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1

Amar, Akhil Reed. "Our Forgotten Constitution: A Bicentennial Comment." Yale Law Journal 97, no. 2 (December 1987): 281. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/796483.

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2

Drinan, Robert F., and Jethro K. Lieberman. "The Enduring Constitution: A Bicentennial Perspective." Michigan Law Review 86, no. 6 (May 1988): 1254. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1289171.

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3

O'Connor, Sandra Day. "Women and the constitution: A bicentennial perspective." Journal of Women, Politics & Policy 10, no. 2 (1990): 5–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1554477x.1990.9970567.

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4

Zahn, J. P., D. VandenBerg, R. Canal, C. Chiosi, W. Dziembowski, J. Guzik, G. Meynet, et al. "Commission 35: Stellar Constitution: (Constitution Des Etoiles)." Transactions of the International Astronomical Union 24, no. 1 (2000): 201–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0251107x00002923.

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Our Commission decided to proceed as before, with a rather comprehensive report, while focusing on the subjects where most progress has been achieved during the past three years. The colleagues who kindly contributed to it are W. Dziembowski (helio- and aster-oseismology), J. Guzik (intermediate-mass stars), G. Meynet (massive stars), G. Michaud (atomic diffusion), D. VandenBerg (low mass stars), G. Vauclair (white dwarfs), J.-P. Zahn (convection, rotational mixing).
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5

VandenBerg, D. A., W. Dziembowski, J. Christensen-Dalsgaard, F. D’Antona, J. Guzik, N. Langer, G. Meynet, et al. "Commission 35: Stellar Constitution: (Constitution Des Etoiles)." Transactions of the International Astronomical Union 25, no. 1 (2002): 234–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0251107x00001486.

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6

Dziembowski, Wojciech A., Francesca D'Antona, C. Charbonnel, J. Christensen-Dalsgaard, J. Guzik, N. Langer, R. Larson, et al. "Commission 35: Stellar Constitution." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 1, T26A (December 2005): 205–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s174392130600456x.

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7

Charbonnel, Corinne, Marco Limongi, Franca D'Antona, Gilles Fontaine, Jordi Isern, John Lattanzio, Claus Leitherer, Jacco Van Loon, Achim Weiss, and Lev Yungelson. "COMMISSION 35: STELLAR CONSTITUTION." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 6, T27B (May 14, 2010): 195–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921310005053.

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A business meeting of the IAU Commission 35 was held during the GA in Rio on Friday, August 7, 2009, with a few members of the Commission in attendance. Special care will be taken to have more members attending the BM at the next GA in Bejing in 2012. The points discussed during the BM are summarized below and are posted on the C35 website http://iau-c35.stsci.edu.
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Charbonnel, Corinne, Marco Limongi, Francesca D'Antona, Gilles Fontaine, Jordi Isern, John C. Lattanzio, Claus Leitherer, Jacco Th van Loon, Achim Weiss, and Lev R. Youngelson. "COMMISSION 35: STELLAR CONSTITUTION." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 7, T28A (December 2011): 161–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921312002773.

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9

Dziembowski, Wojciech A., Francesca D'Antona, Don A. VandenBerg, Corinne Charbonnel, Joergen Christensen-Dalsgaard, Joyce A. Guzik, Norbert Langer, et al. "COMMISSION 35: STELLAR CONSTITUTION." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 3, T26B (December 2007): 158–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921308023909.

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The session was brief and quite informal as there were only six participants. The agenda included my report on organizational activities of the Commission during the 2003-2006 term and Virginia Trimble's presentation Presence of binary stars in the current astronomical literature. I summarize below the most important part of my report.
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10

D'Antona, Francesca, Corinne Charbonnel, Wojciech Dziembowski, Gilles Fontaine, Richard B. Larson, John Lattanzio, Jim W. Liebert, Ewald Müller, Achim Weiss, and Lev R. Yungelson. "COMMISSION 35: STELLAR CONSTITUTION." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 4, T27A (December 2008): 211–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921308025544.

