Relevant bibliographies by topics / Commitments to alliance

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers

Academic literature on the topic 'Commitments to alliance'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Commitments to alliance"

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Benson, Brett V., Patrick R. Bentley, and James Lee Ray. "Ally provocateur." Journal of Peace Research 50, no. 1 (January 2013): 47–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022343312454445.

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The primary purpose of many alliances is to deter attacks on members of the alliance by potentially antagonistic states. Yet some alliances can increase the probability of conflict that may be initiated by alliance members. Cognizant of that possibility, states that wish to sustain peace may nevertheless intentionally form alliance commitments with revisionist leaders of other states. Faced with the partially conflicting goals of deterring antagonistic states while at the same time restraining allies, leaders often include in alliance treaties conditions that oblige allies to provide military assistance only if a member of the alliance is attacked by a state outside the alliance. However, other treaties may contain unconditional obligations to come to the defense of members of the alliance. Such alliances tend to arise from situations where some members of the alliance feel that their alliance partners need to have the flexibility even to engage in provocative behavior in order to deter the target of the alliance. Our analysis of alliance formation processes in the context of priorities that compete with each other provides a basis for two hypotheses. The first is that revisionist states with unconditional commitments from members of their alliance to come to their defense are more likely to initiate militarized conflict than states without such unconditional commitments. The second hypothesis is that revisionist states in alliances whose treaties stipulate that commitments to defend are conditional will be less likely to initiate militarized conflict than such states with allies who are committed to come to their defense without conditions. Statistical analyses of data generated with a view toward evaluations of both hypotheses (some of which provide new, more detailed categorizations of alliance treaties) suggest that they are valid.
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Leeds, Brett Ashley. "Alliance Reliability in Times of War: Explaining State Decisions to Violate Treaties." International Organization 57, no. 4 (2003): 801–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020818303574057.

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AbstractUnderstanding the conditions under which state leaders are willing to honor alliance commitments in war will increase knowledge about the escalation and diffusion of conflict and about the propensity of states to fulfill agreements under anarchy. New data analysis provides evidence that alliance commitments are fulfilled about 75 percent of the time. But how can one understand the failure of alliance partners to act as promised in the remaining 25 percent of cases? Formal modelers have deduced that because of the costs associated with alliances, state leaders who form alliances are likely to fulfill them; those alliances that are formed should be fairly reliable. I argue, therefore, that one can best account for violations of alliance agreements either through an understanding of the factors that reduce the costs of violation or through changes that have occurred since the alliance was formed. Using detailed data on alliance commitments between 1816 and 1944, I find evidence commensurate with this argument. Changes in the power of states or in their policymaking processes are powerful predictors of the failure to honor past commitments; and nondemocratic states and major powers, sets of states that I argue suffer lower costs from reneging on agreements, are more likely to violate treaties.
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Berkemeier, Molly, and Matthew Fuhrmann. "Reassessing the fulfillment of alliance commitments in war." Research & Politics 5, no. 2 (April 2018): 205316801877969. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2053168018779697.

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Leeds et al. (2000) report that military alliance commitments are honored in war around 75% of the time. We update and extend data on alliance reliability from 1816 to 2003. Our analysis reveals a lower compliance rate overall: 50%. We find a sharp disparity in alliance reliability before and after World War II. States honored their alliance commitments 66% of the time prior to 1945 but the compliance rate drops to 22% from 1945 to 2003. Moreover, the rates of fulfillment for defense pacts (41%) and nonaggression pacts (37%) are dramatically lower than offensive alliances (74%) and neutrality agreements (78%). These findings carry implications for the role of military alliances in world politics and highlight the need for more research to explain the differences that emerge before and after World War II.
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Ahwireng-Obeng, F., and O. O. Egunjobi. "Performance determinants of large-small business strategic alliances in South Africa." South African Journal of Business Management 32, no. 3 (September 30, 2001): 41–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/sajbm.v32i3.724.

