Relevant bibliographies by topics / Common tariff

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Common tariff'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 5 June 2025
Last updated: 2 August 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "Common tariff"

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Sweeney, Richard. "Tariffs and welfare: A common, invalid anti-tariff argument." Economics and Business Review 9, no. 1 (2023): 5–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.18559/ebr.2023.1.1.

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President Trump imposed tariffs in 2017 on several of China’s exports, notably steel. Many papers opposed these tariffs by using a common, invalid argument: rather than arguing these tariffs reduced U.S. welfare, they argue U.S. consumers and businesses pay the tariffs, a different, rhetorical issue. Their main evidence of harm is increases in imported goods’ after-tariff U.S. prices, especially relativeto other goods’ U.S. prices. In a standard, small general equilibrium model (two countries, two goods, two factors), this price evidence is wholly ambiguous—it is even consistent with the view
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AZEVEDO, ANDRÉ FILIPE ZAGO DE. "Mercosur: ambitious policies, poor practices." Brazilian Journal of Political Economy 24, no. 4 (2004): 594–612. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0101-35172004-1604.

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ABSTRACT Mercosur has achieved important advances like the removal of intra- bloc tariff and non-tariff barriers and the establishment of a common external tariff for most products. However, its ambitious plans to deepen the integration process comprising harmonisation of policies in areas like competition policy, government procurement, technical barriers and phytosanitary measures have not been implemented yet. This paper examines Mercosur policies in relation to tariffs and other non-tariff barriers comparing them with their implementation, in order to examine the extent to which the propos
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Ehrlich, Sean D. "How Common is the Common External Tariff?" European Union Politics 10, no. 1 (2009): 115–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1465116508099763.

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Tuktarov, Y. E., S. V. Dubinchina, and E. I. Patynskaya. "Private investments in heat supply: proposals to amend tariff regulation in order to stimulate investments in heat supply." Russian competition law and economy, no. 2 (June 30, 2018): 36–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.32686/2542-0259-2018-2-36-46.

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The following article reads about the most common problems of interpretation by the regulator of tariff regulation, as well as highly demanded amendments to tariff regulation which can promote investments in heat supply sector. The research is based on the international and Russian practices of PPPs in utilities. Authors conclude that comprehensive regulation of tariffs for operator’s services is one of the key elements of concession project’s investment potential in the international practice.
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Rahman, Muhammad Emil, Bonar M. Sinaga, NFN Harianto, and Sri Hery Susilowati. "KEBIJAKAN DUKUNGAN DOMESTIK UNTUK MENETRALISIR DAMPAK NEGATIF PENURUNAN TARIF IMPOR TERHADAP INDUSTRI GULA INDONESIA." Jurnal Agro Ekonomi 36, no. 2 (2019): 91. http://dx.doi.org/10.21082/jae.v36n2.2018.91-112.

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<strong>English</strong><br />Reduction toward elimination of import tariffs for all tradable products is a common modality of international trade agreements. Although it may be beneficial for reducing retail prices, import tariff reduction could create some negative impacts on farming, farmers’ welfare, and agro-processing industries. One of the most immediate impacts to anticipate is import tariff reduction on sugar. Accordingly, this study aims to formulate domestic support policy mix for neutralizing the negative impacts of sugar import tariff reduction on the Indonesian
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Z. A., Usoltseva. "Enforcement of Judgements, Recognizing Legal Tariff Regulations as Invalid." Rossijskoe pravosudie, no. 10 (September 27, 2021): 53–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.37399/issn2072-909x.2021.10.53-58.

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The article deals with issues related to the execution of court judgements issued in cases of challenging regulatory legal acts that establish tariffs (prices). The author comes to the conclusion that the execution of court's decisions on the recognition of tariff normative legal acts as invalid includes the publication of such decisions, the cancellation of the record of registration of the tariff act recognized by the court as invalid, and the judicial control over the adoption of a replacement regulatory tariff act by the authority or official who established an illegal tariff (if the court
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WANG, Mou. "International Governance on Carbon Tariff and Its Vacuum in International Regime." Chinese Journal of Urban and Environmental Studies 01, no. 01 (2013): 1350008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2345748113500085.

