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Journal articles on the topic 'Commons-based peer production'

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Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 9 June 2025

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Benkler, Yochai, and Helen Nissenbaum. "Commons-based Peer Production and Virtue." Journal of Political Philosophy 14, no. 4 (December 2006): 394–419. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9760.2006.00235.x.

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Bauwens, Michel, and Alekos Pantazis. "The ecosystem of commons-based peer production and its transformative dynamics." Sociological Review 66, no. 2 (March 2018): 302–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0038026118758532.

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This essay discusses peer-to-peer social dynamics and the relevant technological infrastructures that enable new modes of production. Commons-based peer production is presented as an alternative to the profit-driven peer-to-peer production models of the digital economy. The latter models utilize the peer-to-peer dynamics to harness social creativity, collaboration and information sharing. The created value is then captured and valorized towards profit maximization. This essay argues that there are possibilities for moving away from such extractive models to more generative ones. Commons-based peer production seems to encapsulate both social and environmental sustainability, and thus has the potential to influence such a transition. As commons-based peer production cannot yet reproduce itself outside of a mutual dependence on capitalism, it risks being subordinated. To counter this, a commons-oriented solid and protective ecosystem is needed to fully unleash the creative capabilities of commons-based peer production.

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Papadimitropoulos, Vangelis. "Commons-Based Peer Production in the Work of Yochai Benkler." tripleC: Communication, Capitalism & Critique. Open Access Journal for a Global Sustainable Information Society 16, no. 2 (October 11, 2018): 835–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.31269/triplec.v16i2.1009.

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Yochai Benkler defines commons-based peer production as a non-market sector of information, knowledge and cultural production, which is not treated as private property but as an ethic of open sharing and co-operation, and is largely enhanced by the Internet and free/open source software. This paper makes the case that there is a tension between Benkler’s liberal commitments and his anarchistic vision of the commons. Benkler limits the scope of commons-based peer production to the immaterial production of the digital commons, while paradoxically envisaging the control of the world economy by the commons. This paradox reflects a deeper lacuna in his work, revealing the absence of a concrete strategy as to how the immaterial production of the digital commons can connect to material production and control the world economy. The paper concludes with an enquiry into some of the latest efforts in the literature to fill this gap.

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Kostakis, Vasilis, and Stelios Stavroulakis. "THE PARODY OF THE COMMONS." P2P E INOVAÇÃO 2, no. 2 (April 17, 2016): 28–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.21721/p2p.2016v2n2.p28-51.

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This essay builds on the idea that Commons-based peer production is a social advancement within capitalism but with various post-capitalistic aspects, in need of protection, enforcement, stimulation and connection with progressive social movements. We use theory and examples to claim that peer-to-peer economic relations can be undermined in the long run, distorted by the extraeconomic means of a political context designed to maintain profit-driven relations of production into power. This subversion can arguably become a state policy, and the subsequent outcome is the full absorption of the Commons as well as of the underpinning peer-to-peer relations into the dominant mode of production. To tackle this threat, we argue in favour of a certain working agenda for Commons based communities. Such an agenda should aim the enforcement of the circulation of the Commons. Therefore, any useful social transformation will be meaningful if the people themselves decide and apply policies for their own benefit, optimally with the support of a sovereign partner state. If peer production is to become dominant, it has to control capital accumulation with the aim to marginalise and eventually transcend capitalism.

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Kostakis, Vasilis, and Stelios Stavroulakis. "The Parody of the Commons." tripleC: Communication, Capitalism & Critique. Open Access Journal for a Global Sustainable Information Society 11, no. 2 (August 23, 2013): 412–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.31269/triplec.v11i2.484.

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This essay builds on the idea that Commons-based peer production is a social advancement within capitalism but with various post-capitalistic aspects, in need of protection, enforcement, stimulation and connection with progressive social movements. We use theory and examples to claim that peer-to-peer economic relations can be undermined in the long run, distorted by the extra-economic means of a political context designed to maintain profit-driven relations of production into power. This subversion can arguably become a state policy, and the subsequent outcome is the full absorption of the Commons as well as of the underpinning peer-to-peer relations into the dominant mode of production. To tackle this threat, we argue in favour of a certain working agenda for Commons-based communities. Such an agenda should aim the enforcement of the circulation of the Commons. Therefore, any useful social transformation will be meaningful if the people themselves decide and apply policies for their own benefit, optimally with the support of a sovereign partner state. If peer production is to become dominant, it has to control capital accumulation with the aim to marginalise and eventually transcend capitalism.

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This essay builds on the idea that Commons-based peer production is a social advancement within capitalism but with various post-capitalistic aspects, in need of protection, enforcement, stimulation and connection with progressive social movements. We use theory and examples to claim that peer-to-peer economic relations can be undermined in the long run, distorted by the extra-economic means of a political context designed to maintain profit-driven relations of production into power. This subversion can arguably become a state policy, and the subsequent outcome is the full absorption of the Commons as well as of the underpinning peer-to-peer relations into the dominant mode of production. To tackle this threat, we argue in favour of a certain working agenda for Commons-based communities. Such an agenda should aim the enforcement of the circulation of the Commons. Therefore, any useful social transformation will be meaningful if the people themselves decide and apply policies for their own benefit, optimally with the support of a sovereign partner state. If peer production is to become dominant, it has to control capital accumulation with the aim to marginalise and eventually transcend capitalism.

