Relevant bibliographies by topics / Commissioning cones

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers

Academic literature on the topic 'Commissioning cones'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 15 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Commissioning cones"

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Stathakis, S., D. Mihailidis, C. Esquivel, et al. "SU-GG-T-398: Monte Carlo Commissioning of BrainLab SRS Cones on a NovalisTX." Medical Physics 37, no. 6Part22 (2010): 3278. http://dx.doi.org/10.1118/1.3468795.

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Azcona, Juan Diego, Benigno Barbés, Verónica Morán, and Javier Burguete. "Commissioning of small field size radiosurgery cones in a 6-MV flattening filter-free beam." Medical Dosimetry 42, no. 4 (2017): 282–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.meddos.2017.06.003.

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Wiant, David B., Jonathon A. Terrell, Jacqueline M. Maurer, Caroline L. Yount, and Benjamin J. Sintay. "Commissioning and validation of BrainLAB cones for 6X FFF and 10X FFF beams on a Varian TrueBeam STx." Journal of Applied Clinical Medical Physics 14, no. 6 (2013): 293–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1120/jacmp.v14i6.4493.

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Wiant, D., and B. Sintay. "SU-E-T-421: Commissioning of Brainlab Cones for 6×FFF and 10×FFF Beams On a Varian TrueBeam STx." Medical Physics 40, no. 6Part17 (2013): 302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1118/1.4814855.

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Gokce, Yasir. "Commissioning Development to Externals." International Journal of Cyber Warfare and Terrorism 11, no. 3 (2021): 30–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijcwt.2021070103.

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Bringing externals in the critical business processes and having them assume some or all of the responsibilities associated with the critical business functions comes with information security risks whose impact, if materialized, could be disastrous for business and therefore warrants a meticulous and holistic approach for managing those risks. Compounded with the engagement of externals in the development process, risks facing a development project require robust risk management by the outsourcing organization. The organization should be able influence the security behavior of those externals and induce them to comply with certain secure development principles and practices. Delving deep into those risks brought about by suppliers, this study aims at offering a methodology in addressing the risks associated with commissioning some or all components of a would-be-developed product to externals and shows how those risks can be mitigated by controlling the security behavior of suppliers through well-tailored contractual provisions.
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Delgado Sobrino, Daynier Rolando, Roman Ružarovský, Radovan Holubek, and Karol Velíšek. "Into the early steps of Virtual Commissioning in Tecnomatix Plant Simulation using S7-PLCSIM Advanced and STEP 7 TIA Portal." MATEC Web of Conferences 299 (2019): 02005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201929902005.

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The commissioning of new designs, technologies, production related changes and control codes and strategies has been always a risky milestone to overcome in manufacturing. It has been carried out, in many instances, in a (quasi) poka-yoke way often leading companies to incur extra costs affecting the overall efficiency of a given project. In this regard, the emergence of novel Virtual Commissioning tools and methods have become a great asset adding to the commissioning process the values of shorter times, flexibility and reduced risks. The present paper aims at giving an introductory insight into the early steps of “Virtual Commissioning” in the software Tecnomatix Plant Simulation in conjunction with other engineering tools like the S7-PLCSIM Advanced and STEP 7 TIA Portal. It generally exploressome of the capabilities of the software, and boards the benefits of using it prior to the implementation/real commissioning. The paper further lists key steps related to the realization of this process andmakes emphasis on the interconnection and functioning of all of these tools for Virtual Commissioning purposes. At the end, there is also a simple example that implements and illustrates some of the contents and knowledge addressed.
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Hunt, Nigel. "Why should the NHS continue to fund orthodontic treatment in the current financial climate?" Faculty Dental Journal 4, no. 1 (2013): 16–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1308/204268513x13527109981012.