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The literature suggests that the success of strategic alliances between large and small firms is influenced by four broad factors: motivational, cultural and resource capability synergies; shared commitments, goals and roles; participative planning, operationalisation and administration; and regular open communications. This study suggests that even though mismatches and incongruencies may be evident, the alliance formation and endurance are influenced by two other factors: largely similar perceptions by both groups regarding the alliance’s performance determinants; and a strong expectation by the large firm group of high future net benefits from aligning with small firms. Performance is, invariably, contingent upon implementing a number of ‘pre-emptive’ steps during the course of the alliance.
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Sharp, Jane M. O. "Arms Control and Alliance Commitments." Political Science Quarterly 100, no. 4 (1985): 649. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2151545.

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Tomz, Michael, and Jessica L. P. Weeks. "Military Alliances and Public Support for War." International Studies Quarterly 65, no. 3 (February 25, 2021): 811–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/isq/sqab015.

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Abstract How do military alliances affect public support for war to defend victims of aggression? We offer the first experimental evidence on this fundamental question. Our experiments revealed that alliance commitments greatly increased the American public's willingness to intervene abroad. Alliances shaped public opinion by increasing public fears about the reputational costs of nonintervention and by heightening the perceived moral obligation to intervene out of concerns for fairness and loyalty. Finally, although alliances swayed public opinion across a wide range of circumstances, they made the biggest difference when the costs of intervention were high, the stakes of intervention were low, and the country needing aid was not a democracy. Thus, alliances can create pressure for war even when honoring the commitment would be extremely inconvenient, which could help explain why democratic allies tend to be so reliable. These findings shed new light on the consequences of alliances and other international legal commitments, the role of morality in foreign policy, and ongoing debates about domestic audience costs.
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Berridge, G. R. "Ententes and alliances." Review of International Studies 15, no. 3 (July 1989): 251–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0260210500112860.

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In 1976 Robert A. Kann, the well known authority on Habsburg history, wrote a Research Note in World Politics called ‘Alliances versus Ententes’.1 This rescued a distinction which had not been entirely overlooked in the post-war literature of international Relations2 but was certainly in danger of extinction at the hands of a broad, all-purpose concept of ‘alliance’.3 An alliance, Kann claimed, is distinguished by its ‘airtight commitments’; by contrast an entente entails ‘no definite commitments’ and is altogether a looser and more flexible kind of association between states. The entente he alternatively described as a ‘consultation pact’ or ‘flexible agreement’. Kann, however, was not concerned only with conceptual explication. Indeed, his main purpose seems to have been (he was a little vague on this) to advance the argument that although ‘many examples of workable alliances and meaningless ententes can easily be adduced’, the entente is in principle a more efficient device for serving ‘the interests of peace’ than the alliance. This is an argument which can be challenged both on internal as well as historical grounds.
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Mattes, Michaela. "Democratic Reliability, Precommitment of Successor Governments, and the Choice of Alliance Commitment." International Organization 66, no. 1 (January 2012): 153–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020818311000336.

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AbstractGiven frequent leadership turnover and leaders' need to appeal to voters, democracies should face difficulties in maintaining their alliance commitments. Yet the empirical evidence predominantly shows that they do make reliable allies. Democratic governments can increase reliability by binding future administrations through the choice of alliance commitment. While defense pacts precommit future leaders to close military cooperation with an ally, consultation pacts leave more room for discretion. This research note examines when precommitment through a defense pact is likely to occur. A government should be more likely to conclude a defense pact if potential successors have different preferences regarding the alliance, if the government believes that it will lose power soon, and if the costs of precommitment are not too high. I test the theoretical expectations using the Alliance Treaty Obligations and Provisions (ATOP) data between 1945 and 2003. The findings support the argument and suggest an answer to the puzzle of why states sometimes conclude whole-hearted commitments and other times seemingly half-hearted ones.
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Pangarkar, Nitin, and Sairah Hussain. "When more is not better: Simultaneous alliance commitments and alliance performance." Academy of Management Proceedings 2012, no. 1 (July 2012): 10673. http://dx.doi.org/10.5465/ambpp.2012.10673abstract.

