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Karlén, Anna. "The right to seek asylum and the common European asylum system." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Juridiska institutionen, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-127650.
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Hattrell, Felicity Ruth. "Redefining the Limits of Refugee Protection? -- The Securitised Asylum Policies of the 'Common European Asylum System'." Thesis, University of Canterbury. National Centre for Research on Europe, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/5311.
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This thesis employs discourse analysis to examine the human rights contradictions contained in the Common European Asylum System (CEAS). It follows the development of the CEAS since its inception in 1999. However, the principal emphasis of the thesis falls on the scope for realising a rights-based asylum regime in the post-Lisbon context.
The research takes the form of policy analysis, and is grounded in a human rights framework of inquiry. This human rights perspective is used to examine the normative and legal inconsistencies inherent to the EU’s securitised approach to asylum, and to put forward suggestions for an approach to asylum in the EU, which engenders a rights-based approach to protection. The analysis of contemporary EU asylum policy and practice demonstrates the extent to which securitisation is present in EU asylum policymaking. It shows that, until the security paradigm in this policy area is supplanted, the realisation of a rights-based asylum system in the EU will not be possible. It also addresses the further challenges to the realisation of the EU as a ‘single asylum space,’ which stem from the limitations in the current instruments of the acquis, most notably the absence of burden-sharing mechanisms to ensure that the EU’s humanitarian obligations are shared equally amongst Member States. The recent ratification of the Treaty of Lisbon holds significant potential for the development of a rights-based asylum regime in the EU. However, it remains in question whether Member States have the political will necessary to accomplish this.
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Pavel, Andreea-Denis. "The securitization of the Common European Asylum System. Case study: Iraqi refugees." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Teologiska institutionen, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-299212.
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Tsourdi, Evangelia. "Administrative Governance in the EU Asylum Policy: The Limits of the European Administration in Establishing a Common Asylum System." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/239919.
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The main aim of this research is to holistically analyse the content and critically assess the development of EU’s ‘Common European Asylum System’ (CEAS). It is pursued in three consecutive steps. The research first offers a deeper understanding of the CEAS, a notion that despite its centrality to EU’s asylum policy lacks a precise definition. This gap forms the natural starting point of this study. The study advances its own substantial understanding, which includes the modes of implementation of the policy. Hence, it retraces the main modes of implementation in the initial policy design. As a second step, the research focuses on a principle that should be central to the design and implementation of this policy, the principle of solidarity and fair sharing of responsibility. It argues that this principle unsettles the initial administration paradigms. The third step is to analyse an element that has not been explored so far by legal literature, namely the administrative governance of CEAS, as it pertains to its implementation. On this basis it examines the institutionalisation of practical co-operation, people-sharing arrangements and EU funding. It is a study of the European administration in action in the area of asylum. I critically assess the adaptations made to the policy design since its inception, including those catapulted by the so-called refugee crisis. On this basis, the research proposes potential avenues for the future development of the asylum policy.Doctorat en Sciences juridiques
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Petersen, Nikiforos. "The Common European Asylum System : Challenges and Opportunities in Greece. A Case Study." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Statsvetenskap, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-156344.
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This thesis aims to investigate decision-making and policy implementation in the European Union, specifically regarding the Common European Asylum System (CEAS) and to compare how the political intention corresponds to the reality of its implementation, using the example of Greece. Europe’s ability to handle migration and refugee flows has been severely tested in recent years due to the large number of people fleeing wars in Central Asia and the Middle East. The CEAS constitutes a fairly modern endeavor compared to other regional programs concerned with refugee protection but it has not yet made a significant improvement in how refugees are treated. At the same time, Greece has been in an acute socio-economic crisis since at least 2010. European integration has traditionally been subject to theoretical analysis through Moravcsiik’s Liberal Intergovernmentalism and various forms of formalism. This thesis has tried to apply Historical Institutionalism to explain certain facets of the CEAS and the recent and on-going ‘refugee’ crisis. In combination with other theories, Institutionalism can contribute to an understanding of recent forces towards further integration and divergence in the European Union.
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Margheriti, Flavia <1988>. "The evolution towards a common Eu Asylum system." Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/12384.
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The attempt of this paper is to analyze the balance between the development of the European
harmonization in the field of asylum and the historical development of the right of the asylum
seekers arriving in Europe. This topic is driven on one hand showing the difficulties for
European Member States in moving towards a real common European asylum system and on the
other hand analyzing the difficulties that asylum seekers face in being recognized their request
of international protection in a European system which is not yet effectively harmonized.
In order to develop this subject, the paper starts from the beginning of the history of the asylum
seekers as migrants. It is then explained the process through which an asylum seeker obtains the
refugee status and the possible obstacles to the recognition to this human right, which according
to the European Union law and the charter of fundamental rights should be never denied.
Concerning European Member Sates it was tried to be explained the historical and chronological
process that European Union had to face to create the common European asylum system on the
base of the refugee rights declared, approved and provided by the 1951 Geneva Convention.
The historical excursus through the treaties is an attempt to show how long was the process for
finding a compromise in the field of Asylum until the current common Dublin III regulation also known under the name of EC regulation N° 604/2013 .
The further section provides also an analysis of the way of the application of the regulation showing itself as a rudimentary step towards a process of harmonization not yet developed
among Member States. The theoretical approach will be supported by some cases studies of asylum seekers’ requests in order to show also the direct application of one of the most complicated and muddled procedure in the fields of cooperation among States which has been signed in order to guarantee human rights and free circulation of people within Europe.
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Richt, Victoria. "A Study on the Implementation and Effect of the Common European Asylum System in the European Union." Thesis, Malmö högskola, Institutionen för globala politiska studier (GPS), 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-22516.
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Denna uppsats ämnar att undersöka arbetet med den gemensamma asyl policyn inom EU.Beslutet för policyn togs 1999 vid EU mötet i Finska Tammerfors och började med en plan på fem år.Jag vill i denna studie se vad som har hänt sedan 1999 och effekten av detta på personer som söker asyl inom EU:s gränser. Detta är ett interdisciplinärt arbete genom att jag ser på faktorer som de legala utvecklingarna genom vilka lagar som presenterats och implementerats samt ett frågeformulär som jag sänt till personer som jobbar för organisationer i samarbete med the European Council for Refugees and Exiles för att få deras syn på utvecklingen. Jag presenterar även statistik och diagram från the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees för att illustrera mönster i utvecklingen av migrationsmönster. Utgångspunkten för harmoniseringen är att alla Medlems Stater ska behandla ansökningar om asyl på ett likvärdigt sätt, men under nuvarande omständigheter verkar det som att det finns stora skillnader i antalet ansökningar, antalet erkända flyktingar och vilken status som godkänns inom EU:s medlemsländer.Dublin regulationen uppfattas som ett orättvist verktyg mot asylsökanden eftersom staterna har olikheter i erkännandet och olika status för flyktingar. EU:s medlemsländer har en ganska lång väg kvar i harmoniseringsarbetet innan de kan hävda att de har likvärdig hantering av asylsökanden.The aim of this study is to investigate the development of the Common European Asylum System which was called for at the Tampere European Council in 1999. The intention was to harmonize the legal standards of asylum seekers and refugees and coordinating the policies Thus, with this study I want to give an account as to what has happened so far and what effect this might have had on asylum seekers in the Member States of the European Union.This is done through an interdisciplinary approach by looking at the developments in the legal section as to what laws have been passed and implemented so far but also with a questionnaire sent to organizations working in connection to European Council for Refugees and Exiles aiming to understand their perception of the harmonization process. Further, I present statistics and diagrams taken from statistic publications of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees in order to illustrate patterns in the history of migration as to trends and patterns.The main idea of the harmonization process is that all Member States should treat asylum applications in a similar way. However at present there still seems to be major differences in the numbers of applications, the recognition rates and what status granted between the Member States of the European Union. The Dublin Regulation is perceived as an unjust tool against the asylum seekers since states have differences in the recognition and statuses. The Member States of the European Union still have a very long way to go in this harmonization process to claim equal treatment of asylum seekers.
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Wollmer, Anna. "International refugee law and the common European asylum system : Conformity or human rights violation?" Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Juridiska institutionen, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-233208.
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Flood, Hanna. "Access to an asylum process." Thesis, Malmö högskola, Fakulteten för kultur och samhälle (KS), 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-22401.
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This study examines the asylum process in Europe from the perspective of unaccompanied refugee children affected by the Dublin Regulation. The aim is to explore whether these children get access to a legally certain asylum process in the Common European Asylum System by comparing the experiences of the children with legal documents, directives and guidelines on how the procedure should be implemented. The study has been conducted as a multiple case study where information has been collected from previous research, published stories and reports, news articles, legal documents and an interview with a representative from a local network supporting asylum seekers living in clandestinity. The study uses the theory of Hannah Arendt regarding the right to have rights, examining whether the children’s experiences of the asylum process in Europe compared to legal documents show signs of them being excluded from a legally certain process and what that may mean for their human rights to be implemented and protected. International human rights law states that children, and especially unaccompanied refugee children shall always receive special protection due to their vulnerable status and the European Union should guarantee a legally certain asylum procedure for all refugees in all member states. This study illuminates difficulties for unaccompanied refugee children affected by the Dublin Regulation to get access to a legally certain asylum process in Europe and in accordance with the theory of Arendt their functional statelessness tend to exclude them from getting human rights, advocated as universal, fulfilled.
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Myrberg, Albin. "Sharing Responsibility or Protecting Borders? : A Qualitative Analysis of the Development of the Common European Asylum System." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Statsvetenskapliga institutionen, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-376576.
