Dissertations / Theses: 'Communal land tenure'

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Johnson, Ebrezia. "Communal land and tenure security: analysis of the South African Communal Land Rights Act 11 of 2004." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/2165.

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Thesis (LLM (Private Law))--University of Stellenbosch, 2009.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: In this thesis, the Communal Land Rights Act 11 0f 2004 is analysed in order to determine whether it can give effect to the constitutional mandate in terms of which it was promulgated, namely section 25(5), (6) and (9) of the Constitution. Land policy pertaining to land tenure reform is discussed to see how and to what extent it finds application in the Act. The time-consuming process pertaining to the registration of the community rules is investigated, and the implications where a community fails to adhere to this peremptory provision in the Act are explained. The thesis also analyses and discusses the functions of statutorily created institutions, like the land administration committee and the land rights boards, in the efficient management of land in rural areas. The aforementioned land administration committee is particularly problematic, since the Act provides that in cases where a recognised tribal authority exist, that institution “may” be considered as the land administration committee, subject to prescribed composition requirements as contained in the Act. The Traditional Leadership and Governance Framework Act will also be discussed since it intersects with the Communal Land Rights Act in this regard. The pending constitutional challenge which relates to this potentially problematic issue, will be discussed. The constitutional challenge of the Act by four communities’ is explored in order to indicate just how potentially problematic the institution of traditional leadership could be. vi This study also discusses and analyses the compromise contained in the Act, regarding the registration of the land title of a community and the registration of “new order rights” in the name of individuals. In this context the impact of this process on the efficacy on the current Deeds registration system is investigated. The Ministerial determination and its constitutional implications is yet another issue, examined in this study. All of these issues will have a negative impact on the implementation of the Communal Land Rights Act and especially on achieving tenure security.
AFRIKAANS OPSOMMING: In hierdie tesis word die Wet op Kommunale Grondregte 11 van 2004 geanaliseer om te bepaal of dit inderdaad voldoen aan die grondwetlike mandaat soos voorsien in art 25(5), (6) en (9) van die Grondwet. Die beleid van toepassing op grondbeheerhervorming word bespreek om te bepaal tot watter mate dit wel in die Wet aanwending vind. Die tydrowende prosedure van die registrasie van gemeenskapsreëls word ondersoek, asook die implikasies indien ‘n gemeenskap nie aan die voorskriftelike bepaling voldoen nie. Die tesis bespreek en evalueer ook die funksies van die twee instellings wat statutêr geskep is, naamlik grond administrasie komitees en grondregte rade. Die twee instellings is geskep met die doel om van hulp te wees in die effektiewe administrasie van grond in die kommunale areas. Dit is veral die grond administrasie komitee wat problematies is, omdat die Wet op Kommunale Grondregte bepaal dat waar ‘n gemeenskap ‘n erkende tradisionele owerheid het, hierdie owerheid beskou sal word as die grond administrasie komitee van daardie spesifieke gemeenskap. In hierdie konteks is ‘n bespreking van die Wet op Tradisionele Leierskap en Regeringsraamwerk, noodsaaklik. Die betwiste grondwetlike kwessie wat tot op hede nog onbeslis is wat hiermee verband hou, sal ook bespreek word. ‘n Kort uiteensetting word gedoen van die vier gemeenskappe wat die Wet op grondwetlik gronde aanveg om presies te probeer aantoon hoe problematies die instelling van tradisionele leierskap is. Hierdie studie bespreek en analiseer verder ook die kompromis wat getref is tussen registrasie van die titelakte in die naam van ‘n gemeenskap en die viii registrasie van sogenaamde “nuwe orde regte” in die naam van individue. Die impak van hierdie magdom registrasies op die bestaande registrasiesisteem word ook oorweeg. Die grondwetlikheid van die ministeriële besluitnemingsbevoegdheid word breedvoerig bespreek in hierdie studie. Al hierdie genoemde kwessies mag nadelige impak hê op die implementering van die Wet op Kommunale Grondregte en spesifiek ook op grondbeheerhervorming.

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Danso, Antwi Adjei. "Design of a communal land tenure information system for Namibia." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/16084.