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Kostakis, Vasilis, and Wolfgang Drechsler. "Commons-based peer production and artistic expression: Two cases from Greece." New Media & Society 17, no. 5 (November 15, 2013): 740–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1461444813511929.

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Menking, Amanda, and David W. McDonald. "Image Wishlist: Context and Images in Commons-Based Peer Production Communities." Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction 4, CSCW2 (October 14, 2020): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3415249.

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Robra, Ben, Alex Pazaitis, and Kostas Latoufis. "Counter-Hegemonic Decision Premises in Commons-based Peer Production – A Degrowth Case Study." TripleC: Communication, Capitalism & Critique 19, no. 2 (September 4, 2021): 343–70. https://doi.org/10.31269/triplec.v19i2.1264.

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Capitalism is evidently the main cause of ecological degradation, climate change, and social inequality. Degrowth as a counter-hegemony opposes the capitalist imperatives of economic growth and capital accumulation and radically seeks to transform society towards sustainability. This has strong political economic implications. Economic organisations and modes of production are essential in overcoming the capitalist hegemony. This paper investigates two commons-based peer production (CBPP) organisations in a qualitative case study by asking how they could align with degrowth counter-hegemony to help overcome capitalism. Social systems theory is used as an organisational lens to empirically research decision premises and their degrowth counter-hegemonic alignment. The results show that this alignment is possible in relatively small organisations. Yet, CBPP needs to find wider adoption to help degrowth succeed for which larger organisations seem better equipped. Future studies focusing on the concept of scaling-wide in CBPP networks in the context of degrowth counter-hegemony are suggested.

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Robra, Ben, Alex Pazaitis, and Kostas Latoufis. "Counter-Hegemonic Decision Premises in Commons-Based Peer Production: A Degrowth Case Study." tripleC: Communication, Capitalism & Critique. Open Access Journal for a Global Sustainable Information Society 19, no. 2 (September 4, 2021): 343–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.31269/triplec.v19i2.1264.

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Capitalism is evidently the main cause of ecological degradation, climate change and social inequality. Degrowth as a counter-hegemony opposes the capitalist imperatives of economic growth and capital accumulation and radically seeks to transform society towards sustainability. This has strong political economic implications. Economic organisations and modes of production are essential in overcoming capitalist hegemony. This article investigates two commons-based peer production (CBPP) organisations in a qualitative case study by asking how they could align with degrowth counter-hegemony to help overcome capitalism. Social systems theory is used as an organisational lens to empirically research decision premises and their degrowth counter-hegemonic alignment. The results show that this alignment is possible in relatively small organisations. However, to help degrowth succeed, CBPP needs to be more widely adopted, for which larger organisations seem better equipped. Future studies focusing on the concept of scaling wide in CBPP networks in the context of degrowth counter-hegemony are suggested.

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Siefkes, Christian. "Ist Commonismus Kommunismus?" PROKLA. Zeitschrift für kritische Sozialwissenschaft 39, no. 155 (June 1, 2009): 249–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.32387/prokla.v39i155.432.

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During the last decades, a new mode of production has emerged, for which names such as "commons-based peer production," "cornmonism," and "peer economi' have been proposed, This article explores the main characteristics of this mode of prodnction and discusses the relationship between commonism and communism: if communism is "the real movement which abolishes the present state of things", can commonism become the mode of production which allows this movement to realize this purpose?

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Pentzold, Christian. "Mundane work for utopian ends: Freeing digital materials in peer production." New Media & Society 23, no. 4 (April 2021): 816–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1461444820954203.

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This article studies the online encyclopedia Wikipedia as a core example of the storage and sharing of commons-based digital materials. It focuses on the voluntary, day-to-day activities of its editors as they gather and transform digital information goods that are made available free of charge. Using the notion of articulation work, I stress the effort that goes into accommodating the engagement with the encyclopedia within the contributors’ media-suffused daily routines. Then, the article discusses the typical practices of transcribing, republishing, and relicensing through which the transition from non-free ownership to freely shared property is brought about. Finally, the freedom that is inherent in the modification of the legal status of ideas and artifacts and their public circulation requires us to interrogate the ethical implications of the digital commons collected and spread by Wikipedians.

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Kostakis, Vasilis, Vasilis Niaros, and Christos Giotitsas. "Production and governance in hackerspaces: A manifestation of Commons-based peer production in the physical realm?" International Journal of Cultural Studies 18, no. 5 (February 13, 2014): 555–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1367877913519310.

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Wang, Rong. "Motivation, governance, efficacy and contribution: a social practice model of commons-based peer production." International Journal of Networking and Virtual Organisations 20, no. 3 (2019): 245. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijnvo.2019.100179.

