify factors that give the university more power in a pricing negotiation, and that predict higher economic value for the contract. The Specific Aim is to determine if certain University factors have a significant effect on predicting the economic value of the university-biotech licensing agreement. Four groups of readily quantifiable factors that contain attributes that might add power to the University in its pricing negotiation with the Biotech firm were identified: Institutional factors, Single Inventor factors, Aggregate factors, and Invention factors. The hypothesis is that at least one of these factors will have a significant effect on predicting the value of the licensing agreement, as determined using ordinary- and multiple-linear regression models. In formulistic terms, the null- and test-hypotheses are: (HO) no factor has a significant effect on predicting economic value, and (HI) at least one
(cont.) one factor has a significant effect on predicting economic value. A multiple regression model of the factors as explanatory variables for the economic value of the license revealed that two independent university factors significantly predict economic value of the contract. These combined factors account for 64% of the variance of the dependent variable (in excess of control), and have coefficients that are significant (p < 0.001). The results are discussed in the context of its importance to university technology transfer officers, biotech firms and venture capitalists.
by Richard George Wehby.
S.M.
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Zhou, Yu. "Investigation of Research Commercialization at a University: A Case Study." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/52037.
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With the increase of awareness and focus on university research commercialization, much research had been conducted to investigate this subject. It was revealed that because universities were not traditionally built to serve the purpose of commercialization, many obstacles existed in the path of university research commercialization. Historically, research had largely focused on identifying critical factors that impacted the performance of commercialization. However, it was not clear how those findings could be systematically incorporated into the commercialization improvement plan of individual cases. This research intended to fill this gap and provide a framework that could be used by most universities to access and improve their research commercialization process.
A case study of a U.S. land-grant university was conducted and a narrative approach was mainly used as the method of data analysis. Under the scope of a single-case study, four sub-studies were conducted to address the goals of this research. First, a framework was developed that incorporated theories of existing research and the value stream map of lean management. Interviews with the intellectual property office and faculty were conducted to determine if the theoretical framework was applicable. It was found that the framework fitted well with the current process of university research commercialization. After that, a survey that covered a sample size of 1110 researchers at the targeted university was conducted to investigate the importance of different resources at different stages of the process. Resources that were under investigation were grouped into four categories: technical, human, social, and financial resources. This research identified the most important resources for research commercialization were industrial connections (social resource) and assistance from the intellectual property (IP) office (human resource), with industrial connections playing a more importance role at the beginning of the process and the IP office from the stage of patent application. To assess organizational characteristics of the targeted university, interviews were conducted with 22 faculty, three representatives from the administration, one representative from the intellectual property office, and one representative from an external organization. Six criteria derived from previous research were used to guide the assessment: (1) expenditures on research and development (RandD), (2) intellectual property policy, (3) research field, (4) key individuals, (5) commitment to innovation, and (6) networking with external relations. It was found that the targeted university had strong evidence of the advantages of expenditures on RandD and research field, however, it was relatively weak in the other four characteristics. The last part of the research involved interviews with two companies for the purpose of developing a best practice for research commercialization with the examples from the industry. Recommendations to improve targeted university's research commercialization were developed based on findings of the research.Ph. D.
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Abu-Talib, Noraini. "Commercialization and its discontents." Thesis, University of Stirling, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/390.
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Since the late 1990s the government of Malaysia has increased emphasis on its Intensification of Research in Priority Areas (IRPA) program, focusing scientific research in universities and government research institutes (GRIs) on activities most likely to enhance national economic performance. The IRPA’s main purpose is to fund commercially viable research for the benefit of business. However, its 2001 mid-term review showed its rates and volumes of commercialization and technology transfer (CTT) to be inadequate. This study aimed to explain the perceived low rate of adoption and commercialization of scientific knowledge in manufacturing in Malaysia by exploring the actions of companies, universities and GRIs. Two main models of technical change, the Technik and the STH ones, were used. Fieldwork was carried out in Malaysia. Purposive sampling led to selection of 60 interviewees: 23 managers and professionals from companies, 17 scientists, eight Technology Transfer Office officers, six senior research administrators, three venture capitalists, two journalists and a politician. The interviews were open-ended. It was seen that research findings were not always relevant to company interests, and companies often preferred their own or adopted, sometimes reverse-engineered, technology. Government CTT funds did not help much in with design, prototypes and pilot plants. Inadequate communication and lack of trust influenced the low uptake of research findings. The commercial relevance of much scientific research was questioned. More government support for company risk-taking appeared to be needed. Differences in attitude and poor understanding of policies and principles tended to contribute to low uptake. Managers, professional, scientists, Technology Transfer Officers, senior research administrators, venture capitalists needed more flexibility, knowledge and skills to respond to profit-driven research findings. A specifically Malaysian approach to CTT was advocated.
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Metla, Chandra Mohan Reddy. "Research faculty, entrepreneurship and commercialization : the case of Kansas State University." Thesis, Manhattan, Kan. : Kansas State University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/505.
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Lacetera, Nicola. "The organization of research activities in industry and academia : implications for the commercialization of university research." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/37113.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management, 2006."June 2006."
Includes bibliographical references.
This dissertation is composed of three essays. In the first essay, I build a model of the choice and timing of entry into commercial activities by an academic research team, and analyze the returns and costs of these activities. I compare the behavior and performance of the academic team to an industrial research team. The two teams are assumed to differ in their objectives, governance modes, and incentive systems. I show that, while in some cases academic scientists are more reluctant to commercialize research, in other cases they may commercialize faster than profit-seeking firms would - and perform less basic research. Academic and non-academic scientists also select different projects, and this may explain the good performance of 'academic entrepreneurs' found in several empirical studies. In the light of these results, I interpret the mixed evidence on the success of, and the arguments in favor and against, the involvement of universities into business-related research activities. In the second essay, I define a model of a firm's choice of whether to conduct research in-house or to outsource it to academic research teams.
(cont.) I exploit the fact that companies and universities have different missions, and model the different authority structures implied by different organizational choices in the conduct of research. Outsourcing a project to a university allows a firm to commit not to terminate or alter a scientifically valuable project before completion. This commitment is potentially valuable for the firm in an environment where scientific value and economic value may not coincide, and scientific workers are responsive to the incentives defined by their community of peers. I then formulate some empirical predictions about the kind of research activities firms will outsource to universities, and activities on which they will exert stronger control. I confront these hypotheses with empirical evidence from a sample of industry-university research agreements, as well as from other analyses and case studies, and find patterns consistent with my model. In the third essay, I analyze the restrictions on publication and control over the research agenda for universities and other 'open-science' research organizations, in a sample of biotechnology research contracts where the sponsor party is a for-profit company.
(cont.) I find that stronger publication restrictions appear to be more frequent in projects concerning earlier phase research and projects with longer duration. Research teams based in hospitals have significantly lower publication delays. Longer project duration is also strongly correlated with higher authority of the sponsoring firm over the direction of research. Teams in more prestigious research organizations tend to be subjected to lesser control by the sponsor company.
by Nicola Lacetera.
Ph.D.
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Mir, Rizwan, and Hassan Muhammad Ahsan. "Managing Commercialization of Academic research : A Case Study of Umea University, Sweden." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Handelshögskolan vid Umeå universitet, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-47769.
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Background and Research Problem: Universities are complex and diversified institutions playing an active role in society. Besides education and research universities are now assigned a new role of commercialization of academic research. There is pressure on universities to act as a bridge for transfer of knowledge to industries and generate resources. As this role of commercialization is comparatively new for the universities so they face challenges and difficulties in managing commercialization along with education and research. In order to overcome these challenges some support structures has been introduced in the form of Technology Transfer Office (TTO) or Industry Liaison Office (ILO). As the role and support structures are new, so there is a need to develop such a managerial system which can better integrate the activities related to commercialization of academic research. Research Purpose: This is a case study of Umeå University conducted to understand and evaluate the commercialization activities and functioning of support structures. The specific purpose is to investigate and suggest that, how universities having support structures but lacking success stories and track records, should manage its commercialization activities. Method: Qualitative research methods are used and semi-structured interviews have been conducted from eight respondents. Umeå University has been used as a case study. Concluding Comments: On the basis of this study we would like to comment that, Umeå University is committed to perform its third role of contribution towards society and there is adequate infrastructure available in terms of support structures. But still as this role is new for the university and carrying on commercialization activities while insuring freedom of research is a challenging task. So, a detailed evaluation of existing support structures and reorganization of their existing activities is required. It may also require better understanding and communication of the concept of commercialization, generation of new ideas and a greater attention, both from the support structures and central management of the university.