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Building on three theories of European integration – liberal intergovernmentalism, neofunctionalism and postfunctionalism – I offer an explanation to the process and outcomes of the development of the Common European Asylum System (CEAS) between 2008 and 2018. The process to establish the CEAS has been characterized by clashing actor preferences, which forced actors into negotiations. This thesis aims to analyze the dynamics of these negotiations surrounding the CEAS. My results show that liberal intergovernmentalism explains locked positions in interstate bargaining and highly compromised outcomes, and even non-decisions, of the CEAS. I also argue that neofunctionalism loses explanatory power when sensitive issues concerning automatic quota systems and national sovereignty are discussed, although many arguments by the involved actors in the policy process draw upon neofunctional assumptions. Postfunctionalism is argued to gain explanatory power during recent years, since identityrelated arguments and Eurosceptical and anti-immigrant ideas in European governments have increased.
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Le, Bellec Amandine Rosette Simone Kylie. "The European Union and the politicization of gender and sexuality in the reforms of the Common European Asylum System (1999-2020)." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Trento, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/11572/353147.
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The history of the Common European Asylum System (CEAS) is often considered to be tightly intertwined to that of European security, and late developments in European cooperation indeed seem to demonstrate that asylum has become first and foremost a matter of security in Europe. Yet, this tightening of policies contrasts with the flourishing of proposals claiming to mainstream equality throughout European legislation. This dissertation examines the way a politicized issue in the field of equality—LGBTI rights—has become incorporated into a cooperation mechanism that is itself divisive among Member States, the CEAS. It answers the following question: what does the European LGBTI asylum debate demonstrate about the role played by politicization in shaping the meaning and form taken by equality in European policies? Through a qualitative inquiry, it shows that while the CEAS has been a key space of renegotiation of LGBTI equality in Europe, this deepening came at the cost of the disarticulation of LGBTI emancipation from migrants’ rights. Contrarily to what has been assumed by the literature on homonationalism, this disarticulation was not strategically constructed by LGBTI activists. It rather originated from the predominance of the paradigm of “migration governance”, which depoliticizes exclusions and divides causes to better manage populations. Consequently, even though politicization is often perceived as a negative phenomenon by policymakers, this dissertation shows that what is needed to make the CEAS hold its promises of protection is not less, but more political debate. Only through this re-politicization will new and collective forms of equality emerge.Le Régime d’Asile Européen Commun (RAEC) est souvent critiqué pour la vision sécuritaire de l’asile qu’il incarne. Il est vrai que son histoire reste marquée par la volonté des Etats-Membres de contrôler la mobilité humaine sur le sol européen. Toutefois, bien que les récents durcissements des politiques communautaires semblent confirmer cette sécuritisation du droit d’asile, ceux-ci contrastent avec l’affirmation croissante de la nécessité de « mainstreamer » le principe d’égalité au sein du droit européen. Prenant cette contradiction pour point de départ, cette thèse examine la manière dont un enjeu controversé au sein du champ de l’égalité – les droits LGBTI – fut incorporé au sein d’un mécanisme de coopération lui-même conflictuel pour les Etats-Membres, le RAEC. Elle répond à la question suivante : en quoi le débat européen sur l’asile LGBTI interroge-t-il le rôle joué par la politisation dans la redéfinition des politiques d’égalité en Europe ? A partir d’une enquête qualitative, cette thèse montre que si le RAEC fut un espace-clé de l’approfondissement de l’égalité LGBTI en Europe, ce fut au prix de la construction des droits LGBTI et des droits des migrants comme deux enjeux distincts. Cette division, toutefois, prend sa source non pas dans une instrumentalisation homonationaliste, mais plutôt dans les dispositifs dépolitisants de gouvernance et de triage des populations qui prédominent désormais au sein des politiques européennes, dépolitisant les exclusions et fragmentant les causes. Face à cette logique individualisante, seule la repolitisation du débat permettra d’inventer de nouvelles formes de politiques d’égalité porteuses d’émancipation collective.
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Lindberg, Anna. "Skydd på vilken grund? En komparativ fallstudie av den svenska utlänningslagen." Thesis, Malmö högskola, Fakulteten för hälsa och samhälle (HS), 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-24563.
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This paper studies the Swedish Alien’s Act regulations regarding individuals in need of international protection. The purpose of the essay is to examine the differences between the three grounds of protection that are found in the Swedish Alien’s Act. Central questions have been whether the origins of protection statuses granted in this act are national or international, as the UN convention relating to the status of refugees and also the progress of the European Union’s Common European Asylum System both are affecting the Swedish legislation. The international relation’s theoretical perspectives of realism and liberalism have been applied in the analysis of what ideas and international political backgrounds have been found. The resulting conclusion is that only one category out of three is purely a result of the Swedish legislation. The common European asylum system affects and controls a large part of what is called Swedish asylum policy. It is concluded that liberal political-philosophical ideas of human rights are dominating the ideological background, and that liberal ideas of freedom from economical hindrances and also institutionalism has formed the system we have today. An interesting paradox is seen in the European Union’s growing concern of security and external borders, which is more typical in a realist, state-centered perspective.
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Beijer, Brondén Frida, and Anders Schill. "Talking Solidarity and the Burden of Saving Lives : A Qualitative Case Study on the Common European Asylum System." Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Akademin för lärande, humaniora och samhälle, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-29623.
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This thesis examines the difficulties encountered in the process of establishing the CommonEuropean Asylum System, taken from a discursive perspective. The focus of the study isthreefold; why are specific issues highlighted by the European Union Member States, how isthe discursive conflict expressed within the discourse on CEAS, and what definitions ofsolidarity are promoted by the Member States. In purpose of addressing these focuses,discourse theory, issue salience and solidarity through burden sharing are used as theoreticalframework. By applying critical method and discourse analysis, this study has managed toestablish that the security issues are among the most highlighted, whereas the geographicallocation of a Member State seems to be an explanatory factor to a Member State’s specificemphasis. Regarding the discursive conflict, the definitions of the concepts mutual trust, fairdistribution and cooperation are especially contested. Furthermore, the external dimension ofsolidarity is proven to be the precedent definition of solidarity.
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Gray, H. L. "One for all and all for one, none for many and many for none : understanding solidarity in the Common European Asylum System." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2017. http://livrepository.liverpool.ac.uk/3018936/.
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The European Union’s asylum law and policy has been founded on the principle of solidarity between the Member States. The Treaty of Lisbon cemented this principle in the primary law of the EU at Article 80 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union and its priority has been re-emphasised in reactions to Europe’s ‘refugee crisis’. Solidarity is offered as an intuitively simple and constructive solution to the challenges facing the Common European Asylum System (CEAS). Yet it remains unclear what exactly this entails, as a definition of solidarity is conspicuously absent despite the central role it plays. This absence of a shared understanding makes it very difficult to engage meaningfully with legal or political calls for solidarity and to evaluate or critique the CEAS based on solidarity. This thesis critically investigates the meaning of solidarity in the context of the Common European Asylum System. The first part finds that solidarity conveys numerous different meanings and is used to express these variably at different times, established by drawing on three sources: first, the normative and theoretical underpinnings of the idea of solidarity; second, the development of solidarity in and by the European Union; and third, solidarity or burden-sharing in refugee law and practice through international and regional configurations. This flexibility is used to interpret solidarity in the CEAS in the second part: first to interrogate the contents of the ‘solidarity toolbox’ of practical, financial and legal mechanisms expressing the principle; and second to reflect on its role in shaping the CEAS and in managing the relationships between the EU, the Member States, and persons in need of international protection. From this, it is argued that solidarity does not necessarily entail any specific policy choices, rather, diverse policy options might equally claim to be based on the principle of solidarity. This enables the principle of solidarity to act as a point of agreement for actors with diverse interests and visions for asylum policy, but prevents solidarity guiding CEAS law and policymaking beyond this superficial agreement. Solidarity is a deceptively simple and alluring foundation and problem-solving tool for the CEAS. Its flexibility allows it to offer a veneer of unity to the CEAS, accommodating diverse, even conflicting, visions. On the other hand, this flexibility also means that it is a largely empty vessel and severely limited in its practical ability to guide law and policy planning in the CEAS.
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Tedenljung, Amanda. "Climate Change and Forced Migration : How Climate Refugees fit into EU Asylum Law." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Teologiska institutionen, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-412272.
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Climate change is one of the greatest challenges facing humankind and its effects will hit the most vulnerable persons disproportionately hard. Several millions of people risk displacement due to environmental hazards, natural disasters and climate mediated conflicts, influencing migration patterns across the world. Without a strategy for protecting specifically climate refugees, States risk violating several human rights, which makes the issue highly relevant to the international community. Nevertheless, an intergovernmental strategy for addressing the challenges does not yet exist. This thesis focuses specifically on the European Union’s role in protecting climate refugees. It offers an analysis of the mechanical and attitudinal dimensions of refugee protection in the Common European Asylum System (CEAS) and uses post-colonial theory as a tool for interpreting its implementation. This thesis is written with the purpose of contributing to the discourse on how climate refugees can and should fit in under current EU legislative mechanisms.
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Rizza, Laura Santa. "Il sistema europeo comune di asilo: la protezione internazionale dello straniero in Europa." Doctoral thesis, Università di Catania, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10761/4027.
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La tesi di dottorato dal titolo il sistema europeo comune di asilo: la protezione internazionale dello straniero in Europa nasce da un progetto di ricerca avviato alla fine del 2013 e volto a individuare la portata normativa europea in materia di protezione internazionale degli stranieri alla luce delle problematiche emerse nella prassi applicativa e quindi, in parte, connesse all attuale crisi migratoria. L obiettivo iniziale era quello di cogliere le differenze in tema di tutela del diritto di asilo tra due diversi piani ordinamentali: quello internazionale e quello europeo. In questa prima fase, e segnatamente nel I capitolo, il lavoro di ricerca si è incentrato sulla ricostruzione del processo di evoluzione del concetto di asilo nel diritto internazionale.