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Drawing on the idea that countries are eligible to implement differentiated emission reduction policies based on their respective capabilities, some parties of UNFCCC attempt to weaken the principle of “Common but differentiated responsibilities(CBDR)” and impose carbon tariff on international trade. This initiative is in fact another camouflage to burden developing countries with emission cut obligation, which has no doubt undermined the development rights of developing countries. This paper defines Carbon Tariff as border measures that target import goods with embodied carbon emission. It ca
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WANG, Mou, Wen ZHANG, and Junyan LIU. "Disguised Carbon Tariff: Concept and Its Governance." Chinese Journal of Urban and Environmental Studies 02, no. 02 (2014): 1450017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2345748114500171.

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Carbon tariff is a trade issue that is of great concern among the international community. The South and the North have big disputes on this issue because of the trade interests attached to it. Developing countries oppose to almost any policies and measures concerning carbon tariff. Hence, some countries seek alternative approaches to achieve similar effects of carbon tariff through more covert technical approaches, such as setting up production standards, carbon labeling, etc. This paper summarizes these covert approaches as "disguised carbon tariff", and defines them as policies and measures
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Dolmatov, I. A., I. YU Zolotova, and I. V. Maskaev. "New tariff regulation for natural monopolies: what should it be?" Strategic decisions and risk management, no. 4-5 (October 29, 2017): 30–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.17747/2078-8886-2017-4-5-30-37.

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For the last several years, the Russian Federation has been artificially restraining the growth of tariffs for the services of natural monopolies. A simple decision, which is taken hastily a few years ago as a short-term anti-crisis measure, has every chance of becoming a "solution" for many years to come. The authors attempt to analyze the short-term and long-term effects of the tariff regulation and present the results obtained in the framework of the basic research program of the Higher School of Economics on the impact of tariffs in the energy sector on the main macroeconomic indicators, m
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Napierała, Michał. "A Study on Improving Economy Efficiency of Pumping Stations Based on Tariff Changes." Energies 15, no. 3 (2022): 799. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15030799.

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In this paper, research on improving the economic efficiency of 38 drainage pumping stations was undertaken. Particular attention was paid to the effectiveness of activities without considering any expenditures. Energy costs for this type of machine are usually high, approximately 45% of the total maintenance cost. The main assumption of this work was the selection of appropriate energy tariffs to reduce operating costs. Liquid transport in any economy consumes significant amounts of electricity, estimated at 20–30% of the total electricity production. The optimization of the energy consumptio
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Common tariff"

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Melatos, Mark. "Modelling Regional Trade Agreements." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/486.

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In the last twenty years, regional trade agreements have proliferated. These have usually taken the form of customs unions (CUs) or free trade areas (FTAs). This thesis concentrates mostly on the formation and behaviour of CUs. Union members levy a common external tariff (CET) on non-members. Existing theoretical models, however, do not agree on how the CET rate is chosen. Every model imposes a different choice rule exogenously. In this thesis, for the first time, plausible choice rules, based on the CU's social welfare function, are derived endogenously. The strategic behaviou
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Melatos, Mark. "Modelling Regional Trade Agreements." University of Sydney. Economics and Political Science, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/486.

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In the last twenty years, regional trade agreements have proliferated. These have usually taken the form of customs unions (CUs) or free trade areas (FTAs). This thesis concentrates mostly on the formation and behaviour of CUs. Union members levy a common external tariff (CET) on non-members. Existing theoretical models, however, do not agree on how the CET rate is chosen. Every model imposes a different choice rule exogenously. In this thesis, for the first time, plausible choice rules, based on the CU's social welfare function, are derived endogenously. The strategic behaviou
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Mayol, Alexandre. "Essais sur les déterminants et l'efficacité de la tarification des services publics : une application aux évolutions du secteur de l'eau potable en France." Thesis, Paris 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA01E046/document.

