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1
White, Ben. "Consultation, commissions and context : a comparative study of the Law Commission and the Australian Law Reform Commission." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2004. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:3e4ac1be-ae55-40b2-8f2f-4421d0cfa243.
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This thesis compares the consultation conducted by the Law Commission ('LC') and the Australian Law Reform Commission ('ALRC'). Its first goal is to describe the process in detail, which begins with the purposes of consultation. Next, the process of consultation is described with a discussion of each of the techniques employed by the Commissions. Although there is much overlap in how the LC and the ALRC consult, they do approach the exercise differently and these differences are discussed. The description of the Commissions' consultation concludes by examining its impact. A second goal is to compare the two Commissions' approach to consultation and this comparison is aided by the development of two models: the English Commission's expert model of consultation and the Australian Commission's more inclusive model. Underpinning the comparison between the two Commissions and these different models is the intended target of the consultation exercise. It is argued that the LC's decisions are motivated by the goal of securing expertise, more than is the case at the ALRC. By contrast, the Australian Commission is influenced more than is its English counterpart by a desire to include as many consultees as possible. An important part of this comparative study is to explain why the two Commissions consult differently. The most significant reasons are the history of two Commissions, especially the role of the founding Chairmen, and the types of projects that the Commissions undertake. A third goal, albeit only a tentative one, is to suggest ways in which the Commissions could improve their consultation. These comments are scattered throughout the thesis, but one theme that emerged was that there seems to be insufficient thought given to a number of important stages in the consultation process.
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Lai, Man-foon Vivian, and 黎萬寬. "Study of vegetation densities on groundwater recharge." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2003. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B44570053.
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Groth, John H. "A historical study of the Inter-Lutheran Commission on Worship." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 1992. http://www.tren.com.
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Al, Sghair Fathi Goma. "Remote sensing and GIS for wetland vegetation study." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2013. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/4581/.
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Remote Sensing (RS) and Geographic Information System (GIS) approaches, combined with ground truthing, are providing new tools for advanced ecosystem management, by providing the ability to monitor change over time at local, regional, and global scales. In this study, remote sensing (Landsat TM and aerial photographs) and GIS, combined with ground truthing work, were used to assess wetland vegetation change over time at two contrasting wetland sites in the UK: freshwater wetland at Wicken Fen between 1984 and 2009, and saltmarsh between 1988 and 2009 in Caerlaverock Reserve. Ground truthing studies were carried out in Wicken Fen (UK National Grid Reference TL 5570) during 14th - 18th June 2010: forty 1 m2 quadrats were taken in total, placed randomly along six transects in different vegetation types. The survey in the second Study Area Caerlaverock Reserve (UK National Grid Reference NY0464) was conducted on 5th - 9th July 2011, with a total of forty-eight 1 m2 quadrats placed randomly along seven transects in different vegetation types within the study area. Two-way indicator species (TWINSPAN) was used for classification the ground truth samples, taking separation on eigenvalues with high value (>0.500), to define end-groups of samples. The samples were classified into four sample-groups based on data from 40 quadrats in Wicken Fen, while the data were from 48 quadrats divided into five sample-groups in Caerlaverock Reserve. The primary analysis was conducted by interpreting vegetation cover from aerial photographs, using GIS combined with ground truth data. Unsupervised and supervised classifications with the same technique for aerial photography interpretation were used to interpret the vegetation cover in the Landsat TM images. In Wicken Fen, Landsat TM images were used from 18th August 1984 and 23rd August 2009; for Caerlaverock Reserve Landsat TM imagery used was taken from 14th May 1988 and 11th July 2009. Aerial photograph imagery for Wicken Fen was from 1985 and 2009; and for Caerlaverock Reserve, from 1988 and 2009. Both the results from analysis of aerial photographs and Landsat TM imagery showed a substantial temporal change in vegetation during the period of study at Wicken Fen, most likely primarily produced by the management programme, rather than being due to natural change. In Cearlaverock Reserve, results from aerial photography interpretation indicated a slight change in the cover of shrubs during the period 1988 to 2009, but little other change over the study period. The results show that the classification accuracy using aerial photography was higher than that of Landsat TM data. The difference of classification accuracy between aerial photography and Landsat TM, especially in Caerlaverock Reserve, was due to the low resolution of Landsat TM images, and the fact that some vegetation classes occupied an area less than that of the pixel size of the TM image. Based on the mapping exercise, the aerial photographs produced better vegetation classes (when compared with ground truthing data) than Landsat TM images, because aerial photos have a higher spatial resolution than the Landsat TM images. Perhaps the most important conclusion of this study is that it provides evidence that the RS/GIS approach can provide useful baseline data about wetland vegetation change over time, and across quite expansive areas, which can therefore provide valuable information to aid the management and conservation of wetland habitats.
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Abdelkhaliq, Nur. "European Commission, migration and the external dimension : a study of organisation." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/7768.
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The thesis examines how the European Commission incorporated and implemented migration policy as part of the European Union’s external relations, also known as the external dimension of migration. The focus of the thesis is on the period between the coming into force of the Amsterdam Treaty in 1999, when migration largely came to fall under the Commission’s remit, and the ratification of the Lisbon Treaty in 2009. The study compares how the Commission’s Directorates-General (DGs) involved in the external dimension of migration during this period—Justice, Liberty and Security, External Relations and Development—made sense of the changes introduced to their responsibilities. The thesis proposes that the concept of organisational culture, drawn from organisational sociology, can explain how actors interact with and collectively make sense of their organisational environment. The main argument of the thesis is that each of the DGs possesses an organisational culture based on its members’ shared readings of priorities and the function of their unit. The thesis examines these divergent organisational cultures to gauge how policies are internalised and translated into output. The analysis contributes to the external governance literature, which has theorised the external dimension of migration as a continuation of European integration processes without accounting for internal organisational dynamics. It also leads to reflections on organisational sociology theorising, and the implications of the findings on studies of organisational change and implementation. This thesis is divided into five chapters. The first provides a background for how the Commission came to be involved in migration policy. The second provides a theoretical framework for the study, building on organisational sociology. The remaining chapters empirically analyse the three elements of organisational culture: DG members’ sources of organisational identity, their perceptions and prioritisations of the external dimension of migration, and their reading of the Commission’s implementation practices, focusing on relations with Morocco as a tool for illustrating the latter.
6
Odhiambo, Donnet Rose Adhiambo. "The Ethics and Anti-Corruption Commission of Kenya : a critical study." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/5516.
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Franklin, Timothy V. "An educational reform commission and institutional change : case study of the policies, politics, and processes of the Knight Foundation Commission on Intercollegiate Athletics /." Diss., This resource online, 1992. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-08232007-113128/.
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Butler, Daniel L. ""Go into all the world" a study of the Great Commission texts and the church's response in Acts /." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 2002. http://www.tren.com.
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Yeung, Chi-ling, and 楊志凌. "Roadside ruderal vegetation: a case study in Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1990. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31210107.
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Mason, Paul M. "A study of land use and vegetation at SENTA." Thesis, Aberystwyth University, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.308748.
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Yeung, Chi-ling. "Roadside ruderal vegetation : a case study in Hong Kong /." [Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong], 1990. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B12929980.