Ne è seguita una disamina delle questioni giuridiche sottese alla costruzione del sistema europeo comune di asilo, il cui obiettivo è sancito nell art. 78 del TFUE, completato dall art. 18 della Carta dei diritti fondamentali dell Unione europea, nonché, bilanciato e arricchito dalla giurisprudenza della Corte di giustizia dell Unione europea e della Corte Edu. Pertanto, i capitoli II e III sono stati dedicati rispettivamente alla nascita e all evoluzione della normativa dell Unione europea in materia e al quadro complessivo della vigente legislazione europea sul tema.
La crisi migratoria del 2015, e il suo acuirsi negli anni successivi, hanno consigliato di orientare la tesi verso uno studio più approfondito delle ragioni di disfunzione del sistema europeo comune di asilo al fine di identificare e proporre soluzioni giuridiche nuove e potenzialmente idonee a realizzare di un diritto di asilo europeo informato a criteri più rispettosi dei diritti della persona.
A tal proposito nel IV capitolo, dedicato ai principi fondanti il sistema europeo comune di asilo, ci si è soffermati sull opportunità o meno di valorizzare la c.d. clausola di sovranità al fine di salvaguardare la tutela dei richiedenti asilo dal subire trattamenti inumani e degradanti entro la stessa Unione europea nell applicazione dei c.d. trasferimenti Dublino; tale ultima eventualità è stata foriera di quella che si potrebbe definire crisi del principio di fiducia reciproca tra gli Stati membri. In quest ottica, si sono sollevati alcuni rilievi critici al parere n. 2/2013 della Corte di giustizia sull adesione dell Unione europea alla Convenzione europea dei diritti dell uomo. In particolare si sono rilevate le idiosincrasie della Corte di giustizia rispetto alle pronunce della Corte Edu in tema di tutela equivalente dei diritti umani nell Unione europea e applicazione del c.d. sistema Dublino. Di conseguenza, si è ricostruito il quadro giurisprudenziale di riferimento con specifica attenzione alle più rilevanti e recenti pronunce della Corte di giustizia, della Corte Edu e delle giurisdizioni nazionali di Inghilterra, Germania e Italia.
Infine, nel V e ultimo capitolo sono state analizzate criticamente le più recenti proposte normative avanzate dalla Commissione europea nel 2016 finalizzate a riformare il c.d. pacchetto asilo.
Inoltre, precipua attenzione è stata riservata all Accordo UE - Turchia del 18 marzo 2016 e al c.d. approccio hotspot. Queste due azioni volute dal Consiglio europeo e dalla Commissione europea sono state analizzate quali espressioni di una nuova tendenza europea che si caratterizza per l incapacità di adottare norme giuridiche seguendo le procedure legislative previste dai Trattati istitutivi.
In conclusione, la tesi propone l individuazione di un approccio diverso e potenzialmente idoneo a migliorare la condizione di vita dei richiedenti protezione internazionale. La soluzione, in una prospettiva futura e ambiziosa, risiederebbe nel superamento della necessità del requisito della territorialità per proporre domanda di asilo e nell adozione di una normativa europea in materia d ingressi legali dei richiedenti protezione internazionale.
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Puthoopparambil, Soorej Jose. "Life in Immigration Detention Centers : An exploration of health of immigrant detainees in Sweden and three other EU member states." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Internationell mödra- och barnhälsovård (IMCH), 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-272493.
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Governments around the world use immigration detention to detain and deport irregular immigrants, which negatively affects their health. The aim of this thesis was to explore, describe and identify factors that could mitigate the effect of immigration detention on the health of detainees. This was a mixed method study using qualitative methods (Papers I and II), quantitative methods (Paper III) and descriptive case comparison (Paper IV) comparing the Swedish system to the system in the Benelux countries (Belgium, the Netherlands and Luxembourg). The study design was strengthened by triangulation of methods and data sources. Detainees experienced lack of control over their own lives due to lack of information in a language they can understand, inadequate responses from detention staff and restrictions within detention centers further limiting their liberty. Duration of detention was negatively associated with satisfaction of services provided in detention and the detainees’ Quality of Life (QOL). Detainees had low QOL domain scores with the psychological domain having the lowest score (41.9/100). The most significant factor positively associated with the QOL of detainees was the support received from detention staff. A sense of fear was present among detainees and staff. Detainees’ fear was due to their inadequate interaction with authorities, perceiving it as threatening, and due to their worry of facing repercussions of being involved in incidents caused by others. The potential for physical threat from detainees created a sense of fear among the staff. The detention staff expressed the need for more support to manage their emotional dilemma and role conflict of being a civil servant, simultaneously enabling the deportation process while providing humane care to detainees as fellow human beings. Detention centers in the Benelux countries had more categories of staff providing different services to detainees. Compared to the Benelux countries, healthcare services at the Swedish detention centers were limited. Detainees were offered no medical screening on arrival and no regular access to mental healthcare professionals. Detaining authorities have the obligation to safeguard the health of detainees. Challenges faced by the detention staff and detainees must be addressed to create a supportive environment and fulfill that obligation.
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Mansour, Mouna. "L'Union européenne au miroir de la demande d'asile." Thesis, Paris 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PA01D035.
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Définie comme droit national puis comme droit communautaire depuis l’adoption de la Convention de Dublin en 1990 par les États membres, la politique d’asile de l’Union européenne est devenue indissociable de sa politique migratoire. Le contexte des arrivées massives d’exilés dans l’Union européenne au cours des années 2010 a permis à l’UE de renforcer l’intégration de la demande d’asile dans une politique sécuritaire en la hiérarchisant, la catégorisant et en renforçant l’externalisation de son traitement. Cependant, en confirmant le mécanisme « Dublin » qui appelle à la solidarité des États membres dans la prise en charge des demandeurs d’asile, l’Union européenne, qui formait jusque-là un bloc unifié institutionnellement autour des valeurs des droits de l’Homme et de la démocratie, est désormais traversée par des conflits qui laissent ouverte la question de l’intégration et du rejet des demandeurs d’asile et qui révèlent une crise plus largeDefined as national law and then as Community law since the adoption of the Dublin Convention in 1990 by the Member States, the asylum policy of the European Union has become inseparable from its migration policy. The context of the mass influx of exiles into the European Union in the course of 2010 has allowed the EU to strengthen the integration of asylum demand into a security policy by prioritizing, categorizing and strengthening the outsourcing of its treatment. However, by confirming the « Dublin » mechanism which calls for the solidarity of the Member States in the care of asylum seekers, the European Union, which until then formed an institutionally unified blocaround the values of the human rights and democracy, is now crossed by conflicts that leave open the question of integration and rejection of asylum seekers and reveal a wider crisis
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Zarrella, Silvia. "Le principe de solidarité et de partage équitable de responsabilités en matière d'asile entre les États membres de l'Union Européenne." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016STRAA014/document.
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Le flux massif des réfugiés provenant de la Syrie a pris au dépourvu la capacité d'accueil de certains pays euro-méditerranéens, et mis en relief l'absence de solidarité et de partage équitable de responsabilités entre les États de l'Union européenne. En premier lieu, cette étude définit le concept de “burden-sharing” entendu comme une mesure concrète de solidarité à réaliser à travers la distribution des risques et des coûts parmi les membres d'un groupe pour la réalisation d'un objectif commun. Après avoir analysé l’évolution de ce principe dans le droit international, on évalue sa mise en oeuvre dans l’ordre juridique de l’Union européenne, notamment, dans le Système Européen Commun d'Asile (SECA) consacré par l’article 80 TFUE. En analysant le system Dublin et les réponses les plus actuelles à l’émergence syrienne on conclut que l’Union européenne est encore loin de la complète réalisation du principe du burden sharingThe massive flow of refugees from Syria caught out the reception capacity of some Euro-Mediterranean countries, and highlighted the lack of solidarity and fair sharing of responsibilities among the States of the European Union. Firstly, this study defines the concept of "burden-sharing" conceived as a concrete measure of solidarity to be accomplished through the distribution of risks and costs among the members of a group in order to achieve a common goal. After analyzing the evolution of this principle in international law, we evaluate its implementation in the legal order of the European Union, particularly in the European Common Asylum System (CEAS) as enshrined in Article 80 TFEU. By assessing the Dublin system and the most current answers to the Syrian emergence, we will argue that the European Union is still far from the full realization of the principle of burden sharing
20
PENA, DIAZ FRANCISCO DE ASIS. "'LOS DERECHOS DE LOS SOLICITANTES DE ASILO LGBTI TRAS LA AGENDA EUROPEA DE MIGRACIÓN'." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/699332.
Full textAbstract:
Since its inception, International Human Rights Law has been concerned with protecting those most exposed to violence and discrimination. However, their development in the aftermath of World War II ignored LGBTI people. The acknowledgment of this group as subjects of human rights has progressed slowly but inexorably. A good example of this is the 1950 European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms. Although its provisions do not mention LGBTI people, it has eventually included them in its scope thanks to the case-law of the Court of Strasbourg. The same tendency is echoed in the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees. As a result, the refugee definition has evolved to accommodate persons who are very different in all probability from the people conceived by its drafters. Since the 1980s, LGBTI asylum-seekers have gradually acceded to refugee status. This is no small achievement. All too often, the violence suffered by these people is perpetrated while national authorities remain impassive or even participate in the oppression. Against this backdrop, many LGBTI people are forced to flee their countries of origin seeking the protection their States cannot or refuse to provide. However, the definition of refugee of the Geneva Convention fails to address issues of gender, sexual orientation, gender identity or expression and sexual characteristics, being more suitable to protect a male, European, cisgender and heterosexual refugee than an LGBTI asylum seeker. Although persecution on the grounds of sexual orientation or gender identity is now widely accepted in International Refugee Law, LGBTI asylum applications present a high degree of complexity, leading to many and varied issues affecting every element of the refugee definition. A sizeable number of these refugees flee to European States, whose societies portray themselves to the outside world as the strongest bulwarks of the LGBTI. However, European States are currently caught up in a primarily securitarian logic that sees refugees and irregular migrants as threats to their security, stability and "European way of life". As a result, regulations governing asylum status and procedures have been developing in an increasingly repressive way. The crisis of the Common European Asylum System that followed the arrival of large numbers of asylum seekers has led to a "new normal" in which the limitation of the rights of asylum seekers is not only legitimate and possible, but also desirable. In this thesis, we examine how this approach to migration affects LGBTI asylum seekers.