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The Commission home page <iau-c35.stsci.edu> is maintained by Claus Leitherer and contains general information on the Commission structure and activities, including links to stellar structure resources that were made available by the owners. The resources contain evolutionary tracks and isochrones from various groups, nuclear reaction, EOS, and opacity data as well as links to main astronomical journals. As a routine activity, the Organizing Committee has commented on and ranked proposals for several IAU sponsored meetings. Our Commission acted as one of the coordinating bodies of a Symposium held at the IAU XXVI General Assembly in Prague, August 2006, (IAU Symposium No. 239Convection in Astrophysics, and participated in the organization of the following Joint Discussions: JD05Calibrating the Top of the Stellar Mass-Luminosity Relation, JD06Neutron Stars and Black Holes in Star Clusters, JD08Solar and Stellar Activity Cycles, JD11Pre-Solar Grains as Astrophysical Tools; JD14Modelling Dense Stellar Systems; and JD17Highlights of Recent Progress in the Seismology of the Sun and Sun-like Stars.
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11

Viano, Emilio. "Victim's Rights and the Constitution: Reflections on a Bicentennial." Crime & Delinquency 33, no. 4 (October 1987): 438–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0011128787033004002.

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This article examines the unfolding, activities, and successes of the victim's rights movement within the American constitutional framework of the Bill of Rights. It analyzes the general importance of “victims” as an effective political symbol and probes the connection between the victim movement and the powerful conservative forces that have dominated American life and the shaping of the criminal justice agenda during the 1980s. It focuses in particular on the cooptation of the victim's movement by the proponents of the “crime control” model of criminal justice. It contrasts the liberal and conservative approaches. solutions, and agendas and the clashes between the rights of the accused and those of the victim. It also looks for points of convergence and working agreement. Restitution is utilized as an example of an idea and plan that could bring disparate interests together. The article dedicates considerable space to a consideration of a possible constitutional foundation for victim's rights and concludes by pointing out the inherent dangers and destructive divisiveness that can be generated by an exclusive or excessive or excessive emphasis on “rights.”
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12

Edwards, George C., and Wallace Earl Walker. "The U.S. Constitution And National Defense: A Bicentennial Reappraisal." Armed Forces & Society 14, no. 1 (October 1987): 9–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0095327x8701400102.

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13

Marshall, Thurgood. "Reflections on the Bicentennial of the United States Constitution." Harvard Law Review 101, no. 1 (November 1987): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1341223.

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14

Clason, Robert G. "How Our Decimal Money Began." Arithmetic Teacher 33, no. 5 (January 1986): 30–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.5951/at.33.5.0030.

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Almost ten years ago, we celebrated the bicentennial of the American Revolution. A few years from now we will celebrate the bicentennial of our 1789 Constitution. During the era of these two major American event two hundred year ago our decimal monetary system was created. As arithmetic teachers, we are responsible for teaching children the fact of pennies, dimes, and dollars. Some background relating this arithmetic to American history can enrich both subjects.
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15

Murphy, Walter. "Who Shall Interpret the Constitution?" News for Teachers of Political Science 49 (1986): 10–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0197901900003482.

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The liberal legacy of the Warren Court, the turmoil within and around its successor, and the advent of the bicentennial of 1787 have increased popular as well as scholarly interest in constitutional theory in general and constitutional interpretation in particular. We are now being treated to a new and intense version of an old debate about the nature of the American political system and proper institutional roles in determining the meaning of the principles underlying the polity. This debate highlights not only issues of fundamental disagreement but also central questions that must first be addressed before one can construct a systematic constitutional jurisprudence or a coherent theory of constitutional interpretation.
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16

Lillich, Richard B. "The Constitution and International Human Rights." American Journal of International Law 83, no. 4 (October 1989): 851–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2203374.

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A decade ago Professor Henkin remarked that “there has been almost no examination at all of the relation between international human rights and the American Constitutional version of human rights.” Since then he has done much to fill this gap in the literature, as has, more recently, a distinguished barrister/scholar from Great Britain. Nevertheless, it may be useful, in this symposium celebrating the bicentennial of the U.S. Constitution, to survey both the contribution it has made to the development of international human rights law and the extent to which the latter has influenced the evolution of U.S. constitutional law.
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17

Limongi, Marco, John C. Lattanzio, Corinne Charbonnel, Inma Dominguez, Jordi Isern, Amanda Karakas, Claus Leitherer, Marcella Marconi, Giora Shaviv, and Jacco van Loon. "DIVISION G COMMISSION 35: STELLAR CONSTITUTION." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 11, T29A (August 2015): 436–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921316000909.

