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Journal articles on the topic 'Common Agricultural Policy'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 30 July 2024

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1

Střeleček, F., and J. Lososová. "Impact of Common Agricultural Policy on Czech agriculture." Agricultural Economics (Zemědělská ekonomika) 49, No. 11 (March 2, 2012): 497–514. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/5439-agricecon.

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This contribution describes eight variants of the distribution of the direct payments and their impact on the farm economies in the years 2004–2006. For this purpose, selective set of 152 farms was divided in accordance with production regions: maize-growing, beet-growing, potato-growing, potato and oats-growing and uplands1. Possible demands for standard direct payments depending on the farm situation in 2002 and demands for payments set by different variants of the simplified system of direct payment distribution were figured to each of observed farms. To be comparable, individual bonuses were converted per 1 hectare of the farmland and to be considered more objectively, the eventual subsidies in terms of HRDP were calculated to the farms. In conclusion, all mentioned variants were compared from the point of view of their impact on the farm economies in different production and climatic regions.

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2

Larisa-Loredana, Dragolea. "Common Agricultural Policy." Annales Universitatis Apulensis Series Oeconomica 3, no. 8 (July 31, 2006): 179–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.29302/oeconomica.2006.8.3.33.

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3

Ahner, D. "Agriculture and agricultural policy in the European Union." Agricultural Economics (Zemědělská ekonomika) 49, No. 2 (February 29, 2012): 62–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/5266-agricecon.

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The paper deals with the particular stages of development of the EU Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) in the last forty years. The process and impacts of CAP reforms are analyzed for the particular production industries of agriculture. The paper also presents a detailed description of Agenda 2000 and mid-term review of the Common Agricultural Policy in 2002 that brought about many proposals for the future working of CAP after accession of Central and Eastern European countries.

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4

Petr, Blizkovsky, Grega Libor, and Verter Nahanga. "Towards a common agricultural policy in Africa?" Agricultural Economics (Zemědělská ekonomika) 64, No. 7 (July 17, 2018): 301–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/310/2016-agricecon.

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The paper analyses the structure and level of international cooperation among African states in the area of agriculture and rural development. It focuses on the AU and its eight Regional Economic Communities. The international cooperation schemes between the World Bank, EU, FAO and African countries in agricultural policy are reviewed. The paper concludes that, despite numerous cross-border initiatives, governance of agricultural policies in the pan-African context remains fragmented. Policy-making and cooperation schemes need to be stepped up to address continent-wide challenges in the sector. There is an urgent need for the AU and the EU to intensify their cooperation in agricultural policies and development. The AU in collaboration with its regional bodies should establish a common agricultural policy for the continent. Such initiatives need to be Africa-driven and adapted to African needs. The EU should only provide technical know-how and institutional support if welcomed by African partners. Collective action towards rural areas via greater coordination of African agricultural policies and actions would help to develop the missing institutional framework needed for agricultural development in the continent. Fostering economic growth through agricultural development and reforms may also lead to a reduction of migration as witnessed by the EU in the sixties.

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5

Bórawski, Piotr, Aneta Belłdycka-Borawska, and James W. Dunn. "Price volatility of Polish agricultural commodities in the view of the Common Agricultural Policy." Agricultural Economics (Zemědělská ekonomika) 64, No. 5 (May 14, 2018): 216–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/138/2016-agricecon.

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In the paper, the price volatility was examined. The authors used 650 weekly observations from 2003 to 2015. Such a long period of analysis helped to reveal periods with high volatility. The objective of the paper was to recognize price volatility of agricultural commodities in Poland. The authors chose beef, pork and wheat markets to show the differentiation of price volatility. It revealed periods of large and small volatility. The global market situation impacted Polish agricultural markets with the opening markets and a greater access to the new markets. The periods having the strongest impact on Polish agricultural markets were the integration with the EU, the global crisis in 2008, and problems in the EU zone. The prices of analysed agricultural commodities differed in various EU countries. The prices of wheat increased most in France, Hungary and Lithuania. The prices of store cattle increased most in the years 2004–2015 in Estonia, Sweden and Luxemburg. The prices of pigs increased most in Malta, Sweden and Cyprus.

