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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Commercialization of University Research'
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Fu, Xiao. "Commercialization of university research : the case of Nanjing, China." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/44544.
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The Chinese government is propelling commercialization of university research as a strategy to boost industrial innovation and upgrade economic structure. Nanjing, the national third largest hub of science and technology (S&T) resources, was selected in 2009 as the only pilot city for comprehensive S&T institutional reform. Based on in-depth key informant interviews, site visits and documents collected from multi-sources, this study examines the framework conditions as well as specific mechanisms of university research commercialization in Nanjing. This research also strives to broaden and deepen the existent literature on university-industry liaison in China, which is detected as empirically narrow, theoretically thin and analytically shallow. Following an introduction (chapter 1) and a literature review (chapter 2), a China-specific model to analyze regional/local innovation is designed based on a critical review of the development trajectory of innovation theories (chapter 3). Employing this theoretical tool, the multi-layer policies, institutions and programs set up by multi-scalar governments to govern innovation and technology commercialization in Nanjing are depicted and interrogated (chapter 4). At a conceptual level, this multi-layer framework apparatus displays a pattern of “hierarchical amplification”, which the author argues has led to propensities of overcapacity, irrationality and “mission creep” in China’s efforts at boosting innovation. Empirically, four sets of university-affiliated research commercialization channels operating under the multi-layer framework in Nanjing are studied – 1) university technology transfer offices, 2) enterprise-college-institute cooperation platforms, 3) university science parks, and 4) university spin-off companies (chapter 5). This thesis concludes by summarizing the research and identifying impediments in the current university research commercialization regime (chapter 6).
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Zhou, Yu. "Investigation of Research Commercialization at a University: A Case Study." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/52037.
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With the increase of awareness and focus on university research commercialization, much research had been conducted to investigate this subject. It was revealed that because universities were not traditionally built to serve the purpose of commercialization, many obstacles existed in the path of university research commercialization. Historically, research had largely focused on identifying critical factors that impacted the performance of commercialization. However, it was not clear how those findings could be systematically incorporated into the commercialization improvement plan of individual cases. This research intended to fill this gap and provide a framework that could be used by most universities to access and improve their research commercialization process.
A case study of a U.S. land-grant university was conducted and a narrative approach was mainly used as the method of data analysis. Under the scope of a single-case study, four sub-studies were conducted to address the goals of this research. First, a framework was developed that incorporated theories of existing research and the value stream map of lean management. Interviews with the intellectual property office and faculty were conducted to determine if the theoretical framework was applicable. It was found that the framework fitted well with the current process of university research commercialization. After that, a survey that covered a sample size of 1110 researchers at the targeted university was conducted to investigate the importance of different resources at different stages of the process. Resources that were under investigation were grouped into four categories: technical, human, social, and financial resources. This research identified the most important resources for research commercialization were industrial connections (social resource) and assistance from the intellectual property (IP) office (human resource), with industrial connections playing a more importance role at the beginning of the process and the IP office from the stage of patent application. To assess organizational characteristics of the targeted university, interviews were conducted with 22 faculty, three representatives from the administration, one representative from the intellectual property office, and one representative from an external organization. Six criteria derived from previous research were used to guide the assessment: (1) expenditures on research and development (RandD), (2) intellectual property policy, (3) research field, (4) key individuals, (5) commitment to innovation, and (6) networking with external relations. It was found that the targeted university had strong evidence of the advantages of expenditures on RandD and research field, however, it was relatively weak in the other four characteristics. The last part of the research involved interviews with two companies for the purpose of developing a best practice for research commercialization with the examples from the industry. Recommendations to improve targeted university's research commercialization were developed based on findings of the research.<br>Ph. D.
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Hauksson, Árni G. (Árni Gudmundur) 1968. "The commercialization of university research discoveries : are university technology transfer offices stimulating the process?" Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/10063.
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Metla, Chandra Mohan Reddy. "Research faculty, entrepreneurship and commercialization : the case of Kansas State University." Thesis, Manhattan, Kan. : Kansas State University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/505.
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Mir, Rizwan, and Hassan Muhammad Ahsan. "Managing Commercialization of Academic research : A Case Study of Umea University, Sweden." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Handelshögskolan vid Umeå universitet, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-47769.
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Background and Research Problem: Universities are complex and diversified institutions playing an active role in society. Besides education and research universities are now assigned a new role of commercialization of academic research. There is pressure on universities to act as a bridge for transfer of knowledge to industries and generate resources. As this role of commercialization is comparatively new for the universities so they face challenges and difficulties in managing commercialization along with education and research. In order to overcome these challenges some support structures has been introduced in the form of Technology Transfer Office (TTO) or Industry Liaison Office (ILO). As the role and support structures are new, so there is a need to develop such a managerial system which can better integrate the activities related to commercialization of academic research. Research Purpose: This is a case study of Umeå University conducted to understand and evaluate the commercialization activities and functioning of support structures. The specific purpose is to investigate and suggest that, how universities having support structures but lacking success stories and track records, should manage its commercialization activities. Method: Qualitative research methods are used and semi-structured interviews have been conducted from eight respondents. Umeå University has been used as a case study. Concluding Comments: On the basis of this study we would like to comment that, Umeå University is committed to perform its third role of contribution towards society and there is adequate infrastructure available in terms of support structures. But still as this role is new for the university and carrying on commercialization activities while insuring freedom of research is a challenging task. So, a detailed evaluation of existing support structures and reorganization of their existing activities is required. It may also require better understanding and communication of the concept of commercialization, generation of new ideas and a greater attention, both from the support structures and central management of the university.
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Lacetera, Nicola. "The organization of research activities in industry and academia : implications for the commercialization of university research." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/37113.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management, 2006.<br>"June 2006."<br>Includes bibliographical references.<br>This dissertation is composed of three essays. In the first essay, I build a model of the choice and timing of entry into commercial activities by an academic research team, and analyze the returns and costs of these activities. I compare the behavior and performance of the academic team to an industrial research team. The two teams are assumed to differ in their objectives, governance modes, and incentive systems. I show that, while in some cases academic scientists are more reluctant to commercialize research, in other cases they may commercialize faster than profit-seeking firms would - and perform less basic research. Academic and non-academic scientists also select different projects, and this may explain the good performance of 'academic entrepreneurs' found in several empirical studies. In the light of these results, I interpret the mixed evidence on the success of, and the arguments in favor and against, the involvement of universities into business-related research activities. In the second essay, I define a model of a firm's choice of whether to conduct research in-house or to outsource it to academic research teams.<br>(cont.) I exploit the fact that companies and universities have different missions, and model the different authority structures implied by different organizational choices in the conduct of research. Outsourcing a project to a university allows a firm to commit not to terminate or alter a scientifically valuable project before completion. This commitment is potentially valuable for the firm in an environment where scientific value and economic value may not coincide, and scientific workers are responsive to the incentives defined by their community of peers. I then formulate some empirical predictions about the kind of research activities firms will outsource to universities, and activities on which they will exert stronger control. I confront these hypotheses with empirical evidence from a sample of industry-university research agreements, as well as from other analyses and case studies, and find patterns consistent with my model. In the third essay, I analyze the restrictions on publication and control over the research agenda for universities and other 'open-science' research organizations, in a sample of biotechnology research contracts where the sponsor party is a for-profit company.<br>(cont.) I find that stronger publication restrictions appear to be more frequent in projects concerning earlier phase research and projects with longer duration. Research teams based in hospitals have significantly lower publication delays. Longer project duration is also strongly correlated with higher authority of the sponsoring firm over the direction of research. Teams in more prestigious research organizations tend to be subjected to lesser control by the sponsor company.<br>by Nicola Lacetera.<br>Ph.D.
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Wehby, Richard George 1957. "Patents and licensing and the commercialization of academic biomedical research." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/28593.