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Commission 35 (C35), “Stellar Constitution”, consists of members of the International Astronomical Union whose research spans many aspects of theoretical and observational stellar physics and it is mainly focused on the comprehension of the properties of stars, stellar populations and galaxies. The number of members of C35 increased progressively over the last ten years and currently C35 comprises about 400 members. C35 was part of Division IV (Stars) until 2014 and then became part of Division G (Stars and Stellar Physics), after the main IAU reorganisation in 2015. Four Working Groups have been created over the years under Division IV, initially, and Division G later: WG on Active B Stars, WG on Massive Stars, WG on Abundances in Red Giant and WG on Chemically Peculiar and Related Stars. In the last decade the Commission had 4 presidents, Wojciech Dziembowski (2003-2006), Francesca D'Antona (2006-2009), Corinne Charbonnel (2009-2012) and Marco Limongi (2012-2015), who were assisted by an Organizing Committee (OC), usually composed of about 10 members, all of them elected by the C35 members and holding their positions for three years. The C35 webpage (http://iau-c35.stsci.edu) has been designed and continuously maintained by Claus Leitherer from the Space Telescope Institute, who deserves our special thanks. In addition to the various general information on the Commission structure and activities, it contains links to various resources, of interest for the members, such as stellar models, evolutionary tracks and isochrones, synthetic stellar populations, stellar yields and input physics (equation of state, nuclear cross sections, opacity tables), provided by various groups. The main activity of the C35 OC is that of evaluating, ranking and eventually supporting the proposals for IAU sponsored meetings. In the last decade the Commission has supported several meetings focused on topics more or less relevant to C35. Since the primary aim of this document is to present the main activity of C35 over the last ten years, in the following we present some scientific highlights that emerged from the most relevant IAU Symposia and meetings supported and organized by C35 in the last decade.
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18

Petracca, Mark P. "What Every Student Should Know About the Bill of Rights." Political Science Teacher 3, no. 2 (1990): 10–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0896082800001021.

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In June of 1789, Representative James Madison fulfilled a campaign promise to his Virginia constituents by asking colleagues in the House of Representatives to consider a group of constitutional amendments designed to secure basic individual liberties. By December of 1791, ten of these were ratified by the necessary number of states, becoming the first amendments to the new Constitution—the U.S. Bill of Rights. Despite the bicentennial “burnout” which some individuals are experiencing, the bicentennial of the Bill of Rights—which we begin in earnest this spring—should be a most meaningful occasion for every American. The Declaration of Independence made the nation a possibility; the Constitution created the structure of public authority in the nation; but the Bill of Rights has done nothing less than define the very quality of public and private life in the United States. If the Constitution is a “living document,” then surely the Bill of Rights is about daily living and the freedom we have to experience life. This makes the Bill of Rights America's most important “founding” document.The Bill of Rights has been variously described as “a shield to every American citizen,” “the one guarantee of freedom to the American people,” “fetters against doing evil which no honest government should decline,” and “the foundation of liberty against the encroachments of government.” However, even as we prepare to celebrate its bicentennial, ignorance, indifference, intolerance, ideology, and perhaps even modernity threaten the viability of its guarantees. Historian Michael Kammen (1986: 336-356) calls it a “subtle attack” while others see it as a direct frontal assault.
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19

Henkin, Louis. "The Constitution for its Third Century: Foreign Affairs." American Journal of International Law 83, no. 4 (October 1989): 713–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2203358.

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The bicentennial of the United States Constitution has been marked by much celebration and some stocktaking. The Framers have been fully—if not fulsomely—praised, and there appears to be general enthusiasm about the legacy they left us. However, as regards the constitutional dispositions for the conduct of foreign affairs, there appears to have been little attention to the Framers and little inclination to celebrate what they ordained. Few have taken this occasion to expose how we got where we are from where they were; efforts to take stock have been hampered by uncertainty and shouted down in controversy.
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20

Herzog, Tamar. "Constitution and Constitutional Law in Spanish America in light of the Bicentennial." Rechtsgeschichte - Legal History 2010, no. 16 (2010): 048–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.12946/rg16/048-049.

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21

Sefton, Larry. "The C.L.C. Commission on Constitution and Structure." Relations industrielles 23, no. 4 (April 12, 2005): 642–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/027952ar.

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The author makes a few general comments about the work of the CLC Commission on Constitution and Structure and about a few of the recommendations which seem to be of most importance in the face of the realities of industrial relations and collective bargaining in the 1960’s.
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22

Sorenson, Leonard R. "The Limits of Constitutional Government: Reflections toward the Conclusion of the Bicentennial Celebration of Our Constitution." Review of Politics 51, no. 4 (1989): 551–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0034670500016557.