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Chiba, Daina, Jesse C. Johnson, and Brett Ashley Leeds. "Careful Commitments: Democratic States and Alliance Design." Journal of Politics 77, no. 4 (October 2015): 968–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/682074.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Commitments to alliance"

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Miller, Gregory D. "The shadow of the past the influence of reputation on alliance choices /." Connect to this title online, 2004. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1095130382.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2004.
Title from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains xiii, 308 p.; also includes graphics. Includes bibliographical references (p. 285-308).
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Rees, Gareth Wyn Edward. "The British Chiefs of Staff Committee, military planning and alliance commitments, 1955-1960." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.240790.

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Akbaba, Turgay. "FROM NEUTRALITY TO ACTIVE ALLIANCE: TURKISH FOREIGN POLICY, 1945-1952." Master's thesis, Temple University Libraries, 2014. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/282183.

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History
M.A.
Basing its foreign policy on the Wilsonian internationalism, the new Turkish Republic established good relations with countries around the world. It signed neutrality and friendship treaties, and pursued a neutral foreign policy. However, at the end of World War II, it abandoned its longtime neutral foreign policy and aimed to establish closer ties with the American-led West. This thesis examines how and why Turkey shifted its foreign policy from neutrality to active alliance. In the first half of the thesis, I closely deal with what role international developments played in that shift. First, I focus on how Josef Stalin's efforts to obtain bases and joint-control with Turkey over the Turkish Straits created a threat to Turkey's national security. Then, I explore how this threat forced Turkey to leave its neutral foreign policy and seek closer ties with the U.S. In the second half of the thesis, I examine how Turkey's search for economic aid and military commitment accelerated and intensified the shift from neutrality to active alliance. First, I focus on how Turkish officials aggressively sought economic assistance from the U.S. and how U.S. officials became resistant to the Turkish requests for additional aid beginning with the second half of 1947. Considering that Turkey was less vulnerable to the Soviet threat, U.S. officials judged that Turkey did not need aid as much as Western Europe did. In order to overcome the resistance, Turkish officials exaggerated the Soviet threat and used the problem of high defense spending. Then, I explore how Turkish officials sought a military commitment from the U.S. A U.S. military commitment could alleviate the problem of high defense spending and facilitate the flow of economic aid from the U.S. Therefore, Turkish officials carried on a diplomatic offensive to secure a military commitment from the U.S. In doing so, they distanced themselves from neutrality and became an institutional ally of the U.S. in 1952.
Temple University--Theses
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Lázár, Péter. "The Mansfield Amendments and the U.S. commitment in Europe, 1966-1975 /." Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2003. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion-image/03Jun%5FLazar.pdf.

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Davis, Peter Rex, and p. davis@curtin edu au. "The Application of Relationship Marketing to Construction." RMIT University. School of Economics, Finance and Marketing, 2006. http://adt.lib.rmit.edu.au/adt/public/adt-VIT20061010.122434.