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6

Bečvářová, V. "EU enlargement and the Common Agricultural Policy." Agricultural Economics (Zemědělská ekonomika) 49, No. 10 (March 2, 2012): 447–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/5431-agricecon.

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The incorporation of the Central and Eastern European Countries (CEECs) to the common agrarian market of the European Union is an entrance the saturated market solving problems with surpluses of main agricultural commodities. That is why an increasing of competition among both current member states and the new members has been anticipated. The question related to productivity of factors as well as technology level influence on competitiveness on the occasion of lower prices of agricultural commodities that could bring about shift of trade between agricultural enterprises and food processors in the first stage of processing within commodity chain into some of new member countries (or changes within them) and steer flows of some of agricultural commodities utilised as raw materials. The decisive position of the second stage of agricultural products processing, characterised by highly finalised products, probably will push forward the existing member states, especially the main producers and major exporters of finalised food products in Europe. Their interest in generation and expansion of this kind of market with highly finalised food products on the CEECs food markets would be expected. Moreover, the “demand driven agriculture” implying qualitative criteria such as food safety and precaution, favourable method of production, environmental impact etc., presented by agricultural policies in last decade and for future, is largely influenced by final stages of agri-food commodity chains. Distributors and well-established processors are those who “translate” the consumer’s demand to agricultural producers. Those decide significantly about the dimension, structure and market share of agricultural production in concrete area in essence. This situation has influenced effectiveness of the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) exactly. Based upon the last reforms of the CAP in the EU evaluation, the significant changes of commodity markets regulation tools and a new approach partly related to income stabilisation policy partly to support of technological change and restructuring in wider social and regional aspects of the CAP are demonstrated there.

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7

Vosejpková, V. "Common Agricultural Policy reform - the final compromise." Agricultural Economics (Zemědělská ekonomika) 50, No. 5 (February 24, 2012): 223–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/5193-agricecon.

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8

Üniversitesi AVRUPA TOPLULUĞU ENSTİTÜSÜ, Marmara. "COMMON AGRICULTURAL POLICY (CAP)." Marmara Üniversitesi Avrupa Topluluğu Enstitüsü Avrupa Araştırmaları Dergisi 2, no. 1&2 (2015): 217–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.29228/mjes.365.

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9

Grant, Wyn. "The common agricultural policy." Journal of Rural Studies 14, no. 3 (July 1998): 390–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0743-0167(97)00059-4.

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10

Fennell, Rosemary. "The common agricultural policy." Journal of Rural Studies 14, no. 2 (April 1998): 265–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0743-0167(97)00066-1.

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11

Zinkin, Maurice. "The Common Agricultural Policy." International Relations 9, no. 2 (October 1987): 97–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/004711788700900201.

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12

Tangermann, Stefan. "The common agricultural policy." Food Policy 18, no. 3 (June 1993): 255–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0306-9192(93)90086-q.

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13

Koester, Ulrich, and Malcolm D. Bale. "THE COMMON AGRICULTURAL POLICY." World Bank Research Observer 5, no. 1 (1990): 95–121. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/wbro/5.1.95.

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14

Stankovic, Milica. "The agricultural policy of Serbia and common agricultural policy." Skola biznisa, no. 3 (2012): 65–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/skolbiz1203065s.

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15

Dorel, Gerard, and Ian R. Bowler. "Agriculture Under the Common Agricultural Policy: A Geography." Economic Geography 63, no. 2 (April 1987): 191. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/144157.

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16

Tarrant, J. "Book Review: Agriculture under the Common Agricultural Policy." Progress in Human Geography 10, no. 3 (September 1986): 449–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030913258601000312.

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17

Grigg, David. "Agriculture under the common agricultural policy: a geography." Applied Geography 5, no. 4 (October 1985): 361–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0143-6228(85)90014-1.

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18

Kola, Jukka. "how common is the Common Agricultural Policy." EuroChoices 1, no. 2 (August 2002): 18–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1746-692x.2002.tb00083.x.

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19

Grant, Wyn. "Policy Instruments in the Common Agricultural Policy." West European Politics 33, no. 1 (January 2010): 22–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01402380903354049.