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Lindström, Tom, and Stefan Silver. "Avoiding the innovation valley of death : Private sector commercialization of publicly funded research." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för industriell teknik och management (ITM), 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-217795.
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The Swedish Government annually distributes billions of SEK on different agencies, councils, and institutions with instructions to finance research initiatives that promote public benefit and Swedish competitiveness internationally. The expectations are that these initiatives are picked up by the private sector as soon as the research starts showing results and in this way reach all branches of society. Many companies actively utilize this to catch new innovations early but also to make use of research, so they do not have to finance these early phases themselves. With diverging incentives and many stakeholders from academia, public financiers, and the industry, it is often a long and bumpy road towards commercialization. The purpose of this study was primarily to identify obstacles and barriers that could arise along the road to commercialization. Secondly, it aims to map the aspects that need to be addressed and find out how to work around the barriers to increase the commercialization success rate. The study is performed with its basis in a large Swedish company within food science and agriculture that are currently active within the studied area. The study is built on three major methods; interviews, a survey, and a workshop. The interviews and the workshop was conducted with several representatives from the different groups of stakeholders such as project managers and industry supervisors, but also with less biased third parties such as external financiers and business coaches. The survey was deployed to researchers that has received public funding to conduct research within food science or agriculture. The interviews and the survey were aimed at mapping the different barriers but also at suggesting possible improvements meanwhile the workshop was aimed at providing insight to the interaction between the different stakeholders in a project. The results point to a variety of problems and barriers that need to be addressed to improve the outlook for co-funded R&D-projects. Amongst these, we found, for example lack of financial resources, collaboration between stakeholders, divergent goals, and business modeling. The results and the analysis also point to a number of measures to take within many of the areas that would help the projects. The primary conclusions of the study make up a model that takes project progress into account at the same time as it suggests proactive measures such as financing, goals, and collaboration as well as reactive measures such as business area integration and development companies to reduce the influence of the discovered barriers.Den svenska staten delar idag ut flera miljarder kronor till olika forskningsråd och myndigheter som ska finansiera forskning som bringar nytta till samhället och stärker svensk innovation och konkurrenskraft internationellt. Förhoppningen är att den privata sektorn ska ta vid när forskningen börjar nå resultat och på den vägen ta sig ut i samhällets alla grenar. Många företag drar idag aktivt nytta av detta för att fånga innovationer tidigt men också för att ta del av forskning utan att behöva stå för finansiering av de tidiga faserna. Med spridda incitament och många iblandade från akademin, industrin och staten kan det bli en lång och krokig väg till kommersialisering. Den här studien syftar i första steget till att identifiera alla hinder och barriärer som kan uppstå längs vägen mot kommersialisering i statligt och privat samfinansierad forskning och utveckling. Det andra steget syftar till att kartlägga vilka aspekter som måste adresseras och hur man kan arbeta runt barriärerna för att öka chanserna för lyckad kommersialisering. Studien är gjord utifrån ett stort svenskt företag inom livsmedel och lantbruk som är aktiva inom området i fråga. Studien bygger på tre huvudsakliga metoder; intervjuer, en enkät och en workshop. Intervjuerna och workshopen genomfördes med ett flertal projektledare och handläggare men även med mer oberoende parter såsom externa finansiärer och företagscoacher. Enkäten gick ut till forskare som fått statliga medel för att bedriva forskning inom livsmedel och lantbruk. Intervjuerna och enkäten syftade till att både kartlägga barriärer och att föreslå förbättringsåtgärder för att ta sig över barriärerna, medan workshopen endast syftade till att föreslå förbättringar. Resultaten pekar mot en mängd problem och barriärer som måste adresseras för att förbättra utsikterna för samfinansierade R&D-projekt. Bland dessa finner vi exempelvis brist på finansiellt kapital, samarbetssvårigheter mellan intressenter, divergerande mål och brist på affärsmodellering. Resultaten och analysen pekar även på ett flertal åtgärder inom många av områdena som skulle kunna hjälpa projekten framåt. Studiens slutsats utgörs till större delen av en modell som tar hänsyn till projektets framåtskridande samt proaktiva åtgärder såsom finansiering, målsättning och samarbete samt reaktiva åtgärder såsom integration mot affärsområden och utvecklingsbolag för att minska barriärernas inflytande över projekten.
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Wang, Chia-Chi. "Online solicitation management system for the Office of Technology Transfer and Commercialization." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2005. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/2950.
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The Online Solicitation Management System (OSMS) is a web-based system designed for California State University, San Bernardino's Office of Technology Transfer and Commercialization (OTTC) to run grant proposal solicitations more efficiently. The system accepts grant proposals, finds the best matched evaluators, calculates evaluation scores, and generated reports. Users in the system are divided into five (5) different roles: system administrator, program officer, staff, evaluator and applicant.
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Holmgren, Annie, and Simon Karlsson. "The process of technology commercialization : A case study of project CHRISGAS." Thesis, Jönköping University, JIBS, EMM (Entrepreneurship, Marketing, Management), 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-893.
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This thesis investigates, describes and understands the extensive process of technology commercialization. What stages there are, important aspects and implications. It is structured as a case analysis of project CHRISGAS development. CHRISGAS is a Swedish project, based in Värnamo, developing the technique of direct gasification of biomass to fuels.
The work has its origin in the debate of the imminent climate changes, where society needs to reduce its reliance on fossil fuels. The automotive sector (particularly transport) is significantly reliant. However, current attempts to transition to biofuels have not completely succeeded. New, efficient technologies must be commercialized, and the technology of wood gasification is said to be particularly promising for launching the next generation of biofuels.
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Hauksson, Árni G. (Árni Gudmundur) 1968. "The commercialization of university research discoveries : are university technology transfer offices stimulating the process?" Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/10063.
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Ustun, Teoman Emre 1976. "A study of commercialization factors in a Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) funded company." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/55247.
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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, System Design and Management Program, 2009.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 51-52).
A nation's ability to innovate is paramount for its success and survival among other nations. But capitalizing on these innovations and bringing them to the marketplace are what gives a nation its competitive edge and provide sustainable growth over time in this highly dynamic global economy. In the United States' complex innovation ecosystem, small businesses and entrepreneurs play a crucial role in innovating new technologies and commercializing them. Indeed many of the nation's large, successful and innovative firms started out as small entrepreneurial firms. Microsoft, Intel, AMD, FedEx, Qualcomm, Adobe are examples to these firms. These small entrepreneurial firms with new ideas need to garner fair amount of funding before they can bring their ideas into the marketplace. However for entrepreneurial companies with science based innovative ideas, due to the unproven nature of these ideas and the lack of sufficient public information, there exist knowledge asymmetries. Therefore possibility of getting direct venture capital and/or angel investment becomes very slim for these firms unless the idea's commercial potential is obviously clear or a customer is already available. To address this early stage financing gap and to increase private sector commercialization of innovations, the Federal government offers funding through its three phase private-public partnership innovation program, called Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) program.
(cont.) The purpose of this study is to investigate the existence of any correlations between commercialization of SBIR funded projects, specifically Phase II programs, and various characteristics of the involved entities in attempt to enhance commercialization performance of an SBIR funded company. We hope that the results of this study will be practical in defining commercialization strategies to achieve faster and stronger capitalization on R&D investment for both the awarded company and the federal government and hence the tax payers.
by Teoman E. Ustun.
S.M.
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Colyvas, Jeannette Anastasia. "From divergent meanings to common practices : institutionalization processes and the commercialization of university research /." May be available electronically:, 2007. http://proquest.umi.com/login?COPT=REJTPTU1MTUmSU5UPTAmVkVSPTI=&clientId=12498.
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Culatta, Richard Edward. "Extending the reach of educational research : applying product commercialization processes to communities of practice /." Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2006. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd1799.pdf.
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Culatta, Richard Edward. "Extending the Reach of Educational Research: Applying Product Commercialization Processes to Communities of Practice." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2007. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/1047.