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La présente thèse propose une étude théorique et empirique des déterminants de la tarification des services publics et de leurs conditions d’efficacité. La prise en compte des enjeux environnementaux et sociaux, le déploiement des réseaux intelligents et la contrainte forte de maîtrise des coûts ont conduit à la mise en œuvre de nouvelles pratiques en matière tarifaire et organisationnelle dans les services publics. Cette thèse propose trois essais consacrés à l’impact de ces nouvelles pratiques dans l’eau potable en France. Dans un premier temps, nous analysons le passage d’un tarif affine à
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Delenda, Arnaud. "Théorie des jeux et enchères : comment partager et tarifer au milieu des ressources entre des agents économiques : application aux réseaux arborescents et jeux en communication." Rennes 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008REN1S053.

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Cette thèse s'intéresse aux mécanismes d'enchères au second prix pour le partage et la tarification de ressources rares. Les enchères au second prix possèdent de nombreuses propriétés remarquables: admissibilité, compatibilité d'incitation, efficacité et rationalité individuelle. Après avoir exposé et analysé la référence actuelle dans ce domaine, les enchères PSP, nous avons mis en exergue les nombreux écueils de cette règle. Nous avons introduit une nouvelle règle, les enchères NISP, qui rapportent plus au vendeur, sont plus rapides, plus simples à implémenter et allègent le trafic de signal
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Gnimpieba, Tonnang Edouard. "DROIT MATERIEL ET INTEGRATION SOUS REGIONALE EN AFRIQUE CENTRALE : CONTRIBUTION A L'ETUDE DU DROIT COMMUNAUTAIRE DE LA COMMUNAUTE ECONOMIQUE ET MONETAIRE DE L'AFRIQUE CENTRALE (CEMAC)." Phd thesis, Université de Nice Sophia-Antipolis, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00441405.

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L'échec de l'UDEAC et des politiques communes destinées à réaliser l'union douanière entre les Etats de l'Afrique centrale a poussé ces derniers à remettre en question toutes les politiques d'intégration économique engagées depuis leur accession à la souveraineté internationale. L'analyse des causes de cet échec les a ainsi conduit non à abandonner l'idéal communautaire, mais à relancer ce dernier sur de nouvelles bases, dans l'objectif de mettre en place, à moyen terme, un marché commun au sein duquel la libre circulation des facteurs de production ainsi qu'une saine et loyale concurrence ent
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Mendes, Andr? Lu?z Barbosa. "Coopera??o em sag?is comuns callithrix jacchus: condi??es e restri??es." Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2010. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/17210.

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Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:36:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 AndreLBM_DISSERT.pdf: 1779818 bytes, checksum: 62dcf6f324fa9f364c87ce6105fee4f5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-11-13<br>The cooperative behavior is no longer a dilemma for the theory of evolution, since there are models that explain the evolution of this behavior by means of natural selection at the individual level. However, there have been few studies on the proximal factors that interfere with cooperative behavior. In the study of the influence of cognition on cooperation, many authors have been interested in si
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Kinuthia, Wanyee. "“Accumulation by Dispossession” by the Global Extractive Industry: The Case of Canada." Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/30170.

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This thesis draws on David Harvey’s concept of “accumulation by dispossession” and an international political economy (IPE) approach centred on the institutional arrangements and power structures that privilege certain actors and values, in order to critique current capitalist practices of primitive accumulation by the global corporate extractive industry. The thesis examines how accumulation by dispossession by the global extractive industry is facilitated by the “free entry” or “free mining” principle. It does so by focusing on Canada as a leader in the global extractive industry and the spr
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ASBEEK, BRUSSE Wendy. "West European tariff plans, 1947-1957 : from study group to Common Market." Doctoral thesis, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/5708.

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Defence date: 23 May 1991<br>Examining board: Prof. R.T. Griffiths (supervisor) ; Prof. J. Pelkmans (second supervisor) ; Prof. G. Gerbet ; Prof. P. Hertner ; Prof. A.S. Milward<br>PDF of thesis uploaded from the Library digitised archive of EUI PhD theses completed between 2013 and 2017
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Togashi, Janis Y. "Effective protection in Indonesia and the impacts of the common effective preferential tariff (CEPT) scheme." Thesis, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/10125/9654.

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Akalpler, Ergin. "The Impact of the Support System of the CAP on Free Trade in the Light of the Turkey's EU Membership." Thesis, 2006. http://epub.wu.ac.at/1924/1/document.pdf.