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Robra, Ben, Pasi Heikkurinen, and Iana Nesterova. "Commons-based peer production for degrowth? - The case for eco-sufficiency in economic organisations." Sustainable Futures 2 (2020): 100035. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sftr.2020.100035.

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Pantazis, Alekos, and Morgan Meyer. "Tools from below: Making agricultural machines convivial." Greek Review of Social Research 155, no. 2020 (September 23, 2020): 39–58. https://doi.org/10.12681/grsr.24828.

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This paper explores Commons-Based Peer Production (CBPP) and the democratization of knowledge and technology in the field of agriculture. While most existing academic work mobilising these notions focus on the digital world, our two case studies – a legume harvesting machine and a tool for hammering fencing poles – examine what happens when those notions are operationalized for hardware production. Our case studies take place in the context of Design Global, Manufacture Local (DGML) and look at the micro-level of practices, and the explicit and tacit knowledge that are mobilised when using open-source technologies to produce tools for the primary sector. We argue that the process of "opensourcing" tools needs to be better theorised, and we show how this process mobilises expertise, experience, and engagement, connects various localities, and relies on representational practices. Our article aims to provide a better understanding of how digital commons interact with distributed physical manufacturing, what processes can lead to opensourcing hardware and making technology convivial, and inform future research and policy proposals. 

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Schmitz, Luki Sarah. "Partizipation als Legitimationsnorm: Ambivalenzen digitaler Arbeits- und Produktionsformen aus geschlechtersensibler Perspektive." Raumstrukturen und Geschlechterordnungen 12, no. 1-2020 (March 17, 2020): 95–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.3224/gender.v12i1.07.

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Der Beitrag setzt sich aus geschlechtertheoretischer Perspektive mit ambivalenten Folgen von Digitalisierungsprozessen auf Arbeits- und Produktionsformen auseinander. Im Zentrum stehen dabei Crowdwork und Commons-based Peer Production als zwei Formen, die je unterschiedliche Narrative der Partizipation in sich tragen. Im Verlauf der Analyse wird deutlich, dass der zugrunde liegende Partizipationsimperativ in einen paradoxalen Umschlag führt, der entgegen der Hoffnung nach mehr Autonomie, Selbstgestaltung und Flexibilität, verschiedene Formen von Prekarität nach sich zieht. Die darin enthaltene geschlechtliche Dimension wird herausgearbeitet und Erklärungen für die Paradoxie gegeben.

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Fedoua, Kasmi, Laurent Dupont, Joshua M. Pearce, and Roland J. Ortt. ""Do-It-Together": Towards the Factories of the Future." Cosmo-Local Reader 1 (December 1, 2021): 52–59. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7764185.

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Faced with the environmental and socio-economic limitations of the current production model, that has persisted for decades, the accelerated development of information and communication technologies has made it possible to explore new innovative fields in the productive sectors. New reflections are emerging on the transition towards more sustainable and innovative production models. In this context, the emerging “Design Global, Manufacture Local” model (DGML), aims at transforming the global manufacturing industry so that the vast majority of products can be manufactured locally by globally exchanging the information flows on how to manufacture the product (information, knowledge, design, codes, models, drawings, etc.) over the physical flows.2 This model is based on the principles of commons-based peer production3 in which resources are shared with equal interest for all the involved stakeholder.4 It represents a form of democratization of the industrialization through processes in which the design is developed as a global commons, while the manufacture of products takes place locally, considering the specificities of local ecosystems.

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Kostakis, Vasilis, and Marios Papachristou. "Commons-based peer production and digital fabrication: The case of a RepRap-based, Lego-built 3D printing-milling machine." Telematics and Informatics 31, no. 3 (August 2014): 434–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tele.2013.09.006.

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Pazaitis, Alex, Vasilis Kostakis, and Michel Bauwens. "Digital economy and the rise of open cooperativism: the case of the Enspiral Network." Transfer: European Review of Labour and Research 23, no. 2 (April 13, 2017): 177–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1024258916683865.

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This article explores how autonomous workers/contributors, involved in peer-to-peer relations, can organise their productive efforts so that they have sustainable livelihoods. The discussion is guided by the concept of ‘open cooperativism’, which argues for a synergy between the commons-based peer production movement and elements of the cooperative and solidarity economy movements. To this end, we review the case of Enspiral, a network of professionals and companies that empowers and supports social entrepreneurship. We explore its values, operation and governance as well as the chosen strategies for autonomy and sustainability. Finally, some lessons are summarised for the cooperative and union movement, which point to open cooperativism as an integrated vision.

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Wolf, Patricia, and Peter Troxler. "Community-based business models: Insights from an emerging maker economy." Interaction Design and Architecture(s), no. 30 (September 20, 2016): 75–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.55612/s-5002-030-005.

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Community-based business models are an emerging phenomenon in business reality, particularly in new economic developments such as making. They are a form of commons-based peer production. This paper contributes to advancing research through a multiple case study of eleven community-based maker businesses. The study elaborates on altruism and hedonism as emerging design themes, it addresses aspects of fairness and reciprocity in the interactions with the community, it looks into what values are created, and it reflects on the maker context where businesses strive not purely for profit maximization.