21
Koutsouraki, Eleni. "Les droits des demandeurs d'asile dans l'Union européenne et leur condition en droit comparé (France, Grèce)." Thesis, Paris 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA020009.
Full textAbstract:
La crise du droit d’asile au sein de l’Union Européenne fait aujourd’hui l’objet de préoccupations récurrentes. En plus de celle-ci, les personnes qui recherchent une protection dans l’ « espace de liberté, de sécurité et de justice » de l’Union, se trouvent face à une autre crise, celle du droit à l’asile. A partir de ce constat, il est apparu pertinent de s’interroger sur les droits des demandeurs d’asile dans le cadre du régime d’asile européen commun (RAEC). Plus précisément, il s’agit de l’étude de l’effectivité des droits confrontés aux obstacles d’accès à l’Union Européenne et aux procédures d’asile de ses Etats membres, des droits liés à la procédure d’examen des demandes d’asile et des droits dont les personnes disposent pendant cet examen. La protection de ces droits, en plus du problème traditionnel de la mise en oeuvre des engagements internationaux au niveau national, a été confrontée à un nouveau régime régional ainsi qu’à une harmonisation ambiguë. A travers l’étude des droits, cette recherche vise à démontrer les causes de la crise et à proposer éventuellement des solutions orientées vers le respect du Droit International pour sortir de celle-ci, afin de contribuer à l’amélioration de la condition des demandeurs d’asile dans l’espace européen. A cet effet, notre approche est également comparatiste car l’examen des deux exemples concrets sert d’outil d’analyse, de réflexion et enfin d’évaluation du RAEC, qui a commencé à répartir les charges au sein de l’Union Européenne par le mécanisme de Dublin avant que les procédures d’examen des demandes d’asile ainsi que les conditions d’accueil dans les Etats membres aient été harmonisées. Une analyse de droit comparé entre deux Etats membres, en l’espèce la France et la Grèce, nous semble en effet s’imposer, afin de démontrer les enjeux actuels de l’harmonisation européenne en matière d’asile et d’éclairer les défis de la protection des droitsThe crisis of asylum law within the European Union is currently the subject of recurring concerns. In addition to that, people who seek protection in the "area of freedom, security and justice" of the European Union, face another crisis, that of the right to asylum. Following this observation, it seems relevant to consider the rights of asylum seekers under the Common European Asylum System (CEAS). More specifically, we study the effectiveness of rights before the obstacles of access to the European Union and its Member States’ asylum procedures, the rights related to the procedure for examining asylum applications and the rights accorded during this examination. The protection of these rights, in addition to the traditional problem of the implementation of international commitments at national level, was faced with a new regional system as well as an ambiguous harmonization. Through the study of human rights, this research aims to demonstrate the causes of the crisis, to propose possible solutions oriented to the respect of international law and contribute to the improvement of the status of asylum seekers in the European space. To this end, our approach is also comparative because the examination of two concrete examples is useful for analysis, reflection and finally evaluation of the CEAS, which began to distribute the burden in the European Union by the Dublin mechanism before the examination procedures and reception conditions in the member states have been harmonized. A comparative law analysis between two member states, France and Greece, it seems to be necessary in order to demonstrate the current challenges of European harmonization on asylum and illuminate the challenges of rights’ protection.Keywords :
22
Schelb, Simone-Ariane. "The Syrian Refugee Crisis and the European Union: A Case Study of Germany and Hungary." FIU Digital Commons, 2017. https://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/3543.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis explores the impact of the Syrian refugee crisis on the Common European Asylum System. It evaluates the extent to which the European Union was able to implement a common asylum system, identifies discrepancies between different European countries, primarily Germany and Hungary, and briefly examines the roots of these differences. To this end, the structure of the international refugee protection regime and the German and Hungarian asylum systems are analyzed. Furthermore, the thesis explores how the governments of the two countries perceive the rights of refugees and how their views have affected their handling of the crisis. The case studies of Germany and Hungary have revealed that the treatment of Syrian refugees varies enormously within the EU. Hence, the implementation of the Common European Asylum System has not been achieved, which can be attributed to the deficiencies within the system and the growing ideological rifts within the EU.
23
Lai, I. Tak. "Towards the EU common migration and asylum policy : challenges or opportunities?" Thesis, University of Macau, 2010. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b2555551.
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Soleimanpour, Nasim. "Harmonization in the European Union through Common Asylum Policies : Comparing Spain and Sweden." Thesis, Örebro universitet, Institutionen för juridik, psykologi och socialt arbete, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-46153.
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Turnbull, Penelope Anne. "Germany, Britain and the institutionalisation of justice and home affairs co-operation in the European Union : competing visions and common agendas." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.368222.
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Ladsteiner, Lital. "A comparative study of asylum laws and policies in the European Union and United States : similarities, divergences and common trends." Thesis, University of Leicester, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/31084.
Full textAbstract:
This research aims at identifying mutual goals, common trends and policy divergences in the asylum law and policies of the European Union (EU) and United States. The study commences with a cross-Atlantic overview of the legal framework of asylum. It then turns, using an issue-based analysis, to examine how the definition of the term 'refugee' and exclusion from protection, provided for by the Geneva Convention 1951, are interpreted on either side of the Atlantic. Next, the socio-economic rights to be granted to individuals seeking asylum have resulted in an extensive debate. As the Geneva Convention does not fully cover mere asylum applicants in its socio-economic provisions, assessment of the treatment bestowed is therefore essential. Finally, since both EU nd US temporary protection policies can and do in fact include genuine asylum seekers, there exists a real risk that asylum claims will be overshadowed by the grant of temporary protection, thereby resulting in an inadequate protection for those escaping persecution.;More than ever, the asylum debate is taking place amid a highly charged political environment, examples of which can be seen in the immediate US response to the 11 September 2001 terror attacks, and the deadline for the adoption of the first-stage of EU asylum legislation. As principles of asylum law emphasise open borders and access to the territory, the risk that human rights obligations will be traded-off against higher security standards subsists. Given the fact that the Geneva Convention is not subject to any scrutiny by any international tribunal, the interpretation provided by the EU and the United States of the above substantive law issues is undoubtedly significantly as it may affect refugee standards worldwide.;In finding no current official co-ordination between the EU and the United States in asylum legislation, the question that is considered is whether the consensus over security measures, as seen, for example, in the recently adopted US-EU Passenger Name Record Agreement, is merely the first step, leading to a common understanding of asylum laws and exchange of policies, thereby creating a cross-Atlantic policy convergence.
27
Alp, Cigdem. "Asylum Harmonization Process And Its Impacts Within The Context Of The Eu Enlargement." Master's thesis, METU, 2005. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12606245/index.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
Since 1980s, a number of factors caused an overall enhancement in the number of persons applying for asylum in Europe. This rapid increase in asylum applications and the end of the ideological gains towards refugees with the end of the politicized Cold War environment, necessitated European countries to re-focus on their immigration and asylum policies in a more systematic manner, especially after the ratification of the &lsquoSingle European Act&rsquo
. Following the transfer of competencies in asylum and migration to the Community level, discussions were quickly moved within a European framework although harmonization of divergent national practices about an issue directly related to state sovereignty, has not been deemed as a troublefree task for the Member States. On the other hand, the acquis regarding this problematic and state-centric issue has already started to be transferred to the Applicant Countries for the EU membership, as part of the pre-accession strategy, and also to the third countries through bilateral agreements. This thesis work will focus on the concerns regarding the extension of these European asylum acquis to the third countries as well as on the advantages of creating a Common Asylum Policy within the Union and its Associates.
28
Mouratidis, Konstantinos. "An unresolved common problem of the European monetary system and of European Monetary Union : an empirical investigation." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.273916.
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Su, Esra. "Turkey'." Master's thesis, METU, 2008. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12610257/index.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
Turkey has been one of the few countries that signed the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees with the provision of maintaining geographical limitation to that of offering protection only to European nationals. This is, however, expected to change as Turkey heads towards EU membership. Since 1999, Turkey has been declared as a candidate country to the European Union (EU), in the Helsinki Summit. It is expected to adopt EU Asylum Acquis into its legislation and to lift the geographical limitation of the
1951 Geneva Convention.
This study aims to analyze EU&rsquos Common Asylum Policy in order to present a comprehensive overview to EU Asylum Acquis and practices that are expected to be adopted by Turkey during the pre-accession process. The aim of this thesis is to analyze deficiencies of European Common Asylum Policy and its potential positive and negative effects on Turkey&rsquo
s asylum policy.
30
Cardwell, Paul J. "The common foreign and security policy of the European Union as a system of governance : the Euro-Mediterranean partnership." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/3240.