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The commissioning of future dental services is once again in the spotlight as we move into the transition phase before the full effect of the commissioning boards comes in April 2013. The delivery of specialist orthodontic care has been particularly badly disrupted over the past 18 months with gross variations in the way in which procurement exercises have been undertaken by some primary care trusts. As a consequence, the British Orthodontic Society (BOS) has received complaints from both patients and specialists focusing on the disruption to the delivery of services and continuity of patient care.
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de Costa, Alex. "With Power Comes Scrutiny: Judicial Review of Clinical Commissioning Group Decisions." Medico-Legal Journal 81, no. 1 (2013): 36–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0025817212472862.

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Hailer, Jason, and Allan Chasey. "Codes and Standards Resource for Semiconductor Fabrication Facilities." Journal of the IEST 45, no. 1 (2002): 53–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.17764/jiet.45.1.kh47g16u32x6u60l.

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The CREATE Codes and Standards Resource for semiconductor facility design, construction, and commissioning is an effort to compile all codes and standards relevant to the semiconductor industry. The CREATE Codes and Standards Resource is designed to easily guide the semiconductor EHS professional through the various codes, standards, and specifications that have a direct impact on the facilities, both in the operations and on the individuals. Links to other known resources, as well as topics that should be considered from an EHS standpoint, are available in a web-based portal for ease of access and for dissemination of the data.
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Middleton, R., H. A. Wilson, A. Alvand, et al. "Outcome-based commissioning of knee arthroplasty in the NHS." Bone & Joint Journal 100-B, no. 12 (2018): 1572–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1302/0301-620x.100b12.bjj-2018-0324.r1.

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Aims Our unit was identified as a negative outlier in the national patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) programme, which has significant funding implications. As a centre that carries out a high volume of unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA), our objectives were: 1) to determine whether the PROMs programme included primary UKA when calculating the gain in Oxford Knee Score (OKS); and 2) to determine the impact of excluding primary UKA on calculated OKS gains for primary knee arthroplasty. Materials and Methods National PROMs data from England (2012 to 2016) were analyzed. Inclusion of UKA cases in the national PROMs programme was determined using clinical codes. Local OKS gain was calculated for UKA and TKA and compared with the published PROMs results for 2012/13. Results Use of the recommended codes for primary UKA excluded 99.6% of UKAs locally and 97% nationally from PROMs programme analysis. Inclusion of primary UKAs in PROMs analysis improved our OKS gain from 15.1 (below average) to 16.3 (above average) for 2012/13 for primary knee arthroplasty. Conclusion Exclusion of UKA patients from the PROMs programme is a nationwide issue that potentially introduces bias when comparing OKS gain between centres. Where commissioning decisions are based on routinely collected data, it is imperative that the underlying methodology is appropriate to generate valid results.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Commissioning cones"

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Yates, Justin Yates. "Retrospective Dosimetric Comparison of MLC Defined Conformal Arc to Stereotactic Cone Plans for Single Fraction SRS on the Varian Edge (TM)." University of Toledo Health Science Campus / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=mco1525441068022458.

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Books on the topic "Commissioning cones"

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Engineers, Chartered Institution of Building Services. Commissioning codes. Chartered Institution of Building Services Engineers, 1989.

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Heginbotham, Christopher. Ethics and Values of Commissioning Mental Health Services. Edited by John Z. Sadler, K. W. M. Fulford, and Werdie (C W. ). van Staden. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198732372.013.51.

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Commissioning is a cyclical process of that demands an understanding of the needs of prospective and current patients and service users, knowledge of community and institutional assets for psychiatric care, information on those public private and independent organizations available and willing to provide services, a wide and deep understanding of psychiatric nosology and treatments available, an ability to turn this information into a contract that is negotiated with the relevant providers, a recognition of cost and quality, a resource allocation methodology, and a system of measurement and clinical governance. Care planning, needs assessment, service development, and contracting disciplines each have their own ethical codes and values bases; by using values-based systems that engage patients and seek to meet patients lived experience, commissioners can shape the most appropriate service relevant to the patients’ recovery objectives.
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Wootton, Lisa, Tom Fahy, and Simon Wilson. The interface of general psychiatric and forensic psychiatric services. Edited by Alec Buchanan and Lisa Wootton. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198738664.003.0017.