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Radford, Leigh Alexander Bryce. "Management of roadside vegetation : a study of the management of the roadside vegetation of the District Council of Bute /." Title page, table of contents and abstract only, 1986. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09AR/09arr128.pdf.
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Comeau, Gina Sandra. "From the bottom-up? The Chaleur Regional Development Commission, Inc.: A case study." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp05/mq20969.pdf.
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Haley, Ella. "Methodology to deconstruct environmental inquiries using the Hall Commission as a case study." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/NQ59138.pdf.
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Merryweather, Mark. "A Feasibility Study of An Online System For the Ontario Police Commission Library." NSUWorks, 1988. http://nsuworks.nova.edu/gscis_etd/722.
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In this study an investigation was conducted that examined the feasibility of establishing the Ontario Police Commission Library catalogue online through a police network that was being newly developed and tested called OMPPAC. The author first reviewed the history behind the Ontario Municipal and Provincial Police Automation Co-operative (OMPPAC) and its connection with 'the Ontario Police Commission (OPC). The investigator made it clear that, although activities in police forces were becoming increasingly more automated, officers did not have online access to any police library either on a provincial or federal level.
The researcher suggested that the OPC Library (designed to serve all the municipal forces across the province) be made available to the police through OMPPAC. The researcher then provided a comprehensive literature review that examined articles and books written on police libraries, feasibility studies, online catalogues and good survey design. The final stage, the feasibility study, followed the literature review.
For this study, the author informally collected the information that was needed in order to discover how familiar the police were with automation, and what they would have liked to have seen available online. The researcher next addressed the nature of the online database from the perspective of both the potential user and the librarian. A project plan for implementation and a requirements document followed.
The researcher then assessed the tangible benefits (e. g. a reduction in the amount of photocopying) and the intangible benefits (e. g. improvements in service to the municipal forces, OPC leadership and a catalogue made available Ministry-wide). The author concluded that, although costs were minimal and that the expertise was certainly available within the Ministry of the Solicitor General, the project would remain on abeyance until the Ontario Police Commission received funding and agreed to proceed with it.
16
Lloyd, Edward Gareth. "The revision of the Eucharist in the Church of England : a study of liturgical change in the twentieth century." Thesis, Durham University, 1997. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/1049/.
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The Church of England has experienced two substantial periods of liturgical revisior during this century, spanning between them almost 50 years. The reforms came in response to pressures for change within Church and society, and also reflectec doctrinal, missiological and scholarly tensions within the Church itself. The significance of the first period of revision, 1906-1928, is frequently underestimated The literature emphasizes the 1928 Prayer Book's role as a disciplinary standard, bu1 neglects the liturgical debate and discussion which lay behind it. While the Book itself was a conservative revision of the 1662 Prayer Book, the background to its compilatior reveals two important and vigorous strands of debate. Firstly, the Church was struggling to find an identity and character as a catholic, as well as a reformed, body and secondly, there were impassioned pleas for a more accessible liturgy to meet the needs of unchurched people. The second period of revision, 1955-1980, culminating in the publication of the Alternative Service Book, was more obviously successful in translating pressures fOr change into a living liturgy. The most significant influence was the widespread adoption of 'parish communion' ideals, which the new eucharistic rites are designed to serve. However, liturgical scholarship has also been hugely influential on new rites, and the extent of this has not been fully recognised. While changes in the understanding of eucharistic sacrifice and prayer for the dead were well debated, other reforms, particularly the adoption of Dix's four-action shape and implicit changes ir the doctrine of consecration, have received less attention than they deserve. This thesis attempts to remedy these deficiencies, and offers a fresh account of the work of revision. Attention is concentrated on the eucharist. The thesis is rooted in primary sources, particularly the papers of the Liturgical Commission and the Church's synods.
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Castellano, Jorge Aurora. "Species richness in riparian vegetation, a pilot study in Halmstad." Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Miljövetenskap, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-27952.
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The riparian forests are hotspots of biodiversity and serve important roles in maintainingthe water quality. The study and understanding of this ecosystem is basic to know how theriparian zones respond to the threat and the changes produced by the urbanization. Theobjective of this pilot study was to know the species richness and check the status of theriparian vegetation along two different rivers in Halmstad, Nissan and Fylleån. The studywas focus on the status of trees at both rivers to see if the proximity of the city has anyimpact on the biodiversity. In total 9 different species were found, nevertheless only 3 ofthese species were founded on both localizations: Quercus robur, Betula pendula and Pinussylvestris. The Shannon Index showed a higher biodiversity on Nissan riparian zones, whichis the river that present the urban component. The urban area is the one that presentshigher level of biodiversity, tree species and number of individuals but there are notenough to be in a good standard. The result just show that the urban area is in a bettercondition that the natural one. The institutional efforts should be focusing on preserveboth environments with special attention to the natural environment.
18
Mugnier, Christophe Georges. "Experiment study of the influence of vegetation on longitudinal dispersion." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/35045.
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Thesis (M.S.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 1995.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 80-82).
by Christophe George Mugnier.
M.S.
19
Axelsson, Christoffer R. "A Study of African Savanna Vegetation Structure, Patterning, and Change." Thesis, South Dakota State University, 2018. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10831282.
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African savannas cover roughly half of the continent, are home to a great diversity of wildlife, and provide ecosystem services to large populations. Savannas showcase a great diversity in vegetation structure, resulting from variation in climatic, edaphic, topographic, and biological factors. Fires play a large role as savannas are the most frequently burned ecosystems on Earth. To study how savanna vegetation structure shifts with environmental factors, it is necessary to gather site data covering the full gradient of climatic and edaphic conditions. Several earlier studies have used coarse resolution satellite remote sensing data to study variation in woody cover. These woody cover estimates have limited accuracy in drylands where the woody component is relatively small, and the data cannot reveal more detailed information on the vegetation structure. We therefore know little about how other structural components, tree densities, crown sizes, and the spatial pattern of woody plants, vary across environmental gradients.
This thesis aimed to examine how woody vegetation structure and change in woody cover vary with environmental conditions. The analyses depended on access to very high spatial resolution (<1 m) satellite imagery from sites spread across African savannas. The high resolution data combined with a crown delineation method enabled me to estimate variation in tree densities, mean crown size and the level of aggregation among woody plants. With overlapping older and newer imagery at most of the sites, I was also able to estimate change in woody cover over a 10-year period. I found that higher woody plant aggregation is associated with drier climates, high rainfall variability, and fine-textured soils. These same factors were also indicative of the areas where highly organized periodic vegetation patterns were found. The study also found that observed increases in woody cover across the rainfall gradient is more a result of increasing crown sizes than variation in tree density. The analysis of woody cover change found a mean increase of 0.25 % per year, indicating an ongoing trend of woody encroachment. I could not attribute this trend to any of the investigated environmental factors and it may result from higher atmospheric CO2 concentrations, which has been proposed in other studies. The most influential predictor of woody cover change in the analysis was the difference between potential woody cover and initial woody cover, which highlights the role of competition for water and density dependent regulation when studying encroachment rates. The second most important predictor was fire frequency.
To better understand and explain the dominant ecosystem processes controlling savanna vegetation structure, I constructed a spatially explicit model that simulates the growth of herbaceous and woody vegetation in a landscape. The model reproduced several of the trends in woody vegetation structure earlier found in the remote sensing analysis. These include how tree densities and crowns sizes respond differently to increases in precipitation along the full rainfall range, and the factors controlling the spatial pattern of trees in a landscape.