Full textAbstract:
The Common Foreign and Security Policy (CFSP) of the European Union (EU) has often been characterised by legal scholars as an intergovernmental ‘pillar’ within the constitutional structure of the EU, distinct from the type of law and legal processes common to other dimensions of the European integration process. The perceived limitations caused by the intergovernmental nature of the CFSP have contributed to the widespread view that it is largely ineffective in meeting its goals. This thesis analyses the CFSP by characterising it as a system of governance. Building on the language and meanings of ‘governance’, an institutional constructivist framework of legal analysis is developed. Using this framework helps to show that characterising the CFSP in this way demonstrates how its (legal) effects go beyond the instruments provided for in the Treaty on European Union. The CFSP as a system of governance can be seen to influence other Union-level instruments, tools and policies in which the EU’s foreign policy goals are pursued. The case is made that the CFSP can be understood as an integral part of the constitutional order of the EU and legal analysis need not be limited to the competences and instruments found in the Treaty. The thesis uses the Euro-Mediterranean Partnership (EuroMed) to demonstrate how the EU’s foreign policy goals are pursued. Although EuroMed was not formally created by a CFSP instrument, analysis of its institutional framework and operation shows that it bears close affinity with the CFSP goals, both globally and towards the Mediterranean. EuroMed can also be seen as a system of governance, in which the EU institutions act as strong, central actors which enable foreign policy goals to be pursued within an institutionalised framework. As a policy area within EuroMed, the broad issues of migration are examined against the background of growing EU competence in migration law and policy. The analysis demonstrates that migration issues have come to the forefront in EuroMed, which is increasingly used as a means by which foreign policy and security goals can be pursued by the EU under the guise of a ‘partnership’ with Mediterranean states. Applying the institutional constructivist framework of legal analysis to the CFSP shows that, as a system of governance, it has strong effects on other policy-making spheres within the EU, and these effects can justifiably be termed as ‘legal’. As such, the CFSP should therefore not be regarded as a policy which is limited in its usefulness but one which can be seen to fulfil its goals through a wider set of means than previously thought.
31
Ali, Eid Ashry Gaber. "The international aspects of the European common consolidated corporate tax base (CCCTB) and their interaction with third countries." Thesis, Brunel University, 2013. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/7697.
Full textAbstract:
The thesis examines the international taxation rules of the Common Consolidated Corporate Tax Base (CCCTB) and their interaction with third-country corporate tax practice. The aim is to assess the effectiveness of the CCCTB vis-à-vis third countries, with Egypt as a practical example. The CCCTB has the potential to reduce corporate tax obstacles faced by businesses in the EU in having to comply with up to twenty seven different domestic systems for determining their taxable profits. However, the international taxation rules of the CCCTB system are likely to have an impact on the corporate tax practice in third countries, and may conflict with existing bilateral tax treaties concluded between CCCTB-Member States and third countries. The discussion presents a detailed analysis of the CCCTB’s unilateral framework for the avoidance of double taxation and for the protection of the common consolidated tax base. It reveals that, by means of ordinary credit and exemption methods provided in the CCCTB Directive, international double taxation will be eliminated in relation to third countries. Furthermore, the CCCTB’s anti-abuse rules are effective in protecting the common tax base and in eliminating non-double taxation. Nevertheless, the unilateral measures are in conflict with a number of important provisions of bilateral tax treaties, based on the OECD Model, concluded between the potential CCCTB-Member States and third countries. Egypt exemplifies this – but the problem is generic. These conflicts between the CCCTB and OECD Model bilateral treaties are detrimental to the effective functioning of the CCCTB system vis-à-vis third countries, and need to be redressed. This thesis suggests a simple and practical solution - replacement of the bilateral tax treaties between CCCTB-Member States and third countries with a multilateral tax treaty to be concluded between every third country and all CCCTB-Member States.
32
Nilsson, Emelie. "Auktoritärt ledarskap och EU : En kvalitativ studie om ineffektiviteten inom den gemensamma asylpolitiken." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för statsvetenskap (ST), 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-65159.
Full textAbstract:
This essay studies the European Union and the European asylum system from Max Webers authority theory. The EU considers to be an area of freedom and human rights, but recent events have shown inadequacies in the asylum system that was established by the Dublin Regulation 2003. The Hungarian government is one of the member countries of the EU that has refused and declined their obligations towards the EU. The aim of this study is to see why the EU have failed in implementing a functioning asylum policy and how the lack of authority have resulted in an insufficient asylum system for an international organization. The conclusion in this essay is that the Union is allowing member countries to not be cooperating with the European laws and the absence of authority and efficiency has led to some of the member countries to take advantage of it.
33
Hronová, Lucie. "Evropská daňová legislativa z pohledu výjimek přidělených jednotlivým členským státům EU v oblasti DPH." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2008. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-17109.
Full textAbstract:
The value added tax has been adapted by various legal instruments of the European community (regulations, directives, decisions etc.) which are used to harmonise this tax. Together these documents establish "the common system of VAT". The time definition of this system is not simple, because of newly ratified legal instruments that are reacting to both Community requirements and the current economical situation. At the present time, combating tax evasion is the fastest developing part of the common system. Tax evasion is significantly reducing revenues of the whole Community by reducing the revenues of single member states. Even if the European Union always places emphasis on the equal conditions for all member states in all areas of interest including claiming VAT, there are some exceptions from the common system granted for member states. The main objective of these exceptions is to take into consideration the specific conditions in each member country through special instruments added to the common VAT system. These exceptions should simplify the acceptance of the common system by all member states.
34
Herron, Fiona Michelle. "A study of digesta passage in rabbits and ringtail possums using markers and models." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/483.
Full textAbstract:
The common ringtail possum (Pseudocheirus peregrinus), a member of the family Pseudocheiridae, is an arboreal folivorous marsupial that feeds predominantly on Eucalyptus foliage. Contrary to the expectation that small body size would inhibit utilisation of a diet containing such high levels of lignified fibre because of relatively low gut volume to body mass ratios and relatively high mass-specific metabolic rates and nutrient requirements (Hume 1999), the ringtail possum is able to survive solely on a diet of Eucalyptus foliage. The rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) is a terrestrial herbivore and is a member of the family Leporidae that feeds predominantly on grasses. The rabbit was proposed as a digesta flow model for the ringtail possum since both are caecotrophic (periodically re-ingest caecal contents) and both are proposed to exhibit a colonic separation mechanism (CSM) where fluids and small, easily digested particles are preferentially returned to the caecum. The rabbit is of value for the modelling process since it is more accessible for experimental manipulation than the ringtail possum. This study investigated a proposal to use digesta passage through the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) of the rabbit as a model of digesta passage for the ringtail possum on the basis that both are caecotrophic caecum fermenters. A number of potential problems were identified with this proposal and investigation of these problems formed the basis for the research described in this thesis. Two main areas were identified as being potentially problematic: 1) fundamental flaws with the particulate markers used in digesta rate of passage studies; and 2) differences in animal behaviour and natural diet between the two subject species which suggested different digestive strategies and hence different patterns of digesta flow through the GIT. The proposed digesta passage markers were lanthanide metals (Dy, Tm, Eu and Yb) attached to either fibrous particles (1200 - 600�m) or formalin-fixed rumen bacteria (20 � 0.2�m). These markers were shown to not be of the assumed size classes and the extent of lanthanide metal binding differed between the four metals used. An effect due to method of dosing was also observed. The findings of marker inconsistencies caused major limitation to model development and further research is necessary to clarify these markers. The proposal to use digesta flow in the rabbit GIT as a model for digesta flow in the ringtail possum was shown to be idealistic due to the differences in anatomy and behaviour observed between the two herbivores. Laboratory observations, time series analysis and compartmental modelling confirmed the differences between the animals. This study showed: 1) the GIT of the rabbit was more complex both anatomically and functionally than that of the ringtail possum; 2) behaviour affecting digesta passage of the rabbit and ringtail were different and; 3) compartmental models confirmed the anatomical and behavioural findings. Digesta passage in the rabbit could not be modelled mathematically using data on digesta passage due to complexities of the system. In contrast, a basic model was constructed for digesta passage in the ringtail possum. On the basis of these findings, the research hypothesis "that digesta passage in rabbits is similar to that in ringtail possums" was rejected.
35
Herron, Fiona Michelle. "A study of digesta passage in rabbits and ringtail possums using markers and models." University of Sydney. Biology, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/483.
Full textAbstract:
The common ringtail possum (Pseudocheirus peregrinus), a member of the family Pseudocheiridae, is an arboreal folivorous marsupial that feeds predominantly on Eucalyptus foliage. Contrary to the expectation that small body size would inhibit utilisation of a diet containing such high levels of lignified fibre because of relatively low gut volume to body mass ratios and relatively high mass-specific metabolic rates and nutrient requirements (Hume 1999), the ringtail possum is able to survive solely on a diet of Eucalyptus foliage. The rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) is a terrestrial herbivore and is a member of the family Leporidae that feeds predominantly on grasses. The rabbit was proposed as a digesta flow model for the ringtail possum since both are caecotrophic (periodically re-ingest caecal contents) and both are proposed to exhibit a colonic separation mechanism (CSM) where fluids and small, easily digested particles are preferentially returned to the caecum. The rabbit is of value for the modelling process since it is more accessible for experimental manipulation than the ringtail possum. This study investigated a proposal to use digesta passage through the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) of the rabbit as a model of digesta passage for the ringtail possum on the basis that both are caecotrophic caecum fermenters. A number of potential problems were identified with this proposal and investigation of these problems formed the basis for the research described in this thesis. Two main areas were identified as being potentially problematic: 1) fundamental flaws with the particulate markers used in digesta rate of passage studies; and 2) differences in animal behaviour and natural diet between the two subject species which suggested different digestive strategies and hence different patterns of digesta flow through the GIT. The proposed digesta passage markers were lanthanide metals (Dy, Tm, Eu and Yb) attached to either fibrous particles (1200 - 600�m) or formalin-fixed rumen bacteria (20 � 0.2�m). These markers were shown to not be of the assumed size classes and the extent of lanthanide metal binding differed between the four metals used. An effect due to method of dosing was also observed. The findings of marker inconsistencies caused major limitation to model development and further research is necessary to clarify these markers. The proposal to use digesta flow in the rabbit GIT as a model for digesta flow in the ringtail possum was shown to be idealistic due to the differences in anatomy and behaviour observed between the two herbivores. Laboratory observations, time series analysis and compartmental modelling confirmed the differences between the animals. This study showed: 1) the GIT of the rabbit was more complex both anatomically and functionally than that of the ringtail possum; 2) behaviour affecting digesta passage of the rabbit and ringtail were different and; 3) compartmental models confirmed the anatomical and behavioural findings. Digesta passage in the rabbit could not be modelled mathematically using data on digesta passage due to complexities of the system. In contrast, a basic model was constructed for digesta passage in the ringtail possum. On the basis of these findings, the research hypothesis "that digesta passage in rabbits is similar to that in ringtail possums" was rejected.