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Bibliography: pages 77-83.
This thesis describes some of the communal land tenure systems pertaining to Namibia. Understandably, lands held under communal land tenure have tended to be neither fully documented nor legally and explicitly formalised; communal land tenure systems have been through the mercy of arbitrary action by the state, private individuals or other institutions (S.A Government, 1996: 43). The study attempts to examine the issues involved in the design of a communal land tenure information system for Namibia. It therefore seeks to examine the possibility of using information technology to plan and manage customarily held land, the requirement for an effective design and implementation of such a system and the method of designing such an information system to make room for continual improvement and the addition of finer detail. The research begins with an in-depth literature review of the communal land tenure systems in Namibia and a description of similar information systems. This is followed by the research methodology, which describes the technique used for collecting, analysing and presenting the results of the study. The needs analysis and the data structure contained in the atlas are outlined. The fundamental concepts of database design and the various steps taken by the author to design and construct the land tenure database model for the dissertation are also discussed. The pilot project is analysed, taking into account the capability of the system, its success in terms of a needs analysis, and the adequacy of the data. It specifically analyses the design in the light of social relationships, person or group interests and the spatial component of communal land tenure systems with respect to each area. In addition, it seeks to answer the question whether the tool fits the communal land tenure system, discusses the strengths and weaknesses of the overall system design and the implementation strategies. It is envisaged that, with the provision of the information system in union with its database, this will help to identify and document a communal land tenure system. For the rural dweller or farmer, this system will provide a pictorial image of what is really happening on the ground. The information system could later be upgraded and fully implemented, enabling individuals to effectively plan activities around the existing circumstances and conditions. The recommendation that came out from the study was that given the limited information available on communal land tenure systems, more effort should be spent to study and gather data on the system. It is strongly recommended, therefore, that research into conditions in the communal areas be regarded as a top pri01ity by the Government of Namibia. This could lead to a richer information base in the communal areas to be utilised to improve the lifestyle of the rural communities. Thus, the prototype project designed in this thesis should be implemented fully and later developed and incorporated into an information system which, in the past, has lacked communal land tenure input. The research could not touch on all the communal land tenure areas in Namibia. It is therefore advised that the rest should be investigated in more detail. The inheritance and conflict resolution mechanism which were not modelled effectively should also be reinvestigated.

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Lethobeng, Pogiso Alfred Modise. "Statutory framework for land tenure reform in communal areas / Lethobeng, PAM." Thesis, North-West University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/8103.

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Tenure reform in South Africa is regarded as necessary to sustain social and economic growth and stability, particularly in rural areas where there are high levels of poverty and inequality. In fostering political agendas, black people were systematically distanced from the land under apartheid. Therefore the democratic government’s efforts in redressing the imbalances and providing redress through the land restitution and redistribution programmes are very much dependent upon the success of the Land Tenure Reform Programme.1 This study will mainly concentrate on land tenure reform in communal areas. Customary land tenure has to be understood in the context of an extended family set–up, where it underpins the idea of social solidarity which gives rise to the “community land ethic”.2 Customary land tenure also reflects the subsistence economy, where land is either not exploited for commercial purposes at all or only to a limited extent.3 Normally, this land cannot be sold but it devolves in the family. A family is normally allotted residential and arable land and once allotted; the person acquires access to natural resources on the commonage. Although the person allotted land occupies it exclusive of the rights of others, he or she cannot be described as an owner in the western sense of the word, as he or she does not have the power to sell it. He or she, however, has the most extensive right in the law and may be regarded as “communal owner”.4 1 Mahomed Understanding Land Tenure Law 1–2. 2 Dlamini “Land ownership” 41. 3 Dlamini “Land ownership” 41. 4 Ratsialingwa and Another v Sibasa 1949 3 781 (A) 791–792. The Constitution plays a pivotal role in ensuring that people’s rights to access to land are protected. The Bill of Rights in the Constitution guarantees the right of everyone to have access to land and housing as well as security of tenure. Various laws were enacted to give effect to the guarantees of secure tenure in communal areas after 1991. As a person’s right to land in customary law may be terminated by the traditional leader in consultation with his council, the Interim Protection of Informal Land Rights Act5 (IPILRA) provides that people may not be deprive of an “informal right to land” without their consent except by expropriation. The Communal Land Rights Act6 (CLARA) was intended to give effect to section 25(6) and (9) of the Constitution. The aim of CLARA was to provide for legal security of tenure through a process of transferring the communal land to communities or persons, usually on land held for communities by designated community leaders. Secondary aims were to award comparable redress where such transfer was not practicable; the conduct of land inquiries to determine the transition from old order rights to new order rights; the democratic administration of communal land; the establishment of land rights boards; and co–operation of municipalities in respect in respect of communal land.7 The Green Paper8 proposes an improved trajectory for land reform which is supported by the following programmes and institutions: a recapitalisation and development programme; a single land tenure system with four tiers; a Land Management Commission; a Land Valuer–General and a Land Rights Management Board. The change agenda pursued in the Green Paper is that in order to create a new trajectory for land reform, a set of proposals are put forward which attempts to break from the past without significantly disrupting agricultural production and food security, and avoid redistributions that do not generate livelihoods, employment and incomes.
Thesis (LLM (Estate Law))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2012.