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Ridley-Duff, Rory. "New co-operativism as social innovation: Progress or regress?" Journal of Co-operative Studies 53, no. 3 (December 31, 2020): 5–24. https://doi.org/10.61869/mxal2449.

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This paper re-conceptualises a framework by Vieta (2010) describing ‘new co-operativism’ using social innovation theory. Practice-oriented scholars in the P2P Foundation, Commons Transition Movement and FairShares Association have each formulated a challenge to ‘old co-operativism’ by proposing a ‘new’ and more ‘open’ co-operativism. Conaty and Bollier (2015) distinguish ‘old’ and ‘new’ approaches based on the division of benefits between co-operative members and wider society. They argue for a common good orientation in which new co-operativism deploys multi-stakeholder governance, co‑production and socio-political co‑ordination to prioritise local production. This intersects with commons-based peer production and the digital economy in the Commons Transition Movement, and the FairShares Model that advances multi‑stakeholder ownership, governance and management. By deconstructing texts available through wikis, websites and publications, the social innovations of new co-operativism are assessed. Progressive elements offer ‘development towards a new or advanced condition’ whilst regressive elements advocate ‘returning to a former or less developed state’ (Oxford Languages, 2021). After repeated reading, 30 texts were coded using NVivo. The macro‑themes of commoning and multi-stakeholder orientation were added and other aspects (e.g., worker and citizen action) were separated. The revised theory distinguishes three forms of social innovation operationalised through 10 practices.

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Yu, Yihan, and David W. McDonald. ""Why do you need 400 photographs of 400 different Lockheed Constellation?": Value Expressions by Contributors and Users of Wikimedia Commons." Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction 7, CSCW2 (September 28, 2023): 1–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3610094.

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Understanding the values that collaborators bring to a collaboration is important for the design of new systems. In collaborative systems understanding differing values could help design solutions to mitigate conflicts and more effectively coordinate collaboration. We review prior studies of Commons-Based Peer Production (CBPP) identifying four common value dimensions previously noted as present in CBPP: usage value, social value, ideological value, and monetary value. We use this synthetic framework to analyze a dataset of 32 interviews with contributors to Wikimedia Commons and editors of Wikipedia who use Commons resources. Our analysis supports the prior values categories while expanding how some dimensions are expressed by participants. We also highlight four additional value dimensions that were not previously identified in CBPP: cultural heritage value, rarity value, aesthetic value, and administrative value. We discuss the implications of our findings for the design of collaborative systems.

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Nicolosi, Guido, and Guido Ruivenkamp. "Re-skilling the Social Practices: Open Source and Life–Towards a Commons-Based Peer Production in Agro-biotechnology?" Science and Engineering Ethics 19, no. 3 (October 25, 2012): 1181–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11948-012-9405-4.

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Pazaitis, Alex, Vasilis Kostakis, Giorgos Kallis, and Katerina Troullaki. "Should We Look for a Hero to Save Us from the Coronavirus? The Commons as an Alternative Trajectory for Social Change." TripleC: Communication, Capitalism, & Critique 18, no. 2 (August 17, 2020): 613–21. https://doi.org/10.31269/triplec.v18i2.1203.

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The coronavirus outbreak has come in the aftermath of other concerning and disastrous events, from the rainforest fires in the Amazon to the wildfires of Australia. So far, the political response worldwide has been limited to identifying the villain and the hero who will first invent the life-saving vaccine. However, in a time of crisis, it is becoming obvious that the problem is not external but rather embedded and systemic. We argue that a political economy based on compound economic growth is unsustainable. While the pandemic is no proof of the unsustainability of economic growth as such, the speed and scope of this disease are driven by the interconnectivities of accelerated globalization. Through three ongoing cases, which we have been studying following a participatory action research approach, we discuss an alternative trajectory of a post-capitalist future based on the convergence of localized manufacturing with the digitally shared knowledge commons. 

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Fuster Morell, Mayo, and Ricard Espelt. "A Framework to Assess the Sustainability of Platform Economy: The Case of Barcelona Ecosystem." Sustainability 11, no. 22 (November 16, 2019): 6450. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11226450.

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This article presents a framework for evaluating the sustainability qualities of Platform Economy initiatives. It takes into account governance, economic model, technology, data policies, social responsibility and impact. The framework has been tested empirically in a sample of one hundred commons-based peer-to-peer production cases identified in Barcelona. Data collection was based on online ethnography and structured interviews. The results reveal the different levels and tendencies of pro-democratization. It appears that the cases that are more sustainable are also sustainable in other dimensions. The analysis found a correlation between governance and technology and data models, and it further demonstrated that governance is correlated with the economic model. Both results together indicate that the governance of a platform plays a central role in its overall approach.