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This chapter examines community psychiatric service provision for mentally disordered offenders, focussing on the United Kingdom and United States. In doing so, it acknowledges that mentally disordered offenders are at risk of rejection and of falling between services. They are doubly stigmatized by having a mental illness and being offenders. It explores the context, commissioning, components of a service, and models of care (including the evidence base for them). Also considered are the pros and cons of specialist services, as well as how they might differentiate their task from that of the CMHT. The chapter concludes by considering how services can work together to meet the needs of this complex and challenging group of patients.
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Book chapters on the topic "Commissioning cones"

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Witchard, Anne. "‘Beautiful, baleful absurdity’: Chinoiserie and Modernist Ballet." In British Modernism and Chinoiserie. Edinburgh University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9780748690954.003.0007.

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The post-war return of Sergei Diaghilev’s Ballets Russes to London in 1918 was heralded by colourful posters of a ‘Chinaman’ complete with trailing pigtail. This was Picasso’s design for the Chinese Conjurer in Jean Cocteau’s ballet, Parade (1914). However Parade would not receive its London premiere until months later. While the avant-garde Parade had a distinctly minority appeal, Picasso’s Chinese Conjurer was a shrewdly commercial choice, testament to the British love affair with theatrical chinoiserie. This chapter examines the ways its engagement with chinoiserie contributed to the development of Modernist ballet. It starts with Alexandre Benois’ designs for Stravinsky’s adaptation of Hans Christian Andersen’s story ‘The Nightingale’ in 1914. Diaghilev re-adapted it in 1917 as Le Chant du Rossignol, commissioning Italian Futurist designer, Fortunata Depero. In its juxtaposition of artifice with nature, ‘The Nightingale’ lent itself to modernist treatment. Depero’s kinetic sculpture garden of cones and discs peopled by geometrical court ladies and mandarins was never staged, but in 1919 Diaghilev revived the idea, bringing Henri Matisse to work with choreographer Léonide Massine in London. In 1925 Diaghilev revived Matisse’s Le Chant du Rossignol for a third time with new choreography by George Balanchine fresh from the Soviet avant garde.
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Roche, William R. "Healthcare Management." In A Medic's Guide to Essential Legal Matters. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198749851.003.0012.

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Doctors are familiar with the professional regulation of their practice and behaviour through the General Medical Council and for their liabilities under civil law in the event that a patient comes to harm. The public outcry in response to a series of reports into healthcare failings and wrongdoing has led to legislation that criminalizes certain acts and omissions. Increased resort to judicial review has also produced a series of key judgments that have more sharply defined the duties and liabilities of those commissioning and providing healthcare. Medical managers need to be aware of the increased range of professional expectations of them as individuals and the statutory duties of healthcare commissioners and providers. This chapter will discuss issues in relation to this, such as rationing, corporate manslaughter, due diligence, duty of candour, intellectual property, exploiting commercial interests, and trainee liability.
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McHugh, Dominic. "“We’re Not in Kansas Any More”." In Adapting The Wizard of Oz. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190663179.003.0009.

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Chapter 8 explores three contrasting attempts to adapt the film for the theater. First, following the release of the MGM film, in 1942 the St. Louis Municipal Opera hoped to capitalize on the success of the movie by commissioning a stage production that incorporated the familiar songs. Second, in the mid-1980s, the Royal Shakespeare Company returned to the MGM film as the basis for a new stage adaptation. Though their version promoted the supposed authenticity of this approach, expanding the movie into a full theater piece nevertheless caused tensions between practice and nostalgia. Third, a generation later, Andrew Lloyd Webber reteamed with his best-known collaborator, Tim Rice, to write some new songs to interpolate into a new stage version. Here, the text was revised with a new audience and new era in mind: though the movie was celebrating its sixtieth anniversary, the new adaptation brought contemporary values, and therefore a shift of emphasis, to the beloved text. Each of the three adaptations had its pros and cons, though none could match the success of the original movie. This chapter therefore also serves to explore the problems of adapting screen musicals for the stage, as can also be seen from two other disappointing stage adaptations of MGM movies, Meet Me in St. Louis and Seven Brides for Seven Brothers.
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Conference papers on the topic "Commissioning cones"