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Thesis (S.M.)--Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology; and, (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Engineering Systems Division, Technology and Policy Program, 2004.<br>Vita.<br>Includes bibliographical references (leaf 72).<br>This thesis is part of a larger body of research being undertaken by Dr. Fiona Murray and colleagues examining value creation and sharing between and among the three principal players in the commercialization of academic biomedical research: universities, biotech firms, and big pharma. The Recombinant Capital database provided access to contracts for biomedical technology licensed from academe to biotech, and also subsequent contracts that included that same technology from biotech to big pharma. These two contracts comprise a contract "pair". Importantly, these contract "pairs" were unredacted, that is., all parts of the contracts, including the commercial terms, were available. This thesis will lay the foundation for later work by examining the contracts between university and biotech, from the University's point of view. The goal is to identify factors that give the university more power in a pricing negotiation, and that predict higher economic value for the contract. The Specific Aim is to determine if certain University factors have a significant effect on predicting the economic value of the university-biotech licensing agreement. Four groups of readily quantifiable factors that contain attributes that might add power to the University in its pricing negotiation with the Biotech firm were identified: Institutional factors, Single Inventor factors, Aggregate factors, and Invention factors. The hypothesis is that at least one of these factors will have a significant effect on predicting the value of the licensing agreement, as determined using ordinary- and multiple-linear regression models. In formulistic terms, the null- and test-hypotheses are: (HO) no factor has a significant effect on predicting economic value, and (HI) at least one<br>(cont.) one factor has a significant effect on predicting economic value. A multiple regression model of the factors as explanatory variables for the economic value of the license revealed that two independent university factors significantly predict economic value of the contract. These combined factors account for 64% of the variance of the dependent variable (in excess of control), and have coefficients that are significant (p < 0.001). The results are discussed in the context of its importance to university technology transfer officers, biotech firms and venture capitalists.<br>by Richard George Wehby.<br>S.M.
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Colyvas, Jeannette Anastasia. "From divergent meanings to common practices : institutionalization processes and the commercialization of university research /." May be available electronically:, 2007. http://proquest.umi.com/login?COPT=REJTPTU1MTUmSU5UPTAmVkVSPTI=&clientId=12498.
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Vice, President Research Office of the. "Bridging the Commercialization Gap." Office of the Vice President Research, The University of British Columbia, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/2668.
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Abu-Talib, Noraini. "Commercialization and its discontents." Thesis, University of Stirling, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/390.
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Since the late 1990s the government of Malaysia has increased emphasis on its Intensification of Research in Priority Areas (IRPA) program, focusing scientific research in universities and government research institutes (GRIs) on activities most likely to enhance national economic performance. The IRPA’s main purpose is to fund commercially viable research for the benefit of business. However, its 2001 mid-term review showed its rates and volumes of commercialization and technology transfer (CTT) to be inadequate. This study aimed to explain the perceived low rate of adoption and commercialization of scientific knowledge in manufacturing in Malaysia by exploring the actions of companies, universities and GRIs. Two main models of technical change, the Technik and the STH ones, were used. Fieldwork was carried out in Malaysia. Purposive sampling led to selection of 60 interviewees: 23 managers and professionals from companies, 17 scientists, eight Technology Transfer Office officers, six senior research administrators, three venture capitalists, two journalists and a politician. The interviews were open-ended. It was seen that research findings were not always relevant to company interests, and companies often preferred their own or adopted, sometimes reverse-engineered, technology. Government CTT funds did not help much in with design, prototypes and pilot plants. Inadequate communication and lack of trust influenced the low uptake of research findings. The commercial relevance of much scientific research was questioned. More government support for company risk-taking appeared to be needed. Differences in attitude and poor understanding of policies and principles tended to contribute to low uptake. Managers, professional, scientists, Technology Transfer Officers, senior research administrators, venture capitalists needed more flexibility, knowledge and skills to respond to profit-driven research findings. A specifically Malaysian approach to CTT was advocated.
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Pries, Fred. "Build, Rent and Sell: Options for Commercializing New Technologies Arising from University Research." Thesis, University of Waterloo, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10012/822.
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This research investigates the strategic governance choices made in commercializing new technologies arising from university research. <br /><br /> Departing from the traditional licensing vs. start-up approach, it is proposed that there are three primary methods of commercializing these technologies: 1) Build ? creating a new business based on the technology, 2) Rent ? ongoing development and marketing of the technology to established firms that use the technology in their businesses and 3) Sell ? disposition of the technology to an established firm. <br /><br /> Using economic theories of the firm, particularly transaction cost economics, it is hypothesized that: <ul> <li>the build option is positively associated with firms deriving revenue primarily from product market activity (H1a) and expending resources on both technology development activities and production activities (H2a); </li> <li>the rent and sell options are positively associated with firms deriving revenue primarily from technology market activity (H1b) and expending resources on technology development activities but not on production activities (H2b). </li> <li>the greater the patent or other legal protection (H3), the risk of substitutes (H5) or the dynamism associated with the technology (H8), the greater the likelihood that the technology will be commercialized using the rent option;</li> <li>the greater the tacitness and complexity (H4) or the greater the volatility associated with the technology, the greater the likelihood that the technology will be commercialized using the build or sell options; and</li> <li>the greater the importance of specialized complementary assets, the greater the likelihood that the technology will be commercialized using the sell option (H6). </li> </ul> Three studies were conducted providing differing perspectives on the research question. Study #1 examines three start-ups based on new technologies arising from research conducted at the University of Waterloo. Study #2 analyzes the business activities of a number of Canadian and U. S. public start-up firms using archival data. Study #3 is a survey of university faculty members who have had new technologies arising from their academic research put into commercial use. <br /><br /> Hypotheses H1a/b, H2a/b and H3 are supported and Hypothesis H7 received more limited support. Evidence for Hypothesis H5 is in the predicted direction but failed to achieve statistical significance. Hypotheses H4, H5, H6 and H8 are not supported.
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Elliott, Cynthia, Jason Dewland, Jennifer R. Martin, Sandra Kramer, and Sr John J. Jackson. "Collaborate and Innovate: The Impact of Academic Librarians on the Commercialization of University Technology." TAYLOR & FRANCIS, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/624672.
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The University of Arizona Library, in collaboration with the campus commercialization unit, created a partnership that contributes to the early development of inventions in the commercialization pipeline. The library-commercialization business intelligence workgroup was incorporated into the overall campus
commercialization business-development workflow in 2014 and is comprised of librarians and commercialization professionals working together to provide insight and decision support for development
of commercialization strategies for inventions emerging from university research that aligns with market drivers. These efforts are recognized by university leadership as critical to the strategic plan
of the university. This article discusses the impact of the workgroup and how the group of librarians contributed to the development of new companies, new licenses, and financial impact of economic development at a large land-grant university and larger community.
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Lubua, Filipo. "From Innovation to Academic Entrepreneurship in Computer-Assisted Language Learning (CALL)." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1549936934116581.
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Brantnell, Anders. "Exploitation of University-Based Healthcare Innovations : The Behaviors of Three Key Actors and Influencing Factors." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för kvinnors och barns hälsa, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-317934.