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Kostakis, Vasilis. "At the Turning Point of the Current Techno-Economic Paradigm: Commons-Based Peer Production, Desktop Manufacturing and the Role of Civil Society in the Perezian Framework." tripleC: Communication, Capitalism & Critique. Open Access Journal for a Global Sustainable Information Society 11, no. 1 (January 12, 2013): 173–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.31269/triplec.v11i1.463.

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Following the theory of techno-economic paradigm shifts (TEPS), this paper calls attention to the phenomenon of Commons-based peer production (CBPP). In the context of the current paradigm, it argues that civil society can play an important role in creating favourable conditions for a more sustainable global knowledge society. Approaching tentatively the ways in which 3D printing and other desktop manufacturing technologies can be used in CBPP, it also explores the ways in which the partnership with the state may provide a supportive innovative institutional basis for taking the maximum advantage of the emerging synergies in the vein of TEPS theory.

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Troullaki, Katerina, Stelios Rozakis, Kostas Latoufis, Chris Giotitsas, Christina Priavolou, and Fausto Freire. "Sustainable Rural Electrification: Harnessing a Cosmolocal Wind." Energies 15, no. 13 (June 25, 2022): 1–16. https://doi.org/10.3390/en15134659.

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In this article, we explore the sustainability potential of an alternative commons-based mode of production called cosmolocalism. Cosmolocal production combines global knowledge production with local physical production. Such a production mode has been applied across the globe for locally manufacturing small wind turbines (SWTs) for rural electrification. We assess the sustainability of such cosmolocal SWTs in a case study of electrifying a rural community in Ethiopia. In this context, the life cycles of five SWT alternatives have been compared, ranging from conventional industrially produced turbines to open-source locally manufactured and maintained ones. Our case study indicates that the local manufacturing and maintenance of SWTs offer significant advantages and may redeem small wind turbines as a sustainable component for rural electrification. Specifically, the fully cosmolocal alternative (A1) performs better than any other alternative in technical, environmental, and social criteria, while it is close to the best-performing alternative with regard to economic objectives. For this solution to be implemented, the institutional burden cannot be neglected, but can rather be considered a sine qua non condition for locally manufactured and maintained SWTs. A set of generic institutional interventions to create favourable conditions for cosmolocal production is proposed, which needs to be elaborated in a context-specific manner.

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Figueiredo, Janice. "A CONSTRUÇÃO DO COMUM ATRAVÉS DA PRODUÇÃO PEER." P2P E INOVAÇÃO 1, no. 1 (October 28, 2014): 25–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.21721/p2p.2014v1n1.p25-44.

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ResumoNos atuais modos de funcionamento do mercado e do Estado, a sociedade civil não tem possibilidade de criar valor a partir de sua visão sobre o que é necessário para sua comunidade. Na lógica do mercado, bens e serviços são produzidos com o objetivo principal de obtenção de lucro e no Estado representativo os cidadãos não têm poder de decisão sobre as políticas públicas necessárias para suas cidades. Este artigo introduz a ideia do comum, que situa a noção de valor na criação colaborativa visando a resultados voltados para o coletivo. Em seguida, é apresentada a idéia de inteligência coletiva - aquela universalmente distribuída entre os seres humanos e que permite a criação de soluções inteligentes para problemas complexos; o documento sugere que o exercício dos valores do comum aprimora a inteligência coletiva. A partir das características da produção e governança peer, o artigo indica como cidades no mundo vêm sendo transformadas. Finalmente, a iniciativa Rio+ é apresentada como um modelo colaborativo que permite que a sociedade civil carioca proponha soluções para sua cidade. AbstractWithin the current working modes of the market and the State, civil society does not have the possibility to create value based on its own vision of what is needed for its communities . In the logic of the market, goods and services are produced with the ultimate goal of profit-making and, within the representative State, citizens do not take part in the decision-making processes that define the necessary public policies for their cities. This article presents the vision of the commons, that places the notion of wealthiness in what is created collaboratively and is aimed towards collective-oriented results. The document introduces the idea of the collective intelligence, which is universally distributed among human beings and which allows the creation of intelligent solutions to complex problems; the paper suggests that the exercise of the values of the commons enhances the collective intelligence. Through the characteristics of peer production and peer governance the article indicates how cities in the world are being transformed. Finally, the Rio+ initiative is presented as a collaborative model that allows civil society in Rio de Janeiro to create solutions for the city.

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Mahr, Dana, and Sascha Dickel. "Rethinking intellectual property rights and commons-based peer production in times of crisis: The case of COVID-19 and 3D printed medical devices." Journal of Intellectual Property Law & Practice 15, no. 9 (September 1, 2020): 711–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jiplp/jpaa124.

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Kolbjørnsrud, Vegard. "Agency problems and governance mechanisms in collaborative communities." Strategic Organization 15, no. 2 (June 27, 2016): 141–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1476127016653727.