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Cosham, Andrew, Robert J. Eiber, Robert Owen, and Jan Spiekhout. "A Historical Review of Pre-Commissioning Hydrotest Failures." In 2006 International Pipeline Conference. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2006-10333.

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The concept of proof testing engineering structures has its origins in antiquity. The pre-commissioning hydrostatic test (also known as the pre-service pressure test) has been an important part of the process of commissioning a newly constructed pipeline for over 50 years, since its beginnings in the 1950s in the USA. The purpose of the hydrotest is several-fold: to prove the leak tightness of the pipeline system at a pressure above the design pressure, as a strength (proof) test to identify (fail) defects and sub-standard pipe, and to prove a safety margin above the pipeline design pressure. Historical data, from PARLOC (Pipeline and Riser Loss of Containment), the OPS (Office of Pipeline Safety) 30 day Incident Reports, and the published literature on the number and causes of pre-commissioning hydrotest failures has been reviewed. The historical data covers onshore gas transmission pipelines in the USA and the UK, and gas and liquid pipelines in the North Sea. The data covers the period from 1952 to 2005, although there are significant gaps in the data (e.g. the OPS data for the USA does not report test failures after 1984). In this paper, the historical data is summarised over this period, by year, in terms of the number of failures per km, and trends in the frequency and type of failures are identified. Comparison of USA and UK experience, or onshore and offshore experience, is contentious because of the influences of different design codes, and local custom and practice. The USA and UK pipeline design code requirements for the hydrotest are summarised in the paper, and it is shown that some of the trends in the failure data may be explained by the differences between the codes. Failures during the hydrotest are rare, but occasionally they do occur. The general consensus is that failures during the precommissioning hydrostatic test are now less common, and that failures due to defective line pipe (rather than due to leaking fittings) are rare. The historical data supports this consensus, but it also highlights that it is largely based on anecdotal evidence rather than data and analysis, because information on test failures is not now routinely gathered and published. The results of the historical review demonstrate that understanding the causes and reasons for hydrotest failures is important for learning from past mistakes, and also for identifying those cases where it may be possible to dispense with a pre-commissioning hydrotest. Reliable historical data on hydrotest failures is necessary to quantify trends over time, and to understand the causes of failures. The pipeline industry as a whole is not coherently recording this data. It should be.
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McClintock, Michael, Eric C. Gwin, Harold P. Grace, and Ira R. Burcham. "Recent New Combined Cycle and Gas Turbine Plant Acceptance Test Experience." In International Joint Power Generation Conference collocated with TurboExpo 2003. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ijpgc2003-40151.

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In the past year, Constellation Power Source Generation (CPSG) has commissioned (or is commissioning) four new combined cycle and simple cycle gas turbine plants. Each of these plants involved different equipment, vendors and architect engineers. Acceptance testing was done for these plants in accordance with ASME PTCs 46 and 22 with support from Fossil Consulting Services, Inc. (FCS). The Performance Test Codes provided the framework for the testing done, but considerable work was required to apply the codes in accordance with relevant contracts. Problems in acceptance testing can result in costly delay and retesting. This paper describes the lessons learned in resolving issues and problems that can help others in planning for and executing similar tests. These lessons learned can also help in writing effective contracts between owners, vendors and architect engineers.
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Fiducioso, Marcello, Sebastian Curi, Benedikt Schumacher, Markus Gwerder, and Andreas Krause. "Safe Contextual Bayesian Optimization for Sustainable Room Temperature PID Control Tuning." In Twenty-Eighth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-19}. International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2019/811.