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The ability to extend educational research beyond the research community could have a great impact on end-users such as teachers, students, or educational administrators. One way to extend the use of educational research is to create tangible educational products; such as virtual simulations, instructional videos, and printed materials; which can be easily and widely distributed. In order to transform research into products, members of the research community must adopt and implement certain product commercialization processes. Effective processes, if not recognized by members of the community, are not helpful for ensuring that quality end products are reached. Likewise, a supportive community would not be able to create successful products without clear processes for doing so. For this reason, this study relied on research on communities of practice and product commercialization to set the foundation for discovering how a product commercialization community could be established. Interviews with faculty and administrators of the McKay School of Education at Brigham Young University were conducted. Qualitative methodology was used in the analysis of the interview data to allow themes to emerge that were important to the researchers. These themes included issues of project funding, human support, time, marketing experience, interaction with existing products, faculty reward system, and community structure and communication practices. Based on analysis of the interviews, the researcher identified several guidelines that would assist administrators in strengthening a community of educational product development among the members of the research community. These guidelines included focusing on motivators other than money, improving communication among members of the community and administrators, adding structure to the existing community, and conducting “quick-win" pilot programs. While this study did not attempt to implement any of these suggestions, it is anticipated that the results will provide a useful foundation for future studies addressing the issue in greater depth.
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Kim, Jisun. "Study of the Performance and Characteristics of U.S. Academic Research Institution Technology Commercialization (ARITC)." PDXScholar, 2011. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/494.
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This dissertation aims to provide a better understanding of the technology licensing practices of academic research institutions. The study identifies time durations in licensing and incorporates these into a model to evaluate licensing performance. Performance is measured by the efficiency of an institution's technology licensing process and efficiency changes over time, using Association of University Technology Managers annual survey data from 1991 to 2007. Organizational characteristics influencing the licensing performances of 46 U.S. research institutions also are explored. The study resulted in a new approach that integrates the identification of time lags in licensing, analysis of efficiency change, and exploration of the influence of organizational characteristics on efficiency change. A super-efficiency variable returns to scale data envelopment analysis (DEA) model was applied to the time-lag neutralized licensing data, to measure the efficiency of U.S. research institutions' licensing performance over time. The study also includes an innovative approach to resolving issues with the super-efficiency DEA model, including mathematical infeasibility and zero-data issues. The licensing mechanisms included in the study are disclosure, patent applications, patents issued, licenses and options executed, start-ups, and licensing income. The time duration from expenditure to licensing income, including all intermediating licensing processes, ranged from 2 to 27 years. The study identified the organizational characteristics related to licensing practice. Academic prestige and research quality are positively related to disclosure, patents granted, and start-up. The resources of a technology licensing office influences the number of licensing agreements, whereas licensing office experience has a positive relationship with start-ups. Increased licensing resources improve the efficiency of licensing practices, and a research institution with more dedicated licensing staff has improved licensing productivity. Private institutions improved their licensing practice more than public ones during the study period. On the other hand, institutions with a medical school demonstrated low efficiency. This dissertation fills a gap in the understanding of licensing practice and the organizational characteristics related to licensing performance. In addition, the study contributes to research methodology by providing a new approach to identifying time lags and improving the DEA method. The results, grounded in comprehensive observations over multiple time durations, provide an insight into the licensing practices of U.S. research institutions. The dissertation presents recommendations for research institutions based on the relationships identified among academic prestige, research intensity, organizational characteristics of the technology licensing office, and licensing performance.
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Elliott, Cynthia, Jason Dewland, Jennifer R. Martin, Sandra Kramer, and Sr John J. Jackson. "Collaborate and Innovate: The Impact of Academic Librarians on the Commercialization of University Technology." TAYLOR & FRANCIS, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/624672.
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The University of Arizona Library, in collaboration with the campus commercialization unit, created a partnership that contributes to the early development of inventions in the commercialization pipeline. The library-commercialization business intelligence workgroup was incorporated into the overall campus
commercialization business-development workflow in 2014 and is comprised of librarians and commercialization professionals working together to provide insight and decision support for development
of commercialization strategies for inventions emerging from university research that aligns with market drivers. These efforts are recognized by university leadership as critical to the strategic plan
of the university. This article discusses the impact of the workgroup and how the group of librarians contributed to the development of new companies, new licenses, and financial impact of economic development at a large land-grant university and larger community.
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Narasimhan, Anirudhan. "Commercialization of HFAC Electronic Nerve Block Technology to Treat Chronic Post Surgical Pain." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1290641992.
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Pries, Fred. "Build, Rent and Sell: Options for Commercializing New Technologies Arising from University Research." Thesis, University of Waterloo, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10012/822.
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This research investigates the strategic governance choices made in commercializing new technologies arising from university research. Departing from the traditional licensing vs. start-up approach, it is proposed that there are three primary methods of commercializing these technologies: 1) Build ? creating a new business based on the technology, 2) Rent ? ongoing development and marketing of the technology to established firms that use the technology in their businesses and 3) Sell ? disposition of the technology to an established firm.
Using economic theories of the firm, particularly transaction cost economics, it is hypothesized that:
- the build option is positively associated with firms deriving revenue primarily from product market activity (H1a) and expending resources on both technology development activities and production activities (H2a);
- the rent and sell options are positively associated with firms deriving revenue primarily from technology market activity (H1b) and expending resources on technology development activities but not on production activities (H2b).
- the greater the patent or other legal protection (H3), the risk of substitutes (H5) or the dynamism associated with the technology (H8), the greater the likelihood that the technology will be commercialized using the rent option;
- the greater the tacitness and complexity (H4) or the greater the volatility associated with the technology, the greater the likelihood that the technology will be commercialized using the build or sell options; and
- the greater the importance of specialized complementary assets, the greater the likelihood that the technology will be commercialized using the sell option (H6).
Hypotheses H1a/b, H2a/b and H3 are supported and Hypothesis H7 received more limited support. Evidence for Hypothesis H5 is in the predicted direction but failed to achieve statistical significance. Hypotheses H4, H5, H6 and H8 are not supported.
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Goodman, Bryce. "Commercialization of Epineural Conduits for Enhancement of Nerve Regeneration in Segmental Nerve Defects." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1340649008.
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スコット, レヴァース マリン, and Merlin Scott Levirs. "Network indicators of Japan's academics' value-adding practices from their intellectual capital : insights from pharmaceutical industry commercialization data." Thesis, https://doors.doshisha.ac.jp/opac/opac_link/bibid/BB12864062/?lang=0, 2013. https://doors.doshisha.ac.jp/opac/opac_link/bibid/BB12864062/?lang=0.
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大学における知的財産の事業化に関して、バイドール法の施行に伴う日本と米国の影響は異なる結果となった。バイドール法は、日本の大学における研究活動活性化に対して、重要な影響を与えていなかったのに対し、米国では大学における研究活動を活性化させるのに寄与したと判断できる。また、発明を商業化するための特許取得に関する行動でも、影響の小さかった日本に対し、米国では発明からの収益を最大化させるような行動を高めたことが示された。Liberalizations of Japan's and America's policies on academics' intellectual property commercialization resulted in different outcomes. Japan's results show no significant change resulting from liberalization, while US results showed both significant improvement in academics' retention of research work after the system changed and that improvement aligned US academics with the level of participation present in Japan both before and after its policy change. This overlapping finding suggests that Japan's academics were already optimally involved in inventive activities when liberalization occurred.
博士(技術経営)
Doctor of Philosophy in Technology and Innovative Management
同志社大学
Doshisha University
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Hettinger, Kevin R., and Mario Gonzalez. "The Defense small business innovation research and small business technology transfer programs: implementation of the commercialization pilot program and related reforms." Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/10757.