36
Šimkus, Andrius. "Europos Sąjungos ir valstybių euro zonos narių kompetencijos ribos pinigų politikos srityje." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2006. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2006~D_20060328_161917-81105.
Full textAbstract:
Common monetary policy, according to its nature and established principles of formation and implementation, is unique policy of the Community. Its importance for the EU existence requires clearly divided competence in its sphere. Regardless exclusive monetary policy competence of the Community, euro-zone members obtained a wide range of opportunities for active participation in creation, formation and implementation of monetary policy, both through the institutional system and through the political interest influence.
37
Peterson, Therése. "Samspelet mellan ekologi, produktionsförhållande, politik och sociokulturella faktorer gällande Östersjöns torskbestånd från 1970-talet till 2003." Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Water and Environmental Studies, 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-2401.
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The study begins with a historical background over the fisheries development in North America and in the Baltic Sea area in Finland and Sweden. As we can see the fisheries development depends on the interaction between ecology, state of production, politic and also social factors. In Sweden the fishery politic has changed over the period of the study. In the 1970: s the main politic focus was on the fisheries progress, expansion and rationalization. The State in Sweden took a vast part in this development and gave economic support. In the 1980: s the fishery politic in Sweden started to change and the environmental politics began to enter the fishery politic. The environmental problems in the Baltic Sea were given attention and it was a great anxiety over the eutrophication. In the 1980: s the codpopulation declined and with them the catches declined. The conflict over the White zone 1978-1988 between Former Soviet Union and Sweden resulted in a plunder fishery in the area east of Bornholm. This plunder fishery effected the cod population enormous and the effect has continued to the late 1990: s.
In 1995 Sweden joined the European Union and the common fishery politic replaced the Swedish fishery politic.
The system with TAC (Total Allowable Catch) is central in the common politic and it is used to control the cod catches. But the problem is that the TAC -volume has been higher than the codpopulation could stand. Despite the politic goal in Sweden and EU to preserve the codpopulation in the Baltic Sea, the codpopulation has continued to decline. The reason to this politic failure is that the limit of the ecology has been overseen. Instead, the economic and social values have been dominating the politic and together with a to weak control of the catches and environmental problems in the Baltic Sea, the situation for the cod has been devastating.
38
Nelzin, de Pizzol Audrey. "Les relations entre l'Union européenne et les organisations d'intégration économique régionale d'Amérique latine et des Caraïbes - Quelles mutations ?" Thesis, Antilles-Guyane, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AGUY0495/document.
Full textAbstract:
Depuis 1999, l’Union européenne a inauguré une nouvelle approche dans ses relations avec l’Amérique latine et les Caraïbes. A cet égard, le premier sommet Union européenne – Amérique latine – Caraïbes, dit « sommet de Rio » marque un tournant grâce au lancement du « partenariat stratégique ». Dans ce cadre, toutes les organisations régionales d’intégration économique situées dans cette zone géographique, et non pas uniquement le MERCOSUR, apparaissent comme des partenaires importants. Le changement obéit autant à des contraintes externes qu’à une stratégie extérieure. Dans le domaine des échanges commerciaux, le but déclaré est d’atteindre « une libéralisation mutuelle des échanges » sur une base équitable et mutuellement profitable tout en défendant certaines valeurs communes. Cependant, le cadre juridique longtemps en vigueur s’est avéré inadapté à l’avènement d’une ambition économique et politique d’une telle ampleur. Par conséquent, l’Union européenne se trouve confrontée au défi de réformer les cadres juridiques de ses relations avec les organisations régionales d’intégration économique d’Amérique latine et des Caraïbes. La thèse analyse l’évolution et la restructuration actuelles des instruments juridiques des relations entre l’Union européenne l’Amérique latine et les CaraïbesSince 1999, the European Union began a new competitive approach in its relationships with Latin America and the Caribbean. In this respect, the first step has been made in the European Union-Latin America and Caribbean’ Summit [Rio Summit (1999)] with the launch of a new partnership called “Strategic Partnership”. In this context, all organisations of regional economic integration – not only the MERCOSUR the most competitive one – are considered as important partners. The change is due to external constraints as well as an external strategy. In the field of commercial exchanges, the goal is to attempt “mutual liberalisation of exchanges” on a fair and mutually profitable basis, defending at the same time “common values”. However, the traditional legal framework of the relations is obviously unsuitable for such an ambitious economic and political project. So, from a legal aspect, the European Union is confronted with the challenge of reforming the contractual frameworks of its relations with regional economic integrations in Latin America and in the Caribbean. The issue concerns an analysis of the evolution and restructuring of existing legal instruments of the European Union’s relations with Latin America and the Caribbean
Desde 1999, la Unión Europea instauró un nuevo enfoque en sus relaciones con América Latina y el Caribe. En este enfoque llamado “estratégico”, todas las organiza-ciones comarcales de integración económicas ubicadas en esta zona geográfica y no úni-camente el MERCOSUR, se pueden ver como interlocutores importantes. La primera cumbre Unión Europea /América latina/Caribe (cumbre de Rio) es una fecha importante en la evolución de las relaciones gracias al lanzamiento “de la colaboración estratégica”. En lo que toca a los intercambios comerciales, la meta declarada es alcanzar una “liberalización mutual de los intercambios” a partir de una base equitativa y mutualmente provechosa de-fendiendo a la vez ciertos valores comunes. Sin embargo, el marco jurídico en vigor durante una larga temporada se ha reve-lado inadecuado para el advenimiento de una ambición económica y política de esta impor-tancia. Por consiguiente, la Unión Europea se enfrenta hoy en día al desafío jurídico de la renovación del marco convencional de sus relaciones con las organizaciones de integración económica de América Latina y del Caribe. El asunto se refiere a un análisis de las rela-ciones exteriores de la Unión Europea desde el punto de vista de los desafíos jurídicos. Utilizamos el análisis sistémico para poner de relieve los factores explicativos de la evolu-ción y de la reestructuración actuales de los instrumentos jurídicos de las relaciones entre la Unión Europea y América-Latina Caribe
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Castillo, Justine. "Les interprètes de la Convention de Genève du 28 juillet 1951 relative au statut des réfugiés : Étude du point de vue de la France." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BORD0062/document.
Full textAbstract:
Plus de soixante ans après son adoption, la Convention de Genève compte 145 États parties.Instrument juridique universel sur le statut des réfugiés, elle est la lex specialis du droit international desréfugiés. Qui est réfugié ? Quelle protection lui est accordée ? Ces deux questions se posent avec uneacuité certaine du fait de l’accroissement des flux migratoires, des crises multiples et de la lutte contre leterrorisme. Le contexte actuel de l’application de la Convention est différent de celui de son adoption.Rédigée par la voie de dispositions générales, elle doit être interprétée pour être appliquée. Cependant, iln’existe pas un interprète. Si les États, le Haut Commissariat des Nations Unies pour les réfugiés et laCour internationale de justice sont les interprètes officiels, ils ne sont pas les seuls. L’Office français deprotection des réfugiés et apatrides et la Cour nationale du droit d’asile jouent un rôle important et la Coureuropéenne des droits de l’homme et la Cour de justice de l’Union européenne jouent un rôle grandissant.Cette multiplicité d’interprètes peut causer une diversité d’interprétations. Or, les interprétationsdivergentes nuisent à la lisibilité et la visibilité de la Convention en tant qu’instrument de définition et deprotection des réfugiés. La présente étude est une analyse de la contribution des interprètes aux évolutionsde la Convention. Dans cette perspective, la prolifération des instruments du droit européen etinternational des droits de l’homme et la complexification des déplacements contraints de personnes sontdes paramètres incontournables, pris en compte par les interprètes, pour éclairer le sens et la portée de laConventionMore than sixty years after its adoption, the Geneva Convention counts 145 States ascontracting Parties. This universal legal instrument on refugee’s status represents the lex specialis ofinternational refugee Law. Who can be a refugee? What can be his level of protection? These questionsare particularly relevant under the influence of the increasing population flows, the multiples crises andthe fight against terrorism. The current context of the Convention’s application is different than the one ofits adoption. And due to its general provisions, this Convention needs to be interpreted in order to beapplied. However, there is no sole interpreter. The States, the United Nations High Commissioner forRefugees and the International Court of Justice are indeed the official interpreters, but not the only onesensuring this mission. Not only the French Office for the Protection of Refugees and Stateless Persons andthe National Court of Asylum play an important role in this matter, but the European Court of HumanRights and the Court of Justice of the European Union also play an expanding role. This multiplicity ofinterpreters can induce a variety of interpretations. Nevertheless, a divergent interpretation can affect thereadability and the visibility of the Convention as a refugee defining and protective legal instrument. Thepresent study constitutes an analysis of the interpreters’ contribution to the Convention’s developments. Inthis perspective, the overgrowth of European and International Human Rights Law instrument and thecomplexity of forced migration are ineluctable feature, taken into account by the interpreters, to clarify themeaning and the scope of the Convention
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CHEN, MENG-YUN, and 陳孟筠. "The Dilemma of Burden-Sharing behind the Common European Asylum System." Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/7248vq.