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Large resources are invested in healthcare research, but despite this there is a wide gap between research knowledge and healthcare practice. Implementation researchers have addressed this gap, focusing mostly on the role of healthcare practitioners. However, a narrow focus on implementation does not take into consideration the preceding stages and the roles of different actors during the whole innovation process, which starts from research and ends with implementation. The aim of this thesis is to examine the behaviors of three key actors during an innovation process and to explore the influence of selected contextual factors on their behavior. Study I (n=10 funders) identifies several facilitative roles for funders and suggests that implementation risks becoming no one’s responsibility as the funders identify six different actors responsible for implementation, the majority of whom embody a collective or an organization. Study II finds that the implementation knowledge of Swedish funding managers (n=18) is mostly based on experience-based knowledge. The majority of the funding managers define implementation as a process and express limited knowledge of implementation. The findings of Study III (n=4 innovation cases) show that the roles and involvement of academic inventors and ISAs (innovation-supporting actors) are more connected to intellectual property (IP) nature than to intellectual property rights (IPR) ownership. Study IV (n=4 innovation cases) identifies three different logics that influence the behavior of academic inventors: market, academic and care logics. A pattern emerges where the behavior of academic inventors is guided by a unique logic and there is no interaction between logics, despite the existence of multiple logics. The individual strategies to handle multiple logics coincide with the influence of logics. In addition, IP nature, distinguishing between high-tech and low-tech innovations, is connected to the influence of institutional logics: low-tech connected to the care logic and high-tech connected to the market logic. This thesis has three main theoretical and practical implications relevant for practitioners, policymakers and researchers. First, implementation responsibility is an important issue to study and discuss, because without clearly defined responsibilities and management of responsibilities, responsibility might become no one’s responsibility. Second, the finding that experience-based implementation knowledge contributes heavily to policymakers’ knowledge encourages further studies and discussions regarding this relatively neglected issue. Third, the importance of IP nature in shaping innovation processes should be considered and further examined, not only as a factor influencing inventors and ISAs’ roles and involvement, but also as influencing the prevalence of different institutional logics. Further, the relevance of a distinction between low-tech and high-tech IP should be reflected on.
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Jonsson, Mathias, and Stefan Kristoffersson. "Evaluation of Inventions : ReducingTime in a DEAR Process." Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Management and Economics, 2003. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-1802.
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<p>Legislative changes in the U.S. and more recently Germany, require universities and research institutes to act as entrepreneurs, something that is not necessarily in their nature. Therefore, a number of Technology Transfer Organizations or Evaluation Agencies have been established to handle the evaluation, patenting and commercialization of inventions. The process of evaluating inventions, in this thesis termed DEAR, poses two major challenges for evaluation agencies: (1) the process must be aimed at keeping the inventions that will generate revenues and filtering out those that will not; and (2) the time spent on evaluation should be kept to a minimum, but must never be reduced below the point where potential commercial successes will be lost. The purpose of this thesis is to benchmark the practices of evaluation agencies in order to establish whether time can be reduced in any part of the DEAR process and if so where. We find that there are aspects in almost every stage of the DEAR process that could be made more effective. For instance, it may be worthwhile for the German agencies to reflect on the fact that their U.S. counterparts generally seem to rely on the scientific information given in the disclosure. Also, even though valuation of inventions often becomes a case of"Garbage In - Garbage Out", such valuation may be worthwhile for younger agencies since it may signal that the DEAR process is conducted in a thorough and accurate manner.</p>
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Dewland, Jason, and Cynthia M. Elliott. "Embedding Libraries in the University Commercialization Process." Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/624719.
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Universities are increasing efforts to assist faculty, students, and community partners to bring inventions to market. As state funding for higher education continues to shrink, universities are looking for new revenue streams to support teaching, research, and learning. Campus commercialization efforts are a strategy to promote economic development opportunities that benefit the community and society at large. Commercialization efforts on campus include technology transfer offices, incubator parks, and joint ventures between the university, investors, and corporate entities. Academic libraries have the opportunity to partner with campus technology transfer efforts and expand librarian roles and responsibilities to support commercialization, innovation,and entrepreneurship on campus
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Houweling, Stefan [Verfasser]. "Commercialization of academic research / Stefan Houweling." Siegen : Universitätsbibliothek der Universität Siegen, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1142002071/34.
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Burns, Michael Owen. "Cross-sectional analysis of university technology commercialization initiatives." Thesis, Manhattan, Kan. : Kansas State University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/857.
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Crooker, Aaron R. "IMPROVED METHODOLOGY FOR THE COMMERCIALIZATION OF UNIVERSITY INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY." UKnowledge, 2007. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/gradschool_theses/507.
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Since the enactment of the Bayh-Dole Act in 1980, US universities have been given a tacit mandate to manage their intellectual assets in a commercializable way. However, university technology transfer offices have struggled to facilitate innovators and promote economic development because of asymmetric information and processes. After an analysis of premier university technology transfer offices (TTO), an improved methodology, which increases productivity of technology transfer, has been developed. The proposed methodology addresses many of the low level issues facing the commercialization and licensing process. Embedding TTO members with research institutes or colleges, assisting in funding procurement and marketing of research to external firms using innovative media are methods that can minimize technology transfer inefficiency. It is the conclusion of this thesis that improved technology transfer helps promote the overall mission of a university, which is diffusing knowledge for the public benefit.
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Peretz, Andersson Einav, and My Ljungberg. "Commercialization Activity and Support Structure of Swedish universities." Thesis, Internationella Handelshögskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, IHH, Företagsekonomi, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-15648.
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Knowledge and technology has in recent decades become a driving force of economic growth and national productivity (Goldfarb & Henrekson, 2003). This recognition has had an impact of the universities’ core mission. Traditionally, the core mission of uni-versities has been teaching and researching, but nowadays the universities are also ex-pected to take on an active role in commercialization of the research result as a part of their mission. The Swedish government invests heavily in R&D and perceives the in-vestment as vital for the innovation system. However, the high investment have caused a lot of controversy and debates due to the perception of low innovation output in rela-tion to the investment, a phenomenon which is generally known as “The Swedish para-dox”. The Swedish paradox is influenced by several factors, one of them is that the high expenditures in university R&D generates poor outcome in relation to the investments (Henrekson & Rosenberg, 2001; Goldfarb and Henrekson, 2003). The purpose of this thesis was to explore how Swedish universities’ influence the Swedish paradox through their commercialization activities and support structures. Commercialization activities refer to the various activities which universities may choose in order to commercialize its research, including patenting, licensing, spin-offs and human capital activities. The support structure refers to the structure which the universities use to facilitate commer-cialization. In order to fulfill the purpose a multiple case-study approach was chosen in which semi-structured interviews were conducted. The chosen universities in the study were Halmstad University, Jönköping University, Linnaeus University and Lund Uni-versity. The underlying reason for the chosen approach was that the material needed to answer the purpose was to be found in a qualitative approach. The main finding of the study is that there exists insufficiencies in university commer-cialization activities and support structures which may explain why research results tend to remain at the universities, hence influencing the Swedish paradox. The results gave indications of; the tendency of too complex commercialization systems, lack of encour-agement of researchers’ involvement in commercialization, the modest use of collabora-tive agreements for collective efforts in commercialization and low prioritizing of li-censing and patenting, and finally, the necessity of a culture which advocates commer-cialization and senior management support who places commercialization as a central issue. This study leverages an insight into universities commercialization and its influ-ence on the Swedish paradox, the result of this study is valuable for both universities, in order to improve their commercialization performance and for the region and nation for a possibility to increase the output of university commercialization.
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Hixson, Cory Allen. "Exploring Engineering Faculty Members' Experiences with University Commercialization Utilizing Systems Thinking." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/72228.
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Since the Bayh-Dole Act of 1980, commercialization (e.g., patenting discoveries,
licensing technologies, and developing startups) has become increasingly prominent at
universities across the nation. These activities can be beneficial for universities as mechanisms to
increase research dollars, unrestricted funds, student success, institutional prestige, and public
benefit, while developing an innovation and entrepreneurship culture. However, although faculty
members are a key source of human capital within the university commercialization process,
studies of faculty members' experiences with university commercialization are scarce.
To better understand these experiences, I conducted a multiple case study exploring
engineering faculty members' commercialization experiences at three land-grant universities,
using Activity Theory as an analytical framework. Each case consists of in-depth, semistructured
interviews with 5-6 engineering faculty members, 1-2 university administrators, and a
technology transfer officer, as well as university commercialization documentation (e.g.,
university commercialization policy documents and web resources). I analyzed the data using
provisional coding (activity system elements, supports, challenges, and affect), inductive coding,
and within and cross-case analysis techniques. The study's findings include characteristics of the
university commercialization activity system, supports for and challenges to faculty engagement,
and provisional recommendations to enhance the university commercialization work system.