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The objective of this study is to measure the level of the European Union's (EU) Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) price support system (PSS) applied to producers in the EU-15 and in Turkey. The producer subsidy estimate (PSE) method has been used to determine protection levels for selected cereal products from the beginning of the application of the PSE method in 1986 to date. In addition, this study attempts to examine the empirical findings of the PSE in the light of CAP reforms and EU enlargements during the period 1986- 2003. The expected contribution of this study is to determine which su
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Books on the topic "Common tariff"

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Secretariat, Caribbean Community, ed. Common external tariff of the Caribbean Common Market: An explanation of its scope and operational features. CARICOM, 1990.

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United States. Interstate Commerce Commission., ed. Tariff instructional manual to motor common carriers. Interstate Commerce Commission, 1985.

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Bandyopadhyay, Subhayu. Political asymmetry and common external tariff in a customs union. Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis, 2007.

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Malaysia and MDC Sdn Bhd, eds. CEPT (goods of Asean countries origin) (common effective preferential tariff), 1995-2003. 2nd ed. MDC Publishers Printers, 1996.

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C, Folmer, ed. The common agricultural policy beyond the Macsharry reform. Elsevier, 1995.

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Preferential Trade Area of Eastern and Southern African States., ed. The common list: Commodities to be traded under preferential treatment within the PTA subregion. PTA, 1986.

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Obstfeld, Maurice. The six major puzzles in international macroeconomics: Is there a common cause? National Bureau of Economic Research, 2000.

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Engel, Charles. Comments on Obstfeld and Rogoff's "The six major puzzles in international macroeconomics: Is there a common cause?". National Bureau of Economic Research, 2000.

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Philippines. President (1992-1998 : Ramos). Philippine schedule of tariff concessions under the common effective preferentiall tariff (CEPT) scheme for the ASEAN free trade area (AFTA): Executive Order no. 145. Philippine Tariff Commission, 1994.

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Limited, Eurotariff (Great Britain), ed. The customs tariff of the European communities: Harmonised system, the common customs tariff, preferential duties : details of additional taxes applied by the member states. Eurotariff, 1988.

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Book chapters on the topic "Common tariff"

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Kerikmäe, Tanel, and Sandra Särav. "Article 31 [Common Customs Tariff]." In Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union - A Commentary. Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-43511-0_32.

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Coulibaly, Massa, and Balla Keita. "Common External Tariff (CET) and Targeting the Poor in Mali." In Wealth through Integration. Springer New York, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-4415-2_13.

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Zigah, Elias, Mamadou Barry, and Anna Creti. "Are Mini-Grid Projects in Tanzania Financially Sustainable?" In Energiepolitik und Klimaschutz. Energy Policy and Climate Protection. Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-38215-5_10.

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AbstractWhile it is commonly acknowledged that mini-grids are the new pathway to bridging the high electricity access deficit in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), comparably few studies have assessed how existing regulations and tariff policies in SSA affect their potentials to attract the number of private investments required to scale-up deployments. Private investors’ participation is particularly crucial to meet the annual electrification investment needs of $120 billons in SSA. We study the regulatory framework, the tariff structure, and the subsidy schemes for mini-grids in Tanzania. Additionall
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Ong, Corinne, Cecilia Tortajada, and Ojasvee Arora. "Economic Instruments." In SpringerBriefs on Case Studies of Sustainable Development. Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-8677-2_6.

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AbstractWater users’ consumption behaviour may be influenced via economic means such as by offering financial rewards and/or imposing monetary costs. The three most commonly used types of economic instruments are tariff structuring, water rebates, and fines for excessive use. Tariff mechanisms are the most commonly used economic instrument for WDM in ASEAN where several major cities have implemented an increasing block tariff (IBT) system.
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Francois, Joe. "Comment: the Effects of Tariff Liberalizations and Preference Erosion." In Coping with Trade Reforms. Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230377806_3.

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Kraus, Christiane. "The Role of Tariffs in Protecting Global Environmental Commons." In Import Tariffs as Environmental Policy Instruments. Springer Netherlands, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-9614-5_7.