Full textAbstract:
碩士東海大學
政治學系
107
The Schengen Agreement led to the creation of the Schengen area, which allowed members to abolish internal border control and guaranteed free movement of people, goods, capital and services. In order to found an area of freedom, security and justice, a common asylum system is indispensable. However, due to the Syrian civil war, a large number of asylum-seeker flowed into the EU and then caused serious crisis to the EU and its members. The crisis challenged the existing Common European Asylum System, which developed after the 1999 Tampere Summit. The problem of uneven Burden-Sharing behind the Common European Asylum System was unveiled during the crisis and then caused serious disputes between the EU and member states. As a result, it undermined the cooperation between member states and the solidarity of the EU, and then threaten the long-term development of the European integration. Accordingly, this thesis explores the institutional development of the Common European Asylum System and the burden-sharing dilemma behind the System. This thesis analysed the factors resulted to the dilemma and evaluated its impact on the EU and further integration. By discussing the dilemma of uneven burden-sharing behind the Common European Asylum System, this thesis aims to offer insight on how to clarify and resolve the problem of uneven burden-sharing so as to create space to further cooperation for the entire international society.
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Mikalsen, Hanna Randgaard. "Queer asylum seekers in the European Union." Master's thesis, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10071/24156.
Full textAbstract:
Queer asylum seekers experience discrimination and rejection at European borders. Research
has established that the European Union is contradictory in how it promotes itself as a queer-
friendly, but simultaneously maintains an asylum system unsuited to recognize the asylum
needs of queer asylum applicants. This study aims at tackling these contradictions. Specifically,
it investigates how queer asylum seekers are portrayed in the Common European Asylum
System’s (CEAS) discourse. In addition, it discusses how these discourses contribute to
producing homonationalism and ideas of European ideological borders.
In order to answer these questions, a Critical Discourse Analysis of central CEAS policy
documents has been conducted. Five thematic categories were identified in the discourse: 1)
invisibility, with the subcategory 2) invisibility ? risk of overlooking, 3) stigmatization, 4)
ambivalence and 5) limited representation. The analysis demonstrates several tendencies of
heteronormativity and homonormativity, because the CEAS is not able to reflect the myriad of
sexual orientations and gender identities that exists and their unique experiences. In addition, it
indicates that the CEAS is not able to harmonize the different conceptions of sexual citizenship
across the EU, resulting in an unharmonized asylum system for queer persons. The findings
demonstrate tendencies of homonationalism and ideological border-making in the CEAS due
to the utilization of queer identities in order to construct ideas of European citizenship vis a vis
homophobic ‘others’. This is also found due to how the EU is asserting its image as a queer
rights advocate, and the general saliency of queer rights in the policy documents.Os requerentes de asilo que procuram asilo queer sofrem discriminação e rejeição nas fronteiras europeias. A investigação estabeleceu que a União Europeia é contraditória na forma como se promove a si própria como uma organização queer-friendly, mas simultaneamente mantém um sistema de asilo inadequado para reconhecer as necessidades de asilo dos requerentes de asilo queer queer. Este estudo tem como objectivo enfrentar estas contradições. Especificamente, investiga como os requerentes de asilo queer são retratados no discurso do CEAS. Além disso, discute a forma como estes discursos contribuem para produzir homonacionalismo e ideias sobre as fronteiras ideológicas europeias. Para responder a estas questões, foi realizada uma Análise Discursivo Crítica dos documentos políticos centrais do CEAS. Foram identificadas cinco categorias temáticas no discurso: invisibilidade, invisibilidade - risco de ignorar, estigmatização, ambivalência e representação limitada. A análise demonstra várias tendências de heteronormatividade e homonormatividade, porque o CEAS não é capaz de reflectir a miríade de orientações sexuais e identidades de género que existe e as suas experiências únicas. Além disso, indica que o CEAS não é capaz de harmonizar as diferentes concepções de cidadania sexual em toda a UE, resultando num sistema de asilo não harmonizado para pessoas queer. Os resultados demonstram tendências de homonacionalismo e de criação de fronteiras ideológicas no CEAS devido à utilização de identidades queer para construir ideias de cidadania europeia face a um "outro" homofóbico. Isto também se encontra devido à forma como a UE está a afirmar a sua imagem como defensora dos direitos queer.
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Stehnová, Aneta. "Dopad kvalifikační směrnice na právní postavení uprchlíka v EU." Master's thesis, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-300171.
Full textAbstract:
An impact of the qualifying directive upon the position of a refugee in the EU - Abstract This thesis deals with an impact of the qualifying directive upon the position of a refugee in the EU. The purpose of the thesis is to analyse partial provisions of the directive1 and to explore their impact upon refugees and people with a status of subsidiary protection. Issues of asylum are being discussed a lot at this time with regard to thousands of people in need of an international protection. The thesis consists of introduction, five chapters and conclusion. The introduction determines subject matter of the thesis and factual situation of asylum in EU. Chapter one is divided into two subchapters. Subchapter one illustrates historical development of Common European Asylum System. Subchapter two outlines legal basis of the directive and it is divided into four parts. Chapter two is the most comprehensive. It explains conditions for an obtaining of refugee status in accordance with the direction. It contents five subchapters. Subchapter one focuses on definition of refugee which features person needs for obtaining refugee status. Subchapter two describes the term "well-founded fear of persecution" which is crucial for the definition. It consists of four parts and each of them deals with the specific aspects of the...
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Kahounová, Alžběta. "Dublinský systém jako součást azylového práva EU." Master's thesis, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-328578.
Full textAbstract:
The subject matter of my thesis is the Dublin system which includes the Council Regulation (EC) No 343/2003 of 18. February 2003 establishing the criteria and mechanisms for determining the Member State responsible for examining an asylum application lodged in one of the Member States by a third-country national and the Council Regulation (EC) No 2725/2000 of 11 December 2000 concerning the establishment of 'Eurodac' for the comparison of fingerprints for the effective application of the Dublin Convention. The aim of this thesis is to acquaint its readers, point out the shortcomings and benefits of the existing regulation and evaluate the application of both regulations. I was trying to explain the functioning of this system with the help of the cases of ECHR and CJEU. My thesis is divided into five chapters. In the first chapter, I focused on the development of a common European asylum system before the adoption of the Regulation and then also at the Regulation itself and the objectives it observes. The second chapter is devoted to the principles and criteria for determining the responsibility of the Member State to examine an asylum application. After I mentioned the general principles set out in the Regulation, I have dealt with the actual procedure of determining the Member State. There is also...
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Fernandes, Vanessa Patrícia de Brito. "European solidarity at crisis? : the case of the relocation decisions of 2015." Master's thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.14/27346.
Full text
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Magalhães, Patrícia Santos. "A União Europeia e a segurança humana: o caso dos refugiados sírios." Master's thesis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1822/42283.
Full textAbstract:
Dissertação de mestrado em Relações InternacionaisNo início do século XX registou-se uma profunda mudança no modo como a segurança é estudada e como é conceptualizada e projectada pela cultura estratégica e praxis dos Estados. Nesse sentido, tem-se vindo a assumir a necessária interdependência entre a segurança estatal e a segurança dos indivíduos e comunidades, para uma resposta eficaz perante as ameaças transnacionais. No âmbito dos Estudos Críticos de Segurança emergiu uma nova abordagem centrada nas pessoas – a Segurança Humana. O fim da Guerra Fria permitiu novos avanços no processo de integração da União Europeia (UE). A nova dinâmica das ameaças e a forma como são percecionadas levou os Estado-Membros a unirem-se de forma a encontrar meios e instrumentos comuns para lidar com essas ameaças transnacionais. Uma das dimensões que esta dissertação pretende questionar é se a abordagem da Segurança Humana pode ser orientado para o desenvolvimento de uma cultura de segurança da UE nos domínios interno e externo, assumindo-se uma interdependência entre ambos. Assim, a partir da análise da evolução da cooperação europeia nos domínios da segurança e do asilo pretende-se aferir o compromisso da UE e dos seus Estados-Membros para com a Segurança Humana e os avanços feitos em relação ao Sistema Europeu Comum de Asilo, tomando como estudo de caso a ação da União Europeia em prol dos refugiados sírios no período compreendido entre 2011 e 2015. Conclui-se que a União Europeia, embora não assumindo explicitamente no discurso a Segurança Humana, desenvolve ações a favor da proteção dos refugiados sírios demonstrativas de uma abordagem centrada na segurança das pessoas. No entanto, alcançar um sistema de segurança comum e um Sistema Europeu Comum de Asilo está dependente dos interesses dos Estados-Membros, e consequentemente também o compromisso da UE para com a Segurança Humana se encontra refém das estratégias nacionais.