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Hooks, Philip N. "A vegetation study of the communities on Mount Mulanje, Malawi." Thesis, University of Cape Town, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/26178.
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Sinha, Samrat. "Regulatory oversight over electoral processes a case study of the Election Commission of India /." Access to citation, abstract and download form provided by ProQuest Information and Learning Company; downloadable PDF file, 296 p, 2009. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1679682951&sid=2&Fmt=2&clientId=8331&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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Wiedermann, Magdalena. "Responses of peatland vegetation to enhanced nitrogen." Doctoral thesis, Umeå : Department of Ecology and Environmental Science, Umeå University, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-1655.
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Secord, Andrew G. "Megaprojects in maritime Canada : a case study of the New Brunswick Electric Power Commission." Thesis, University of Sussex, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.359149.
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The research provides an explanatory account of the changes in electrical policy in New Brunswick beginning with the origins of the New Brunswick Electric Power Commission in the 1920s and culminating in the nuclear option of the 1970s and 1980s. This involves an explanation of the origins of the state enterprise in the 1920s, its truncated development in the 1930s, its growth in the 1950s under the "power for industry" model, and the export-led strategy of the 1970s and 1980s. Located in an economically underdeveloped region of Canada, the relatively successful state enterprise had significant implications for private accumulation and provincial politics. The growth of the New Brunswick Electric Power Commission was such that it was able to embark on an allnuclear option which placed its construction proj ects on the scale of the federal megaprojects of the 1980s in Canada. The research concludes with a discussion of the contradictions of the exportled model and recent political responses to it. A documentary style is followed in the thesis, utilizing the archival records of four different governments in New Brunswick between 1940 and 1986, records of the state enterprise made available under Right to Information procedures, federal government archival records, and interviews.
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Wood, Brenden Thomas. "Civilian Control in Carceral Space: A Case Study of the Krasnoiarsk Public Oversight Commission." The Ohio State University, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1552989766838694.
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Propastin, Pavel. "Remote sensing based study on vegetation dynamics in drylands of Kazakhstan." Doctoral thesis, Stuttgart Ibidem-Verl, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-1735-0000-0006-B26A-A.
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Hsu, Hsin-Ting, and 徐信鼎. "Railway Overhead Contact System Commission Test Study." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/a5veq7.
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碩士國立臺北科技大學
電機工程系研究所
97
Railway overhead contact system commission test includes pressured-electricity delivery test, interference test and short circuit interference test is implemented before the operation of the newly-built construction or reconstruction. The key of this paper is to survey if the commission test procedures and methods of interference test that have been used on railway overhead contact system in the past can meet with the requirements of Taiwan railway at modern age. Railway overhead contact system commission test included Interference test and short circuit of Interference test. Under these two tests, it also can be separate to two different methods simple and uniform. In the past, the generator had been used in the interference test to supply low voltage and electric current to simulate the condition about electric current and magnetic-field distribution in the operation of railway overhead contact system; exam if the figures will conform to railway specification by the readings of test instrument. How to improve the efficiency and accuracy of the tests by up-to-day modern test instruments would be also a considerable topic for discussion. Through the construction commission test, the test instruments can direct us to find and correct the potential defects and problems timely to ensure the safety of railway assets and working staffs. Since test methods are various, how to find the best test method to match up real conditions and demand of Taiwan railway is the main subject of this research.
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Tasi, Chia-Ming, and 蔡家銘. "Study on Vegetation Ecology in Kinmen." Thesis, 2004. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/41376430645578274207.
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碩士國立中興大學
森林學系
93
Kinmen is located within the Siamen Bay of Fujian Province in China. To the west, at a distance of about 10 km, is the Siamen outport. To the east, at a distance of 277 km, is Taiwan. The islands lie at the same latitude with Taichung and belong to typical continental islands. The objective of this study is to perform an inventory of plant species and vegetation analysis. This study set up 125 sampling plots. In the vascular plant inventory, there are 199 families, 399 genera, 603 species among which 57 species may not exist in Taiwan and account for 9.3% of total. The 32 species of total are rare. Their morphological structures, distribution, and disturbance situations were described. According to the matrix cluster analysis (MCA), the vegetation can be classified into 19 types: Vitex negundo type, Litsea glutinosa-Celtis sinensis type, Ficus microcarpa type, Morus australis type, Celtis biondii type, Leucaena leucocephala type, Ficus superba-Acacia confusa type, and Pinus massoniana type were native vegetation. Acacia confusa type, Ulmus parvifolia type, Cinnamomum camphora type, Fraxinus griffithii type, Casuarina equisetifolia type, Liquidambar formosana type, Eucalyptus citriodora type,. Pinus luchuensis type, Koelreuteria henryi type, Albizia lebbeck type, and Pinus elliottii type were plantations. In the species diversity analysis, the four indexes of each type were different apparently. The evenness index was about 0.6-0.8. This meant the period was steady and mature. Comparing the plant similarity with nearby regions, the highest similarity was located on the Fujian region; the second similarity was Taiwan and Hainan; the lowest was Ryukyu. The results of this study was showed the plantations which mostly were Casuarina equisetfolia and Acacia confuse were main forest types in Kinmen. If the plantations become maladjustment, weak, death, and poor regeneration that will be replace by native plants in the future. Native vegetation was distributed merely in the place that was less artificial destruction. These location still keep small areas and less destroy vegetation.
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Huang, Hsin-Jen, and 黃信仁. "A Study of Vegetation Soil Permeability." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/32292530801772290931.
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碩士國立屏東科技大學
土木工程系所
102
Ecological Engineering Method is one of the most broadly suggested designs for construction to sustain the environmental balance. The purpose of this research is trying to estimate the influence of vegetation characteristics on permeability of composed soil which planted with Bahia and Bermuda grass. The study select the soil of the Dong-Gang river as the culture soil in the experiment. Bahia grass and Bermuda grass was planted by the design density and compaction to precede the constant head permeability test, root physical test and tensile test. The study analyzed the effect of permeability under different factors such as growth periods and compaction. The results show that the RD and RLD of Bahia grass is larger than Bermuda grass, at standard density soil sample. RD changed from 75.45 g/m3 to 269.11 g/m3 which increased 4 times, so the soil gripped well for Bahia grass. The second part of this study set up an experiment of constant head permeability with multi materials of Bahia grass, Bermuda grass and soil. The result shows that the permeability of Bahia grass sample increased by increasing the plant density and days. For standard sample growth period example, it changed from 0.0076 cm/s to 0.0132 cm/s. While Bermuda grass, on the contrary, the permeability decreased by increasing the plant density and days. For standard sample growth period example, it changed from 0.0125 cm/s to 0.0055 cm/s.
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Lin, Chuan-Sheng, and 林泉盛. "Study of Slope Stability by Vegetation." Thesis, 2004. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/88110448924570470632.