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As our Bicentennial celebration of our Constitution approaches its conclusion, one is struck with what can only be called wonder by the extent of the diversity among the celebrants. There seems to be at least general agreement that we are celebrating the Constitution because it establishes by a variety of means limited government. However, in this essay I show that there is vast disagreement on the precise meaning or fundamental mark of limited government. I identify the various definitions and defenses of limited government that can be derived from our Constitution and proceed to unveil their contradictory assumptions and implications. I then proceed to present our original and fundamental definition and defense of limited government as proposed by Publius in the Federalist Papers and to explore two questions: first, whether that definition is compatible with the other limiting features of the Constitution; and, second, whether that definition can render those diverse limiting features mutually coherent.
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23

Nggilu, Novendri Mohamad, Lisnawaty W. Badu, and Suwitno Y. Imran. "ALIENATION CHANGES IN FORMATION COMMISSION OF INDONESIAN CONSTITUTION OF1945 (Contemplation Towards The Fifth Amendment)." Jurnal Pembaharuan Hukum 5, no. 1 (April 1, 2018): 74. http://dx.doi.org/10.26532/jph.v5i1.1975.

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The results of the fou rth amendment Constitution of NRI 1945 leaving academic debate, not only in terms of the substance of the constitution that still has weaknesses and needs to be improved and perfected through the fifth amendment of the Constitution of N R I 1945, but also in terms of process changes that lead to refractive mainly against the spirit of Constitutional Commission , Refraction spirit of the Constitutional Commission took place on two points: first, the establishment of the Constitutional Commission which was form ed to have lost momentum, as well as the tasks assigned by the Assembly to the Constitutional Commission so minimalist that is limited to conduct a comprehensive review and was impressed merely fix systematize and writing of the Constitution of NRI 1945 w hich have been produced by the Assembly.
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Cannon, Mark W. "The Bicentennial of the U.S. Constitution: Reaching New Heights for an Enterprising Nation." NASSP Bulletin 69, no. 482 (September 1985): 110–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/019263658506948217.

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25

Slonim, Shlomo. "Rejoinder to Gordon Wood." Law and History Review 16, no. 3 (1998): 563–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/744245.

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Gordon Wood mentions that in 1987, as part of the Hebrew University's program of events marking the bicentennial of the U.S. Constitution, he delivered the annual Samuel Paley Lectures in American Civilization at the University in Jerusalem. If I, as chairman of the Department of American Studies was, as he says, a gracious host, he was no less a gracious guest and, moreover, a fascinating lecturer. A synopsis of his remarks is included in the volume that I edited, The Constitutional Bases of Political and Social Change in the United States, comprising lectures delivered at a bicentennial conference later that year and attended by prominent American and Israeli constitutional scholars, including Ruth Bader Ginsburg, now Justice of the U.S. Supreme Court, and Aharon Barak, now President of the Israeli Supreme Court.
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Miller, Frank O., and John M. Maki. "Japan's Commission on the Constitution: The Final Report." Journal of Japanese Studies 11, no. 1 (1985): 240. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/132248.

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27

Joshi, B. M. "Fourteenth Finance Commission: Constitution and Terms of Reference." Indian Journal of Public Administration 59, no. 4 (October 2013): 821–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0019556120130405.

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28

Sugimoto, D., A. Maeder, P. H. Bodenheimer, C. S. Chiosi, A. N. Cox, D. O. Gough, R. Kippenhahn, et al. "35. Stellar Constitution (Constitution Des Étoiles)." Transactions of the International Astronomical Union 20, no. 01 (1988): 473–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0251107x00007331.

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This report of Commission 35, as in past reports, consists of some details of only a few selected topics. This is necessary because a survey of the entire field of stellar formation, structure, stability, evolution, explosion, and nucleosynthesis for the three year period from mid-1984 to mid-1987 would be excessively long. Our topics here, in order from early to late evolutionary pahses are: Convective Overshooting (N.H. Baker), Mass Loss (I. Appenzeller), Novae (M. Livio), Presupernova Models and SN1987A (K. Nomoto), and Structure of X-Ray Bursting Neutron Stars (M.Y. Fujimoto and D. Sugimoto). In addition, Asteroseismology (H. Shibahashi) is reported briefly as one of the new disciplines now being developed. About two decades ago, Professor Martin Schwarzschild suggested convection, mass loss, and calculation of models through supernova stage as ones of the most important problems to attack. Though great progress has been achieved in these topics, we still have some fundamental questions concerning physical mechanisms involved. This is the reason why these topics are selected for this report.
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29

Ilham, Ilham. "Criminal law policy about KPK authorities in the perspective of criminal action in corruption in Indonesia." Jurnal Hukum Volkgeist 3, no. 2 (April 10, 2019): 156–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.35326/volkgeist.v3i2.125.