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We tune one of the most common heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) control loops, namely the temperature control of a room. For economical and environmental reasons, it is of prime importance to optimize the performance of this system. Buildings account from 20 to 40 % of a country energy consumption, and almost 50 % of it comes from HVAC systems. Scenario projections predict a 30 % decrease in heating consumption by 2050 due to efficiency increase. Advanced control techniques can improve performance; however, the proportional-integral-derivative (PID) control is typically used due to its simplicity and overall performance. We use Safe Contextual Bayesian Optimization to optimize the PID parameters without human intervention. We reduce costs by 32 % compared to the current PID controller setting while assuring safety and comfort to people in the room. The results of this work have an immediate impact on the room control loop performances and its related commissioning costs. Furthermore, this successful attempt paves the way for further use at different levels of HVAC systems, with promising energy, operational, and commissioning costs savings, and it is a practical demonstration of the positive effects that Artificial Intelligence can have on environmental sustainability.
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Klohr, M., J. Schmidtke, S. Tschirren, and P. Rihak. "Initial Operating Experience and Test Results of ABB’s Gas Turbine GT13E2." In ASME 1995 International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/95-gt-248.

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On 20 October 1993, the first ABB GT13E2 gas turbine was put into operation. This 165 MW class gas turbine achieves 35,7% thermal efficiency in single cycle application and up to 54,3% (according ISO standard 3977, Annexe F) in a three pressure system. An optimised turbine and compressor design along with the increased turbine inlet temperature, lead to improved efficiency and electrical output. A new concept for the combustor aimed at meeting the increasing demands on gas turbine emissions. The GT13E2 is equipped with the new single annular combustor and 72 of the ABB EV double cone burners. The commissioning and testing of the first GT13E2 was carried out at the Kawasaki Gas Turbine Research Center (KGRC) in Sodegaura City near Tokyo, Japan. The gas turbine was assembled with various measurement systems to monitor static and dynamic pressure, gas and metal temperature, expansion, vibration, velocity and emissions. The facility will be used during a 15 year joint test program by ABB and Kawasaki Heavy Industries (KHI) to obtain a sound database of operating experience for further improvements of the GT13E2 gas turbine. Therefore, mid 1994 a second test phase was conducted and early 1995 a third test period is scheduled. In parallel, the 2nd and 3rd GT13E2’s were commissioned and tested at the Deeside Combined Cycle Power Plant near Chester, Great Britain. In November 1994, the 4th GT13E2 at Lage Weide was successfully commissioned. This paper describes the operating experience with the GT13E2 during the first commissioning and test phases at KGRC and Deeside. The design features, the test facility, the instrumentation, the commissioning and test results are presented and discussed.
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Bourguigne, G., and F. Schroeter. "Fatigue Monitoring: Case Studies in Nuclear Power Plant." In ASME 2018 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2018-84007.

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During design of Class I components in Nuclear Power Plants, cumulative usage factors (CUF) are conservatively calculated to estimate fatigue damage, and results must be below the limits of the applicable codes. Nevertheless, when these results are used to evaluate the possibility of using these components for an extended life, the results are frequently above code limits. Many Nuclear Power Plants have installed commercial fatigue monitoring systems at critical components in order to assess transient severity and cycle count for life extension fatigue calculations among other reasons. Since the commissioning of the system, unexpected operation modes and thermal stratification was discovered and evaluations needed to be done. Findings, interpretations and solving are presented in this paper.
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Gou, Feng, Fubing Chen, and Yujie Dong. "Considerations on a Validation Matrix for System Analysis Codes of Pebble Bed Modular HTRs." In 2017 25th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone25-67492.