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碩士國立臺灣海洋大學
河海工程學系
92
Abstract The collapse of slope due to the internal and external factors, which complied with the geographical features that suited local circumstances, therefore, the slope protection becomes very important. The collapse of the partial road in the central Taiwan caused by 921 earthquakes in 1999, and vegetation on the landsides was destroyed seriously. Additional soil erosion and debris flow may happen when heavy raining or earthquakes if the slope is not protected. As a result, the affection of the transportation and tourism cause of the road interrupter. The collapse of slope became more steep cause by earthquake, downpour or road building, so some of traditional vegetation engineering methods can not be used on the slop. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of several vegetation engineering methods, including 1.anchoring slop, 2.seeding with adhesive, and 3.directly spouting vegetation. Through testing with the different engineering methods at the same place, the obtained results showed the best average plant recovery was in directly spouting vegetation; for a steep slop, the best vegetation engineering methods was in square frame plots had highest resistance to soil erosion; for the uncovered land of rebuilding urgently, the best vegetation engineering methods was in directly spouting vegetation engineering methods had accelerate planet recovery; however the seeding with adhesive is economical. On the other hand, in order to realize the effect of the rebuilding collapse land and recovering slope and plant alternating, in addition to artificial rebuilding vegetation engineering mentioned above, the introduction of herbaceous and woody plant seeds to match up local soil can accelerate the plant succession and the restoration of landslides. By the usage of hydro seeding to protect the slope can speed the process of project and beautify the environment. Expecting a good protective effect on slope in the initial time of projecting depends much on the cohesive agent. This study uses Festura arundinacea, Chloris gavana Kunth, Bermuda grass, and Bahia grass, as the primary experimental plants to probe the cohesive agent affecting on protective effect of slope land surface and initial growth of plants of plants, expect to offer the reference in the hydro seeding project hereafter.
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Liao, Jia-Hong, and 廖家宏. "Study on Vegetation Diversity of Peitawushan." Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/44852269367190280744.
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碩士國立屏東科技大學
森林系
94
The aims of this study were to investigate the vegetation diversity and plants diversity pattern along altitudinal gradient and aspects of Peitawushan. 35 plots of 0.05 ha were laid and 8 environmental factors were observed. There were 596 species of vascular plants, among which 27 were recognized as rare plants. Three vegetation types and four subtypes were identified using detrended correspondence analysis (DCA) and two-way indicator species analysis (TWINSPAN). The first vegetation type was Eurya glaberrima-Tsuga chinensis var. formosana type. The second vegetation type was Machilus japonica-Litsea acuminata type which could be further subdivided into Osmanthus enervis-Machilus japonica subtype, Rhododendron formosanum subtype, Beilschmiedia erythrophloia- Machilus thunbergii subtype, and Pachycentria formosana-Carpinus kawakamii subtype. The third vegetation type was Litsea hypophaea-Ilex asprella type. Canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) indicated that altitude, topographic position, slope, stone and coverage of canopy made significant contribution to the variation of vegetation composition. The species response curves showed that the dominant species had a wider range of tolerance along the environmental gradients than did characteristic species. For woody species, the Beilschmiedia erythrophloia-Machilus thunbergii subtype had the highest alpha diversity values as measured by evenness, Shannon and Simpson indices. Pachycentria formosana-Carpinus kawakamii subtype on the other hand had the highest values on the species richness and Avalanche index. For herbaceous plants, the Beilschmiedia erythrophloia-Machilus thunbergii subtype had the highest value on species richness, while the Osmanthus enervis-Machilus japonica subtype had the highest values on evenness index, Shannon index, and Simpson index, and the Pachycentria formosana-Carpinus kawakamii subtype had the highest values on Avalanche index. In terms of habit, the proportion of herbaceous plants in the southern transect was generally higher than that of the northern transect at the corresponding altitude. Concerning the beta diversity, the 95% turnover range for the woody species in the southern transect was calculated as 967 m. Both woody and herbaceous species showed the highest turnover ratios at elevation 1,359-1,457 m. For the northern transect, the change in species composition with altitude was less obvious. The highest turnover ratios of woody species and herbaceous species were observed at elevations 1,560-1,650 m and 1,650-1,740 m respectively.
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Lin, Ming-Chang, and 林明昌. "A Study of PRC''S Commission for Discipline Inspection." Thesis, 1994. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/20981515315059415592.
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Yang, Chin-Jeng, and 楊誌正. "The Study of Considerations Pay Commission of Insurance Agent." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/91653973590945203137.
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碩士淡江大學
保險學系保險經營碩士班
99
Until now,although insurers get the power to determine the pay commission of insurance agents. But it does not have any standard of considerations. Because insurers do not considerate qualitative and quantitative factors of insurance agents. Gradually, insurance agents lack incentives of motivation and progress. In consequence, insurance agents are difficult to upgrade quality of insurance agents. Therefore, the thesis imitates Japanese experience of classification of insurance agents. In addition, the thesis considers principles of fairness、rationality、comprehension、incentive、classification、professional、preview、effectiveness to construct considerations pay commission of insurance agents. One is quantitative factor: sales volume、ratio of accomplishment、loss ratio、ratio of continuance、ratio of growth、period of cooperation、discipline of obey law; another is qualitative factor: classification、type of organization、hierarchical management、range of authorization、ability of potential、efficiency of work、area of business. Insurers base on those factors to evaluate insurance agents and pay commission. Finally, synthesizes the above conclusion, we expect to get the goal of following: (1) To construct classification to the domestic insurance agents. (2) The standard of insurance agents maintain advantages and improve shortcoming. (3) Auxiliary information of the authority supervises industry of insurance.
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YANG, MIN-HUEI, and 楊敏慧. "The Study on Commission Disbursement of Profit-Seeking Enterprises." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/37561243575988847669.
Full textAbstract:
碩士中原大學
財經法律研究所
96
In an attempt to clearly interpret the nature of the Guidelines for the Audit of Income Taxes on Profit-Making-Enterprises and to set a clear definition for “commission disbursement＂ stipulated in Article 92 of the Guidelines, the Justices of the Constitutional Court, the Judicial Yuan, issued, on October 30, 1997, the Judicial Yuan Interpretation No.438: “The Guidelines for the Audit of Income Taxes on Profit-making-Enterprises issued by the Ministry of Finance on December 30, 1993, are intended to regulate the investigation and review of, and other matters in connection with, final business income tax returns. The Guidelines set forth in Article 92, Paragraph 5, Subparagraph 5, that “where an overseas commission is paid locally in New Taiwan dollars, a receipt issued in the name of the overseas agent or distributor must be produced for verification purposes, to the extent that the amount of such commission does not exceed three percent of the selling price of the goods exported.＂ The clause is meant to regulate such technical details as the verification and proof of such commission payment, and is necessary in order to simplify the tax collection operation and to prevent superfluous declaration of overseas commission payment. It does not go beyond the relevant provisions of the Income Tax Act and other laws, nor does it place any additional taxations on the people, and is therefore not in conflict with Articles 15, 19, and 23 of the Constitution. Furthermore, the clause is not contrary to the principle of equality enunciated by Article 7 of the Constitution in specifying a different standard of verification for overseas commission paid in the Taiwan area in New Taiwan dollars from the payment of overseas commissions otherwise specified in the same article by taking into account the differences in factual circumstances.＂ Starting from the Judicial Yuan Interpretation in respect of disbursement of overseas commission paid locally in New Taiwan Dollars, this article attempts to explore the definition of “commission disbursement＂ and also to collate the legislation history and evolution of the Income Tax Act and the Guidelines for the Audit of Income Taxes on Profit-Making-Enterprises, for further and detailed exploration of the stipulations and regulations of the Income Tax Act and the Guidelines for the Audit of Income Taxes on Profit-Making-Enterprises in respect of overseas sales commission at the time when the Judicial Yuan Interpretation was issued by the Council of the Grand Justice, and also to elaborately discuss academic contentions and arguments and practical opinions in this issue before and after the issuance of the Interpretation. Further, stipulations and regulations concerning expense deduction in the income tax law(s) of the United States of America will also be briefly discussed in this article. With the discussion given above, this article will provide a throughout discussion regarding to deducted expense and business loss stipulated in the Income Tax Act and regulations concerning overseas sales commission subject set forth in Chapter V “Expense Class Auditing＂ of the Guidelines for the Audit of Income Taxes on Profit-Making-Enterprises of Taiwan. A conclusion will be given at the last portion of this article and certain proposals will also be put forward in this issue, with the hope that a well-working taxation system can be established here in Taiwan and taxation can be pursued with the concern of human rights.