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Criminal law policy of the authority of the Corruption Eradication Commission the authority associated with the Corruption Eradication Commission (KPK) is the state agency that are unconstitutional, although not spelled out in the state constitution is the 1945 Constitution. Corruption eradication commission (KPK) was formed to look at the nature of the corruption itself is an extraordinary crime, so it requires an independent institution to fight corruption in Indonesia. Background The Commission is not due to the formation of the constitutional design rigidly interpreted, but rather incidental issues in the country and the common will of the people of Indonesia to combat corruption. Position of the Commission as a state agency is independent and free from the influence of any power, it is meant for combating corruption Commission did not get the intervention of any party. The establishment of the Commission was also a response to the ineffectiveness of the law enforcement agency performance so far in combating corruption, which impressed protracted in handling even indicated there was an element of corruption in the handling of his case. The authority granted by the Act prosecution to the Commission under the authority of the legitimate .The authority of the Commission is constitutional, it is reinforced by a number of decisions of the Supreme constitution..
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Melone, Albert P. "The Contract Clause And Supreme Court Decisionmaking: A Bicentennial Retrospective." American Review of Politics 9 (January 1, 1989): 41–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.15763/issn.2374-7781.1988.9.0.41-63.

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It is fitting that during the period of the bicentennial celebration of the U.S. Constitution public law scholars both reexamine constitutional history and engage in an introspective examination of the subfield within political science. There is dissatisfaction with the dominant approaches of political jurisprudence and judicial behavioralism (Stumpf 1983). Public choice theory, critical legal theory, and some normative models are vying for paradigmatic hegemony. Yet important figures of political jurisprudence and judicial behavioralism such as Pritchett, Murphy, Tanenhaus, Schubert, Schmidhauser, Nagel, Shapiro, and Ulmer, among others, have contributed greatly in explaining judicial decisionmaking in realistic political and human terms. It is a mistake to discard the advances of the last three or four decades in favor of approaches lacking explanatory power. Science, not rhetoric, must remain our epistemological foundation.
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Puspitasari, Yopa. "KEDUDUKAN KOMISI PEMBERANTASAN KORUPSI (KPK) DALAM STRUKTUR KETATANEGARAAN INDONESIA DITINJAU DARI HUKUM ISLAM." AL IMARAH : JURNAL PEMERINTAHAN DAN POLITIK ISLAM 4, no. 2 (December 8, 2019): 163. http://dx.doi.org/10.29300/imr.v4i2.2830.

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Abstract: The position of the Corruption Eradication Commission is currently a problem, because its authority is too broad and even exceeds the institutions regulated in the constitution. The Corruption Eradication Commission, is an institution regulated in Law Number 30 of 2002 concerning the Corruption Eradication Commission. In Islamic law itself the institution of the Corruption Eradication Commission is not regulated in a special institution such as in Indonesia, but there is an institution that is almost the same as the Corruption Eradication Commission, namely the Al-Mazalim Region. This research is juridical normati with the primary source is the Law on the Eradication of Corruption Crime and Books relating to the Al-Mazalim Region. The results of the study show that the issue of the position of the Corruption Eradication Commission is regulated in Law No. 30 of 2002, where the Corruption Eradication Commission according to the Act is an independent institution free from the influence of any power. Although the institution of the Corruption Eradication Commission was not the main institution regulated by the 1945 Constitution but the Commission which was regulated by Law, but its position was the same as the institutions stipulated in the 1945 Constitution. `, and al-Hisbah region, namely resolving cases that cannot be resolved by the two judicial institutions, namely the problem of persecution carried out by the authorities, judges, or their families. In addition, the Al-Mazhalim Region is independent with no intervention by the Head of State or State Officials. Keywords: Corruption Eradication Commission; Independent; Al-Mazalim Region.
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32

Sirait, Aladin. "INDONESIAN JUSTICE LEGAL POLITICS POST AMENDMENT OF 1945 CONSTITUTION." Al-IHKAM: Jurnal Hukum Keluarga Jurusan Ahwal al-Syakhshiyyah Fakultas Syariah IAIN Mataram 12, no. 1 (June 30, 2020): 37–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.20414/alihkam.v12i1.2304.