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Joint Applied ProjectIn Section 252 of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal 2006, "Research and Developments Efforts for purposes of Small Business Research," Congress adopted four wide-ranging reforms to the Defense Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) and Small Business Technology Transfer (STTR) programs in order to increase the effectiveness of SBIR and STTR for both the DoD and the defense industry. First, Section 252 directed closer alignment between RandD and acquisition goals of SBIR and STTR. Second, Section 252 authorized and funded creation by the Defense (DoD) and the military services of the Commercialization Pilot Program (CPP) to facilitate transition of SBIR technologies into the acquisition process. Congress conditioned the use of CPP funds on detailed evaluative reporting to Congress. Third, Congress codified into statutory law President George W. Bush's Executive Order 13329, Encouraging Innovation in Manufacturing, which incentivized manufacturing technologies through the SBIR and STTR programs. Fourth, Congress clarified the authority to conduct testing and evaluation of SBIR and STTR technologies in SBIR and STTR Phases II and III. The implementation requirements were specified in the text of Section 252 and the Congressional Guidance Letter issued by the House and the Senate Small Business Committees. This study analyzes the implementation of Section 252 by the Secretaries of Defense, the Army, the Navy, and the Air Force. It reflects the results of literature review and a survey of SBIR and STTR program executives The study questions are based on Section 252 text and the Congressional Guidance letter, as well as best practices identified in relevant academic and professional literature. The study finds that, while the DoD and the military departments have begun implementation of the DoD SBIR CPP program and other Section 252 reforms, progress is uneven. Specifically, agencies are not implementing section 252 CPP incentives and RandD alignment requirements to the fullest extent possible. The study recommends clarifications of legislative requirements and additional review of Section 252 implementation.
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SOUSA, WILLY H. de. "Institutos tecnologicos multidisciplinares: contribuicoes para uma reestruturacao institucional e organizacional." reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 2000. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/10838.
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Dissertacao (Mestrado)
IPEN/D
Faculdade de Economia, Administracao e Contabilidade, Universidade de Sao Paulo - FEA/USP
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Thomas, Elisa. "The role of intermediaries in collaborative research and development projects." Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos, 2014. http://www.repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/4741.
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CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
It has long been stated in the literature the effects of collaboration to innovation, especially regarding research and development (R&D) activities. However, these are dynamic empirical fields. Therefore theoretical approaches face constant challenges to understand and explain the new evidences. Due to the limited scope and scale of organizations to search and identify partners with complementary knowledge and resources, and to select those with potential to effectively cooperate for R&D, there is an increasing emergence of agents who provide these services in the market. Called intermediaries or brokers, they influence the interaction among organizations with the common goal of innovation. Still, the literature has reported that the intermediary may play an important set of functions for R&D projects not limited to the search of partners. This thesis is therefore mainly concerned with the influence of innovation intermediaries in the context of collaborative R&D projects, suggesting a conceptual framework on the role of intermediaries. The framework emphasises that R&D collaboration goes beyond dyadic relationships usually highlighted in the literature. The roles of intermediaries provide an important additional dimension in collaborative R&D projects. The empirical part of the thesis explored three case studies: Force for Elastomers, from the Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul in Brazil; the Orange Service Call and Reward project undertaken by the National Endowment for Science, Technology and the Arts (NESTA) for Orange; and the StarStream project from the University of Southampton, both in the United Kingdom. The results confirmed the influence of innovation intermediaries in most of the critical elements of a R&D project. The study advances the understanding of the influence of intermediaries for the beginning of a new project between partners. The analyses also show that intermediaries influence especially through the search for possible partners and the management of the relationship. However, the activities of research and knowledge production as well as activities of development and prototyping were not directly influenced by intermediaries. The stage after R&D, when the partners had reached positive results from activities, received a major influence from intermediaries who helped the firms to protect the inventions and to value and commercialize the new technology. Research outcomes still reveal that there is still a lack of measurements about intermediaries’ effectiveness and therefore firms involved in partnerships cannot fully evaluate their role.
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Kvarnström, Daniel, and Amanda Mannervik. "ORD, TID & PENGAR : En kvalitativ studie av hinder och motsättningar i arbetsprocessen med forskningskommersialisering i högskolenära inkubatorer." Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för innovation, design och teknik, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-18272.
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Uppsatsens syfte är att undersöka vilka hinder och motsättningar som rådgivare och forskare upplever i forskningskommersialiseringsprocessen inom högskolenära inkubatorer. Studien bör ses som en förstudie för att i ett senare skede kunna skapa en effektiv innovationsprocessmodell för högskolenära inkubatorer. Uppsatsens frågeställningar har undersökts ur ett innovationstekniskt perspektiv med hjälp av teorier om bland annat inkubatorer, innovationsprocesser och akademiskt entreprenörskap. Resultatet visar att det finns ett antal kulturkrockar som medför risk för att rådgivare och forskare talar förbi varandra. Andra hinder och motsättningar i forskningskommersialiseringsprocessen är skillnader i språkbruk, forskarens multipla roller, uppfattningar om arbetstempo samt att matchningen mellan entreprenör och forskare är svårorganiserad och tidskrävande.This essay seeks to examine which obstacles and oppositions business coaches and researchersexperience in the research commercialization process in university business incubators. This studyshould be seen as a pre-study with the intention of contributing to later on building a newinnovation process model for university business incubators. Essay questions have been examinedfrom the perspective of innovation technology and are linked to theories about incubators,innovation processes and academic entrepreneurship. The result is that there is a number of culturalclashes that brings along a risk for misunderstandings between business coaches and researchers.Other obstacles and oppositions in the research commercialization process is differences inlinguistic use, the multiple roles of the researcher, interpretation of working pace and also that thematching between researcher and entrepreneur is time-consuming and hard to organize.
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Sheen, Peter Bernard. "Managing Intellectual Property and Licensing: A Study on Cooperative Research Centres." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2005. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/16010/1/Peter_Sheen_Thesis.pdf.
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This thesis examines the perceived importance by two-tiered management of Cooperative Research Centres (CRCs) for managing a range of intellectual property issues. Fifty survey items are presented to the executive directors and
commercialization managers of 62 CRCs. The survey items are categorized under four themes: relationships with collaborators, project management; design and implementation of agreements; and specific licensing issues. An analysis of the data, using a series of independent samples t-tests, repeated measures t-tests, chi-square tests for independence or relatedness and goodness of fit, shows a range of results. There are significant differences between executive directors and commercialization
managers on a number of issues. There are particular emphases or trends about certain issues for the whole sample of managers.
These findings are compared with text analyses of 23 CRC strategic planning documents. This is done in order to explore any similarity, difference or nuance between what the managers say in response to the survey items, compared with what is stated in the codified policies of the CRCs. While there is a high degree of
consistency among certain themes between the two sets of findings, the overall analysis points to the need for the CRCs to have a better understanding and practice of commercialization opportunities, especially through the involvement of third party commercial interests. It is argued that accommodating third party commercialization interests involves the application of an important knowledge economy principle that has an important bearing on the future economic viability and competitiveness of the CRCs.
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Sheen, Peter Bernard. "Managing Intellectual Property and Licensing: A Study on Cooperative Research Centres." Queensland University of Technology, 2005. http://eprints.qut.edu.au/16010/.
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This thesis examines the perceived importance by two-tiered management of Cooperative Research Centres (CRCs) for managing a range of intellectual property issues. Fifty survey items are presented to the executive directors and commercialization managers of 62 CRCs. The survey items are categorized under four themes: relationships with collaborators, project management; design and implementation of agreements; and specific licensing issues. An analysis of the data, using a series of independent samples t-tests, repeated measures t-tests, chi-square tests for independence or relatedness and goodness of fit, shows a range of results. There are significant differences between executive directors and commercialization managers on a number of issues. There are particular emphases or trends about certain issues for the whole sample of managers. These findings are compared with text analyses of 23 CRC strategic planning documents. This is done in order to explore any similarity, difference or nuance between what the managers say in response to the survey items, compared with what is stated in the codified policies of the CRCs. While there is a high degree of consistency among certain themes between the two sets of findings, the overall analysis points to the need for the CRCs to have a better understanding and practice of commercialization opportunities, especially through the involvement of third party commercial interests. It is argued that accommodating third party commercialization interests involves the application of an important knowledge economy principle that has an important bearing on the future economic viability and competitiveness of the CRCs.
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Jonsson, Mathias, and Stefan Kristoffersson. "Evaluation of Inventions : ReducingTime in a DEAR Process." Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Management and Economics, 2003. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-1802.