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Coulibaly, Massa, and Balla Keita. "Tarif Extérieur Commun (TEC) et ciblage des pauvres au Mali." In S’intégrer pour s’enrichir. Springer New York, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-1234-2_13.

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Gormley, Laurence W. "The Common Customs Tariff." In EU Law of Free Movement of Goods and Customs Union. Oxford University PressOxford, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199229000.003.0002.

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Abstract The major characteristic of the customs union, as far as imports from third countries are concerned, is the Common Customs Tariff (CCT) which is now to be found in the integrated Community Tariff, the Taric (which uses the new Combined Nomenclature (CN) for customs and statistical purposes with additional Community sub-headings) in accordance with Council Regulation 2658/87,and is designed to permit the tariff developments negotiated in the World Customs Organization to be brought into the Community system.
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Erlbacher, Friedrich, and Rudolf Moegele. "Article 144 Tariff quotas." In Single Common Market Organisation. Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/9783845266466-675.

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Erlbacher, Friedrich, and Rudolf Moegele. "Article 145 Opening of tariff quotas." In Single Common Market Organisation. Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/9783845266466-675-1.

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Conference papers on the topic "Common tariff"

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Kuanyshbayev, Zhaken. "Definitions of The Tariff between Dostyk St. (Kazakhstan) – Mannheim Industry and Hafen St. (Germany)." In 14th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2023). AHFE International, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1003737.

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The article deals with the issue of determining the tariff for freight transportation along the route Dostyk station (Kazakhstan) - Mannheim Industry Hafen station (Germany) on the basis of the Common Transit Tariff (ETT) methodology under the scheme with a tariff break and under the through shoulder scheme. A method for determining the tariff based on the supranational currency EvroNur is proposed. The effectiveness of the use of supranational currency in the organization of international freight traffic is clearly shown.
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Mojsovska, Silvana, and Predrag Bjelic. "NON-TARIFF MEASURES IN CEFTA 2006: PERSPECTIVES OF NORTH MACEDONIA AND SERBIA." In Economic and Business Trends Shaping the Future. Ss Cyril and Methodius University, Faculty of Economics-Skopje, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.47063/ebtsf.2022.0019.

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This article addresses non-tariff measures applied in CEFTA 2006, analysed specifically from the perspective of two Parties – North Macedonia and Serbia. It provides insight into the business community’s views in each country with regard to the non-tariff measures noted in their trade within CEFTA, as well as comparison of the Macedonian and Serbian case of imposing, addressing and overcoming the non-tariff measures. The article derives on the findings of the empirical research conducted in parallel in both countries in June-August 2021 within the framework of the EU Funded GIZ Project: Suppor
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Barak, Osman, and Murat Doğanay. "The Effects of the Kazakhstan-Russia-Belarus Customs Union on Turkey’s Exports and on Turkish Investors in Kazakhstan." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c03.00397.

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The customs union is a model of economic integration which is composed of free trade area among the participant countries with a common external tariff. The participant countries generally set up common external trade policy. Main establishing purposes of customs union are increasing economic efficiency, improving the global competitiveness and establishing closer political and cultural ties between the member countries. This paper analyses the concept and effects of customs union, the agreement of Bel EurAsEC Customs Union and how this agreements effects Turkish investors in Kazakhstan and ex
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Arsić, Miloš, and Sonja Ketin. "Analysis of the basic groups of the market organization model of public city passenger transportation systems." In Ekološko inženjerstvo - mesto i uloga, stanje i budući razvoj (16). Union of Engineers of Belgrade, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/eko-eng24020a.

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Depending on the importance of JGPP in the transport system of the city and region, as well as the economic potential of local, regional and state institutions responsible for monitoring the work and supporting the performance of public transport activities, the models of organizing and managing the market of the JGPP system vary. In general, there is no formula for the optimal model of connection of local companies for the performance of JGPP activities, in the field of organization, management, current business and development, in the technical-technological and economic-financial sense. Alt
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Bahçe, Abdullah Burhan, and Hatice Dayar. "Dimensions of Informality in Transition Economies and Solutions." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c05.00945.