Key findings include faculty members' desire to make an impact with their work, lack of training
and expertise relative to commercialization, conflicting attitudes towards commercialization
from colleagues and administrations, and tensions about the place of commercialization within
the university's mission.
This study highlights an important and underrepresented voice in university
commercialization research - "the voice of the individual faculty member. By understanding how
faculty members experience university commercialization, university leaders are able to make
well-informed decisions regarding the university's mission, culture, work structure, resource
allocation, and incentive systems related to this increasingly-prominent faculty activity.
Moreover, faculty members and industry collaborators interested in university commercialization
can use the study's results to make decisions regarding if and how to best proceed with
university commercialization activities. Accordingly, this work not only contributes to faculty
work system design, but it also contributes a unique systems research approach to the university
commercialization literature.<br>Ph. D.
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Fuller, Anne W. "University entrpreneurship the role of U.S. faculty in technology transfer and commercialization /." Diss., Atlanta, Ga. : Georgia Institute of Technology, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/26612.
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Thesis (Ph.D)--Strategy and Entrepreneurship, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2009.<br>Committee Chair: Thursby, Marie C.; Committee Member: Barke, Richard; Committee Member: Rothaermel, Frank T.; Committee Member: Singhal, Vinod; Committee Member: Thursby, Jerry G.. Part of the SMARTech Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Collection.
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Ghahramani, Forough. "University innovation and commercialization ecosystem| Promoting pathways for women in STEM innovators." Thesis, University of Pennsylvania, 2016. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10158528.
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<p> This study provides a qualitative exploration of the ways in which the various degrees of entrepreneurialism and commercialization shape female graduate student training and socialization across science technology and engineering fields. This study explores institutional conditions at three selective and private U.S. research universities that cultivate innovation and entrepreneurship in graduate students to introduce patents, start companies, and/or work in leadership roles in start-ups and corporations. A focus of the study is on institutional factors important to women with doctorate degrees in the STEM fields – science, engineering, technology and mathematics. Critical factors in each institution’s innovation and entrepreneurship ecosystem are explored, including the institution’s role in building innovation and entrepreneurial pathways, their commitment and resources for innovation and entrepreneurship, their culture of innovation and entrepreneurship, and their commitment to diversity and inclusion for increasing participation of women in innovation.</p>
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Goldstein, Harvey, Edward M. Bergman, and Gunther Maier. "University mission creep? Comparing EU and US faculty views of university involvement in regional economic development and commercialization." Springer Verlag, 2013. http://epub.wu.ac.at/3838/1/maier.pdf.
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The expansion of universities' missions to include the support of regional economic development has led to conflicts between traditional norms of open science and the norms of entrepreneurialism, as well as placing university faculty in situations of potential conflict of interest. We posit that there are important differences between how universities support regional economic development in terms of leading to normative and ethical conflicts. Using data from two independent samples of U.S. and European faculty, we explore and compare faculty attitudes towards regional engagement and knowledge commercialization using factor analysis. The results show that U.S. faculty make a clear distinction between the appropriateness of university regional engagement, on the one hand, and knowledge commercialization, on the other. European faculty view regional engagement and knowledge commercialization along the same spectrum in terms of appropriateness. At the same time, attitudes of faculty in the U.S. and in Europe reveal independent commitment to the norms of open science and avoidance of situations of conflicts of interest.
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Fridholm, Tobias. "Working Together : Exploring Relational Tensions in Swedish Academia." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Kulturgeografiska institutionen, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-128861.
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This study explores the basic social conditions for high-quality university research, and focuses on research in science and technology in Sweden. Swedish research policy has adopted more of a market perspective on academic research and its role in society. This has meant the promotion of competition between researchers, increased focus on efficiency at universities, and attempts to make academia harmonize more with industry and other actors. How do such policies affect the variety of perspectives within the academic system? How do they affect the positions and identities of individual academics? These issues are discussed through the concept of "relational tensions". Relational tensions refer to social strains arising when interacting actors have different perspectives. Relational tensions can stimulate creativity, but may also cause unproductive conflicts. The discussion is underpinned by interviews with university researchers and a case study of Uppsala BIO-X, a program to commercialize university research in biotechnology. Typical cases of relational tensions are identified. These concern both interpersonal relations and differences between organized science and industry. A notable observation concerns potential frustration of individual academics, as competition and efficiency tends to make their positions and identities more contested. Researchers cope with relational tensions in three identified ways: socialization, seclusion, and lateral authority. Socialization is natural and often necessary, but reduces the variety of perspectives. Seclusion serves to retain variety and independence, but reduces interaction with others. Lateral authority is to formally or informally lend a researcher more authority, which improves the chance of maintaining a variety of perspectives without reducing interaction. The sustained usefulness of academic research arguably depends on its ability to foster and communicate a variety of perspectives. Hence, (i) promoting lateral authority seems fruitful within academia and in relations between academia and industry, and (ii) encouraging competition and efficiency may to some extent be counterproductive.<br>Research Excellence and Science-Based Industrial Systems
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Rahal, Ahmad D. "ASSESSMENT FRAMEWORK FOR THE EVALUATION AND PRIORITIZATION OF UNIVERSITY TECHNOLOGIES FOR LICENSING AND COMMERCIALIZATION." Doctoral diss., University of Central Florida, 2005. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/2623.
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US corporations have long recognized university related scientific research as an important source of long term economic growth and technological innovation. This dynamic involvement with industry has drastically increased the university technology transfer and licensing activities, and has stretched the human and financial resources of Technology Management and Licensing Offices of many US universities. This research provides a mechanism that can aid in the complex process of properly assessing university-owned technologies and intellectual properties, to identify those with licensing and commercialization potential for the pursuit of truly important breakthrough discoveries. This research focuses on the university technology licensing and commercialization process from the perspectives of those licensing professionals whose firms' activities are engaged in licensing-in university technologies. The objectives of this research are to: 1.Identify the decision factors and licensing determinants that influence or impact the licensing and commercialization of university technologies. 2.Build and conduct a survey among those licensing professionals involved in the technology licensing process to determine the relative importance of each of the licensing determinants identified in the literature review, and their most current and up to date selection criteria for technologies they license. 3.Develop a framework to assist the University Technology Management & Transfer Office's personnel and other stakeholders in the assessment of the potential viability of the university technologies for licensing and commercialization.<br>Ph.D.<br>Department of Industrial Engineering and Management Systems<br>Engineering and Computer Science<br>Industrial Engineering and Management Systems
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Sterk, Joseph P. (Sterk Joseph Phillip). "Assessing the impact of tumor evolution on oncology drug development and commercialization." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/65523.
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Thesis (S.M.)--Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, 2011.<br>Vita. Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.<br>Includes bibliographical references (p. 91-97).<br>This thesis investigates the commercial viability of developing and commercializing targeted oncology drugs directed at a specific tumor mutation instead of all forms and mutations of a single target. While oncologic drugs targeted to aberrant or overexpressed pro-proliferative proteins have revolutionized cancer treatment, tumors treated for long periods may mutate over time, gain resistance to these drugs and proliferate rapidly again. I hypothesize that drugs developed to inhibit specific resistant tumor genotypes can be commercially viable from a pharmaceutical manufacturer's perspective. To assess this hypothesis empirically, I construct a patient flow model in order to quantify the treatment of CML, a relatively rare and indolent hematological malignancy with extensive clinical data available and well-delineated disease phases and response criteria. To represent the rate of diagnosis, patients are "added" to the model every month, and thereafter there is a probability that a patient may either 1) become sufficiently intolerant to his drug in order to discontinue treatment, 2) fail to respond to treatment but remain in the same disease phase, 3) fail to respond to treatment and progress to the next phase of disease, or 4) adequately respond to treatment and stay on the same drug in the same phase. Patients that fail to respond (categories 2 and 3 above) have a chance of manifesting a resistance mutation that is adequately controlled by a hypothetical drug (in addition to their current treatment) but is otherwise untreatable. The aim of this analysis is to track the number of patients that accrue the chosen resistance mutation and thus would be good candidates to receive the hypothetical drug. Patient treatment rates are converted to sales figures, and are weighed against clinical development costs, timelines, and probabilities to determine the net present value (NPV) of a project to develop the hypothetical drug. In addition, parameters are varied in order to conduct a sensitivity analysis and determine the "boundary conditions" that make a drug profitable or unprofitable. To supplement the model results and confirm the model dynamics, I interviewed investment analysts, clinical oncology thoughtleaders, academic cancer researchers and clinical, commercial and regulatory personnel from drug manufacturers to gauge their opinions on the CML market and the hurdles particular to developing drugs aimed at resistant genotypes. The conclusion I reach from this analysis is that development of a specific mutation-directed therapy for resistant CML is unlikely to be profitable. Given the significantly smaller patient population, favorable conditions in pricing and clinical development would be required to make the hypothetical candidate even marginally profitable.<br>by Joseph P. Sterk.<br>S.M.