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Relationship Marketing is relatively unknown in construction, but is widely researched in non project disciplines and applied similarly. Relationship marketing as a sub-component of marketing provides valuable and reliable tools that a manager can use to enhance a service that is being provided to a range of clients. It provides a better solution to client interaction than traditional marketing due to its focus on mutual attainment of common goals. The purpose of relationship marketing is to attract new clients and ensure that existing clients are looked after in a collaborative engagement where objectives are identified and mutual goals set. Overall collective aims of venture participants are identified and achieved. The aim of the research is to identify key relationship factors that should be considered when selecting a construction service. This is achieved through a number of steps that include: examining the principles of marketing and its association with RM; examining alliance principles and construction RM principles, supply chain and service selection issues and relationship development constructs; interviewing a number of construction actors to theorise issues that are important to construction, its connections and relationships. Other activities include interviewing a substantial body of construction actors that have experience of Alliance projects and are able to comment on the relationship development process and observe activities undertaken at a number of alliance development and alliance lessons learned (outcome) workshops. The research identifies methods that enable relationships to be developed and a model that gives buyers the ability to pre-qualify and select contractors that are committed to providing value is provided. The main findings from the research show that RM has many attributes that should be applied to construction; indeed several aspects of RM are currently being applied in alliance projects. The particular form that RM takes in alliance projects is in the relationship development of the stakeholders. These stakeholders eventually become the virtual team who manage the project. In particular the development of trust, commitment and mutual goals in alliance projects form a close parallel with similar constructs in RM. Four themes were discovered to make a difference in relationship development in construction. They were the process of the relationship development workshop; the underlying attributes associated with the development process, in particular trust, trust building, commitment and communication; the outcome for the team; and organisational issues associated with individuals in the relationship development workshops. The particular contribution that the research identifies is in the various models of relationship development that have been constructed throughout the research period. The first, an interim model, identifies a marketing continuum that forms a framework and provides an insight into the ways in which RM may reduce stress and reasons for conflict in a construction project team. At the same time the model shows how increased trust, commitment and satisfaction for the stakeholders, together with value adding potential in the supply chain, may be attained with the use and application of RM principles. The second interim model builds on the first model and applies an organisational focus to the original project based model described earlier. Ongoing relationships based on project success are identified. A third and final interim model identifies the association between process (project) and product success with transactional and relationship marketing. The model identifies how a RM approach provides a long term project success that may be translated to marketing success in a particular industry sector through ongoing relationships. Finally, building on the aforementioned interim models a construction relationship development model is proposed. It is suggested that these models develop and contribute to emerging theory on RM in a project environment and its application to construction. The models also contribute to relationship development theory applied to project driven and temporary organisations. These temporary organisations are particular to the construction industry and they stand to benefit greatly from this research.
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Moore, Eugene R. "Staff organizational commitment as a predictor of staff perceptions of working alliances with delinquent youth." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/280315.

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The relationship between staff organizational commitment and staff perception of working alliances with youth in juvenile justice settings was investigated. Staff of the North American Family Institute (NAFI) were the subjects of this investigation. Meyer and Allen's (1991) model of organizational commitment with dimensions of affective, normative and continuance commitments was used to investigate staff organizational commitment as an independent variable impacting perceptions of working alliances between staff and youth in juvenile institutions. Horvath and Greenberg's (1994) Working Alliance Inventory (WAI) was used to measure staff perceptions of working alliance. A significant positive correlation was found between normative commitment and perceptions of working alliance using Pearson correlation statistics. Affective commitment and continuance commitment did not correlate significantly with staff perceptions of working alliance. Regression of normative, affective, and continuance commitment with the dependent variable of working alliance showed only normative commitment as significantly impacting working alliance. Age, gender and ethnicity were not found to be significantly correlated with staff perceptions of working alliances.
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Hedlund, Helena, and Anna Blume. "Strategic Partnership in the Swedish Marine Industry : - A case study of Ryds." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för marknadsföring (MF), 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-54631.

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Purpose: The purpose of this study is to describe the structure of a relationship between a dealer and its manufacturer in the Swedish marine industry from a strategic partnership perspective.   Design/methodology/approach: The research method is based on a deductive quantitative approach. A descripto-explanatory research design was applied and the research strategy was a combination of a case study and survey. A survey and three additional qualitative interviews have been conducted in order to gather the information.   Findings: The results of this research shows no outstanding factors influencing the strategic partnership between the manufacturer and its dealers in the marine industry. Limited managerial assumption were possible to be drawn for the case company Ryds.   Research Delimitations: The study was conducted in a three month period (March - June) in the spring semester 2016 therefore, the study was narrowed down to only one marine manufacture and its dealers in the Swedish market.   Future recommendations: For future researcher the presented study can be used as the foundation to further investigate the connection between applied theories of the Commitment- Trust Theory and Relational Marketing through the Key Mediating Variables. It will provide the researcher with insights about, which exact areas/items influence the relationship positively or negatively, resulting in the ability to generally state how strategic partnership is managed in the marine industry.
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Lazar, Peter. "The Mansfield Amendments and the U.S. commitment in Europe, 1966-1975." Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/961.