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20

Jean-Vasile, Andrei, and Mircea Untaru. "Through Common Agricultural Policy Reforms." International Journal of Sustainable Economies Management 1, no. 3 (July 2012): 32–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijsem.2012070103.

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Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) is one of the major European policies with the highest financial and social impact not only for rural communities but at the whole EU-27 level. Making this policy work has generated serious imbalances and disruptions between member states. For correcting this situation, all the reforms, starting with The MacSharry reform has aimed to improve this policy, the financial allotments and correct the functional mechanism. This paper makes a short analysis regarding the main CAP reforms since 1992 to 2003, reviling the main changes and improvements of it.

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21

Oskam, A. "Understanding the Common Agricultural Policy." European Review of Agricultural Economics 39, no. 4 (August 2, 2012): 735–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/erae/jbs019.

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22

Forum Inicjatyw Rozwojowych. "Common Agricultural Policy After 2013." Wieś i Rolnictwo, no. 2 (147) (June 20, 2010): 9–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.53098/wir.2010.2.147/00.

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Niniejszy tekst został przygotowany przez Zespół Ekspertów uczestniczących w pracach Forum Inicjatyw Rozwojowych Programu Fundacji Europejski Fundusz Rozwoju Wsi Polskiej (pod kierownictwem Marka Zagórskiego, członka Zarządu Fundacji) i zawiera propozycje zmian wspólnej polityki rolnej UE po 2013 roku. Opracowanie to jest wstępem do dyskusji, którą chcielibyśmy przedstawić w następnych kwartałach, tj. III i IV bieżącego roku.

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23

Zegar, Józef. "Common Agricultural Policy After 2013." Wieś i Rolnictwo, no. 3 (148) (September 20, 2010): 11–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.53098/wir.2010.3.148/01.

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24

Tarditi, Secondo. "THE COMMON AGRICULTURAL POLICY: THE IMPLICATIONS FOR ITALIAN AGRICULTURE." Journal of Agricultural Economics 38, no. 3 (September 1987): 407–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1477-9552.1987.tb01060.x.

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25

Yanakieva, I. "The agricultural land problems in Bulgaria and implementation of the Common Agricultural Policy." Agricultural Economics (Zemědělská ekonomika) 53, No. 4 (January 7, 2008): 189–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/870-agricecon.

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The paper deals with agricultural land problems in Bulgaria that will impede the implementation of the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) and the assimilation of financial resources from the EU Structural Funds. Some of the major problems are: the unfinished process of identification of land ownership and division of ownership on the restituted land between heirs, the lack of land property documents for others owners, the lack of experience in subsidizing agriculture, the lack of an adequate administrative capacity for implementation of the CAP and the post-implementation control, delay in creation of the Integrated System for Administrative Control, etc.

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26

Stanković, Milica, Tiana Anđelković, Gordana Mrdak, Suzana Stojković, and Vladimir Kostić. "FINANCING THE AGRICULTURAL POLICY IN SERBIA AND HARMONIZATION WITH THE COMMON AGRICULTURAL POLICY OF THE EUROPEAN UNION." KNOWLEDGE - International Journal 60, no. 1 (September 30, 2023): 137–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.35120/kij6001137s.