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Legislative changes in the U.S. and more recently Germany, require universities and research institutes to act as entrepreneurs, something that is not necessarily in their nature. Therefore, a number of Technology Transfer Organizations or Evaluation Agencies have been established to handle the evaluation, patenting and commercialization of inventions. The process of evaluating inventions, in this thesis termed DEAR, poses two major challenges for evaluation agencies: (1) the process must be aimed at keeping the inventions that will generate revenues and filtering out those that will not; and (2) the time spent on evaluation should be kept to a minimum, but must never be reduced below the point where potential commercial successes will be lost. The purpose of this thesis is to benchmark the practices of evaluation agencies in order to establish whether time can be reduced in any part of the DEAR process and if so where. We find that there are aspects in almost every stage of the DEAR process that could be made more effective. For instance, it may be worthwhile for the German agencies to reflect on the fact that their U.S. counterparts generally seem to rely on the scientific information given in the disclosure. Also, even though valuation of inventions often becomes a case of"Garbage In - Garbage Out", such valuation may be worthwhile for younger agencies since it may signal that the DEAR process is conducted in a thorough and accurate manner.
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Lubua, Filipo. "From Innovation to Academic Entrepreneurship in Computer-Assisted Language Learning (CALL)." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1549936934116581.
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Delmotte, Alexandre. "Les aspects juridiques de la valorisation de la recherche." Thesis, Grenoble, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011GREND007.
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Depuis la loi du 15 juillet 1982, la valorisation des résultats de la recherche constitue l'une des missions de la recherche publique. Enjeu majeur du système de recherche français, l'objectif de valorisation a été saisi par le droit, qui tente, par différents moyens, de l'encourager et de l'organiser. La présente étude fait apparaître que la régulation juridique de la valorisation s'opère en deux temps. Dans un premier temps, le législateur s'efforce de rapprocher les sphères publique et privée, estompant la frontière qui les sépare, afin de faciliter la circulation des résultats de la recherche. La régulation institutionnelle de la valorisation passe ainsi par la création d'un cadre juridique favorable à son accomplissement, notamment par des incitations fiscales au profit des entreprises, des structures ad hoc destinées aux établissements et une adaptation du métier de chercheur. Dans un second temps, le législateur délègue aux établissements la charge de conjuguer la valorisation avec les autres missions de la recherche publique. Les établissements doivent alors concilier des objectifs parfois contradictoires. Pour ce faire, ils s'appuient sur le contrat pour reconstituer la frontière entre la recherche publique et les entreprises et réaliser la valorisation de leurs résultats. La souplesse et l'adaptabilité de la technique contractuelle permettent, avec des outils de droit commun – tels que les contrats d'entreprise ou de vente –, de valoriser l'ensemble des résultats de la recherche et des compétences des chercheurs. De cette manière, les établissements parviennent à sauvegarder leurs intérêts et, plus fondamentalement, ceux de la recherche publique, tout en accomplissant leur mission de valorisationL'auteur n'a pas fourni de résumé en anglais
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Fridholm, Tobias. "Working Together : Exploring Relational Tensions in Swedish Academia." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Kulturgeografiska institutionen, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-128861.
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This study explores the basic social conditions for high-quality university research, and focuses on research in science and technology in Sweden. Swedish research policy has adopted more of a market perspective on academic research and its role in society. This has meant the promotion of competition between researchers, increased focus on efficiency at universities, and attempts to make academia harmonize more with industry and other actors. How do such policies affect the variety of perspectives within the academic system? How do they affect the positions and identities of individual academics? These issues are discussed through the concept of "relational tensions". Relational tensions refer to social strains arising when interacting actors have different perspectives. Relational tensions can stimulate creativity, but may also cause unproductive conflicts. The discussion is underpinned by interviews with university researchers and a case study of Uppsala BIO-X, a program to commercialize university research in biotechnology. Typical cases of relational tensions are identified. These concern both interpersonal relations and differences between organized science and industry. A notable observation concerns potential frustration of individual academics, as competition and efficiency tends to make their positions and identities more contested. Researchers cope with relational tensions in three identified ways: socialization, seclusion, and lateral authority. Socialization is natural and often necessary, but reduces the variety of perspectives. Seclusion serves to retain variety and independence, but reduces interaction with others. Lateral authority is to formally or informally lend a researcher more authority, which improves the chance of maintaining a variety of perspectives without reducing interaction. The sustained usefulness of academic research arguably depends on its ability to foster and communicate a variety of perspectives. Hence, (i) promoting lateral authority seems fruitful within academia and in relations between academia and industry, and (ii) encouraging competition and efficiency may to some extent be counterproductive.Research Excellence and Science-Based Industrial Systems
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Brantnell, Anders. "Exploitation of University-Based Healthcare Innovations : The Behaviors of Three Key Actors and Influencing Factors." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för kvinnors och barns hälsa, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-317934.
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Large resources are invested in healthcare research, but despite this there is a wide gap between research knowledge and healthcare practice. Implementation researchers have addressed this gap, focusing mostly on the role of healthcare practitioners. However, a narrow focus on implementation does not take into consideration the preceding stages and the roles of different actors during the whole innovation process, which starts from research and ends with implementation. The aim of this thesis is to examine the behaviors of three key actors during an innovation process and to explore the influence of selected contextual factors on their behavior. Study I (n=10 funders) identifies several facilitative roles for funders and suggests that implementation risks becoming no one’s responsibility as the funders identify six different actors responsible for implementation, the majority of whom embody a collective or an organization. Study II finds that the implementation knowledge of Swedish funding managers (n=18) is mostly based on experience-based knowledge. The majority of the funding managers define implementation as a process and express limited knowledge of implementation. The findings of Study III (n=4 innovation cases) show that the roles and involvement of academic inventors and ISAs (innovation-supporting actors) are more connected to intellectual property (IP) nature than to intellectual property rights (IPR) ownership. Study IV (n=4 innovation cases) identifies three different logics that influence the behavior of academic inventors: market, academic and care logics. A pattern emerges where the behavior of academic inventors is guided by a unique logic and there is no interaction between logics, despite the existence of multiple logics. The individual strategies to handle multiple logics coincide with the influence of logics. In addition, IP nature, distinguishing between high-tech and low-tech innovations, is connected to the influence of institutional logics: low-tech connected to the care logic and high-tech connected to the market logic. This thesis has three main theoretical and practical implications relevant for practitioners, policymakers and researchers. First, implementation responsibility is an important issue to study and discuss, because without clearly defined responsibilities and management of responsibilities, responsibility might become no one’s responsibility. Second, the finding that experience-based implementation knowledge contributes heavily to policymakers’ knowledge encourages further studies and discussions regarding this relatively neglected issue. Third, the importance of IP nature in shaping innovation processes should be considered and further examined, not only as a factor influencing inventors and ISAs’ roles and involvement, but also as influencing the prevalence of different institutional logics. Further, the relevance of a distinction between low-tech and high-tech IP should be reflected on.
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Liu, Zeting. "L’évolution des politiques du soutien l’innovation dans les PME en France : le cas de l'Anvar." Thesis, Paris, CNAM, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011CNAM0780/document.
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La France, comme d’autres pays, cherche à valoriser son excellence scientifique et à augmenter la compétitivité de ses petites et moyennes entreprises (PME) pour tirer plein profit de l’innovation et soutenir la croissance économique et l’emploi. Il n’y a pas, ni en France ni ailleurs, une politique spécifique de soutien à l’innovation dans les PME mais des politiques scientifiques et de la recherche industrielle, en particulier en faveur des petites entreprises, et des politiques d’innovation, dans lesquelles peuvent être identifiées des mesures spécifiques visant à promouvoir le développement technologique et l’innovation dans les PME. Cette étude s’intéresse à la façon dont en France, à travers les différentes époques, ces politiques publiques sont définies et organisées et s’interroge sur l’efficacité et l’impact des interventions publiques dans le développement de capacité d’innovation des PME françaises. Elle se déroule en trois parties, en respectant une chronologie historique correspondant aux grandes étapes de l’évolution des politiques depuis les années 1960-1970 jusqu’à présent. Ces trois parties analytiques sont enrichies par l’analyse du cas de l’Agence nationale de valorisation de la recherche (Anvar). A la fin de ce travail, nous suggérons que la France entre dans une phase critique où des réformes structurelles doivent être menées pour assurer le développement de la compétitivité des PME et de l’innovationFrance, like other countries, seeks to promote its scientific excellence and to increase the competitiveness of its small and medium enterprises (SMEs) by taking full advantage of innovation to sustain economic growth and employment. In France as in other countries, there is no specific policy to support innovation in SMEs but both science and industrial research policies, especially for small businesses, and innovation policies, in which can be identified specific measures to promote technological development and innovation in SMEs. This study focuses on "how", in France, such public policies are defined and organized through different periods and it questions the effectiveness and impact of public interventions aimed at developing French SMEs’ innovation capacity. The study is divided in three parts, following a historical chronology corresponding to major stages of political evolution from the years 1960-1970 till now. These three analytical parts are enriched by a case analysis of the French National Agency for Valorisation of the Research (Anvar). At the end of this study, we suggest that France is now entering a critical phase in which structural reforms have to be undertaken in order to ensure French SMEs’ innovation and competitiveness
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Liu, Zeting. "L’évolution des politiques du soutien l’innovation dans les PME en France : le cas de l'Anvar." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, CNAM, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011CNAM0780.