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Approved for public release, distribution is unlimited
This thesis explores international and domestic factors that constitute continuities in U.S. foreign and security policy regarding trans-Atlantic relations. Since the founding of the Atlantic Alliance burden sharing has been one of the major sources of conflict between the United States and its European NATO allies. Despite the reluctance to spend more than minimal amounts on military capabilities in most European NATO countries the issue did not become a major concern in the U.S. Congress between 1951 and 1966. It was only in the late 1960s and early 1970s that proposals - including the Mansfield Resolutions and Amendments - were introduced in the Senate calling for a substantial reduction in the number of U.S. troops in Europe. The debates provoked by these proposals threw light on the various determinants of U.S. policy towards Europe. The contemporary relevance of the issue resides in the fact that most of the elements responsible for the emergence of the Mansfield Amendments are still influential in U.S. foreign and security policy. This circumstance might lead to comparable proposals and debates in the near future.
Civilian, Hungarian Ministry of Defense
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Burke, Glen. "Friends in high places : an analysis of Australia's post-war alliance structures and policy of 'forward defence' which culminated in the commitment to Vietnam /." Title page and contents only, 1993. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09AR/09arb959.pdf.

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Amasi, O. "A critical examination of the impact that the violation of the psychological contract has on employee intention to quit, commitment, loyalty, and employee identification with the organisation : a study of Mutual Alliance Mortgage Bank, Nigeria." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2017. http://livrepository.liverpool.ac.uk/3012303/.

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PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to critically examine the impact the violation of the psychological contract has on employee intention to quit, commitment, loyalty, and employee identification with the bank (Mutual Alliance Mortgage Bank, Nigeria). DESIGN/METHODOLOGY/APPROACH: The research adapted both a collaborative action research methodology developed by Pellerin (2011) and a quantitative methodology utilising questionnaire. These research methods adapted, were a fit for the financial services industry. The researcher investigated Mutual Alliance Mortgage Bank, Nigeria. Two focus groups with seven employees each were set up. The focus groups acted as the Collaborative Professional Development Meetings (CPDM) to capture feedbacks and reflections as well as to develop actionable outcomes. Questionnaires were sent to all seventy employees of the bank to measure employee identification with organisational and organisational loyalty. FINDINGS: The findings indicate that a positive relationship exists between psychological contract violation and loyalty in bank employees and a negative relationship exists between psychological contract violation and identification with the bank in bank employees. Also, interestingly “Promotions” was the most violated item of psychological contracts because employees interpreted and associated “Promotions” with ‘immediate cash (pay) or financial gain. The results also highlighted that a positive relationship exists between intention to quit behaviour and the Nigerian culture in bank employees. The research further illustrates the moderating role of national cultural values (i.e., Nigerian culture – families/communities) on employee views towards an intention to quit behaviours. ACTIONABLE KNOWLEDGE: The Bank implemented new culture-specific policies that tackled economic and socio-emotional breaches; these included the establishment of a loss of breadwinner insurance scheme; giving employee’s foodstuffs at Christmas; Christmas parties for employees and families; birthday gifts to spouses of employees and monthly podcast on the bank's activities. On the issue of promotions (“pay”), the banks’ payroll was redesigned to include different salary scales within each grade level to accommodate pay increases without necessarily promoting employees to the next grade level; and the introduction of bi-monthly appraisals of employees that could result in salary increment for performing staff. RESEARCH LIMITATIONS: This research utilised data solely from Mutual Alliance Mortgage Bank, Nigeria thus its results cannot be generalised to other sectors or countries characterised by different contexts, cultures, and values. However, the approach utilised in this research can be applied in a wide range of situations consequently enabling the examination of its external validity.
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Books on the topic "Commitments to alliance"

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Gulati, Ranjay. Unilateral commitments and the importance of process in alliances. Cambridge, Mass: Alfred P. Sloan School of Management, 1994.

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Kugler, Richard L. Commitment to purpose: How alliance partnership won the cold war. Santa Monica, CA: RAND, 1993.