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In most of the former Soviet economies with the start of transformation, revenue loss and lax payments discipline led to low revenue sharing, as well as inefficient tax collection and tax avoidance is common as a major problem has affected economies in transition. In this study, central and Eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union transition countries experienced in tax payments discipline and collection issues are dealt with and a socialist state transformation to a capitalist state in the transition to a market economy from a centrally planned economy with the sustainability of budgetary c
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Zhang, Hao, Fu Zhao, and John W. Sutherland. "Manufacturing Scheduling for Energy Cost Reduction in a Smart Grid Scenario." In ASME 2014 International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference collocated with the JSME 2014 International Conference on Materials and Processing and the 42nd North American Manufacturing Research Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/msec2014-3926.

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The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate the feasibility of reducing electricity cost for a manufacturing factory through scheduling in a smart grid scenario while maintaining production throughput. Different from traditional rate structure, electricity price of smart grid is time varying and dependent on the total demand. The most common strategy for a factory to reduce electricity cost is to shift electricity usage from on-peak hours to off-peak hours. However, changes in manufacturing schedules affect power demand and electricity price. Moreover, a manufacturing process cannot be interru
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Sa´nchez, D., H. Frej, J. M. Mun˜oz de Escalona, R. Chacartegui, and T. Sa´nchez. "Alternative Approach to Determining the Preferred Plant Size of Parabolic Trough CSP Power Plants." In ASME 2011 Turbo Expo: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2011-46585.

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The share of Concentrated Solar Power plants in power generation has increased significantly in the last decade due to the need to develop and deploy clean technologies that help reduce the carbon footprint of the power generation industry and, at the same time, are less voracious in terms of fossil fuel consumption. As a governmental support to promote the installation of solar plants, different incentives are found in most countries: complementary rates to the market price of electricity (premium), tax credits, financial support, long term power purchase agreements and, in general, other mec
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Uktamovna, Mamadjanova Maftunahon. "EPITET TARIXI VA NAZARIYASIGA BIR NAZAR." In TEACHING FOREIGN LANGUAGES IN THE CONTEXT OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT: BEST PRACTICES, PROBLEMS AND OPPORTUNITIES. ISCRC, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/geo-25.

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This article deals with the problem of defining epithet in linguistics. There is no common interpretation of the term epithet, moreover, scientists doubt whether it is a trope or just a stylistic device. The absence of a single interpretation of the concept does not allow to characterize the use of the epithet in speech. The aim of the work is to study the theory of the epithet, in particular, the interpretation of the concept in Uzbek, Russian and foreign linguistics.
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Edigson, Perez Bedoya. "The Indexation of tariffs in the Colombian Energetic Sector and impact in a common energetic market in Latin America." In Latin American/Caribbean Gas & Electricity Congress. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/38222-ms.

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Glatzmaier, Greg C., and Craig S. Turchi. "Supercritical CO2 as a Heat Transfer and Power Cycle Fluid for CSP Systems." In ASME 2009 3rd International Conference on Energy Sustainability collocated with the Heat Transfer and InterPACK09 Conferences. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2009-90332.

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Concentrating Solar Power (CSP) utilizes solar thermal energy to drive a thermal power cycle for the generation of electricity. CSP technologies include parabolic trough, linear Fresnel, central receiver or “power tower,” and dish/engine systems. The parabolic trough is the most common system with nine Solar Electric Generating Stations (SEGS) operating in southern California for over two decades and new plants online in Nevada and Spain. The resurgent interest in CSP has been driven by renewable portfolio standards in southwestern states and renewable energy feed-in tariffs in Spain. CSP has
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Reports on the topic "Common tariff"

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Bandyopadhyay, Subhayu, Sajal Lahiri, and Suryadipta Roy. Political Asymmetry and Common External Tariff in a Customs Union. Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.20955/wp.2007.038.

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Bandyopadhyay, Subhayu, and Sajal Lahiri. Lobbying for a Common External Tariff from inside and out. Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.20955/wp.2012.061.

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Bandyopadhyay, Subhayu, Sajal Lahiri, and Suryadipta Roy. Enlargement and Common External Tariff in a Political-Economic Model of Customs Union. Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.20955/wp.2008.022.