In the mid-twentieth century, a profound change took place in how security was studied, as well as in the way it is conceptualized and designed by strategic culture and praxis of the States. In that sense, a necessary interdependence has gradually taken shape between State security and safety of individuals and communities to respond effectively to the transnational threats. Under the Security Studies Critics emerged a new approach focused on people - Human Security. The end of the Cold War allowed new advances in the integration process of the European Union (EU). The new dynamics of threats and how they are perceived, led the Member State to join in order to find ways and common tools to deal with these transnational threats. One of the dimensions that this dissertation intends to question is whether the approach of Human Security can be directed to the development of a security culture of the EU in domestic and foreign fields of security, assuming an interdependence between them. Thus, from the analysis of developments in European cooperation on security and asylum aims to assess the commitment of the EU and its Member States towards Human Security and the advances made in relation to the Common European Asylum System, taking as a case study the action of the European Union in support of Syrian refugees in the period between 2011 and 2015. It is concluded that the European Union, although not explicitly assuming the discourse Human Security, develops actions in favor of the protection of Syrian refugees demonstration of an approach focused on safety. However, achieving a common security system and a Common European Asylum System is dependent on the interests of the Member States, and therefore also the EU's commitment to Human Security is a hostage of national strategies.
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Malpique, Rita Lopes. "Crise de refugiados : o acolhimento de refugiados na União Europeia : uma análise crítica : 2011-2016." Master's thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.14/27348.
Full textAbstract:
Desde que a guerra na Síria começou em 2011 que as suas consequências e interesses
prosseguidos por diferentes países e grupos neste conflito têm estado na ordem do dia dos
temas internacionais. Com os fluxos de migrantes a aumentarem descontroladamente, tanto
para os países vizinhos como para a Europa, impõe-se uma resposta estruturada, global e
adequada ao problema.
Esta dissertação pretendeexaminar especificamente os mecanismos que a União
Europeia criou ou desenvolveu para gerir a crise de refugiados que cresceu no seu território,
em particular os de nacionalidade síria. Apontar-se-á ainda os casos da Suécia e da Hungria
enquanto exemplos da diferente postura e implementação das directivas e regulamentos
aprovados nas instituições europeias, de modo a sublinhar a falta de harmonização e
homogeneização sobre o tema entre os Estados-Membros.
Termina-se com uma análise das opções em cima da mesa para a União considerando os
seus poderes e a vontade dos seus membros.Since the Syrian war set out in 2011 that its consequences and interests pursued by different countries and groups in this conflict have been part of the international agenda. With the significant increase of the migration flows in its neighbour countries and in Europe, the urge for a structured, global and adequate solution arises. This dissertation intends to examine the mecanisms created or developed by the European Union to manage the refugee crisis, particularly those directed to syrian nationals. Furthermore, the cases of Sweden and Hungary will be pointed out as examples of the different posture and implementation of the european directives and regulations and so emphasising the lack of harmonization and homogenisation on this issue among member states. We will conclude with an analysis of the options on the table taking into account the powers of the Union and the will of the european countries.
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Loureiro, Dominique André Pereira de. "O Sistema Europeu Comum de Asilo: A Consagração da União ou o Pomo da Discórdia ?" Master's thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10316/85759.
Full textAbstract:
Dissertação de Mestrado em Direito: Especialidade em Ciências Juridico-Forenses apresentada à Faculdade de DireitoThe purpose of the current dissertation is to study the historical evolution of the CommonEuropean Asylum System, as well as three of the most important legal instruments thatcurrently comprise it, ie the Dublin III Regulation, the ‘Refugee Qualification’ Directive andthe ' Asylum Procedures' Directive. In order to better understand the problem in question, itwill first of be necessary to carry out a detailed analysis of this System as a whole, from itsinception to the present day. It will then be appropriate to look more closely at the outlinesof each of the Directives and Regulation addressed, crossing the legislative progressachieved by the contributions of the Court of Justice of the European Union and theEuropean Court of Human Rights, without forgetting the recommendations made by theUnited Nations High Commissioner for Refugees and the European Council for Refugeesand Exiles, as well as other institutions and non-governmental organizations.The purpose of the current dissertation is to study the historical evolution of the CommonEuropean Asylum System, as well as three of the most important legal instruments thatcurrently comprise it, ie the Dublin III Regulation, the ‘Refugee Qualification’ Directive andthe ' Asylum Procedures' Directive. In order to better understand the problem in question, itwill first of be necessary to carry out a detailed analysis of this System as a whole, from itsinception to the present day. It will then be appropriate to look more closely at the outlinesof each of the Directives and Regulation addressed, crossing the legislative progressachieved by the contributions of the Court of Justice of the European Union and theEuropean Court of Human Rights, without forgetting the recommendations made by theUnited Nations High Commissioner for Refugees and the European Council for Refugeesand Exiles, as well as other institutions and non-governmental organizations.
A presente dissertação tem como objecto de estudo a evolução histórica do Sistema EuropeuComum de Asilo, bem como três dos mais importantes instrumentos jurídicos queactualmente o compõem, i.e., O Regulamento de Dublim III, a Directiva «Qualificação deRefugiado» e a Directiva «Procedimentos de Asilo». De forma a melhor compreender aproblemática em causa, será, antes de mais, essencial proceder-se a uma análise detalhadadeste Sistema enquanto um todo, desde a sua génese até à actualidade. Seguidamente,afigurar-se-á pertinente ver mais de perto os contornos de cada uma das Directivas eRegulamento abordadas, cruzando os progressos legislativos atingidos com os contributosjurisprudenciais do Tribunal de Justiça da União Europeia e do Tribunal Europeu dosDireitos do Homem, sem esquecer as recomendações efectuadas pelo Alto Comissariado dasNações Unidas para os Refugiados e pelo Conselho Europeu para os Refugiados e Exilados,assim como outras instituições e Organizações Não Governamentais.A presente dissertação tem como objecto de estudo a evolução histórica do Sistema EuropeuComum de Asilo, bem como três dos mais importantes instrumentos jurídicos queactualmente o compõem, i.e., O Regulamento de Dublim III, a Directiva «Qualificação deRefugiado» e a Directiva «Procedimentos de Asilo». De forma a melhor compreender aproblemática em causa, será, antes de mais, essencial proceder-se a uma análise detalhadadeste Sistema enquanto um todo, desde a sua génese até à actualidade. Seguidamente,afigurar-se-á pertinente ver mais de perto os contornos de cada uma das Directivas eRegulamento abordadas, cruzando os progressos legislativos atingidos com os contributosjurisprudenciais do Tribunal de Justiça da União Europeia e do Tribunal Europeu dosDireitos do Homem, sem esquecer as recomendações efectuadas pelo Alto Comissariado dasNações Unidas para os Refugiados e pelo Conselho Europeu para os Refugiados e Exilados,assim como outras instituições e Organizações Não Governamentais.
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Bartalová, Edina. "Azylová politika a integrace uprchlíků zemí V 4 1989-2015." Master's thesis, 2019. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-393043.
Full textAbstract:
Following the political changes induced by the fall of the Communist regimes across Eastern Europe, the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Hungary and Poland embarked on the road of economic liberalization and democratization. This process was formally concluded with the so-called Visegrád countries' accession to the EU in 2004. However, in relation to the refugee crisis the Visegrád countries emerged within the EU united in their opposition to comply with the so- called mandatory refugee relocation scheme. The position of the Visegrád countries evoked not only significant media attention but also academic inquiry on the securitization of asylum policies in the Visegrád region. This research analyses the Europeanisation of the asylum policies in the Visegrád countries in three periods: 1. the early years of democratic development 2. The harmonization of policies leading up to EU accession and 3. The development of related policies after EU accession. The Europeanisation of asylum policies coincide with the development of the Common European Asylum System and the deepening of EU legislative powers in the field of asylum policy. The author concluded that the field of integration policy where Member States retain significant authority has become a strict control mechanism of limiting displaced person access to...
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Sotelo, Luz Maria. "L’harmonisation du droit d’asile dans l’Union Européenne : de Tampere à Stockholm." Thèse, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/4788.
Full textAbstract:
Ce mémoire concerne le droit d’asile dans l’Union Européenne. Il s’agit non seulement d’une analyse législative de la mise en œuvre d’une politique européenne commune d’asile issue de la création de l’espace de liberté, sécurité et justice établi par le Traité d’Amsterdam, mais aussi de l’évaluation du niveau d’harmonisation atteint par cette politique au sein de l’Union, et enfin d’une réflexion sur la relation entre le processus de mise en œuvre de la politique commune d’asile d’une part, et le respect des droits fondamentaux des chercheurs et des demandeurs de la protection internationale par les États Membres et la Communauté d’autre part.This thesis relates to the right of asylum in the European Union. It is not only a legislative analysis on the implementation of the Common European Asylum System as a consequence of the creation of an area of freedom, security and justice by the Amsterdam Treaty, but also it is an assessment of the harmonization level that this Common European Asylum System has reached within the EU, and finally it is an appraisal of the relationship between the implementation of this Common European Asylum System on one side and the respect for human rights of asylum seekers and international protection seekers by Member States and by the Community on the other side.
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Čauševič, Azra. "Úprava azylového práva po vstupu Lisabonské smlouvy v platnost." Master's thesis, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-311151.
Full textAbstract:
The aim of the thesis is to analyse asylum law of the European Union with focus on the changes, which introduced the Treaty of Lisbon. The paper describes development of the EU asylum law, establishing of the Common European Asylum System (CAES) and changes that Lisbon Treaty introduced in comparison with the former regulation. The text also deals with the right to asylum, which is established in the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the EU. The thesis is divided into 7 chapters. In the first part of the paper the author follows historical development of the asylum law of the European Union and beginning of the harmonization until adoption of the Amsterdam Treaty. The second chapter is dedicated to the establishment of the CAES, which more than 10 years ago became main priority of the asylum policy of the EU and which aims to harmonize asylum laws of the Member States and therefore ensure a unified application not only of international, but also of European legislation from this area. Recent major changes in the structure and functioning of the European Union, which were introduced by the Lisbon Treaty, are in general outlined in the third chapter of this paper. Detailed description of changes is presented in the next chapter, which is divided into section according to the institutions. Each...