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Nien, Yen-Chih, and 粘延至. "The Study on European Union Commission President’s Leadership Model." Thesis, 2004. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/97846631171796715080.
Full textAbstract:
碩士淡江大學
歐洲研究所碩士班
94
After the Second World War, the political and economic integration in western Europe has been promoted over years .Particularly,Commision president plays a key role in the evolution of European integration. This research offers a hypothesis which is derived from MERSI’s leadership model. The research chooses six ex-presidents as samples to test the hypothesis, and the result shows this hypothesis is,to some extent, acceptable. Therefore, the leadership of the incumbent president, Jose Barroso ,can be evaluated according to this hypothesis, and some solutions to improve the effectiveness of the commission are also suggested. The thesis is constructed with content analysis, comparative studies and MERSI leadership model.The conclusion indicates that any Commission president who meets the following criteria is likely a good Commission president: 1. foresighted, 2. with clear vision on European integration, 3.with good conceptual skills, 4. backed by powers, 5. with excellent political skills, 6. with strategic thinking and implementation capabilities. Also this thesis suggests that the Commission should try to make European Union more close to the people, and solve their problems.
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Ke, Mau-Rung, and 柯茂榮. "A Study of Public Construction Commission to Construction and Planning Agency-A Case Study of Commission to Military Housing Redevelopment Ministry of National Defense." Thesis, 2004. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/41287104286995125361.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立中央大學
土木工程學系碩士在職專班
92
The Construction and Planning Agency acts as a professional engineering organization and is commissioned to handle the construction procurement of those non construction specialized organizations such as Ministry of National Defense, Ministry of Education and Ministry of Economic Affairs. The Agency’s mission is to take responsibilities in terms of “politics”, “administration”, “legality”, and “honour”. Furthermore, the Construction and Planning Agency should complete the construction according to the contract and achieve excellent quality for the public. This is a study of the relation between two organizations and the responsibilities proclaimed in their agreement in the process of construction procurement commissioned by Construction and Planning Agency. A case study on military housing redevelopment for Ministry of National Defense was performed. The issues and the alternatives of this case are reviewed to achieve better implementing strategies and workable agreement items for improving construction procurement efficiency.
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Chen, Shin-Yow, and 陳信佑. "Vegetation study on the Zueyenshi nature reserve." Thesis, 1993. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/35838642437557580401.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立中興大學
植物學系
81
For preserving the representative ecosystem and the rare species in central Taiwan, the Taiwan Forest Bureaus plans to set up Zueyenshi Nature Reserve. It locates at Nan-Tou Hsein and includes the 132 to 135 compartments of Puli Forest District. Elevation ranges from 1210m to 3416m and total area is about 1450 hectares. There is rich plant resource in this reserve. Totally 718 taxa, belonging to 142 families and 412 genera were found. Based on cluster analysis, 5 zone could be identified, including fir forest zone, alder forest, hemlock forest zone, oak forest zone, and alpine scrub and grassland. Oak forest zone could be subdivided into 5 forest types, namely Machilus zuihoensis- Cinnamomum insularimontamum type , Lithocarpus lepidocarpus- Turpinia formosana type, Castanopsis carlesii- Cyclobalanopsis morii-Schima superba type , Taxus mairei-Cyclobalanopsis stenophylla-Trochodendron aralioides type, and Chamaecyparis formosensis-Tsuga chinensis type. Several rare species were found in thisreserve, such as Symplocos nokoensis, Sinopanax formosana and Rubus liui. Taxus mairei and Cephalotaxus wilsoniana are two precious and characteristic tree species. The age structures of these two populations are not continuous. The establishments of those two populations were closely related to the microenvironment of the habitat. Wildfires played important role in the population dynamics and regeneration of the coniferous forests. For protecting this reserve, some strategies have to be conducted.
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Hu, Da-Chung, and 胡大中. "Study on the Secondary Forest Vegetation Analysis." Thesis, 2003. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/44471721840756052689.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立臺灣大學
森林學研究所
91
Abstract The aim of this study is to analyze the stand composition and forest structure of the Ming-de reservoir watershed。The altitudes of the area range from 100 to 1001 meters above sea level。A total of 161 plots , each 10m×10m in size , were investigated in the study area。 A total of 347 species were recorded at research area ; among them , 17 families with 35 species were Ferns , 2 families with 4 species were Gymnosperms , and 80 families with 267 species were dicotyledons , 15 families with 41 species were monoctyledons。 The result of detrended correspondence analysis ( DCA) shows that altitude and topographic are the most important factors that affect the distribution of the vegetation。 Five main types and four subtypes of vegetation were recongnized by the TWINSPAN method in this study。They are： Ⅰ、Myrsine sequinii－Castanopsis cuspidate type Ⅱ、Cryptocarya chinensis－Machilus thunbergii type Ⅲ、Acacia confusa type Ⅳ、Lagerstroemia subcostata－Machilus kusanoi type two subtypes are recognized： Ⅳa、Aleurites montana－Machilus kusanoi subtype Ⅳb、Ficus gibbosa－Machilus kusanoi subtype Ⅴ、Diospyros eriantha－Schefflera octophylla type two subtypes are recognized： Ⅴa、Styrax suberifolia－Schefflera octophylla subtype Ⅴb、Cyclobalanopsis glauca－Schefflera octophylla subtype Species Diversity of woody plant with a DBH≧1.0cm are 0.8821 (Simpson’s index) , and 2.4992(Shannon’s index) , and Evenness index is 0.8982。 The Important Value of the studed species are showing as follows：Schefflera octophylla (5.40), Castanopsis cuspidate (4.88) , Psychotria rubra (3.25), Engelhardia roxburghiana (3.15) , Acacia confusa (3.14) , Machilus kusanoi(3.12) , Machilus thunbergii(3.16) , Trema orientalis (2.99), Diospyros morrisiana (2.99), Neolitsea konishii (2.44) 。 In addition to analyze the vegetation of the watershed , population structure analysis of the forest type was also done。The results show that the most dominant species of the broad-leaved forest of Machilus has anti-J-shaped growth forms , which implies that the forest has the ability to regenerate itself。
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Yeh, Qing-Wang, and 葉清旺. "Study on Vegetation Diversity of Lilung Mountain." Thesis, 2004. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/13855631709838246256.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立屏東科技大學
森林系
92
This study focused to investigate the vegetation diversity of Lilung Mountain. The main objectives of the present study were to understand the patterns of vegetation diversity on this area. 60 plots of 0.05 ha were analysised. There were 559 vascular plants were found. The results were also indicated that 6 subtypes under 4 main vegetation types with the detrended correspondence analysis (DCA) and two-way indicator species analysis (TWINSPAN) in this area. The first main vegetation was included Cyclobalanopsis championii - Machilus thunbergii type which could be subdivided into Freycinetia formosana - Machilus thunbergii subtype and Astronia formosana - Litsea acutivena subtype. The second type of vegetation was Dysoxylum hongkongense - Schefflera octophylla type which could be subcategorized into Adinandra formosana - Schefflera octophylla subtype and Reevesia formosana - Ardisia sieboldii subtype. The third type of vegetation was the Dendrocnide meyeniana - Machilus japonica var. kusanoi type which could be subdivided into Oreocnide pedunculata - Machilus japonica var. kusanoi subtype and Lagerstroemia subcostata - Cryptocarya concinna subtype as well as Maytenus diversifolia - Severinia buxifolia type. α diversity along altitudinal was a hump mode of the Lilung Mountain. In the vegetation structure, the Reevesia formosana - Ardisia sieboldii subtype was presented in the biggest type. However, Cyclobalanopsis championii - Machilus thunbergii type occurred the highest density between the main and sub-main crest lines. The specie diversity and productivity were related to the hump of Lilung Mountain. The different altitude influenced the β diversity. While the zone turnover rates were investigated between 450~670 m and 848~980 m respectively, the results indicated the higher species turnover rates due to the environment change abruptly. 95 ﹪species turnover rate as 522 m were quite high and species turnover rate of altitudinal difference in 400 m as 81.7 ﹪on the Lilung Mountain, and the herb layer had the same trend with wood layer. This attributed to the habitat variable of this area. Vegetation diversity was affected with monsoon that changed the species diversity and structure of the wood plant, whereas it could not change the vine plant, epiphytic plant and herb plant on Lilung Mountain of eastern and western.