Full textAbstract:
La France, comme d’autres pays, cherche à valoriser son excellence scientifique et à augmenter la compétitivité de ses petites et moyennes entreprises (PME) pour tirer plein profit de l’innovation et soutenir la croissance économique et l’emploi. Il n’y a pas, ni en France ni ailleurs, une politique spécifique de soutien à l’innovation dans les PME mais des politiques scientifiques et de la recherche industrielle, en particulier en faveur des petites entreprises, et des politiques d’innovation, dans lesquelles peuvent être identifiées des mesures spécifiques visant à promouvoir le développement technologique et l’innovation dans les PME. Cette étude s’intéresse à la façon dont en France, à travers les différentes époques, ces politiques publiques sont définies et organisées et s’interroge sur l’efficacité et l’impact des interventions publiques dans le développement de capacité d’innovation des PME françaises. Elle se déroule en trois parties, en respectant une chronologie historique correspondant aux grandes étapes de l’évolution des politiques depuis les années 1960-1970 jusqu’à présent. Ces trois parties analytiques sont enrichies par l’analyse du cas de l’Agence nationale de valorisation de la recherche (Anvar). A la fin de ce travail, nous suggérons que la France entre dans une phase critique où des réformes structurelles doivent être menées pour assurer le développement de la compétitivité des PME et de l’innovationFrance, like other countries, seeks to promote its scientific excellence and to increase the competitiveness of its small and medium enterprises (SMEs) by taking full advantage of innovation to sustain economic growth and employment. In France as in other countries, there is no specific policy to support innovation in SMEs but both science and industrial research policies, especially for small businesses, and innovation policies, in which can be identified specific measures to promote technological development and innovation in SMEs. This study focuses on "how", in France, such public policies are defined and organized through different periods and it questions the effectiveness and impact of public interventions aimed at developing French SMEs’ innovation capacity. The study is divided in three parts, following a historical chronology corresponding to major stages of political evolution from the years 1960-1970 till now. These three analytical parts are enriched by a case analysis of the French National Agency for Valorisation of the Research (Anvar). At the end of this study, we suggest that France is now entering a critical phase in which structural reforms have to be undertaken in order to ensure French SMEs’ innovation and competitiveness
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Freedman, Skiöld Felicia, and Saba Hossein-Chi. "Du Är Vad Du Delar : En kvalitativ studie i hur tre svenska mikro- influencers på Instagram ser på sin roll i och med kommersialiseringen." Thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för konst, kommunikation och lärande, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-68540.
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Det digitala samhället kännetecknas av konstant utveckling och snabb föränderlighet, vilket har skapat rollen influencer: En person som används av företag och varumärken för att marknadsföra produkter eller tjänster. Denna studie fokuserar särskilt på influencerns egen bild av sitt yrke och genom att tematisera frågor utifrån teorier rörande kommersialisering, självpresentation, deltagarkultur och opinionsbildning. I studien undersöks hur tre utvalda svenska influencers inom mode och skönhet på Instagram ser på sin roll i och med kommersialiseringen vilket analyseras utifrån samma teorier inom medie- och kommunikationsvetenskapen som har nämnts ovan. Studien genomförs genom kvalitativa forskningsintervjuer där influencerna själva är utgångspunkten. Genom studien blir det tydligt att förstå hur kommersialiseringen har påverkat mediesamhället och tidigare roller har bytts ut. Kändisar är inte bara längre skådespelare och artister, opinionsledare behöver inte längre vara traditionella medier, en person kan ha olika roller i olika mediesammanhang och annonsering är inte längre något som går från producent till konsument. Utvecklingen av både medier och sociala kanaler har förändrat medielandskapet helt och de gränserna mellan avsändare och mottagare suddas ut. Det är inte bara marknadskommunikationen som har monopol på forskning rörande annonsering och marknadsföring. Avlutningsvis visar studien att influencerna har en sammansatt och komplex roll som uppstått i och med kommersialiseringen och är en följd utav en konvergens av det digitala medielandskapet.The digital society is characterized by constant development and rapid change, which has created the role influencer: A person used by companies and brands to market products or services. This study focuses on influencers own image of their occupation and by thematising issues based on theories of commercialization, self-presentation, participatory culture and opinion formation. The essay is exploring how three selected Swedish influencers in fashion and beauty at Instagram are looking at their role in commercialization which is analyzed on the basis of the same theories in media and communication science that have been mentioned above. The study is conducted through qualitative research interviews where the influencers themselves are the starting point. Through the study it becomes clear to understand how commercialization has affected the media community and previous roles have been replaced. Celebrities are no longer just actors and artists, opinion leaders no longer need to be traditional media, a person can have different roles in different media contexts and advertising is no longer something that goes from producer to consumer. The development of both media and social channels has changed the media landscape in so much as the boundaries between senders and recipients are being erased. It is not only market communication that has a monopoly on research relating to advertising and marketing. Lastly the study shows that influencers have a composite and complex role that has emerged through commercialization and is a consequence of a convergence of the digital media landscape.
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Kim, Hyung Hoon. "The influence of entrepreneurial activities on teaching at Universities in the United States." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/24821.
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This study is to investigate the influence of entrepreneurial activities on teaching at universities. Specifically, the study focuses on entrepreneurial activities' effect on professors' time allocation. The dataset analyzed was constructed from the survey conducted by University of Illinois at Chicago in 1998. The sample was drawn from American academic professional associations' members of the four fields: experimental biology, physics, mathematics, and sociology.
Based on the data of 133 professors, the study shows that professors with paid consulting work tend to spend less time in teaching when research activities are controlled. Insignificant are the other variables about entrepreneurial activities: patent application, industry funding, and research collaboration with industry. Also, more research time is likely to result in less teaching time. Insignificant are the other research-related variables: research funding at large and collaborative research in general.
In terms of personal and institutional conditions, assistant professors tend to invest more time in teaching than senior professors, but they are likely to reduce more time on teaching than their senior counterparts for increasing research time. Finally, biology and sociology professors tend to allocate less time to teaching than physics and mathematics professors. In a word, entrepreneurial activities and research tend to conflict with teaching at the level of individual professors' time allocation.
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Vice, President Research Office of the. "Newswire." Office of the Vice President Research, The University of British Columbia, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/2661.
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UBC's research community recently received a significant boost in financial support for five research hubs that will join the Centre for Brain Health as newly appointed national Centres of Excellence for Commercialization and Research (CECR).
Two UBC economics professors were recognized with separate Bank of Canada awards: the Research Fellowship 2008 and the Governor's Award.
UBC's Brain Research Centre has recevied $25 million from the Province of BC to establish a new facility focused on translational brain research.
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Huang, Yuan Yi, and 黃源億. "Research of TE Cooler Commercialization." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/kj96f5.
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碩士國立虎尾科技大學
光電工程系光電與材料科技碩士班
104
Environment increasingly hot conditions,People need refrigeration commodity Increasingly diverse ,To develop this new refrigeration commodity It has the following characteristics：Save power、performance、small、security. People need refrigeration commodity Will decide In this paper Thermoelectric Cooler topic Explore how Thermoelectric Cooler topic Four issues in commercialization process willencounter ：Save power、performance、small、security. Make a complete the study For example: product performance core element used in refrigeration conductor wafer
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Chen, Li-Jau, and 陳麗昭. "Research on independent inventor’s patent commercialization." Thesis, 2000. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/66557291101492820746.