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Agriculture is one of the most important economic branches. Previously, the aim of the agricultural policy was to provide sufficient food for all inhabitants. However, today, thanks to the application of innovations in agriculture, there is enough food for everyone, but it is not properly distributed in all parts of the world. Many people still do not have the basic conditions for a healthy life. The goal of modern agricultural policy is to provide high-quality, health-safe food to everyone in the world, and to reduce food waste while preserving biodiversity and protecting the environment. The importance of agriculture as an economic branch in Serbia is extremely large, considering the geopolitical position of Serbia, favorable climatic conditions, and quality arable land. Serbia is still not a member of the European Union, and to become one, it is necessary to harmonize all laws and regulations. The largest part of the work is precisely around agricultural policy, given that more than a third of all laws and regulations are related to the Common Agricultural Policy [CAP]. Serbian agriculture, as well as other economic branches, have not yet reached the standards defined by the European Union. Therefore, it is very important that the Serbian regulations are harmonized with the European Union regulations, because only in this way there can be faster development of agriculture and other economic branches. The topic of this paper will be the financing of the agricultural policy in Serbia in relation to the financing of the agricultural policy of the countries of the European Union. There will be more talk about how and from which sources Serbian agriculture is financed, but also about the help that the European Union provides to Serbia and other countries that are candidates for membership in the European Union. Given that the financing of the European Union's agricultural policy is based on two pillars - direct payments and market interventions and financing of rural development, this paper will show to what extent the financing of Serbian agriculture is in line with the financing of agriculture in the European Union. It will be pointed out how funds in the agricultural budget are allocated to measures related to market interventions, but also to rural development measures. As the imperatives of modern agricultural policy are the preservation of biodiversity, environmental protection, better living standards of the agricultural population, development of infrastructure in rural areas, the conclusion is that more attention is paid to the second pillar of the agricultural policy of the European Union, which is the financing of rural development. However, even in the European Union, more than 50% of the agricultural budget is directed to the financing of the first pillar, market interventions. In Serbia, this trend is even more pronounced, so more attention should be paid to the financing of rural development.

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27

Garrone, Maria, Dorien Emmers, Alessandro Olper, and Johan Swinnen. "Jobs and agricultural policy: Impact of the common agricultural policy on EU agricultural employment." Food Policy 87 (August 2019): 101744. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodpol.2019.101744.

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28

Roederer-Rynning, Christilla, and Alan Matthews. "What Common Agricultural Policy after Brexit?" Politics and Governance 7, no. 3 (September 16, 2019): 40–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.17645/pag.v7i3.2117.

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Suppose we were in 2028: what would the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) look like then? Would it be significantly different from the policy we know today? How, and why? And to what extent would Brexit have catalyzed these changes? The CAP is one of the founding policies of the EU and a strategic lever to address critical 21st century challenges such as climate change and the rising demand for food at the global level. It also has an important role in Europe to address the growing urban-rural divide and its potentially destabilizing impact on European politics. In this article, we examine the impact of Brexit from a political-economic perspective emphasizing the multi-level context within which the CAP is embedded. As an EU member state, the UK found a way to partly accommodate the CAP to its needs even though this policy was a source of intense UK dissatisfaction with the EU. Post-Brexit, the budgetary and market implications of the UK’s departure may favour positions that support a return to a more traditional policy of farm income support. On the other hand, more radical farm policies in England and Wales could partly offset these effects by setting the agenda for continued CAP reform, if they are seen to be successful.

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29

Riesenfeld, Stefan A., and Francis G. Snyder. "Law of the Common Agricultural Policy." American Journal of Comparative Law 35, no. 4 (1987): 838. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/840137.

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30

PROVAN, JAMES. "Views on the Common Agricultural Policy." International Journal of Dairy Technology 39, no. 1 (January 1986): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-0307.1986.tb02347.x.

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31

Navarro, Alberto, and José Vicente López-Bao. "Towards a greener Common Agricultural Policy." Nature Ecology & Evolution 2, no. 12 (November 12, 2018): 1830–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41559-018-0724-y.

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32

Fischler, Franz. "Reform of the Common Agricultural Policy." Intereconomics 36, no. 3 (May 2001): 115–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02973778.

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33

Bureau, Jean-Christophe, Stefan Tangermann, Alan Matthews, Davide Viaggi, Christophe Crombez, Louise Knops, and Johan Swinnen. "The Common Agricultural Policy after 2013." Intereconomics 47, no. 6 (November 2012): 316–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10272-012-0435-6.

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34

Ulbricht, Tilo. "Perspectives for the common agricultural policy." Food Policy 11, no. 3 (August 1986): 266. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0306-9192(86)90013-8.

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35

Kruszyński, Michał, Grzegorz Czapski, and Mateusz Janczuk. "COMMON AGRICULTURAL POLICY AND ENVIRONMENTAL ACTIONS." sj-economics scientific journal 35, no. 4 (December 30, 2019): 12–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.58246/sjeconomics.v35i4.13.