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The essence of change in the field of justice after the amendment is a change in the system of judicial power at the constitutional and statutory levels. The creation of new supreme judicial institutions namely the Constitutional Court, in addition to the Supreme Court as the bearer and executor of the highest judicial powers in the presence of an independent Judicial Commission and cannot be separated from the powers of the judiciary. Legal politics that gave birth to the Constitutional Court Institution in its scope of duties and authority has played a large and important role in the goal of realizing justice. The Judicial Commission in its duties and authorities can substantially improve law enforcement in the environment and justice within the Supreme Court by proposing the appointment of a Chief Justice to the House of Representatives (DPR). The Supreme Court made progress with the issuance of Guidelines for the Implementation of Oversight within the Judiciary and the Joint Decree of the Chair of the Supreme Court and the Chair of the Judicial Commission on the Code of Ethics and the Code of Conduct for Judges. The Constitutional Court and Judicial Commission in its position as a high state institution with a strict division of tasks and authority has played a role in the creation of checks and balances mechanisms.
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33

Cox, A. N., D. Sugimoto, P. H. Bodenheimer, C. S. Chiosi, D. J. Faulkner, A. Maeder, J. L. Tassoul, et al. "35. Stellar Constitution." Transactions of the International Astronomical Union 19, no. 1 (1985): 479–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0251107x00006544.

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This report of Commission 35, as in past reports, consists of some details of only a few selected topics. This is necessary because a survey of the entire field of stellar formation, structure, stability, evolution, pulsation, and explosions for the three year period from mid-1981 to mid-1984 would be excessively long. Our topics here, in order from the most massive stellar classes to the least are: Massive Stars (R.M. Humphreys), Rotation in Late Type Stars (W. Benz), Helioseismology (J. Christensen-Dalsgaard), Planetary Nebula Central Stars (E.M. Sion), Pulsations in Hot Degenerate Dwarf Stars (A.N. Cox and S.D. Kawaler), and White Dwarfs (V. Weidemann). There is some overlap in the reviewing of these last three reports because the topics are very closely related. Concentration in this dying stage of stellar evolution seems appropriate because of the great current interest in these matters.
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Parent, W. A. "Constitutional Commands of Human Dignity: A Bicentennial Essay in Honor of Mr. Justice William J. Brennan, Jr." Canadian Journal of Law & Jurisprudence 5, no. 2 (July 1992): 237–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0841820900001405.

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The first ten Amendments to the United States Constitution received final ratification on December 15, 1791. This year, then, marks the bicentenary of what is arguably the single most significant political event in my country’s history—the adoption of a Bill of Rights. So I write this essay in a celebratory spirit, to honor a most distinguished and influential U.S. Supreme Court Justice. Of the recently retired William J. Brennan, Jr.’s many outstanding contributions, his tireless promotion of human dignity as a preeminent legal principle stands out. Government should maintain and protect the dignity of those it serves, that the Constitution and Bill of Rights constitute nothing less than “a bold commitment by a people to the ideal of libertarian dignity protected through law”, are certainly attractive, even noble ideas. Yet, like so many abstract concepts, they are exasperatingly obscure.
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35

Stillman, Richard J., Don K. Price, Donald L. Robinson, and James L. Sundquist. "The Future of the American Constitution and the Administrative State after the Bicentennial: Some Reflections." Public Administration Review 48, no. 4 (July 1988): 813. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/975606.

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36

Bahar, Ujang. "PERAN KOMISI YUDISIAL DALAM SISTEM KETATANEGARAAN INDONESIA." DE'RECHTSSTAAT 3, no. 1 (June 8, 2017): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.30997/jhd.v3i1.710.