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Lindström, Tom, and Stefan Silver. "Avoiding the innovation valley of death : Private sector commercialization of publicly funded research." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för industriell teknik och management (ITM), 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-217795.
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The Swedish Government annually distributes billions of SEK on different agencies, councils, and institutions with instructions to finance research initiatives that promote public benefit and Swedish competitiveness internationally. The expectations are that these initiatives are picked up by the private sector as soon as the research starts showing results and in this way reach all branches of society. Many companies actively utilize this to catch new innovations early but also to make use of research, so they do not have to finance these early phases themselves. With diverging incentives and many stakeholders from academia, public financiers, and the industry, it is often a long and bumpy road towards commercialization. The purpose of this study was primarily to identify obstacles and barriers that could arise along the road to commercialization. Secondly, it aims to map the aspects that need to be addressed and find out how to work around the barriers to increase the commercialization success rate. The study is performed with its basis in a large Swedish company within food science and agriculture that are currently active within the studied area. The study is built on three major methods; interviews, a survey, and a workshop. The interviews and the workshop was conducted with several representatives from the different groups of stakeholders such as project managers and industry supervisors, but also with less biased third parties such as external financiers and business coaches. The survey was deployed to researchers that has received public funding to conduct research within food science or agriculture. The interviews and the survey were aimed at mapping the different barriers but also at suggesting possible improvements meanwhile the workshop was aimed at providing insight to the interaction between the different stakeholders in a project. The results point to a variety of problems and barriers that need to be addressed to improve the outlook for co-funded R&D-projects. Amongst these, we found, for example lack of financial resources, collaboration between stakeholders, divergent goals, and business modeling. The results and the analysis also point to a number of measures to take within many of the areas that would help the projects. The primary conclusions of the study make up a model that takes project progress into account at the same time as it suggests proactive measures such as financing, goals, and collaboration as well as reactive measures such as business area integration and development companies to reduce the influence of the discovered barriers.<br>Den svenska staten delar idag ut flera miljarder kronor till olika forskningsråd och myndigheter som ska finansiera forskning som bringar nytta till samhället och stärker svensk innovation och konkurrenskraft internationellt. Förhoppningen är att den privata sektorn ska ta vid när forskningen börjar nå resultat och på den vägen ta sig ut i samhällets alla grenar. Många företag drar idag aktivt nytta av detta för att fånga innovationer tidigt men också för att ta del av forskning utan att behöva stå för finansiering av de tidiga faserna. Med spridda incitament och många iblandade från akademin, industrin och staten kan det bli en lång och krokig väg till kommersialisering. Den här studien syftar i första steget till att identifiera alla hinder och barriärer som kan uppstå längs vägen mot kommersialisering i statligt och privat samfinansierad forskning och utveckling. Det andra steget syftar till att kartlägga vilka aspekter som måste adresseras och hur man kan arbeta runt barriärerna för att öka chanserna för lyckad kommersialisering. Studien är gjord utifrån ett stort svenskt företag inom livsmedel och lantbruk som är aktiva inom området i fråga. Studien bygger på tre huvudsakliga metoder; intervjuer, en enkät och en workshop. Intervjuerna och workshopen genomfördes med ett flertal projektledare och handläggare men även med mer oberoende parter såsom externa finansiärer och företagscoacher. Enkäten gick ut till forskare som fått statliga medel för att bedriva forskning inom livsmedel och lantbruk. Intervjuerna och enkäten syftade till att både kartlägga barriärer och att föreslå förbättringsåtgärder för att ta sig över barriärerna, medan workshopen endast syftade till att föreslå förbättringar. Resultaten pekar mot en mängd problem och barriärer som måste adresseras för att förbättra utsikterna för samfinansierade R&D-projekt. Bland dessa finner vi exempelvis brist på finansiellt kapital, samarbetssvårigheter mellan intressenter, divergerande mål och brist på affärsmodellering. Resultaten och analysen pekar även på ett flertal åtgärder inom många av områdena som skulle kunna hjälpa projekten framåt. Studiens slutsats utgörs till större delen av en modell som tar hänsyn till projektets framåtskridande samt proaktiva åtgärder såsom finansiering, målsättning och samarbete samt reaktiva åtgärder såsom integration mot affärsområden och utvecklingsbolag för att minska barriärernas inflytande över projekten.
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Wang, Chia-Chi. "Online solicitation management system for the Office of Technology Transfer and Commercialization." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2005. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/2950.
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The Online Solicitation Management System (OSMS) is a web-based system designed for California State University, San Bernardino's Office of Technology Transfer and Commercialization (OTTC) to run grant proposal solicitations more efficiently. The system accepts grant proposals, finds the best matched evaluators, calculates evaluation scores, and generated reports. Users in the system are divided into five (5) different roles: system administrator, program officer, staff, evaluator and applicant.
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Culatta, Richard Edward. "Extending the reach of educational research : applying product commercialization processes to communities of practice /." Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2006. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd1799.pdf.
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Culatta, Richard Edward. "Extending the Reach of Educational Research: Applying Product Commercialization Processes to Communities of Practice." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2007. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/1047.
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The ability to extend educational research beyond the research community could have a great impact on end-users such as teachers, students, or educational administrators. One way to extend the use of educational research is to create tangible educational products; such as virtual simulations, instructional videos, and printed materials; which can be easily and widely distributed. In order to transform research into products, members of the research community must adopt and implement certain product commercialization processes. Effective processes, if not recognized by members of the community, are not helpful for ensuring that quality end products are reached. Likewise, a supportive community would not be able to create successful products without clear processes for doing so. For this reason, this study relied on research on communities of practice and product commercialization to set the foundation for discovering how a product commercialization community could be established. Interviews with faculty and administrators of the McKay School of Education at Brigham Young University were conducted. Qualitative methodology was used in the analysis of the interview data to allow themes to emerge that were important to the researchers. These themes included issues of project funding, human support, time, marketing experience, interaction with existing products, faculty reward system, and community structure and communication practices. Based on analysis of the interviews, the researcher identified several guidelines that would assist administrators in strengthening a community of educational product development among the members of the research community. These guidelines included focusing on motivators other than money, improving communication among members of the community and administrators, adding structure to the existing community, and conducting “quick-win" pilot programs. While this study did not attempt to implement any of these suggestions, it is anticipated that the results will provide a useful foundation for future studies addressing the issue in greater depth.
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Ustun, Teoman Emre 1976. "A study of commercialization factors in a Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) funded company." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/55247.