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Huang, Chin-Chih, and 黃景智. "Empirical Study on Determinations of United States International Trade Commission and Strategies for Litigation at United States International Trade Commission." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/71949195116353098496.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立交通大學
管理學院碩士在職專班科技法律組
98
There are two forums in United States, U.S. district court and U.S. International Trade Commission (USITC or ITC), for the patentee to seek the remedies of patent infringement, if the patentee believes anyone infringes her or his patent. In U.S. district court, the decision is made mostly by jury. However, for the patent infringement litigation, complex technical issues are involved, and thus either the patentee or the infringer need to take the risk of the unpredictability of the jury decision into consideration. In ITC, an administrative law judge (ALJ) is assigned to investigate the infringement and make a determination. Under general recognition, the determination in ITC which is made by a professional judge should have higher predictability than the decision made by jury. This study is started from this recognition, and is expected to verify this recognition by an empirical study of the ITC determinations. The empirical study covers the ITC determinations after the amendment of Section 337, i.e., from 1995, which include 270 investigations. The statistic of the 270 investigations demonstrates that the determinations of USITC are favorable to the patentees in percentage. It should be noted that one of the reasons why the patentee chooses the USITC to obtain the remedies is the powerful enforcement tool, the exclusion order enforced by the U.S. customs and board protection. Even if the determination of the USITC is wrongly favorable to the patentee, the defendants will be substantially damaged before the appeal court reverses the determination. Through reviewing the empirical study of the ITC determinations, this article wants to provide a premonition that an ITC litigation may result in a great loss for defendants. Furthermore, the appeal decisions for the ITC determinations will be reviewed so as to understand if the interpretation of the matter of law in the ITC coincides with that in Federal Circuit. In fact, during the appeal proceedings of patent infringement litigations in Federal Circuit, the survival rate of the ITC determinations is not higher than that of the federal district court. United States is still one of the biggest single market for a lot of goods, and with the trend of global vertical disintegration, almost all of the products are manufactured through an international cooperation. Any competition in the U.S. market is possibly used to bring an ITC litigation so as to attack the competitor. Domestic industries in Taiwan can not avoid this type of litigation. The empirical study is also expected to further provide help on analysis or recognition of the ITC litigation.
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Trivedi, Priya Ranjan. "National human rights commission: A study of problems and prospects." Thesis, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/2009/894.
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Huang, Liang-Chin, and 黃良錦. "The Study of Operating Performance on Taiwan Futures Commission Merchants." Thesis, 2003. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/73278473641219093135.
Full textAbstract:
碩士中原大學
國際貿易研究所
91
This paper researches about Futures Commission Mechants’ (FCMs’) operating performance after Taiwan futures market established. Main observations are 12 FCMs during 2000 ~ 2002. First, we interviewed the seniors in the futures business, then designed a questionnaire and requested the FCMs to choose several items that are suitable performance evaluation. We will know the potential factors that influence operating performance by means of these ways. We selected top 3 items among inputs and outputs, respectively. According to selective inputs and outputs data, we applied the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA), which is an approach widely used evaluating multiple performance indicators to the empirical study of organations. The results are 6 FCMs with technical efficiency in 2000, 6 FCMs with technical efficiency in 2001, 7 FCMs with technical efficiency in 2002, and 4 FCMs with technical efficiency 3 years running from among those FCMs with technical efficiency during 2000 ~ 2002. This study provides inefficiency FCMs with output direction of improvement by DEA output orientation. Also, we utilized AR model instead of CCR model. Then, we found the FCMs with technical efficiency dropped to 2 in 2000, dropped to 3 in 2001, and dropped to 3 in 2002. The result shows AR model is better than CCR model in discriminating power. The results of questionnaire shows that the most important non-financial factor is AE’s professional skill on potential influence operating performance, and the worst factor is price war between FCMs on operating facet. Some questionnaires show the other harmful factors are futures exchange center charge too much fees from FCMs, the trading taxation is rather higher, and government policies are tightly for QFII and native investor of institution.
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Wu, Chien-Sheng, and 吳建生. "A Study on the Independency of the Central Election Commission." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/t6y4s9.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立臺灣海洋大學
海洋法律研究所
103
Independent agencies are a new type of administrative organizations developed in the country in recent years. Its birthplace is the United States, and the origin is the independent regulatory commission (or independent administrative committee) in the United States. Given the context of the government system in our country, independent agencies have created a lot of controversies regardless of the way their members are selected, the exercise of their authorities, and the separation of their authorities from other administrative agencies’. However, under a national system which emphasizes the separation of powers and checks and balances, independent agencies indeed belong to a special system. With the constitutional interpretations proposed by the Executive Yuan on the Organization Act of the National Communications Commission (the country's first independent administrative agency), the grand justice declared in the interpretation ref. Shi-613 that Article 4 of the National Communication Committee’s Organization Act concerning the selection of its members is unconstitutional. Therefore, we have to re-examine what the basis of constitutionality of an independent administrative agency is, and how its independence can meet the constitutional requirements of a modern democracy. The Central Election Commission is established as an independent agency in the legal system, and to our country it has a far-reaching implication of democracy. Because election decisions and related matters involve the enactment, execution and arbitration of the of rules of the political game, in order to ensure fairness of the rules of election and voting, a re-examination of the legal positioning, role and function of the Central Election Commission is an important issue which must be faced with at this stage for further deepening of the government organization reform. This study suggests that since the system of independent administrative agencies needs to be discussed, literature concerning the organization act of each independent agency needs to be collected and analyzed, including the basis of establishment, the purpose of establishment, the organization structure, the manner the members are selected, the exercise of powers and the separation of its authority from other administrative agencies’, etc.. Independent agency related theories are collated and analyzed through literature review, including the source of independent agencies, the principle of independent agencies’ establishment, and independent agencies’ supervision responsibilities, etc. in order to quickly understand the implication of the issue and explore research topics. Major controversies over the years are also studied in depth so as to ponder from different perspectives the future direction of our country’s development. Furthermore, "A Study of the independence of the Central Election Commission" is selected as the theme to explore the practical operation of our country’s Central Election Commission. We expect to offer the conclusions and recommendations of this study as a direction for the design of the independence of the Central Election Commission, and even have them escalated to other independent agencies to serve as a reference for the relevant laws and practical operation of our country’s independent administrative agencies. Keywords: independent agencies, the Central Election Commission, the National Communications Commission, the Fair Trade Commission, the Central Bank, the Financial Supervisory Commission.