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The Judicial Commission (JC) is a new independent state institution established as a product of the reform in the constitutional system and its existence is confirmed in the 1945 Constitution. The Judicial Commission was established following the idea of a one-roof system in the judicial authority. Among the roles and authority of the Judicial Commission are to propose appointment of the Supreme Court justices to the House of Representatives (DPR) and to supervise the conducts of justices/judges in order to maintain their respect, dignity and honor and good conduct. However, in the performance of its duties, the Judicial Commission is not yet as independent as it has been expected. It can be seen from its limited authority. In supervising the conduct of the judges/justices, the Commission is not authorized to impose any sanctions and in the process of selection of candidates for the Supreme Court justices, its authority is limited only at the ratio 3:1. Therefore, the existence of the Commission under the 1945 Constitution becomes unclear, since it is placed under the chapter of the judicial authority, but in reality it does not exercise its judicial authority and only functions as a supervisory agency like the State Audit Board (BPK) instead. Consequently, the Commission only serves as the supporting institution to the Supreme Court, President and the House of Representatives. In order that the Commission becomes truly independent as an institution which supervises the implementation of the judicial power sitting at an equal level with other state institutions, it is necessary to strengthen the institution by making amendments (to re-determine the position of the Judicial Commission) in the 1945 Constitution and other relevant laws and regulations.
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37

Mujuzi, Jamil Ddamulira. "Prisoners’ right to vote in Uganda: Comment on Kalali Steven v Attorney General and the Electoral Commission." Journal of African Elections 19, no. 2 (October 1, 2020): 18–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.20940/jae/2020/v19i2a2.

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Article 59 of the Constitution of Uganda (1995) provides for the right to vote. Although the Constitution does not prohibit prisoners from voting, the Uganda Electoral Commission has never made arrangements for prisoners to vote. On 17 June 2020, in the case of Kalali Steven v Attorney General and the Electoral Commission, the Ugandan High Court held that prisoners and Ugandans in the diaspora have a right to vote and that the Electoral Commission should put in place arrangements for them to vote. Uganda will have elections in 2021. The purpose of this article is to suggest practical ways in which the Electoral Commission can comply with the High Court judgement. It is argued, inter alia, that there is no need for legislation to be enacted or amended to give effect to the High Court judgment.
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38

김태홍. "A Problem of the National Election Commission on the Constitution." Public Law Journal 13, no. 3 (August 2012): 57–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.31779/plj.13.3.201208.003.

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39

Lal, Brij V. "Towards a united future:Report of the Fiji constitution review commission." Journal of Pacific History 32, no. 1 (June 1997): 71–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00223349708572828.

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40

Tholoniat, Luc. "The temporal constitution of the European Commission: a timely investigation." Journal of European Public Policy 16, no. 2 (March 2009): 221–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13501760802589230.

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41

DINAN, DESMOND. "Governance and Institutions: A New Constitution and a New Commission." JCMS: Journal of Common Market Studies 43, s1 (September 2005): 37–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0021-9886.2005.00575.x.

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42

Schleiter, Petra, and Thomas G. Fleming. "International Best Practice and the Constitution, Democracy and Rights Commission." Political Quarterly 92, no. 1 (January 2021): 74–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-923x.12960.

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43

ICZN, Secretariat. "Proposed Amendments to the Constitution of the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature." ZooKeys 931 (April 30, 2020): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.931.51583.

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The International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN, or Commission) considered amendments to Articles of its Constitution (ICZN 1999a) at a special session in Singapore, convened on June 3–7, 2019. During this meeting, Commissioners also planned revisions to the Bylaws, the current International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN 1999b, 2003, 2012, 2017) and ZooBank user policies.
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44

Hall, Kermit L. "The "Magic Mirror" and the Promise of Western Legal History at the Bicentennial of the Constitution." Western Historical Quarterly 18, no. 4 (October 1987): 429. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/969366.

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45

Wood, J. E. "Editorial: "No Religious Test Shall Ever Be Required": Reflections on the Bicentennial of the U.S. Constitution." Journal of Church and State 29, no. 2 (March 1, 1987): 199–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jcs/29.2.199.

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46

Adkison, Danny M., and Lisa McNair Palmer. "American Government Textbooks and The Federalist Papers." Political Science Teacher 1, no. 1 (1988): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0896082800000015.