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Collaborative communities—where participants collaboratively solve problems and integrate their contributions—are increasingly popular organizational forms in a wide variety of domains. As with any cooperative effort, communities involve differential interests and information asymmetries, creating potential agency problems. I undertake an exploratory multiple-case study of four communities within the domains of enterprise information technology, sustainable products and services, drug discovery, and digital marketing and communication. I find that agency relationships in the collaborative communities are characterized by three distinct multiple-agency structures: commons, team production, and brokering. These are governed by four main categories of mechanism: (1) mutual monitoring, enabling self-regulation and peer-based control; (2) membership restrictions, regulating admission to the community; (3) values and rules, guiding member action and collaboration; and (4) property rights and incentives, regulating rights to community resources and distribution of rewards. I also identify contingencies between governance mechanisms and agency problems.

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Basu, Soutrik, Joost Jongerden, and Guido Ruivenkamp. "The emergence of a hybrid mode of knowledge production in the Generation Challenge Programme Rice Research Network (GCP-RRN) in India: Exploring the concept of Commons-Based Peer Production (CBPP)." Geoforum 84 (August 2017): 107–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.geoforum.2017.06.008.

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Bauwens, Michel. "INTRODUCING THE NEW CONFIGURATION BETWEEN STATE, CIVIL SOCIETY AND THE MARKET." P2P E INOVAÇÃO 1, no. 1 (September 28, 2014): 1–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.21721/p2p.2014v1n1.p1-24.

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Lievens, Jean. "CAN CAPITALISM REFORM ITSELF AND MOVE TOWARDS A P2P SOCIETY?" P2P E INOVAÇÃO 2, no. 1 (September 1, 2015): 6–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.21721/p2p.2015v2n1.p6-24.

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AbstractThe first Dutch book on P2P “Save the World” by Michel Bauwens had a good reception in Flanders. Even for the critics, the emerging way of ‘getting things done’ through global cooperation on “what is light” and re-localisation of “what is heavy” is making a lot of sense and is indeed the way to go. In this article, we examine two criticisms of the book: the feasibility of an unconditional basic income within the present system and the possibility to move gradually to a P2P society without “overthrowing” capitalism. Apart from the “low road” to peer-to-peer (after an economic collapse) and “the high road to peer-to-peer” (through neo-Keynesianism) a third way could open up, based on a reformed partner state facilitating peer production. Our conclusion is that under the present circumstances, with exponentially growing bottom-up initiatives, open source alternatives and the Internet as a new means of production, value creation and distribution, past failed experiences of ‘socialism in one country’ could today have more chances of succeeding on condition that a progressive government arms itself with a commons transitional plan. Such a transitional government would undoubtedly face many difficulties, but it would at least open the horizon for a better future. And it would certainly enjoy a wave of solidarity throughout the world. PODE O CAPITALISMO REFORMAR A SI PRÓPRIO E SE ENCAMINHAR PARA UMA SOCIEDADE P2P? ResumoO primeiro livro holandês sobre P2P “Save the World” de Michel Bauwens teve boa recepção em Flandres. Mesmo para os críticos, a nova forma de “conseguir fazer as coisas” através da cooperação sobre “o que é leve” e a relocalização de “o que é pesado” faz muito sentido e é, sem dúvida, o caminho a seguir. Neste artigo, analisamos duas críticas feitas ao livro: a viabilidade de renda básica incondicional dentro do sistema presente e a possibilidade de mudar gradualmente para uma sociedade P2P sem “derrubar” o Capitalismo.Além de uma “low road to peer-to-peer” (depois de um colapso econômico) e “the high road to peer-to-peer” (através do neo-keynesianismo) uma terceira via poderia ser aberta, baseada num estado parceiro reformado que facilitasse a produção do tipo “peer”. Concluímos assim que nas circunstâncias presentes, com iniciativas “bottom-up” crescendo exponencialmente, alternativas de código aberto e da Internet como novo meio de produção, criação e distribuição de valores, experiências falidas de 'socialismo em um só país' no passado poderiam agora ter mais chances de sucesso sob a condição de que um governo progressista se arme com um plano de transição dos comuns. Tal governo de transição poderia sem dúvida enfrentar muitas dificuldades, mas pelo menos abriria os horizontes para um futuro melhor. E certamente gozaria de uma onda de solidariedade no mundo inteiro.

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Pearce, Joshua M. "Strategic Investment in Open Hardware for National Security." Technologies 10, no. 2 (April 18, 2022): 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/technologies10020053.

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Free and open-source hardware (FOSH) development has been shown to increase innovation and reduce economic costs. This article reviews the opportunity to use FOSH as a sanction to undercut imports and exports from a target criminal country. A formal methodology is presented for selecting strategic national investments in FOSH development to improve both national security and global safety. In this methodology, first the target country that is threatening national security or safety is identified. Next, the top imports from the target country as well as potentially other importing countries (allies) are quantified. Hardware is identified that could undercut imports/exports from the target country. Finally, methods to support the FOSH development are enumerated to support production in a commons-based peer production strategy. To demonstrate how this theoretical method works in practice, it is applied as a case study to a current criminal military aggressor nation, who is also a fossil-fuel exporter. The results show that there are numerous existing FOSH and opportunities to develop new FOSH for energy conservation and renewable energy to reduce fossil-fuel-energy demand. Widespread deployment would reduce the concomitant pollution, human health impacts, and environmental desecration as well as cut financing of military operations.