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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, System Design and Management Program, 2009.<br>Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.<br>Includes bibliographical references (p. 51-52).<br>A nation's ability to innovate is paramount for its success and survival among other nations. But capitalizing on these innovations and bringing them to the marketplace are what gives a nation its competitive edge and provide sustainable growth over time in this highly dynamic global economy. In the United States' complex innovation ecosystem, small businesses and entrepreneurs play a crucial role in innovating new technologies and commercializing them. Indeed many of the nation's large, successful and innovative firms started out as small entrepreneurial firms. Microsoft, Intel, AMD, FedEx, Qualcomm, Adobe are examples to these firms. These small entrepreneurial firms with new ideas need to garner fair amount of funding before they can bring their ideas into the marketplace. However for entrepreneurial companies with science based innovative ideas, due to the unproven nature of these ideas and the lack of sufficient public information, there exist knowledge asymmetries. Therefore possibility of getting direct venture capital and/or angel investment becomes very slim for these firms unless the idea's commercial potential is obviously clear or a customer is already available. To address this early stage financing gap and to increase private sector commercialization of innovations, the Federal government offers funding through its three phase private-public partnership innovation program, called Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) program.<br>(cont.) The purpose of this study is to investigate the existence of any correlations between commercialization of SBIR funded projects, specifically Phase II programs, and various characteristics of the involved entities in attempt to enhance commercialization performance of an SBIR funded company. We hope that the results of this study will be practical in defining commercialization strategies to achieve faster and stronger capitalization on R&D investment for both the awarded company and the federal government and hence the tax payers.<br>by Teoman E. Ustun.<br>S.M.
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Kim, Jisun. "Study of the Performance and Characteristics of U.S. Academic Research Institution Technology Commercialization (ARITC)." PDXScholar, 2011. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/494.
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This dissertation aims to provide a better understanding of the technology licensing practices of academic research institutions. The study identifies time durations in licensing and incorporates these into a model to evaluate licensing performance. Performance is measured by the efficiency of an institution's technology licensing process and efficiency changes over time, using Association of University Technology Managers annual survey data from 1991 to 2007. Organizational characteristics influencing the licensing performances of 46 U.S. research institutions also are explored. The study resulted in a new approach that integrates the identification of time lags in licensing, analysis of efficiency change, and exploration of the influence of organizational characteristics on efficiency change. A super-efficiency variable returns to scale data envelopment analysis (DEA) model was applied to the time-lag neutralized licensing data, to measure the efficiency of U.S. research institutions' licensing performance over time. The study also includes an innovative approach to resolving issues with the super-efficiency DEA model, including mathematical infeasibility and zero-data issues. The licensing mechanisms included in the study are disclosure, patent applications, patents issued, licenses and options executed, start-ups, and licensing income. The time duration from expenditure to licensing income, including all intermediating licensing processes, ranged from 2 to 27 years. The study identified the organizational characteristics related to licensing practice. Academic prestige and research quality are positively related to disclosure, patents granted, and start-up. The resources of a technology licensing office influences the number of licensing agreements, whereas licensing office experience has a positive relationship with start-ups. Increased licensing resources improve the efficiency of licensing practices, and a research institution with more dedicated licensing staff has improved licensing productivity. Private institutions improved their licensing practice more than public ones during the study period. On the other hand, institutions with a medical school demonstrated low efficiency. This dissertation fills a gap in the understanding of licensing practice and the organizational characteristics related to licensing performance. In addition, the study contributes to research methodology by providing a new approach to identifying time lags and improving the DEA method. The results, grounded in comprehensive observations over multiple time durations, provide an insight into the licensing practices of U.S. research institutions. The dissertation presents recommendations for research institutions based on the relationships identified among academic prestige, research intensity, organizational characteristics of the technology licensing office, and licensing performance.
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Holmgren, Annie, and Simon Karlsson. "The process of technology commercialization : A case study of project CHRISGAS." Thesis, Jönköping University, JIBS, EMM (Entrepreneurship, Marketing, Management), 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-893.
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<p>This thesis investigates, describes and understands the extensive process of technology commercialization. What stages there are, important aspects and implications. It is structured as a case analysis of project CHRISGAS development. CHRISGAS is a Swedish project, based in Värnamo, developing the technique of direct gasification of biomass to fuels.</p><p>The work has its origin in the debate of the imminent climate changes, where society needs to reduce its reliance on fossil fuels. The automotive sector (particularly transport) is significantly reliant. However, current attempts to transition to biofuels have not completely succeeded. New, efficient technologies must be commercialized, and the technology of wood gasification is said to be particularly promising for launching the next generation of biofuels.</p>
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Endalamaw, Tefera B., André Lindner, and Jürgen Pretzsch. "Indicators and Determinants of Small-Scale Bamboo Commercialization in Ethiopia." Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2013. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-125382.
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Bamboo is an abundant resource in Ethiopia and has a great potential for commercialization, which can drive rural development. In view of these realities, this study analyzed the state and determinants of small-scale bamboo commercialization in Ethiopia. Data were collected from three major bamboo-growing districts (Awi, Sidama, and Sheka) and four urban centers (Masha, Hawassa, Bahir Dar, and Addis Ababa) via semi-structured interviews, group discussions, and questionnaire surveys with key actors along the value chain. Results revealed distinctive differences in proportion of cash income, value chain structure, and management engagement among the districts. Percentages of cash income were 60.15, 42.60, and 9.48 at Awi, Sidam, and Sheka, respectively. Differences were statistically significant between Sheka and both other districts (p = 0.05), but not between Awi and Sidama. The value chain structure showed that compared with Sheka, Awi and Sidama have a relatively large number of actors involved. The major factors explaining commercialization differences among regions were distance to market and presence of alternative forest products. Within Sheka, households with larger family size, higher education attainment, and access to training reportedly engaged more in commercial extraction. Therefore, we conclude that development of infrastructure for linking resource and consumer centers and expansion of extension education among producers may enhance the commercial engagement of producers and improve the accessibility of bamboo resources for commercial production.
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Zharova, Alona. "Measures of University Research Output." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/18799.
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New Public Management unterstützt Universitäten und Forschungseinrichtungen dabei, in einem stark wettbewerbsorientierten Forschungsumfeld zu bestehen. Entscheidungen unter Unsicherheit, z.B. die Verteilung von Mitteln für den Forschungsbedarf und Forschungszwecke, erfordert von Politik und Hochschulmanagement, die Beziehungen zwischen den Dimensionen der Forschungsleistung und den resultierenden oder eingehenden Zuschüssen zu verstehen. Hierfür ist es wichtig, die Variablen der wissenschaftlichen Wissensproduktion auf der Ebene von Individuen, Forschungsgruppen und Universitäten zu untersuchen.
Das Kapitel 2 dieser Arbeit analysiert die Ebene der Individuen. Es verwendet die Beobachtungen der Forscherprofile von Handelsblatt (HB), Research Papers in Economics (RePEc, hier RP) und Google Scholar (GS) als meist verbreitete Ranking-Systeme in BWL und VWL im deutschsprachigen Raum.
Das Kapitel 3 liefert eine empirische Evidenz für die Ebene von Forschungsgruppen und verwendet die Daten eines Sonderforschungsbereichs (SFB) zu Finanzinputs und Forschungsoutput von 2005 bis 2016. Das Kapitel beginnt mit der Beschreibung passender Performanzindikatoren, gefolgt von einer innovativen visuellen Datenanalyse. Im Hauptteil des Kapitels untersucht die Arbeit mit Hilfe eines Zeit-Fixed-Effects-Panel- Modells und eines Fixed-Effects-Poisson-Modells den Zusammenhang zwischen finanziellen Inputs und Forschungsoutputs.
Das Kapitel 4 beschäftigt sich mit dem Niveau der Universitäten und untersucht die Interdependenzstruktur zwischen Drittmittelausgaben, Publikationen, Zitationen und akademischem Alter mit Hilfe eines PVARX-Modells, einer Impulsantwort und einer Zerlegung der Prognosefehlervarianz. Abschließend befasst sich das Kapitel mit den möglichen Implikationen für Politik und Entscheidungsfindung und schlägt Empfehlungen für das universitäre Forschungsmanagement vor.<br>New Public Management helps universities and research institutions to perform in a highly competitive research environment. Decision making in the face of uncertainty, for example distribution of funds for research needs and purposes, urges research policy makers and university managers to understand the relationships between the dimensions of research performance and the resulting or incoming grants. Thus, it is important to accurately reflect the variables of scientific knowledge production on the level of individuals, research groups and universities.