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The concentration of plant and animal production as well as the increase in agricultural chemisation lead to degradation of the natural environment of rural areas. The deteriorating condition of the environment requires the introduction of corrective mechanisms. As part of the Common Agricultural Policy, the role of pro-environmental projects is played by agri-environmental programs, which in the current financial perspective are referred to as agri-environment-climate measures. They constitute an obligatory mechanism for supporting pro-environmental activities, which must be developed by each Member State of the European Union, but it is the agricultural producers themselves who decide whether I will participate in it.

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36

Walford, Nigel. "Information on the common agricultural policy." Journal of Rural Studies 11, no. 2 (April 1995): 234–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0743-0167(95)90065-9.

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37

Vapa Tankosić, Jelena. "Agri-environmental Climate Measures in the Serbian Agricultural Policy in Relation to the Common Agricultural Policy." Journal of Agronomy, Technology and Engineering Management (JATEM) 6, no. 6 (November 10, 2023): 958–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.55817/hbnt7451.

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The agriculture and food production sectors are of great importance for the economy of every country, especially for the member states of the European Union (EU). The European Union started implementing the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) in 1962. In order to solve the problems and adapt the agricultural policy to the needs of each member country, in the course of years, there have been numerous Common Agricultural Policy reforms. The new EU's agricultural policy emphasizes the multi functionality of agriculture and integrates the environmental component in the form of the environmental management that encourages the sustainable "green agriculture" and the implementation of environmental measures. On the other hand, the process of integration to the EU require from potential member states to pursue the necessary political, institutional, legal, administrative, social and economic reforms required to comply with EU values, progressively aligning with EU rules, standards, policies and practices. For the Republic of Serbia, this issue is extremely important as it should gradually harmonize its agricultural and rural policy with the CAP, in the viewpoint of a potential EU member state. IPARD, pre-accession EU assistance for rural development, focuses specifically on rural areas and agro food sectors of countries in the process of joining the European Union (EU). The new IPARD III programmes for the 2021-27 period further promotes a gradual alignment with the rules of the EU’s common agricultural policy. However, the adoption and implementation of the Republic of Serbia acquis with the EU in the field of agricultural and rural policy will require significant financial and technical investments in the future.

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38

Kola, Jukka. "Reforms of the Common Agricultural Policy and agriculture in Finland." Agricultural and Food Science 7, no. 2 (January 1, 1998): 181–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.23986/afsci.72858.

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This article examines some possible paths and inherent political economy of the future reforms of the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) and their implications for the Finnish agriculture. Scenario approach is qualitatively applied in respect of two policy scenarios, the Agenda 2000 reform proposals and the renationalisation of the CAP. In addition, the proposed European model of agriculture is briefly compared with the farm sector in the United States. Agenda 2000 is regarded as a threat scenario and the renationalisation of the CAP as a target scenario from the point of view of the Finnish agriculture in the European Union.

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39

Davies, Alan Simon. "Insolvency in agriculture: bad managers or the Common Agricultural Policy?" Applied Economics 28, no. 2 (February 1, 1996): 185–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/000368496328812.

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40

Swain, Nigel. "Agriculture ‘East of the Elbe’ and the Common Agricultural Policy." Sociologia Ruralis 53, no. 3 (July 2013): 369–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/soru.12016.

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41

Petrick, Martin, and Patrick Zier. "Common Agricultural Policy effects on dynamic labour use in agriculture." Food Policy 37, no. 6 (December 2012): 671–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodpol.2012.07.004.

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42

Bowers, J. "Sustainability, Agriculture, and Agricultural Policy." Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space 27, no. 8 (August 1995): 1231–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/a271231.

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In this paper, the problem of achieving sustainable development in the context of the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) and other policy suggestions is examined. Sustainable development is defined as a commitment to conserve necessary biological, cultural, and aesthetic capital for future generations. This is not a costless process. Constraints are required on current economic activity, entailing sacrifices by the current generation, if sustainability requirements are to be met. Specific wildlife sites within the farmed landscape are critical to the sustainability programme. Conservation of these sites entails the continuation of specific and often technically obsolete farming practices. Their conservation cannot be ensured by the practice of efficient sustainable agriculture as advocated by the authors Pretty and Howes. Furthermore, those authors are wrong in believing that such agriculture could be profitable without continuing subsidy. The approach of the CAP is to make payments for the practices necessary to safeguard these sites. However, the economic sustainability of the CAP is doubtful. Its costs are excessive and reforms are not reducing the excessive financial burden and resource costs. Alternative reform packages involving conservation through cross-compliance have even greater resource costs. The ability to safeguard these critical sites in the long run is therefore questionable. This suggests there is a need to rethink sustainability requirements for cultural and biological diversity.