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Lin, Shih-Chun, and 林世峻. "A study of vegetation changes in the Chiu-fen-er-shan landslides using vegetation index." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/20023028677935948474.
Full textAbstract:
碩士中興大學
水土保持學系所
95
There is plenty of rainfall in Taiwan, but about 80% of annual amount is concentrating at the periods during May to September due to the monsoon and typhoon seasons. Besides, with the properties of fragile geology, steep terrain and stream gradient, some over development sites located in sensitive areas caused slopeland disaster frequently. After 921 earthquake, quake induced landslides contribute to form some related slopeland disaster such as: debris flow occurred at Song-he tribe caused by the typhoon Minduli, and the event of Tu-chang – a catastrophic landslide caused by typhoon Aere. Hence, how to effectively monitor the landslides and derive their information of restoration in a watershed is a vital issue. Chiufenershan landslide area in Nantou County was chosen as the research site couples with the three phases of SPOT imagery taken on 12/03/2001, 11/06/2002, and 07/12/2004 to discuss the improvement of image classification by using back-propagation neural network after adding the calculation of vegetation index. The result shows that vegetation index can increase the accuracy of image classification. The classification derived from the original bands plus CMFI for the 2001 imagery were 95.2％ in overall accuracy and/or 0.92 in Kappa index had the better interpretation. The performance of classification derived from the original bands plus CMFI were better than that of derived from the original bands plus NDVI for the three phases of imagery in overall accuracy. Spot imagery taken on 04/01/1999 and 09/27/1999 were applied to extract the quake-induced landslide for studying the change of vegetative restoration using ecological index. The 921 earthquake induced landslides in the analyzed watershed can be classified into two parts (the main landslide area and its surrounding fragmentary areas) for further discussion. Surrounding fragmentary areas show good and consistent vegetative restoration. The main landslide area can be further divided into the collapse and deposition site. Collapse site shows only few of plants invaded at the rims of the site due to lack of soil layers, and the places where plants invaded showing unstable status because of the interference of typhoon and/or drought. There exists a better restoration at the deposition site except the places, where surface runoff concentrated and/or nearby the canal, which were vulnerable to water erosion. Patch analysis indicates that the variation of vegetation invasion for the analyzed landslide areas showing the trend of decreasing in patch number and patch area. This can be explained as initial succession stage which is vulnerable to be affected by the external forces.
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Lin, Yang-Cheng, and 林洋丞. "Study of Vegetation Trends in Large-scale Landslide Watersheds Using the Long-term Vegetation Index." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/41561348274457648754.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立中興大學
水土保持學系所
102
This study presented the trend of vegetation variation in large-scale landslide watersheds of Taiwan, and using the long-term Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) to analyze the conditions of vegetation growth and transition. The study areas are located at the sub-watersheds (Nantou Chiufengershan, Yunlin Caoling, Kaohsiung Xiaolin) in Taiwan where large-scale landslides occurred due to natural disasters. This study also collected the NDVI data derived from SPOT/VEGETATION and Terra/Aqua-MODIS MOD13 satellite images during 1998 ~ 2013. The data was used to classify land cover types and process digital information. Hilbert-Huang transform (HHT) and Mann-Kendall (MK) trend test were used to analyze the time series data, obtain the time-frequency spectrograms of NDVI, and examine the trends of vegetation growth and transition in each sub-watershed.
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Tao-Wei, Yang, and 楊道緯. "The Study on the Mechanism of Across Boundaries Sustainable Governance：The Comparative Analysis Northern Taiwan Development Commission and KKP Sustainable Development Commission." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/02276914682845851661.
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Lin, Chung-yi, and 林忠毅. "The study of vegetation structure and vegetation succession on the Machilus-Castanopsis forest in Chun-yang." Thesis, 1999. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/17057813260408495931.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立臺灣大學
植物學研究所
87
The area of this research is in the First Farm of the National Taiwan University High Land Farm, which is located in Chun-yang Village, Jen-ai Hsiang, Nan-tou County. The altitude of the research area range from 1100m to 1900m, and has an average annual temperature of 18 degrees centigrade and precipitation of 2660mm that concentrates in the summer. We have set up 54 plots within to investigate the types of woody species found, DBH, and the five environmental factors that are tested for each of the sample areas. We intend to use the data for DCA, and to categorize the plant communitiesin the entire research area into four vegetation types and two subtypes: I. Meliosma callicarpaefolia-Illicium arborescens forest type; II. Cinnamomum subavenium forest type; III. Machilus zuihoensis forest type; Ⅲa、Itea parviflora forest type；Ⅲb、Cinnamomum insulari-montanum - Pasania kawakamii forest type and IV. Gordonia axillaris forest type. The major environmental factor in this research area is the elevation. The research area has been disturbed and damaged earlier, but since the National Taiwan University reclaimed this place, many efforts has been made in the protection of the forest. Hence most forests are in the mid-later stages of succession, and most compositions of all vegetation types have been able to go through self-regeneration. Although there are still old-trees left over from the earlier stages of succession, as long as no human disturbances persists, all vegetation types in this area except for the Gordonia axillaris forest type should be able to live on. Due to agricultural and touring pressures, forests in nearby areas have mostly been depleted. In comparison, large parts of the natural resources in our research area have been restored and original vegetation were not lost. We hope to establish basic vegetation data for this research area for the benefit of future studies.