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It seems appropriate in this bicentennial year to examine the treatment introductory American government textbooks give the U.S. Constitution. Nearly every text devotes a chapter (typically, the second) to the events leading up to, and the writing of, the Constitution. But what of the political theory on which the Constitution is based? The Constitution, by itself, is too brief and devoid of theory to provide students with an overall assessment of that document. The source that is often relied upon by constitutional scholars to provide that theory is The Federalist Papers. It is the textbooks' treatment of these essays that we will explore here.The Federalist Papers were 85 newspaper editorials written by Hamilton, Madison, and jay, under the pseudonym Publius, in support of ratification of the proposed Constitution. The first essay was published October 27, 1787, and when the last essay was published, the authors had written 175,000 words. This was an average of 1,000 words a day, and was about 35 times the length of the Constitution itself.Hamilton initiated the project in reaction to another set of pseudonymous literature published in New York. New York support of the Constitution was essential, and it was doubtful that the state would ratify. As the seat of the central government, New York was in a pivotal position on the eastern seaboard. It had a lively commerce, and thus was not eager for change. Governor George Clinton staunchly opposed ratification. New York had not signed the Constitution because all of its delegates, except Hamilton, had left in protest and no one signatory was authorized to approve the document for the state.
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47

Myers, J. A. "State Constitution Revision: An Exercise in Federalism and Sovereignty." Political Science Teacher 1, no. 4 (1988): 9–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0896082800000374.

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Experience with the concepts of federalism and sovereignty is usually limited to readings and lectures, especially in a class of undergraduates. Since these two concepts are the foundation of American governmental structure on all levels, I want to ensure that the students grasp them. I feel that students have a better grasp of information and its application when they can actually use the information themselves. I have developed the following exercise to explore federalism and sovereignty issues: posing a question concerning a state's revision of its constitution to the students as if they were on the state's constitution revision commission. The lively debates and discussions that ensue cover not only the main issues of sovereignty and federalism but encompass the use (and misuse) of executive power, legislative oversight, and commissions—all concepts that are critical to the study of American national, state and local government.Towards the end of a class focusing on constitutions (and after a class covering the basics of federalism), the stage is set by talking about state constitution revisions and the trend toward simpler “plain English” state constitutions. (Note: This can be adapted for county/city/town charter revisions also.) The class is told that the instructor is the governor of the State of Confusion, and they have been gathered to form the State of Confusion's Constitution Revision Commission. The first section the commission will address at the next meeting is the following:
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48

Annas, George J. "The Impact of Medical Technology on the Pregnant Woman’s Right to Privacy." American Journal of Law & Medicine 13, no. 2-3 (1987): 213–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0098858800008340.

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In the context of the bicentennial of the Constitution and science's relationship to society, it has been argued that “the advance of science and technology in the West has changed not only the relation of man to nature but of man to man.“ This seemingly immodest statement may soon prove an understatement. In the arena of human reproduction, the marriage of science and technology in medicine may change not only the relationship of man to nature and man to man, but more significantly, the very concept of what it means to be human. This, in turn, will directly affect how we define the “rights” this “new human” may properly claim.This article begins to explore developing reproductive medical technology with a view toward examining the way it might change our concept of humanness, and how this change might be accommodated, encouraged, or truncated by the relationship between the government and its pregnant citizens as defined by the United States Constitution and the “right to privacy.”
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49

Rusanovschi, Iulian. "Amendment of the Contravention Code or Defiance of the Constitution by the Exceptional Situations Commission?" National Law Journal, no. 1(243) (July 2021): 56–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.52388/1811-0770.2021.1(243).05.

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On 17.03.2020, the Parliament declared a state of emergency on the entire territory of the Republic of Moldova for the period March 17 - May 15, 2020. By the same Decision, the Parliament delegated the Commission for Exceptional Situations with the right to implement a series of measures to overcome the epidemiological situation in the country. However, in the conditions of a functioning Parliament and despite the clear and exhaustive texts of the Constitution, the Commission for Exceptional Situations amended during the state of emergency the Contravention Code, which is an organic law. The amendments specifically concerned the procedure and terms for examining infringement cases brought in connection with non-compliance with the measures adopted by the Commission for Exceptional Situations and the Extraordinary Commission for Public Health. In the conditions in which an organic law can be modified only by the Parliament, it is obvious the unconstitutionality, at least partial, of the Disposition no. 4 of 24.03.2020 of the Commission for Exceptional Situations, but unfortunately, the Constitutional Court is not mandated with the right to submit to constitutional review the normative acts adopted by the Commission for Exceptional Situations. Under these conditions, the state is obliged to identify solutions in order not to allow an authority to adopt unconstitutional normative acts that cannot be subject to constitutional review.
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50

Delhaye, Philippe. "L'après Vatican II et la constitution de la Commission Théologique Internationale." Revue théologique de Louvain 16, no. 3 (1985): 288–315. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/thlou.1985.2126.

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