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碩士國立雲林科技大學
企業管理技術研究所
88
ABSTRACT In recent years, the member of invention products has been largely increasing by hard-working independent inventors, at the same time, they often win related competitions overseas. However, few of those invention products are commercialized, and the reward rate of commercialization is always low. The intent of this study is first to realize the situation of commercialization and independent inventors in Taiwan; second to find out various difficulties of independent inventors in the process of patent commercialization; finally is to prove that the success of patent commercialization needs not only go with personal condition but also cooperate with industrial and regional environment. There are three steps to carry out the assumption: interview, telephonic survey, and questionnaire methods. Sample resources are the independent inventors of “Exhibition of invention” during 1994 to 1999. There had been totally 200 questionnaires, in the end 84 ones, 42% of them, are retrieved. There are several conclusions as following: 1.The invention situation of independent inventors 2.Most inventors have the experience of patent commercialization and the spirit of enterprise. 3. Independent inventors are fond of participation of invention competitions. Although they spend a lot, it doesn’t help too much. 4.The domestic environment of commercialization is not good for independent inventors to deal with patent commercialization. 5.When it comes patent commercialization, the whole environment in Taiwan provides enough resource in the process of production; however, capital, marketing route, human power, and counterfeit are great difficulties to inventors. 6.The more commercialization experiences, the fewer difficulties will inventors meet dealing with patent commercialization. However, those competition and prize records won’t do advantages to related difficulties of commercialization. 7.No matter how good relationships inventors do have, and no matter whether the industrial and regional environment provides rich elements of commercialization, it doesn’t do anything with related difficulties. 8.Inventors who have good commercial performance will perform better on searching for cooperating partners, controlling of marketing route, and obtaining of business lands. In addition, they often may get beneficial results in the negotiation of price with cooperation partners.
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Liang, Hsiang-Wen, and 梁翔雯. "Technology Commercialization of SMEs– SBIR participants as research target." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/x72d24.
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碩士國立中山大學
企業管理學系研究所
95
Under the age of knowledge economy, innovation has become the key step to success in this competitive world. The importance of innovation, especially technology innovation cannot be overemphasized. Technology innovations are the power that initiate and drive the evolution of our society and economy. Despite the essential importance of technology innovation, any technology innovation will be worthless without a proper commercialization. However, technology commercialization seldom becomes fully realized. The Taiwan government as well realizes the value of technology innovation and technology commercialization. Therefore, different types of funding plans or policies have passed every year to support and incubate the innovation and technology innovation development of Taiwan firms. Without exception, Taiwan also has SBIR programs to encourage small businesses to explore their technological potential and provide the incentive to profit from its commercialization. Nevertheless, more than half of the SBIR innovation projects fail in the process of commercialization. This study aims to provide a better understanding of factors that influence the technology commercialization of SMEs which participated in the Small Business Innovation Research Project (SBIR). The sample of 970 firms comprised 1169 SBIR projects with ending years between 1 to 5 years respectively. In addition, a detailed interview and case study on NanoWin Technology Co. Ltd was preceded. This paper has studied and constructed a conceptual framework and its associated case examples in its relationship with technology commercialization. The findings suggest three board strategies and ten related concepts that contribute to the success of technology commercialization in SMEs: R&D strategy (market demand oriented, time to market, outer resource arrangement and core technology competence); Marketing strategy (focus on niche markets, create customer values and apply 4P strategy); Business strategy (clear strategy target, value chain positioning and profitable business models).
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HUANG, HONG-JIE, and 黃泓傑. "The Research Development and Commercialization in Negative Hydrogen Ion Water." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/19986032992844025325.
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Ye, Lujie. "Towards commercialization of self-healing technology in epoxy coating." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1805/5613.
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Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI)This work is focused on developing viable self-healing coatings, especially considering the viability of the coating in a commercial context. With this in mind, finding low cost healing agents, with satisfactory healing and mechanical properties as well as adapting the healing system for use in coatings was required. Seven potential healing agents were evaluated and an air-drying triglyceride (linseed oil) was identified as the candidate healing agent. Different encapsulation techniques were evaluated and ureaformaldehyde microcapsules were chosen as the candidate encapsulation technique. Self-healing coatings were fabricated using urea-formaldehyde encapsulated linseed oil. EIS, SEM and TGA technologies were used to evaluate mechanical performance, corrosion resistance, and self-healing performance.
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Girão, Júlio António Bandeira. "Using a Research Domain Ontology as a driver for Technology Commercialization." Master's thesis, 2021. https://hdl.handle.net/10216/134721.
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O conceito Operator 4.0 desempenha um papel fundamental no tipo de indústria em que nos encontramos hoje, a Indústria 4.0. Durante a revisão da literatura, tornou-se evidente que não existia um modelo de referência para apoiar o desenvolvimento de conceitos inovadores para o Operador 4.0. Por conseguinte, esta investigação centrar-se-á no seu desenvolvimento, em parceria com o Fraunhofer Portugal Research Center for Assistive Information and Communication Solutions - Fraunhofer AICOS. Como resultado, foi criada uma ontologia, e utilizada a abordagem de Design Science Approach para auxiliar no seu desenvolvimento, seguida de uma primeira validação por especialistas da Fraunhofer Portugal. Posteriormente, foi realizada uma sessão de Focus Group, também com especialistas da Fraunhofer Portugal, que participaram numa segunda e última validação da ontologia, bem como na avaliação das questões de competência.
Este estudo contribuiu para uma melhor compreensão de como a organização do conhecimento (Frishammar, Lichtenthaler, & Rundquist, 2012) num determinado domínio tecnológico pode ajudar na tomada de decisões quando é proposto um novo projeto de investigação que pode resultar em propriedade intelectual futura. Esta propriedade intelectual seria licenciada ou explorada de alguma forma no futuro. Após a validação da ontologia, foi realizado um workshop para demonstrar a segunda contribuição desta dissertação, uma proposta sobre como utilizar a ontologia como motor para iniciar o processo tecnológico no contexto da identificação de oportunidades de comercialização futura da tecnologia.
No final, este estudo respondeu à pergunta de investigação colocada e às questões de competência relacionadas. Consequentemente, pode-se dizer que com esta investigação, foi eficazmente desenvolvido um modelo de referência para apoiar a construção de soluções Operador 4.0 para a indústria.The Operator 4.0 concept plays a key role in the kind of industry we find ourselves in today, Industry 4.0. In the course of the literature review, it became evident that there was an absence of a reference model to support the development of innovative concepts for Operator 4.0. Therefore, this research will focus on its development, in partnership with Fraunhofer Portugal Research Center for Assistive Information and Communication Solutions - Fraunhofer AICOS. As a result, an ontology was created, and Design Science Approach used to help its development, followed by a first validation by Fraunhofer Portugal experts. A Focus Group session was held with experts from Fraunhofer Portugal, who participated in the validation of the ontology as well as the evaluation of the competence questions, as a final validation. This study contributed to a better understanding of how knowledge organization (Frishammar, Lichtenthaler, & Rundquist, 2012) in a given technological domain might assist in decision making when a new research project is proposed that may result in future intellectual property. This intellectual property would be licensed or exploited in some way in the future. Following the ontology validation, a workshop was held to demonstrate the second contribution of this dissertation, a proposal on how to use the ontology as a driver to start the technology process in the context of identifying opportunities for future commercialization of the technology. In the end, this study answered the research question and related competence questions. Therefore, it can be said that with this research, a reference model has been effectively developed to support the construction of Operator 4.0 solutions for industry.
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LU, SHYANG-HUA, and 盧祥華. "A Research of the Original Design "Bag Chair" in Commercialization Process." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/7f4qua.