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Laens, Silvia, and María Inés Terra. MERCOSUR: Asymmetries and Strengthening of the Customs Union: Options for the Common External Tariff. Inter-American Development Bank, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0011148.

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The enforcement of the MERCOSUR as an imperfect customs union is determined by the existence of a Common External Tariff (CET) which has not been fully applied up to this moment. The smallest countries in the MERCOSUR are more open, more specialized and a larger share of their total trade is intrabloc. Their integration to the MERCOSUR deeply affected their external relations and their output composition. On the contrary, for the largest countries, especially Brazil, their integration to the MERCOSUR has had much less impact on production and trade. The objective of this paper is to assess the
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Navajas, Fernando. Electricity Rate Structure Design in Latin America: Where Do We Stand? Where Should We Go? Inter-American Development Bank, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0005102.

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This paper reviews some critical issues for addressing the structure of electricity tariffs for ulterior purposes of policy research agenda. Starting from economic principles behind electricity tariff design, this paper asks what options ahead Latin America has in terms of improving electricity tariff design from a heterogeneous status quo, where trade-offs among cost recovery, cost reflectivity and affordability stand out. Options look like an avenue for improving cost recovery through better wholesale market design and regulation; move outside excess volumetric pricing and towards fixed and
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Fernández Monge, Ernesto. Trade Policy Scope and Taxation Study in Belize. Inter-American Development Bank, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0009147.

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The Technical Note provides an overview of the trends in Belize's tariff structure over recent years, in particular its trade policy, commitments and obligations, the tax revenue implications, and the scope for policy implementation. Specifically, it assesses the country's level of compliance with CARICOM commitments, such as the application of the common external tariff, and outlines and analyzes Belize's trade agreement obligations and their timing and impact with respect to fiscal incentives. It provides policy recommendations and alternatives for compliance with Belize's international trad
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Kawecka-Wyrzykowska, Elzbieta. How to Establish the Customs Union?: Experience of the European Communities. Inter-American Development Bank, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0006753.

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This presentation was commissioned by the Trade and Integration Network of the Regional Policy Dialogue for the Subregional Central America Meeting celebrated on June 13th and 14th, 2005 in San Salvador, El Salvador. This presentation covers the common customs tariff (CCT); other barriers on imports; trade coverage and trade liberalization in the Customs Union (CU);and experience of Poland joining the European Union (EU).
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Barajas and George. PR-015-05600-R01 Assessment of Sampling Systems for Monitoring Water Vapor in Natural Gas Streams. Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0011197.

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Research has been conducted to assess the usefulness of various sampling and delivery methods in transporting a representative sample of a natural gas stream for analysis of moisture content. Three sampling configurations commonly used by the natural gas industry were evaluated, including a sample system with a regulated probe heated above ambient conditions, the same system held at a constant temperature simulating ambient conditions, and a heated sample system incorporating a membrane filter. Each configuration was used to transport samples of distribution-quality natural gas with levels of
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Guzmán, Eduardo Alonso. Central American Report No. 1 (2000). Inter-American Development Bank, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0008590.

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The Central American Common Market (CACM) comprises Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras and Nicaragua, the signatories of the General Treaty on Economic Integration in 1960. The basic pattern of economic integration in Central America was based on a free trade area, with a common external tariff and standardized customs rules, a preferential payments system that operated until the start of the 1980s, and a scheme for the subregional coordination of economic policy. This annual report aims to facilitate access to information for a broad potential readership interested in the Central Am
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Suominen, Kati, and Antoni Estevadeordal. Rules of Origin in FTAs in Europe and in the Americas: Issues and Implications for the EU-Mercosur Inter-Regional Association Agreement. Inter-American Development Bank, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0011087.

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Rules of origin (RoO) are a central topic both in the Inter-Regional Association Agreement negotiations between the European Union (EU) and the Southern Common Market (Mercosur), and in the 34-country negotiations of the Free Trade Area of the Americas (FTAA). The purpose of this paper is to provide a detailed mapping of the different rules of origin regimes in FTAs in Europe and the Americas, and to draw lessons from these regimes to the EU-Mercosur RoO negotiations, in particular. The paper offers four recommendations. First, the EU¿s standardized RoO regime will play a central role in the E
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