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The modular High Temperature Reactor (HTR) experienced substantial development over the past two decades in China. At present, the 10 MWth experimental reactor HTR-10 is under operation and the 200 MWe demonstration power plant HTR-PM is in its commissioning phase. Both of the HTR-10 and the HTR-PM are pebble bed HTRs designed by the institute of nuclear and new energy technology (INET) of Tsinghua University. In the design and analysis of modular HTRs, system analysis codes play an important role in predicting the reactor behaviour under both normal operation and accident conditions. According to China’s nuclear safety regulations, codes and models employed in the HTR system analysis must be verified and validated in conformance with a specified procedure. Thus, a flowchart is recommended in this paper for the validation of system analysis codes. As the first step of the flowchart, a phenomena identification and ranking table (PIRT) process has been performed on the subject of the HTR-PM thermal hydraulics and accident analysis. In this paper, the PIRT process is introduced and the PIRT results are presented. With the purpose of developing a validation matrix, test data have been collected mainly from the operation history and various tests of the HTR-10. On such basis, some considerations on developing a validation matrix are discussed to benefit the code validation work.
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Prewitt, T. J., Shane Finneran, and Juan Carlos Ruiz-Rico. "Calculation of Inspection Intervals for an Ammonia Storage Tank Based on Design Modifications, RBI, Commissioning Inspection, and FEA." In ASME 2018 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2018-84742.

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One of the most critical welds in the design of a large storage tank is the weld between the bottom annular plates and shell wall. The change in direction of the material introduces a biaxial stress, and possible stress concentration. This paper evaluates a method of determining a required inspection interval based on using a combination of conservative design modifications, risk based inspection (RBI) assessments, on site construction verification, and FEA analyses. In the case study presented, a design modification was made to specify this traditionally dual fillet weld as a full-penetration fillet weld. While this exceeds the typical design requirements, exceeding the minimum requirements, inspection codes do not provide acceptance criteria for the design. A more thorough volumetric inspection was conducted, in addition to the typical magnetic particle inspection, to confirm the full penetration of the weld was achieved. In making conservative changes to the design, more robust inspections, and performing RBI methodology, a longer inspection interval can be determined due to the increased information available on the outset. These small changes at the start of the construction can lead to increased operating time without an intrusive inspection through the lifespan of the tank.
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Serret, Jordi, Carlos Rodriguez, Tahsin Tezdogan, Tim Stratford, and Philipp Thies. "Code Comparison of a NREL-FAST Model of the Levenmouth Wind Turbine With the GH Bladed Commissioning Results." In ASME 2018 37th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2018-77495.

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This paper describes the process adopted to set up a FAST model to produce relevant design load cases (DLCs) for the Levenmouth (Samsung Heavy Industries - S7.0-171) demonstration foreshore wind turbine owned by the Offshore Renewable Energy Catapult (ORE Catapult). The paper does not take into account hydrodynamic forces. Existing literature has carried out FAST studies predominantly using reference turbines (e.g. NREL-5MW, DTU-10MW) instead of real prototype or commercial turbines. This paper presents the results for the Levenmouth wind turbine, a real, operating demonstration wind turbine. The paper explores and simulates the critical loads for the turbine, which will be very valuable validation case for industrial and academic use. Moreover, the Levenmouth wind turbine exhibits a new generation of extremely flexible blades that conflict with the previous approaches used by most common aero-elastic codes and makes this simulation a challenge. The study is divided into three steps. It starts with building the model and fine-tuning it until it matches the natural frequencies of the blades and tower. The second step encompasses the comparison of the commissioning results with the relevant NREL FAST simulations to match the dynamic behaviour of the turbine. The final step comprises a load comparison for the interface between the tower and transition piece, in order to validate the new aero-elastic model with the commissioning loads. The results of the study show 98% agreement in the natural frequencies and dynamic performance, and a 78% agreement in the loads between the aero-servo-elastic model and the certification results. The present study is framed into an engineering doctorate project and a more comprehensive turbine virtualisation project. We anticipate that our work to be the initial point for more sophisticated aero-elastic models adapted to the unique properties of the Levenmouth demonstration wind turbine.
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Toti, A., J. Vierendeels, and F. Belloni. "Development and Preliminary Validation of a STH-CFD Coupling Method for Multiscale Thermal-Hydraulic Simulations of the MYRRHA Reactor." In 2016 24th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone24-60438.