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Boronat, Teodomiro. "Editorial." Journal of Applied Research in Technology & Engineering 1, no. 1 (July 21, 2020): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/jarte.2020.13927.

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The first number of JARTE, one step forward.It is difficult to find a single sector that is not agitated by the technological changes that are taking place. The development of Science and Technology is advancing by leaps and bounds, scientific discoveries along with the development of new products, new manufacturing techniques, improved communications, increasing industrial automation, among others are fundamental elements for economies worldwide to advance and develop better services that meet the needs of people.The Alcoy Campus of the Polytechnic University of Valencia is committed to the great challenge of integration towards the knowledge society. New knowledge is being generated on the campus, obtaining numerous results in research and transfer projects, together with the development of practical applications in companies and industrial sectors in the areas of chemical, electrical, manufacturing, materials, mechanical and textile engineering. These results and knowledge need an agile channel to reach potentially interested companies and researchers. The central objective of this international journal is to provide a venue for the dissemination of high quality, cutting edge research and technological developments in engineering, targeting a wide audience ranging from academia to industry.The production, exploitation and diffusion of knowledge are indispensable for the growth of society, that is why the journal JARTE becomes the appropriate alternative to publicize the projects developed both by the members of the Alcoy Campus and by any member of the scientific and industrial communities who wish to publicize their work.JARTE journal intends to become a reference in the diffusion in the fields of engineering and technology. The journal has a policy of quality articles, based on peer review by experts in the field. Two issues will be published annually, the first one in January and the second one in July. The issues of JARTE will offer a selection of original articles with a broad vision of the latest trends in engineering and technology.All articles published by JARTE are under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License in accordance with the framework proposed by the European Union. There is no charge for readers or authors due to institutional collaborations which promote open access papers in order to obtain widespread dissemination of the works.Finally, I would like to thank all the researchers and colleagues who worked to make the JARTE project a successful reality, both those who worked to turn their research into articles and those who have collaborated in the development of the journal in tasks such as editing, peer review, planning and layout so that the works could be published, and I encourage them to continue in this arduous task of disseminating the knowledge developed.

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Pazaitis, Alex, and Vasilis Kostakis. "Are the most influential websites peer-produced or price-incentivized? Organizing value in the digital economy." Organization OnlineFirst (June 16, 2021): 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1177/13505084211020192.

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In 2006, Harvard Law School Professor Yochai Benkler proposed a wager to technology and society author Nicholas Carr. Benkler argued that by 2011 the most influential websites would be based on content produced by people engaged in peer production. Carr maintained that the lure of money and the corporate hierarchies will be more effective. So, after 15 years, who has really won the bet? Are the most influential websites peer-produced or price-incentivized? To address these questions, this paper discusses what peer production is in relation to priceincentivized production. The Carr-Benkler wager is used as a lens to examine the current social and political struggles in the digital economy, to unveil the adversary value systems underneath and the respective implications for organization. We conclude with some reflections on the controversies and ambiguities of peer production and a call for critical scholarship to engage in a deeper discussion on value and organization in the digital economy.

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ALIŞKAN, Yılmaz. "The Opportunities and Challanges of Commons-Based Peer Production." Ufkun Ötesi Bilim Dergisi, July 18, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54961/uobild.1138051.

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This article examines the opportunities and challanges of commons-based peer production. While this model emerged among hacker communities as a result of the development of the internet, on the other hand, the internet became widespread thanks to the products developed by volunteers. The article addresses the use and exchange values of produces developed through digital commons and peer production. It is claimed that capitalism today creates a new hyper-exploitation system by using voluntary labor. In particular, due to the blurring of the boundaries between work time and free time, the products developed by volunteers in their spare time are used by technology cartels to create value in the market. The seizure of this produced value by cartels is not considered as exploitation by some researchers. This article discusses why this process should be characterized as hyperexploitation. In addition, the structure of online communities and the difficulties that community members face in decision-making processes are expressed.

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Krowne, Aaron. "Building a Digital Library the Commons-based Peer Production Way." D-Lib Magazine 9, no. 10 (October 2003). http://dx.doi.org/10.1045/october2003-krowne.

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Shaw, Claire, Ville Eloranta, and Esko Hakanen. "Performing Utopias: Values Practices in Blockchain-Enabled Commons Based Peer Production." Academy of Management Proceedings 2024, no. 1 (August 2024). http://dx.doi.org/10.5465/amproc.2024.16596abstract.

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Dulong de Rosnay, Melanie, and Francesca Musiani. "Towards a (De)centralization-Based Typology of Peer Production." tripleC: Communication, Capitalism & Critique. Open Access Journal for a Global Sustainable Information Society 14, no. 1 (March 26, 2016). http://dx.doi.org/10.31269/triplec.v14i1.728.