Chapter 2 of this thesis introduces an analysis on the level of individuals. The data are taken from the three widely-used ranking systems in the economic and business sciences among German-speaking countries: Handelsblatt (HB), Research Papers in Economics (RePEc, here RP) and Google Scholar (GS). It proposes a framework for collating ranking data for comparison purposes.
Chapter 3 provides empirical evidence on the level of research groups using data from a Collaborative Research Center (CRC) on financial inputs and research output from 2005 to 2016. First, suitable performance indicators are discussed. Second, main properties of the data are described using visualization techniques. Finally, the time fixed effects panel data model and the fixed effects Poisson model are used to analyze an interdependency between financial inputs and research outputs.
Chapter 4 examines the interdependence structure between third-party expenses (TPE), publications, citations and academic age using university data on individual performance in different scientific areas. A panel vector autoregressive model with exogenous variables (PVARX), impulse response functions and a forecast error variance decomposition help to capture the relationships in the system. To summarize, the chapter addresses the possible implications for policy and decision making and proposes recommendations for university research management.
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Nilsonne, Hjalmar. "Identification and Commercialization of HighlyValuable Manufacturing Innovations : A case study of innovations in the solar energy market." Thesis, KTH, Industriell ekonomi och organisation (Inst.), 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-98565.
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The increasing pace of technological change is creating significant disruptions in the marketplace. In these markets, successfully managing innovation has become a key competitive advantage. Global trends of low-cost manufacturing and environmental sustainability have mademanufacturing innovations increasingly important. Many alternative manufacturing solutions are developed in not-for-profit institutions such as universities and research centers. This has created a gap between the owners of new technologies and the potential beneficiary of the technology. Correctly asserting if an invention or technology has commercial potential is a challengingprospect.What methods can be used to evaluate the commercial potential of a new technology? Whatimportant considerations and delimitations must be made to provide a reliable value estimation?How should the commercial potential be communicated to stakeholders, financiers andcustomers? If there is commercial potential, how do you successfully commercialize thetechnology? These themes are explored in this study. The question of how to estimate the value of a ninvention is investigated in the first section. Using a case-study approach and looking at a new manufacturing technology in the solar cell market an attempt to estimate the value is made. The results show that the innovation value can be estimated using a quantitative approach where benefits and costs are estimated using publicly available data. This approach was found to work well for technologies that are sustaining the current manufacturing paradigm but struggled to provide an accurate estimation for newer technologies. The process was found to require a diverse set of skills and to preferably be made by a co-founder team with technical and industry knowledge. The second section focuses on how an invention can be successfully commercialized. By interviewing firms who had developed and sold manufacturing innovations and were growing quickly. They were found to have started their companies together with their customers and having had a close working relationship with them throughout the process. Furthermore, they were found to have founding teams who were close friends prior to starting the company. The firms also stressed approved patents and timing of financing as key factors to their success. As technology transfer between universities and large industrial firms become increasingly important the questions of how researchers and inventors can commercialize their technologies will attract much attention. This study provides clear guidelines on how to approach the processof finding and commercializing new technologies from the perspective of the inventor.
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Kim, Hyung Hoon. "The influence of entrepreneurial activities on teaching at Universities in the United States." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/24821.
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This study is to investigate the influence of entrepreneurial activities on teaching at universities. Specifically, the study focuses on entrepreneurial activities' effect on professors' time allocation. The dataset analyzed was constructed from the survey conducted by University of Illinois at Chicago in 1998. The sample was drawn from American academic professional associations' members of the four fields: experimental biology, physics, mathematics, and sociology.
Based on the data of 133 professors, the study shows that professors with paid consulting work tend to spend less time in teaching when research activities are controlled. Insignificant are the other variables about entrepreneurial activities: patent application, industry funding, and research collaboration with industry. Also, more research time is likely to result in less teaching time. Insignificant are the other research-related variables: research funding at large and collaborative research in general.
In terms of personal and institutional conditions, assistant professors tend to invest more time in teaching than senior professors, but they are likely to reduce more time on teaching than their senior counterparts for increasing research time. Finally, biology and sociology professors tend to allocate less time to teaching than physics and mathematics professors. In a word, entrepreneurial activities and research tend to conflict with teaching at the level of individual professors' time allocation.
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Nieminen, Mika. "Academic research in change : transformation of Finnish university policies and university research during the 1990s /." [Helsinki] : Finnish Society of Sciences and Letters, 2005. http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&doc_number=013110817&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA.
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Narasimhan, Anirudhan. "Commercialization of HFAC Electronic Nerve Block Technology to Treat Chronic Post Surgical Pain." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1290641992.
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Robertson, Tausha D. Brooks Edward F. "Characteristics of effective university-industry research relationships." Chapel Hill, N.C. : University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2006. http://dc.lib.unc.edu/u?/etd,498.
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Thesis (DrPH)--University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2006.<br>Title from electronic title page (viewed Oct. 10, 2007). "... in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Public Health in the Department of Health Policy and Administration." Discipline: Health Policy and Administration; Department/School: Public Health.
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Zhang, Haifei. "University Technology Transfer and Research Portfolio Management." Thesis, Harvard University, 2013. http://dissertations.umi.com/gsas.harvard:11038.
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University technology transfer is of critical importance to the U.S. innovation economy. Understanding the drivers of technology transfer efficiency will shed light on University research portfolio management. In this dissertation, survey data from The Association of University Technology Managers is analyzed in various aspects to offer a overall understanding of the technology transfer industry, which include University research fund composition, technology transfer office staffing, licenses executed to start-ups, small companies, and large companies, license income composition, legal fee expenditures, new patents applications, provisional patents, utility patents, and non USA patents, invention disclosures, U.S. patents issued, start-ups initiated, and annual averages of U.S. University technology transfer offices. Then, a two-stage technology transfer model based on Data Envelopment Analysis is proposed to address the limitation of the single-stage model. The two-stage model provides the capacity to evaluate the efficiencies of university research and technology transfer office separately and also as a whole, offering better insights for university technology transfer management. Year to year productivity changes are also measured using Malmquist Index. It is found the productivity growth has stemmed primarily from a growth in commercialization by all universities rather than a catching up by the inefficient universities. Finally, technology transfer efficiency and academic reputation is studied for the first time. Counter intuitively, they are not correlated. To further understand University research portfolio management, Modern Portfolio Theory is applied for the first time in this field. University disciplines are categorized into three major disciplines: engineering, physical and mathematical sciences, and biological and life sciences. The risk and return of technology transfer are defined and research portfolio risk-return curve are solved. Then correlation between portfolio balance and technology transfer efficiency are studied. It is found that a balanced portfolio is correlated to technology transfer efficiency, which means Universities can structure its research portfolio to increase technology transfer efficiency.<br>Engineering and Applied Sciences
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Pertuzé, Salas Julio Alberto. "Best practices for industry-university research collaborations." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/52756.
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Thesis (S.M. in Technology and Policy)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Engineering Systems Division, Technology and Policy Program, 2009.<br>This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.<br>Includes bibliographical references (p. 56-59).<br>This thesis reports a study of industry-university collaborations aimed at the development of best practices to enhance the impact of such collaborations on company competitiveness. The data sample involves twenty-five research-intensive multinational companies which engage in collaborative research on a regular basis. Over 100 different collaboration projects are analyzed through interviews with the responsible project managers and with senior technology officers. The interviewees provided both quantitative and qualitative information about the success and lack of success of the collaborations. Based on these data, seven best practices for managing collaborations have been defined which, when taken together, significantly contribute to the long-term success of the collaboration. These practices are: 1) select collaboration projects that complement company R&D; 2) select university researchers who understand specific industry goals and practices; 3) select project managers with strong boundary spanning capabilities; 4) promote longer collaboration timeframes; 5) provide appropriate internal support for project management; 6) conduct regular meetings at the company between university and industry researchers; and 7) build awareness of the university project inside the company.<br>by Julio Alberto Pertuzé Salas.<br>S.M.in Technology and Policy
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Chen, E. Yegin (Elmer Yegin). "The economics of university-industry research relationships." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/13149.