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A, Jordan Amos, and Hunter Robert Edwards 1940-, eds. Restructuring alliance commitments. Washington, D.C: Center for Strategic and International Studies, 1988.

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Simpson, Erika. Canada's contrasting alliance commitments and the underlying beliefs and assumptions of NATO defenders and critics. 1995.

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Lanoszka, Alexander. Atomic Assurance. Cornell University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9781501729188.001.0001.

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How do alliances curb potential or actual cases of nuclear proliferation, if at all? Many scholars assert that alliances are effective tools for bridling the nuclear ambitions of states and that the United States can especially take credit for suppressing nuclear proliferation among its allies around the world. This book challenges this widely-held view by arguing that alliances can be most useful for preventing potential nuclear proliferation but much less useful for curbing actual nuclear proliferation. Drawing on deep archival research it shows how allied decision-makers often evaluate American security guarantees with reference to in-theater conventional military deployments. It also demonstrates the significant difficulties in mounting alliance coercion in order to extract non-proliferation commitments. The book mainly explores the three cases of supposed alliance non-proliferation success--West Germany, Japan, and South Korea—while examining in lesser detail the case of Great Britain, France, Norway, Australia, and Taiwan.
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Horwitz, Howard. “See Things in New Ways”. Edited by Jay Williams. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199315178.013.32.

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Like many socialists, but unlike someone like Edward Bellamy, London explains the process by which people’s political “method of thinking” changes. London’s “How I Became a Socialist” formulates a model of conversion that most of us might find curious. London treats political commitments and faith as passions with a physiological basis. London pairs “socialism” with terms that designate tribal affiliation. If being a socialist is like being “Teutonic” and “Christian,” then political affiliation is a species of religious faith, and political and religious affiliation operate as tribal affiliation, suggesting a biologistic basis. In London’s analogy, one’s commitment to a set of beliefs is akin to one’s alliance to others of like kind.
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Dieter, Fleck, Newton Michael A, and Grenfell Katarina. Part I General Framework, 3 Multinational Military Operations. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198808404.003.0003.

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This chapter discusses the use of multinational military units. Some European States, such as Germany, have incorporated large, if not most, parts of their national military forces in permanent multinational units. Many other States including the US are forming ad hoc military units for specific operations. The UN, NATO, and other international organizations are pursuing standby arrangements and high readiness commitments to allow for rapid response. In all these situations command and control issues are to be considered. While there are many different forms of multinational military cooperation, and Sending States will avoid regulating these matters in status-of-forces agreements (SOFAs) with the Receiving State, they are nevertheless relevant for the law and practice of Visiting Forces. This chapter draws some conclusions on the concept of multinational military operations for the North Atlantic Alliance, the European Union, and beyond.
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Kugler, Richard. Commitment to Purpose: How Alliance Partnership Won the Cold War. RAND Corporation, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.7249/mr190.

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Como, David R. Rumor Wars. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199541911.003.0012.

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Following military failures in late 1644, long-simmering religious differences burst into public, threatening to sunder parliament’s cause. A formidable presbyterian alliance gathered strength, deploying multiple tactics to pressure parliament to settle the church and crack down on the sects; at the same time, a developing independent coalition adopted equally sophisticated techniques of organization and propaganda to counter this push. This chapter analyzes these practices—including petitioning, lobbying, secret printing, street propaganda, rumormongering, and regular meetings—to reveal a novel environment of energetic partisan politics. These organizational developments were accompanied by ideological shifts, in which presbyterians drew back from earlier militant political commitments, while some independents articulated newly radical political ideas, hinting at social egalitarianism, press freedom, democratization of the polity, or limitations on state power. Moreover, these ideological shifts and religious divisions increasingly dovetailed with disputes over military reorganization, culminating in the creation of the New Model Army.
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Hardy, Duncan. The Functions of Alliances and Leagues. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198827252.003.0007.