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Online peer-production platforms facilitate the coordination of creative work and services. Generally considered as empowering participatory tools and a source of common good, they can also be, however, alienating instruments of digital labour. This paper proposes a typology of peer-production platforms, based on the centralization/decentralization levels of several of their design features. Between commons-based peer-production and crowdsourced, user-generated content “enclosed” by corporations, a wide range of models combine different social, political, technical and economic arrangements. This combined analysis of the level of (de)centralization of platform features provides information on emancipation capabilities in a more granular way than a market-based qualification of platforms, based on the nature of ownership or business models only. The five selected features of the proposed typology are: ownership of means of production, technical architecture/design, social organization/governance of work patterns, ownership of the peer-produced resource, and value of the output.

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Rozas, David, and Steven Huckle. "Loosen control without losing control: Formalization and decentralization within commons‐based peer production." Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology, June 16, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/asi.24393.

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Giotitsas, Chris, Pedro H. J. Nardelli, Vasilis Kostakis, and Arun Narayanan. "From private to public governance: The case for reconfiguring energy systems as a commons." Energy Research and Social Science, August 6, 2020. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3979287.

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The discussions around the unsustainability of the dominant socio-economic structures have yet to produce solutions to address the escalating problems we face as a species. Such discussions, this paper argues, are hindered by the limited scope of the proposed solutions within a business-as-usual context as well as by the underlying technological rationale upon which these solutions are developed. In this paper, we conceptualize a radical sustainable alternative to the energy conundrum based on an emerging mode of production and a commons-based political economy. We propose a commons-oriented Energy Internet as a potential system for energy production and consumption, which may be better suited to tackle the current issues society faces. We conclude by referring to some of the challenges that the implementation of such a proposal would entail.

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Bradley, Karin. "Open-Source Urbanism: Creating, Multiplying and Managing Urban Commons." FOOTPRINT, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.59490/footprint.1.901.

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Within contemporary architecture and urbanism there is marked interest in urban commons. This paper explores the creation of temporary urban commons, or, more specifically, what can be called ‘open-source urbanism’. Citing two practices – urban commons initiated by Atelier d’architecture autogérée in Paris, and Park(ing) Day initiated by San Francisco-based Rebar – I argue that these practices can be understood as open-source urbanism since their initiators act as open-source programmers, constructing practice manuals to be freely copied, used, developed and shared, thus producing self-managed commons. Although this tradition of ‘commoning’ is not new, it is currently being reinvented with the use of digital technologies. Combining Elinor Ostrom’s analysis of self-managed natural resource commons with Yochai Benkler’s assertion that commons-based peer production constitutes a ‘third mode of production’ that lies beyond capitalism, socialism and their blends, I argue that open-source urbanism critiques both government and privately-led urban development by advancing a form of postcapitalist urbanism.

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Bradley, Karin. "Open-Source Urbanism: Creating, Multiplying and Managing Urban Commons." FOOTPRINT, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.59490/footprint.9.1.901.

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Kostakis, Vasilis, Vasilis Niaros, George Dafermos, and Michel Bauwens. "Design global, manufacture local: Exploring the contours of an emerging productive model." October 1, 2015. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.futures.2015.09.001.

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This article aims to contribute to the ongoing dialogue on post-capitalist construction by exploring the contours of a commons-oriented productive model. On the basis of this model called "design global-manufacture local", we argue that recent techno-economic developments around the emergence of commons-based peer production and desktop manufacturing technologies, may signal new alternative paths of social organization. We conclude by arguing that all commons-oriented narratives could converge, thereby supporting the creative communities which are building the world they want within the confines of the political economy they aspire to transcend.

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Rozas, David, Nigel Gilbert, Paul Hodkinson, and Samer Hassan. "Talk Is Silver, Code Is Gold? Beyond Traditional Notions of Contribution in Peer Production: The Case of Drupal." Frontiers in Human Dynamics 3 (March 18, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fhumd.2021.618207.

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Peer production communities are based on the collaboration of communities of people, mediated by the Internet, typically to create digital commons, as in Wikipedia or free software. The contribution activities around the creation of such commons (e.g., source code, articles, or documentation) have been widely explored. However, other types of contribution whose focus is directed toward the community have remained significantly less visible (e.g., the organization of events or mentoring). This work challenges the notion of contribution in peer production through an in-depth qualitative study of a prominent “code-centric” example: the case of the free software project Drupal. Involving the collaboration of more than a million participants, the Drupal project supports nearly 2% of websites worldwide. This research (1) offers empirical evidence of the perception of “community-oriented” activities as contributions, and (2) analyzes their lack of visibility in the digital platforms of collaboration. Therefore, through the exploration of a complex and “code-centric” case, this study aims to broaden our understanding of the notion of contribution in peer production communities, incorporating new kinds of contributions customarily left invisible.

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Troxler, Peter. "Commons-Based Peer-Production of Physical Goods: Is There Room for a Hybrid Innovation Ecology?" SSRN Electronic Journal, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1692617.

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Hilgers, Dennis, Gordon MMller-Seitz, and Frank T. Piller. "Materializing Commons Based Peer Production Beyond Open Source Software Explorative Insights from a Comparative Case Study." SSRN Electronic Journal, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2336668.

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