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Metcalfe, Simon Christopher. "Communal land reform in Zambia: governance, livelihood and conservation." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2006. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_1409_1242373575.

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Communal land tenure reform in Zambia is the overarching subject of study in this thesis. It is an important issue across southern Africa, raising questions of governance, livelihood security and conservation. WIldlife is a 'fugitive' and 'mobile' resource that traverses the spatially fixed tenure of communal lands, national parks and public forest reserves. The management of wildlife therefore requires that spatially defined proprietorial rights accommodate wildlife's temporal forage use. Land may bebounded in tenure, but if bounded by fences its utility as wildlife habitat is undermined. If land is unfenced, but its landholder cannot use wildlife then it is more a liability than an asset. Africa's terrestrial wildlife has enormous biodiversity value but its mobility requires management collaboration throughout its range, and the resolution of conflicting ecological and economic management scales. The paper does not aim to describe and explain the internal communal system of tenure over land and natural resources but rather how the communal system interacts with the state and the private sector.

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Soria, Dall’Orso Carlos Antonio Martín. "Understanding land tenure and the dimension of the territory: Land, territory, private property, public property and communal property." Derecho & Sociedad, 2017. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/118996.

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The author analyzes the land tenure and size of the territory and the different perspectives of understanding the property, starting with the western angle of private property, with the individualistic nuance, through public ownership with its nuance of State resources, and finally by the idea of communal property with the collectivist hue, whose ownership lies not with the individual, or the state, but on a group previously identified as culturally consolidated.
El autor realiza un análisis sobre la tenencia de la tierra y la dimensión del territorio, así como de las diferentes perspectivas de entender la propiedad, empezando por el ángulo occidental de la propiedad privada, con el matiz individualista, pasando por la propiedad pública con su matiz de recurso estatal, y, finalmente, por la idea de propiedad comunal con el matiz colectivista, cuya titularidad no recae sobre el individuo, o sobre el Estado, sino sobre un colectivo previamente identificado como culturalmente consolidado.

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Dore, Dale. "Land tenure and the economics of rural transformation : a study of strategies to relieve land pressure and poverty in the communal areas of Zimbabwe." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1993. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/53489072.html.

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Ncube, Richmond. "Land Tenure Rights and Poverty Reduction in Mafela Resettlement Community (Matobo District, Zimbabwe)." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2011. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_4825_1323161074.

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In this research, I present critical facts about Land Tenure Systems and Poverty Reduction processes in Mafela Resettlement community. I focus mainly on the Post-Fast Track Land Reform (2004 â 2011) period and the interactive processes in this new resettlement area. The research - premised on the rights approach - sought to explore land tenure rights systems and poverty reduction mechanisms seen by the Mafela community to be improving their livelihoods
it also sought to find out if there is evidence linking tenure rights to poverty reduction and how land tenure rights governance systems affect their livelihoods. Suffice to say in both the animal kingdom and human world, territorial space and integrity, its demarcation as well as how resources are used within the space, given the area - calls for a - defined system of rights by the residents themselves. Whilst it is true that there is no one story about Zimbabweâs land reform (Scoones et al 2011), the contribution of this research towards insights emanating from the newly resettled farmers adds another invaluable contribution in the realm of rural development issues.