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The primary purpose of treaty-based associations, from leagues of mixed composition to knightly societies and urban coalitions, was to regulate relations between their members. In virtually all association treaties this regulatory framework touched on two spheres of activity of fundamental importance to political life: military assistance and judicial or quasi-judicial adjudication. Treaties regulated the first sphere by committing allies and associates to promises such as not harbouring each other’s feud-enemies and helping each other during conflicts. Surviving correspondence and records show that these commitments were taken seriously by Upper German powers, and sometimes led to much larger-scale mobilization of armed forces than would have been possible by any individual prince, nobleman, or city. In the ‘judicial’ sphere, members of associations agreed specific pathways and procedures for resolving disputes between them, and sometimes also between members and external parties, usually through arbitration at Tage within an association or through specified courts.
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Book chapters on the topic "Commitments to alliance"

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Baylis, John. "Alliance Commitments Versus National Independence." In British Defence Policy, 59–71. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-19823-8_6.

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López, Dorotea, Felipe Muñoz, and Angélica Corvalán. "Services Commitments in the Pacific Alliance." In The Pacific Alliance in a World of Preferential Trade Agreements, 137–54. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-78464-9_7.

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Navias, Martin S. "Nuclear Weapons and British Alliance Commitments, 1955–56." In Britain and the First Cold War, 146–61. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-10756-8_9.

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Krause, Volker, and J. David Singer. "Patterns of Alliance Commitments and the Risk of Armed Conflict Involvement, 1816–1984." In Enforcing Cooperation, 81–103. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-13983-5_5.

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van Hooft, Paul. "The US and Extended Deterrence." In NL ARMS, 87–107. The Hague: T.M.C. Asser Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-6265-419-8_6.

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AbstractThe U.S. provides extended nuclear deterrence to allies in Europe, Asia, and elsewhere. The 2018 NPR signals several potentially destabilizing policies, including lowering the threshold for use and adding low-yield capabilities, and it emphasizes the need for nuclear superiority. This chapter argues that the U.S. is changing its nuclear posture to address the growing challenge to U.S. conventional superiority. Extended nuclear deterrence is inherently dubious and the asymmetry between the U.S. on the one hand, and its allies and adversaries on the other, makes it doubly so. In the coming decades, this will continue to generate problems for the U.S. as long as it maintains its alliance commitments.
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Mearsheimer, John J. "The Future of America’s Continental Commitment." In No End to Alliance, 221–42. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-26959-4_11.

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Ishibashi, Natsuyo. "Regional Security Environments and US Security Commitment." In Alliance Security Dilemmas in the Iraq War, 41–83. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-137-12073-1_3.

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Welzel, Peter. "Commitment by Delegation: What Is “Strategic” about Strategic Alliances?" In Market Evolution, 87–100. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-8428-9_6.

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Lafferty, Barbara, Erika Matulich, and Diana Haytko. "Cause-Brand Alliances: Consumers Purchase Cause-Related Products to Feel Good!" In Marketing, Technology and Customer Commitment in the New Economy, 42. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-11779-9_22.

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Hateruma, Shino. "Okinawa’s Search for Autonomy and Tokyo’s Commitment to the Japan-U.S. Alliance." In The Influence of Sub-state Actors on National Security, 85–109. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-01677-7_6.

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Conference papers on the topic "Commitments to alliance"

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Vatansever Toylan, Nilüfer, and Fatih Semerciöz. "Inter-Organizational Relations in Hospitality Industry in the form of Strategic Alliance and a Model Suggestion." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c04.00741.

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In this study, strategic alliances are discussed from the perspective of hospitality industry and inter organizational relation factors that regulate the formation of strategic alliances have been revealed in hospitality industry. In addition, the relations between inter organizational relation factors, knowledge sharing and organizational innovativeness are raised within the scope of the literature and a model is proposed. In this context, with review of literature, relation factors between hospitality businesses that affects knowledge sharing are examined. These factors are specified as inter organizational trust, the intention of learning, shared vision, communication, (partner-specific) absorptive capacity and commitment. Knowledge sharing and innovativeness variables are especially important in terms of competitive advantage in the market for hospitality strategic alliances. Thus, the main problem of the study is to investigate the relationships between all of these variables.
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Jiang, Xiao-rong, Sui-cheng Li, and Shen-jie. "The formation mechanism of business-to-business relationship commitment and its effects on alliance performance in supply chain." In 2009 6th International Conference on Service Systems and Service Management. IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icsssm.2009.5174871.