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43

Fehér, Andrea, and Miroslav Raicov. "Implementation of Common Agricultural Policy provisions on direct payments." Review on Agriculture and Rural Development 5, no. 1-2 (January 1, 2016): 92–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.14232/rard.2016.1-2.92-103.

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The concept of "common policy" faithfully reflects one of the defining features of the Common Agricultural Policy. Currently, CAP is built around two pillars: Pillar I- Agriculture and Pillar II- Rural Development. The main way to support agriculture is represented by direct payments. The Regulation (EU) 1307/2013 establishing rules for direct payments to farmers during the programming period 2014-2020 provides uniform payment schemes applicable in all Member States. Some of these schemes are compulsory (such as basic payment scheme or single payment area; payment scheme for farmers using agricultural practices beneficial for the climate and environment), others are optional, leaving it to countries if they want to apply these schemes or not. The proposals for payment schemes applicable in Romania during the period 2015-2020 are: Single Area Payment Scheme (SAPS); Payments for Agricultural Practices Beneficial for the Climate and the Environment; Redistributive Payment; Payments for Young Farmers; Transitional National Aids and Simplified Scheme for Small Farmers.

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44

Drenková, L., P. Schwarcz, and A. Bandlerová. "Utilisation of the direct EU payments in Slovak agriculture after the 2003 Common Agricultural Policy reform." Agricultural Economics (Zemědělská ekonomika) 55, No. 8 (August 23, 2009): 400–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/2629-agricecon.

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The paper analyses and compares the EU direct payments in the conditions of the Slovak Republic during the monitored period 2004–2006. The 2003 reform of the Common Agricultural Policy (hereafter CAP) introduces a considerable simplification of the EU producers’ support and a general improvement of the market orientation of agriculture. The Slovak Republic has temporarily adopted the system of the Single Area Payment Scheme (SAPS) which is used in the old member states. The Slovak Republic can use this system until the end of the year 2010. The amount of the direct payments in 2004 was 53.1% of the EU average. The prediction for 2007 was 70% of the EU average, provided that the state co-finances 30%.

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45

Vojtěch, V. "Effect of the domestic sectoral policies harmonisation in CECs with the EU Common Agricultural Policy." Agricultural Economics (Zemědělská ekonomika) 49, No. 3 (February 29, 2012): 113–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/5274-agricecon.

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This paper discusses the potential effects of the EU Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) on the various branches of the agricultural sector in the four OECD member Central European Countries (CECs), i.e. the Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland and the Slovak Republic. The estimation of the effect of the domestic sectoral policies harmonisation with the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) and its impact on the farming sector, consumers of agricultural commodities and taxpayers, is based on the data from the OECD quantitative analysis of support to agriculture.

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46

Golovina, Svetlana Georgievna, Ivan Nikolaevich Mikolaychik, and Lidia Nikolaevna Smirnova. "Common agricultural policy: experience of recent reform." Mezhdunarodnaja jekonomika (The World Economics), no. 8 (August 10, 2021): 605–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/vne-04-2108-03.