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Ostrom-Blonigen, Jean. "Funding the Technology of a Research University." Diss., North Dakota State University, 2013. https://hdl.handle.net/10365/27007.
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Using the central information technology unit (CITU) on the North Dakota State University (NDSU) campus, this project triangulated two independent studies in an effort to converge data findings. The studies were conducted in an effort to determine whether CITU?s budget constraints were known to its stakeholders and how the extended use of the theory of Communication Privacy Management (CPM) into this organizational communication setting might be possible. The studies, which were both conducted by a CITU employee (participant/observer) included: 1) an online email survey involving 244 non-student employee participants and 2) interviews with 21 non-student employees. In Study #1, the participant/observer and two independent coders found, with the exception of CITU?s leadership, that NDSU?s non-student employees did not appear to consider CITU?s budget constraints in their IT needs/requests of CITU. From these results, the participant/observer and two independent coders identified a communication opportunity for CITU to create a message linking CITU?s inability to meet the campus? IT needs/requests directly to its budget constraints. In Study #2, the participant/observer and two independent coders again found, with the exception of CITU?s leadership, that NDSU?s non-student employees did not appear to consider CITU?s budget constraints in their IT needs/requests of CITU. Additionally, the participant/observer and two independent coders found the presence of all six CPM propositions and four facets of communication identified in both the CPM and organizational communication literature. Even in an open-records state, such as North Dakota, CPM may be useful in describing the communication challenges surrounding both private and traditionally private information within newly formed organizations like CITU or within existing organizations that function more as a set of unrelated individuals. Central IT units or other organizations that are experiencing relationship dissatisfaction with their stakeholders due to budget constraints must work to invite their stakeholders to be co-owners in their budget difficulties, so that they understand why their IT need/requests are not being met. In order to accomplish this task, CITU?s message must be simple and consistent and must be accompanied by a firm set of negotiated rules. When messages are consistent and understood, satisfied co-ownership exists.
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Stafford, Mehary T. "Faculty Research Productivity at Addis Ababa University." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2011. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc67945/.
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This study explores the research productivity of Addis Ababa University (AAU) faculty. AAU was established in 1950 and is the oldest modern higher educational institution in Ethiopia. Recently AAU took steps to transform itself to become a pre-eminent African research university. One of the characteristics of a research university is the focus on the amount of research conducted by the institution's faculty. Academic institutions measure research productivity primarily based on published work. The purpose of this study was to analyze the research productivity of AAU faculty, and to examine the differential predictive effects of individual and environmental variables on faculty research productivity. This quantitative study used a theoretical framework and instrument, Faculty at Work. Four hundred questionnaires were distributed to Addis AAU faculty in person and 298 questionnaires were returned resulting in a 74.5% response rate. After exclusion of 12 cases with missing information, 286 cases (71.5% response rate) were analyzed. Most of the respondents were men (M = 92.1%, F = 7.9%). The average age of AAU faculty was 44. A hierarchical multiple regression was used to examine the ability of six sets of independent variables (sociodemographic, career, self-knowledge, social knowledge, behavior, and environmental response) to predict research productivity (publication output). Results indicated that there are productive researchers at AAU, and the theoretical framework explained 67.6% of the variance in publication output.
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Bansi, Ramika. "Commercialization of university innovation in South Africa." Thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10321/1485.
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Submitted in fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of Doctor of Technology: Public Management, Durban University of Technology. Durban, South Africa, 2016.<br>Globally, commercialization of university innovation has increased and gained in interest by universities, industry and politicians. The idea of marketing innovation produced by universities is the practice embraced in most advanced economies. However, government’s investment in R&D have not generated the anticipated return. A gap has been identified between innovation developed from publicly financed research and the failure to convert these findings into tangible outcomes.
This thesis reports on an investigation of the reasons for the current low rate of commercialization of innovations at South African universities, with a view to increasing this rate. From a survey of intellectual property and technology transfer (IP&TTO) managers and interviews with individual innovators, the main contributory factors were found to be a lack of support from university management, insufficient incentives for innovators, limited access to funding opportunities, institutional bureaucratic regulations and an inefficient system of decision making with regards to intellectual property.
Accordingly, the critical measures which can be modified in order to build university IP&TTO success are senior executive support for innovation and commercialization activity, a greater share of financial rewards to individual innovators and a streamlined decision making procedures concerning intellectual property assets.
University, government and industry executives need to demonstrate genuine support for research and innovation development activity over the long term, allocate the necessary resources required for its success, and implement a long term strategy for intellectual property.
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Lowe, Robert Alan. "Invention, innovation, and entrepreneurship : the commercialization of university research by inventor-founded firms /." 2002. http://www.gbv.de/dms/zbw/558296149.pdf.
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Lu, Shih Pei, and 盧詩佩. "Universities’ Research Commercialization Strategy: The Cases of Taiwan University of Science and Technology and Feng Chia University." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/yhb5f4.
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碩士<br>國立清華大學<br>科技管理研究所<br>104<br>The concept of entrepreneurial university, contributing in economy and society, is more and more valued after reforming the related institutional contexts. Entrepreneurial universities take researches or knowledge as commercial value putted into the market. The literature emphasized more on how environment makes commercialization activities worked. However, there are less discussion on what kinds of the commercialization strategies in campus are. This research pay more attention to how to operate and integrate commercialization strategies in entrepreneurial universities, including, University-Industry collaboration, technology transfer, and business incubation, studied with data collection, interview, and case study to investigate NTUST and FCU.
We found that the commercialization strategies are deeply influenced by the environmental contexts. The ones in NTUST concentrating on industrial excellence and faculty autonomy are developed in patents, U-I collaboration, technology transfer, and business incubation in balance. The ones in FCU with high consensus of contributing industry are mainly driven by U-I collaboration.
The commercial strategy in entrepreneurial university should develop their characteristic by their background and different factors of environment. In addition, the strategy to put academic knowledge on the market should be revised by their environment and business strategies to approach their goal.
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蔡秀玲. "The Commercialization of Higher Education in New Economy -A study of the American Research University." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/43441184751225850994.
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碩士<br>國立交通大學<br>教育研究所<br>96<br>Abstract
This study aims to explore the commercialization of higher education in the new economy, an era characterized by knowledge, information and technology. In the fast moving society, the higher education has been brought to this new challenge, “commercialization or not?” The study find out the functional change on the higher education and looks up the impact of the commercialization of the American research university .
The purposes of this study includes:
1.To understand the rising of the new economy and its characteristics.
2.To discuss the impacts of the new economy on higher education.
3.To examine the marketization and commercialization of higher education.
4.To understand the features and the commercial context of the American research university.
5.To analyze the commercial models and influence of the American research university.
6.To provide useful suggestions for Taiwan’s policy making in higher education
The study has derived the following findings and conclusions:
1.The characteristics of the new economy: a society is evolving into a technological, postindustrial, knowledge-based society.
2.The new economy accelerates the commercialization of the higher education and lead to new model on higher education.
3.The market force drives the commercial development of higher education
4.The research university's outputs have marketable values, and become an important role in economic development.
5.The American research university owns the historic path in commercialization and develops various commercial models in new economic.
6.The commercialization of the research university challenges the traditional role and value on higher education.
Finally, the study suggests that:
1. The university should be more serious when commercialized, and try to balance the public and private interest.
2. The university should set a target for new economic paradigm.
3. The higher education should offer students new learning experience in new economy.
4. The commercialization of the American research university offers experience for Taiwan’s higher education.
Keywords: the new economy, research university, commercialization