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Hereth, Mark, Bernd Selig, John Zurcher, Keith Leewis, and Rick Gailing. "Leading Practices for the Prevention of Mechanical Damage." In 2006 International Pipeline Conference. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2006-10432.

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Practices that are used by pipeline operators to prevent mechanical damage are examined in this paper. A set of practices specific to pipeline operations is presented. The practices were initially developed by a group of subject matter experts working under the auspices of the American Petroleum Institute and the Association of Oil Pipelines (API/AOPL) Performance Excellence Team. The practices drew upon the work started within the Common Ground Initiative in the late 1990s and continued by the Common Ground Alliance. The practices presented were reviewed again in preparation of this report. The practices build upon practices defined by Common Ground Alliance (CGA), largely by providing greater specificity and ensuring completeness and follow through in communication and documentation. A subset of these practices became the foundation of the standard, API 1166 Excavation Monitoring and Observation. The paper also provides an overview of historical safety performance for the period 1995 through 2003; with a specific focus on mechanical damage related incidents including the additional detail available in the recent change in Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration (PHMSA, US-DOT) Incident Reporting. This period was selected because it represented the time period where there was a heightened interest in preventing damage to pipelines as described above. The large majority of mechanical damage related incidents result in an immediate impact; a small portion occur at some later point in time. Data for the nine-year period indicate that approximately 90 percent of the incidents result in an immediate impact. This is significant in that it underscores the importance of prevention of damage. The experience of hazardous liquid pipelines has shown a continuing decrease in numbers of annual incidents. The experience of natural gas pipelines has not shown a decreasing trend; in fact, it is relatively flat for the period of study. While the heightened awareness and strong commitment to dedication are known to have had an impact on damage prevention through numerous stories and vast experience shared by a variety of stakeholders, it is prudent to be concerned that the performance may be reaching a “plateau”.
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Dammacco, Gaetano. "LEGAL RESTRICTIONS DUE TO CORONAVIRUS AND RIGHT TO RELIGIOUS FREEDOM." In 6th International Scientific Conference ERAZ - Knowledge Based Sustainable Development. Association of Economists and Managers of the Balkans, Belgrade, Serbia, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31410/eraz.2020.51.

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The current pandemic has created new scenarios and problems regarding religious freedom. To combat the spread of the coronavirus, governments have ordered social distance and total closure of numerous activities including the celebration of sacred rites without consulting religious authorities. Religions have accepted the restrictions with a sense of responsibility, but the sacrifice of religious freedom for the faithful has been great. In addition, the effects of the pandemic together with the negative effects of globalization will continue over time, generating economic and social damage. In addition to prayer, religions have invited the faithful to a social commitment to reduce the critical issues of the crisis and specially to combat poverty. It is therefore necessary to analyze some topics: critical issues relating to the limitation of the right to religious freedom; what problems arise in the relations between powers (civil and religious); what problems arise in relations between state and religions; how the constitutional rights of the faithful and citizens are protected; what are the legal problems internal to the different religions, considering that the judgment on the validity of online rites is different; what is the role of religions in the face of the economic crisis. For the first time since the beginning of the human rights era, there has been a serious conflict between human rights, especially for the greater protection given to the right to health. The right to religious freedom also suffered, but it must be considered that the protection of the right to religious freedom also contributes to the recovery of a „good” economy, which can counteract the negative effects of the pandemic and globalization. We must build a personalist humanism, which the alliance between religions can promote. A humanism that respects the rights and dignity of man, against the logic of profit, and that rewrites the ethical rules of the economy. Looking at the post-pandemic, religions can be the soul of the ethical and moral rules that must guide the „good economy” in society to overcome social and economic differences.
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