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The use of positive international practice in state support for the agriculture and rural areas is becoming an increasingly urgent task for domestic politicians, and a thorough study of international experience is an important mission of modern science. The experience of European countries, the implementation of the Common Agricultural Policy of which is famous by both a long history and constant evolution to changing external conditions, is useful from the point of view of the possibilities of incorporation into domestic practice. The article examines a specific period (2014–2020) in the development of the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP), characterized, firstly, by introduction of new mechanisms and principles, secondly, by active implementation simultaneously with the first component of the policy (First Pillar ) of its second component (Second Pillar), which is aimed at harmonious rural development, means an attempt to link the European (common) context with local characteristics and priorities in the development of rural areas. Important theoretical and practical conclusions proposed for discussion by the scientific community and politicians were obtained in the study as a result of a thorough analysis of Eurostat data, the annual reports of the European Commission, the European Parliament, accompanying the implementation of CAP funds (EAFR, EAGF). The scientific hypotheses formulated and verified in the course of the research can be reduced to the following conclusions: 1) the directions and instruments of state agrarian policy require constant updating following the fluctuations of the agrarian sphere surrounding environment; 2) the priorities of agrarian policy (European, domestic) are naturally and gradually shifted towards the support of rural areas, within the boundaries of which agricultural production is carried out and the life of the rural population takes place; 3) global challenges and threats (climate change, environmental degradation, the spread of viral infections, etc.) inevitably make significant adjustments to the economic, social, political life of society, which, of course, affects the organization of any state (region) agrarian policy.

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47

Griffiths, Richard T. "Agricultural pressure groups and the origins of the Common Agricultural Policy." European Review 3, no. 3 (July 1995): 233–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1062798700001538.

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Against the background of over a hundred years, during which national farming lobbies became ever more resilient, this article examines the processes leading to the creation of the European Union's common agricultural policy. It demonstrates how, in the aftermath of the Second World War, the agricultural issue acquired an international dimension. It argues further, that this coincided with an increasing penetration of governments by the farming lobby. Finally, it describes the protectionist factors that determined the form of the Rome Treaty's articles on agriculture and the forces that ensured their implementation.

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Kiryluk-Dryjska, Ewa, and Agnieszka Baer-Nawrocka. "Regional Differences in Benefits from the EU Common Agricultural Policy in Poland and Their Policy Implications." Agriculture 11, no. 4 (March 27, 2021): 288. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture11040288.

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Although the beneficial impact of Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) on the stabilization on farming income is undisputable, the distribution of benefits derived from the CAP between operators and regions gives rise to some controversy. The objective of this paper was to estimate regional differences in the benefits derived from the Common Agricultural Policy in Poland based on the partial equilibrium model of the European Union (EU) agricultural sector with simulated interventions. The expectations of farmers from different regions of Poland were represented as a non-cooperative game to define vectors of change in the agricultural policy. The theory of moves was applied to set the game between different groups of farmers. Our results demonstrate that both the 1st and the 2nd pillars of the CAP were more profitable to farmers from regions with a more advantageous agrarian structure and a higher agricultural potential compared to their peers from the regions with a fragmented agriculture. However, considering long-term development objectives of the Polish agriculture, the theory of moves outcome argues against compensating for these differences by increasing redistributive payments to farmers in less favorable regions. To prevent widening of regional differences and ensure the social and economic development of rural areas in regions with less favorable agrarian structures where agriculture is currently unable to compete, it would be critical to enhance conditions for alternative types of economic activities.

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Dos Santos, M. J. P. L., P. D. S. Henriques, R. M. S. Fragoso, and M. L. P. V. Da Silva Carvalho. "Attitudes of the Portuguese farmers to the EU Common Agricultural Policy." Agricultural Economics (Zemědělská ekonomika) 56, No. 10 (November 8, 2010): 460–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/123/2009-agricecon.

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The main purpose of this paper aims to know the farmer's attitudes towards the agricultural production, the political support, and the irrigation project of Alqueva in the context of the 2003 Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) Reform, the Health-Check, in a micro-region located near the Mediterranean Sea. For this purpose, we use the Theory of Planned Behaviour. The main results suggest that the majority of farmers are a relatively homogeneous cluster about their attitudes but not in their behavioural intentions. These farmers still maintain a productivist mindset, wish to maintain an agricultural focus and strongly reject the notions of policy liberalisation. The main conclusions suggest that although the farmers have a great potential of innovating the future CAP policies, the water supply irrigation price and the conditions of access to agricultural credit, may compromise their innovation capacity in the future, in particular on the smaller farms.

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Bongaerts, Jan C. "Agenda 2000 and the Common Agricultural Policy." European Energy and Environmental Law Review 9, Issue 8/9 (August 1, 2000): 243–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/323086.

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