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MYRRHA (Multi-purpose hybrid research reactor for high-tech applications) is a lead-bismuth eutectic (LBE) cooled research reactor currently under development at SCK•CEN, the Belgian Nuclear Research Centre. The compact design of the pool-type primary system implies the presence of pronounced 3D thermal fluid-dynamic phenomena, which can affect the evolution of certain accidental transients such as loss of flow (LOF). System thermal-hydraulics (STH) codes, conceived to carry out global NPP safety analyses, present severe limitations in taking into account local 3D phenomena including flow mixing, thermal stratification, etc. To overcome this limitation, a promising solution is coupling STH codes with CFD codes, which can calculate complex flow fields but result, on the other hand, in too expensive computational resources for whole-plant simulations. A domain decomposition method that couples the STH code RELAP5-3D and the CFD code Ansys FLUENT has been developed and implemented. Proof-of-principle tests on simple configurations have been carried out to demonstrate its validity and to identify modeling and numerical issues. The experimental campaign carried out at the test facility TALL-3D, operated by the KTH Royal Institute of Technology in Sweden, has been selected for preliminary verification and validation (V&V) of this method. This paper presents the results of the coupled 1D-3D simulation of a forced-to-natural circulation transient event, whose evolution results to be strongly affected by flow mixing and stratification phenomena. The experimental validation, based on a high-quality set of experimental data, is currently on-going. Further development and validation activities will be carried out in the experimental facility ESCAPE, under commissioning at SCK•CEN, within the recently launched EU project MYRTE (Horizon 2020 programme).
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Willey, Lawrence D., and Joel Chalfin. "Electric Power Generation Equipment Specification and Supply in the Rapidly Changing Global Regulatory Scene." In ASME Turbo Expo 2002: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2002-30161.

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The proliferation of new codes & standards for power generation equipment procurement, and their increased frequency of revision, contributes to an atmosphere of increasingly rapid change in global trade considerations. This dynamic environment has amplified intensely with each year, to an extent that the life cycle of a given standard is in many instances appreciably less than the delivery cycles of heavy machinery. Other issues are created by the slower pace of harmonization of codes & standards in the European Union (EU), US and elsewhere. These codes & standards cover requirements that include emissions, acoustics, and safety that exert pronounced effects on the design, manufacture, and integration of power plant components. Conformity assessment partnering and the importance of other expert interpretation services are a key component to successfully meeting evolving compliance requirements. Delivering Customer Fulfillment for the Order to Remittance (OTR) phase of a project must be circled back to the Inquiry to Order (ITO) front end of the business cycle for new proposals. Another interesting arena is the relationship of advanced prime mover design balanced with the need for standardization to meet these regulatory challenges in the face of high production volume. The typical power generation project cycle, measured in terms of years, coupled with the present high demand worldwide results in orders for equipment that in many cases can’t foresee regulatory requirements 2 to 3 years into the future. Examples include projects in the EU where the Pressure Equipment Directive (PED) and Atmospheres Explosive (ATEX) Directive have mandatory compliance dates of May 2002 and June 2003 respectively. Electric power generation Original Equipment Manufacturers (OEMs) and their suppliers must plan for and price into contracts compliance with these laws years before the equipment is built and shipped. This is further complicated by the interpretation of specific requirements and the definition of the OEM conformity assessment strategy. To rectify this situation, it is recommended that steps be initiated to accelerate the worldwide harmonization of technical standards. In addition, consideration for the delivery cycles and commissioning of new power plants must be included in the regulatory process and in setting the dates for mandatory compliance with regional law.
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