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吳首賢. "Study on Aquatic vegetation Ecology in Nanjen Lake." Thesis, 2003. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/90192752862905124792.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立屏東科技大學
森林系
91
The objective of this study is to perform an inventory of aquatic plant species, vegetation analysis and the correlation between vegetation types and environmental factors of Nanjen Lake. In the vascular plant inventory, there are 30 families, 42 genera, 62 species, among which 4 species are rare. By 4 time investigation (2 dry season and 2 rainy season), plant communities are analyzed with 52 samples and 5 environmental factors according to the Detrended Corrspondence Analysis（DCA） and Two-Way Indicator Species Analysis （TWINSPAN）. The most dominant environmatal factor affected on the differentiating of vegetation is the turbidity. Secondary are electric conductivity and water temperature. Depth only influences in some season. Vegetation types were divided into 3 types and 2 subtypes（the late dry season : 1.Nymphoides coreana type; 2. Leersia hexandra type :（1）Leersia hexandra - Juncus leschenaultii subtype.（2）Leersia hexandra subtype; type 3.Polygonum dichotomum-Najas graminea type.）or 2 types and 2 subtypes （Rain season : 1.Nymphoides coreana type, 2. Leersia hexandra type :（1）Leersia hexandra - Panicum paludosum subtype. （2）Leersia hexandra- Polygonum dichotomum subtype. Typhoon season : 1.Nymphoides coreana type; 2.Leersia hexandra type :（1）Leersia hexandra - Panicum paludosum subtype. （2）Leersia hexandra - Polygonum dichotomum subtype. Early dry season : 1.Nymphoides coreana type; 2.Leersia hexandra type:（1）Leersia hexandra - Polygonum dichotomum subtype,（2）Leersia hexandra- Eleocharis congesta subtype）. There are 4 species （Marsilea minute, Polygonum glabrum, Sagittaria trifolia and Ludwigia ovalis）can’t be found in this investigative period. Rotala indica is the new record species at Nanjen Lakes. Five species （Nymphoides coreana, Najas graminea, Monochoria vaginalis, Polygonum dichotomum and Juncus leschenaultii） were revised. Two species （Rotala sp. And Hygrophila sp.） are waiting for identification. Rare aquatic plants Lobelia alsinoides and Hygrophila sp. are critically endangered species. Rotala sp. will extinct in the future if haven’t any conservative way. The population of Floscopa scandens is the most stable among rare aquatic plants.
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Hung, Kwan-Wei, and 洪貫瑋. "A study of alpine vegetation classification in Taiwan." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/81440199863598247532.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立中山大學
生物科學系研究所
104
Alpine vegetation studies typically include vegetation classification and its relation to environment. In Taiwan, there were very few such studies because of the dangerous terrain and the harsh climate, so the aim of this study is to build a classification for Taiwan alpine vegetation from field survey and literature data. My study took place in the alpine vegetation areas above the treeline of the Zhongyang Range, the Xueshan Range and the Yushan Range. Relevé data, including species cover and environmental information, were collected following the Braun-Blanquet methods. The collected data were analyzed in two steps. All the relevés were first grouped into composite samples by means of two-way indicator species analysis and tabular comparison method. Second, the composite samples were classified into vegetation groups by cluster analysis. Then, these vegetation groups were combined and ranked by means of discriminant analysis, detrended correspondence analysis and canonical correspondence analysis. The vegetation types classified were Lycopodium obscurum vegetation type, Carex satzumensis vegetation type, Carex oxyandra vegetation type, Carex nubigena vegetation type, Picris hieracioides subsp. ohwiana vegetation type, Pedicularis verticillata vegetation type, and Potentilla leuconota vegetation type. The Lycopodium obscurum vegetation type were further divided into Gentiana scabrida var. scabrida subvegetation type, Carex breviculmis subvegetation type, Lycopodium clavatum subvegetation type, Veratrum formosanum subvegetation type, Spiraea hayatana subvegetation type, and Anaphalis morrisonicola subvegetation type. The vegetation research results from the past can be incorporated into the current classification very well. When the original Braun-Blanquet data is available, the diagnostic species were used to determine the vegetation type. The discriminant analysis then used to check the correct classified percentage. Only very few vegetation releves were misclassified, resulted from the different data used in the table comparision method and the discriminant analysis. This indicated the classification in this study may be applied to all Taiwan alpine area. When the original Braun-Blanquet data is not available, the diagnostic species listed are used to determine the possible vegetation type. There were also a very few vegetation types from the literature cannot be found its proper position in the system. These may be resulted from different sampling methods, vegetation changed or microhabitat not surveyed in the current study
49
Yang, Di-Lan, and 楊迪嵐. "Study on the Vegetation of Touliu Submontane Area." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/93772237656079755587.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立中興大學
森林學系所
96
Touliu submontane area is located between Yunlin County and Nantou County, and the total area is ca.139 km2. The altitudes of the area range from 100 to 1,305 m above sea level. They are the low-altitude hills with tropical humid climate. The secondary forests are the important habitats of Pitta nympha. In order to investigating the vegetation composition and the environmental factors of Touliu Area, 74 plots, were set up. Moreover, we analyzed their population structures and presumed their succession were analyzed and presumed. Totally 121 families, 357 genera, 525 taxus were recorded, including 55 endemic species, 7 rare species, 106 exotic plants, and 67 naturalized plant species. Based on Matrix Cluster Analysis (MCA), the vegetation were classified into 11 types: 1. Dimocarpus longan type; 2. Machilus zuihoensis type; 3. Aleurites montana type; 4. Acacia confusa type; 5. Ficus benguetensis type; 6. Dendrocalamus latiflorus type; 7. Macaranga tanarius-Broussonetia papyrifera type; 8. Trema orientalis type; 9. Areca catechu type; 10. Phyllostachys pubescens type; 11. Phyllostachys makinoi type. Population structure analysis revealed that most of the dominant species in Machilus zuihoensis type and Ficus benguetensis type were with inversely J-shaped form, which implies that the forests have the ability to self-regenerate. If there were no disturbance, the forest would possibly succeed toward the Ficus-Machilus zone. Based on detrended correspondence analysis (DCA), in terms of the environmental factors, the relationship between distribution of vegetation with toporgraphie position and whole light sky space (WLS) was significant. In overstory, Machilus zuihoensis type gained the highest score of the species diversity index. According to the vegetation mapping of study area, cultivated land occupied the most land area, and covered an area of 7,170 ha at 52％ The broadleaved forest was distributed brokenly, or mixed with bamboo forest, and occupied about 3,856 ha at 30％. An consvervation evaluation of rare plant, Bredia hirsuta var. rotundifolia was endangered, need concerning.
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Hung, Wei-Che, and 洪偉哲. "Study on the hydraulic properties of vegetation channels." Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/96707342767163360836.
Full textAbstract:
碩士中原大學
土木工程研究所
94
Recently, the ecological environment and environmental protection consciousness are gradually taken by the populace. Ecological engineering method is a major trend in engineering methods nowadays. In irrigation engineering, a revetment with coarse surface, permeable pores, or vegetation, and their diverse combination channel are often adopted to fit to the ecology for the water ways. This research concerned with the ecological diversity channel. One considered the channel resistance coefficients under the circumstance with coarse channel bed, vegetation revetment, or weeds invasion, and did the according hydraulic model test. One separately simulated the vegetation revetment channel by three kind of artificial sod. One also analyzed the water characteristic and security of the channel with different kinds and height of vegetation. While analyzing the data, one first separated the influence on the coarse coefficients of the channel bed and revetment, and estimated their Manning coefficients separately. Next, the composite Manning coefficient was evaluated for the ecological channel. The results showed that the Manning coefficients of channel revetment are greater than those of whole channel cross-section. Under the normal flow conditions, the experimental results also showed that the Manning coefficients are long grass with flowers＞long grass＞short grass. Manning coefficients of channel revetment of long grass with flowers converge gradually to the value 0.0675；long grass converges gradually to that of 0.0525；short grass converges gradually to that of 0.044. The results in this research can solve tedious experimental problems on estimation of Manning coefficients for different types of channel beds and revetments.