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碩士大葉大學
設計暨藝術學院碩士班
105
ABSTRACT Based on only a few original award-winning design can be commercialized, and lack of process records. This research is for original design commercialization, after years of continuous efforts, gradually approaching maturity, and put down writing the development process in a paper described detail. Document discussion by Chapter II, establish research value and feasibility analysis. There are some research values, including ride comfort (human factors engineering problems), the special structure and characteristics of the product segments and so on. Where in the unique structure, with "thin shell structure" concept and completely disassemble combination of "flexible structure" are core values of this research. Research Methods in the third chapter of which establish a clear framework and detailed process of this research, listing the twelve research methods including determining the research value, literature review, market positioning, partner consultation, design research, exploring techniques, sample design implementation, functional testing, user experience feedback, quality testing, manufacturing cost analysis and commercialization discussion (pricing). Although the focus of this research is commercializing the original design, but in order to ensure the success of commercialization, I must make some adjustments to the original design in order to meet user demand and market positioning, while the production quality control is also an important influencing factor of the successful commercialization. Therefore, in the fourth chapter of innovative design, implementation process, there are photographic records and a detailed description of the ten implementation process, wherein for the quantization production part, it has been to substantive discussion and practical division of labor. Chapter V practical commercialization and verification part are to discuss about the importance of solid model photography, content, pricing, product launch and user-oriented experience feedback surveys. While pricing, I take the price of currently published similar works in market as reference, and take brand strategies, perception value, production costs and possible future sustainable development discussion of research subject into consideration at the same time. The sales will go through various forms of display or publication to accept orders, including: internet marketing, identify a subject to initiate marketing, establish a relationship with an architect or interior designer. Finally, a user-oriented experience feedback surveys, using PURP (Product User Research Program) questionnaire. It is a design survey evaluation system, and usability research based on User-Centered Design (UCD) and User Experience (UX). It can be used to identify the usability of the product, and advantages and disadvantages found after the experience, then designers can continue to develop or improve, while improving the deficiencies of the manufacturing and product design at once. Conclusions and Recommendations of Chapter VI, the conclusions of this research are "thin shell structure" and "flexible structure" concept can be completely disassembled and assembled. These innovative designs determined to be successful, which is the core value of this research. Feedback through the comments stemming from the display and PURP survey analysis to determine the feasibility of commercialization. Recommendations on the future can be mold production at the existing framework, and how to make the product having more possibility in diversity, comprising shape, function, material, color painting and the like. Patent protection applications and commissioning professional certificated institution for testing body strength of the product are to be handled. In this research, in addition to the commercialization of innovative design, in the future it will be further explored the possibilities for more innovation and entrepreneurship. Key Words: original design, commercialization, public space waiting chairs, curved wood furniture, thin shell structure, flexible structure
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Girão, Júlio António Bandeira. "Using a Research Domain Ontology as a driver for Technology Commercialization." Dissertação, 2021. https://hdl.handle.net/10216/134721.
Full textAbstract:
O conceito Operator 4.0 desempenha um papel fundamental no tipo de indústria em que nos encontramos hoje, a Indústria 4.0. Durante a revisão da literatura, tornou-se evidente que não existia um modelo de referência para apoiar o desenvolvimento de conceitos inovadores para o Operador 4.0. Por conseguinte, esta investigação centrar-se-á no seu desenvolvimento, em parceria com o Fraunhofer Portugal Research Center for Assistive Information and Communication Solutions - Fraunhofer AICOS. Como resultado, foi criada uma ontologia, e utilizada a abordagem de Design Science Approach para auxiliar no seu desenvolvimento, seguida de uma primeira validação por especialistas da Fraunhofer Portugal. Posteriormente, foi realizada uma sessão de Focus Group, também com especialistas da Fraunhofer Portugal, que participaram numa segunda e última validação da ontologia, bem como na avaliação das questões de competência.
Este estudo contribuiu para uma melhor compreensão de como a organização do conhecimento (Frishammar, Lichtenthaler, & Rundquist, 2012) num determinado domínio tecnológico pode ajudar na tomada de decisões quando é proposto um novo projeto de investigação que pode resultar em propriedade intelectual futura. Esta propriedade intelectual seria licenciada ou explorada de alguma forma no futuro. Após a validação da ontologia, foi realizado um workshop para demonstrar a segunda contribuição desta dissertação, uma proposta sobre como utilizar a ontologia como motor para iniciar o processo tecnológico no contexto da identificação de oportunidades de comercialização futura da tecnologia.
No final, este estudo respondeu à pergunta de investigação colocada e às questões de competência relacionadas. Consequentemente, pode-se dizer que com esta investigação, foi eficazmente desenvolvido um modelo de referência para apoiar a construção de soluções Operador 4.0 para a indústria.The Operator 4.0 concept plays a key role in the kind of industry we find ourselves in today, Industry 4.0. In the course of the literature review, it became evident that there was an absence of a reference model to support the development of innovative concepts for Operator 4.0. Therefore, this research will focus on its development, in partnership with Fraunhofer Portugal Research Center for Assistive Information and Communication Solutions - Fraunhofer AICOS. As a result, an ontology was created, and Design Science Approach used to help its development, followed by a first validation by Fraunhofer Portugal experts. A Focus Group session was held with experts from Fraunhofer Portugal, who participated in the validation of the ontology as well as the evaluation of the competence questions, as a final validation. This study contributed to a better understanding of how knowledge organization (Frishammar, Lichtenthaler, & Rundquist, 2012) in a given technological domain might assist in decision making when a new research project is proposed that may result in future intellectual property. This intellectual property would be licensed or exploited in some way in the future. Following the ontology validation, a workshop was held to demonstrate the second contribution of this dissertation, a proposal on how to use the ontology as a driver to start the technology process in the context of identifying opportunities for future commercialization of the technology. In the end, this study answered the research question and related competence questions. Therefore, it can be said that with this research, a reference model has been effectively developed to support the construction of Operator 4.0 solutions for industry.
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CHUAN, CHUANG YA, and 莊雅荃. "On Nara Yoshitomo's Crossover Activity- Research of the Commercialization of Art." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/62154309131025507682.
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HUANG, TSAN-WEN, and 黃燦文. "The Research on Business Model of Commercialization of Agricultural Technology in Taiwan." Thesis, 2005. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/45528149361527217936.
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碩士國立政治大學
智慧財產研究所
94
Presently, the Knowledge-Based Economy is the main trend of the world economy. Under the circumstances, to seek business models with high added value is the major job that each of governments and enterprises must do. The main activity of Taiwan’s traditional agriculture is to produce and sell agricultural products. According to the presentation of world’s economic trend and economic statistical data, the economic value of Taiwan’s traditional agriculture is very low. And after the change of economic conditions in Taiwan, we never add high value to agricultural products with our business experience and agricultural technology. Unfortunately, Taiwan’s excellently agricultural products become victims in this intensely commercial competition. In order to avoid the unfavorable environment and competition, we have to make some change in Taiwan’s traditional agriculture. There are advantaged conditions of agricultural research and a lot of excellently agricultural technology in Taiwan. So to develop the Knowledge-Based Agriculture, that it means to apply, to manage, and to operate the agricultural technology in agricultural operation, is the major way and opportunities that we can do to transform Taiwan’s traditional agriculture. If we want to develop the Knowledge-Based Agriculture, we have to commercialize our agricultural technology first. I think that the good business models will become the key points to influence the successful commercialization of agricultural technology and successful sale of technology-products. If we do not have good business models, we cannot commercialize the agricultural technology successfully, and cannot sell technology-products into markets, and cannot develop the industrialization of agricultural technology. The title of this research is “The Research on Business Model of Commercialization of Agricultural Technology in Taiwan.” I want to study the design of business models and some important subject matter of the commercialization of agricultural technology in Taiwan. There are six chapters in this research, and these are Ch.1 Introductions, Ch.2 Probing for Previous Documents, Ch.3 The Present Circumstances of Application and Management of Agricultural Technology in Taiwan, Ch.4 The Challenges and Opportunities of Commercialization of Agricultural Technology in Taiwan, Ch.5 The Case Study on Commercialization of Agricultural Technology, Ch.6 Conclusions and Suggestions. I will study the subject matter and concerns of this research deeply in the light of the chapters’ order. In this research, I will complete the work by analyzing present circumstances, explaining and illustrating related theories, testing and verifying theories by case study. I want to get deep learning and understanding in the design of business models of commercialization of agricultural technology in Taiwan through this research.
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XIN, LIU YU, and 劉雨鑫. "Commercialization Research of Advertising Music Lyrics and Comments - The Application of Python." Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/yxkj7q.
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