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Roux, Lani Maré. "Using LIS in the development of land tenure arrangements in communal property associations : a study of Algeria." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/4981.

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Summary in English.
Bibliography: leaves 148-150.
This thesis investigates the contribution of land information systems (LIS), integrated with video evidence, to improving security of tenure during the creation of a communal property association (CPA). To this end a case study was conducted of the Algeria community, a community in the process of creating a CPA.

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Bounmixay, Luck. "Communal land tenure : a social anthropological study in Laos= Tierras comunales: un estudio socio-antropológico en Laos." Doctoral thesis, TDR (Tesis Doctorales en Red), 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/365045.

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La República Democrática Popular de Laos (Lao PDR) o Laos es un país montañoso y sin acceso al mar situado en el centro de la región continental del Sudeste Asiático, en la frontera con Myanmar, China, Camboya, Tailandia y Vietnam. Es considerado uno de los países más boscosos de la región, y está clasificado como una de las regiones con mayor diversidad cultural, con casi el 50 por ciento de población indígena. Sin embargo, es una de las naciones más pobres del mundo. Durante la última década, los recursos forestales se han degradado considerablemente debido a la tala, las concesiones privadas, la energía hidráulica y la minería, así como a los cultivos itinerantes intensificados por el progresivo aumento de la densidad poblacional en las tierras altas. La política del Gobierno de Laos se ha centrado en la erradicación de esta agricultura itinerante, pero el programa gubernamental inicial de reasignación de tierras y bosques ha significado la pérdida por parte de diversos grupos étnicos sobre el uso de las tierras de secano, al no estar ya permitido el uso del suelo consuetudinario con barbechos largos. En este nuevo contexto, ninguno de los grupos étnicos de las tierras altas tienen ya derecho a la tierra que utilizan. No obstante, todavía existen muchos sistemas de uso de la tierra tradicionales y ecológicamente racionales en la República Democrática Popular de Laos en áreas remotas, y que mantienen la forma de tenencia comunal. Aquí la tierra es gestionada por el pueblo, que cada año la redistribuye según las necesidades y el trabajo. Esta investigación se centra en estos sistemas tradicionales, buscando identificar qué características de este régimen de gestión comunal podría ayudar a sustituir la actual “degradación” por la “innovación” en el uso de la tierra. La hipótesis de la investigación es que estos regímenes de propiedad común son un medio para que los pobres puedan garantizar el acceso a los flujos de beneficios de los recursos naturales, sirviendo así como una “red de seguridad contra la vulnerabilidad”. Al mismo tiempo y lo más importante, esta tenencia comunal reconocida por el gobierno puede reducir considerablemente para estas comunidades los riesgos derivados de las concesiones privadas. Esta tesis utiliza por tanto la teoría de Elinor Ostrom sobre los “Recursos de Propiedad Común” (CPR), y demás literatura sobre lo común para probar las hipótesis de la investigación. El estudio de campo se llevó a cabo en la provincia de Houaphan en la RDP de Laos, y se centra en los grupos étnicos Hmong y Tai Daeng en tres distritos (Xum-Nue, Viengxay y Sopbao). Así se entiende la gestión de la tierra comunal tradicional como un sistema que para los grupos étnicos de la zona está vinculado a su cultura. Este sistema permite la equidad y puede ser exportado en virtud de acuerdos institucionales apropiados a otros lugares del país, siempre y cuando el gobierno apruebe títulos de propiedad comunal –permitidos por la ley pero aún no implementados–. Asimismo, el gobierno se percató de que las tierras de estas regiones no pueden estar sometidas durante mucho más tiempo a la agricultura itinerante –debido como dijimos a la creciente densidad de población–, por lo que son necesarias medidas proactivas que garanticen la restauración apresurada de los barbechos. Este cambio en el uso más racional de la tierra puede derivarse precisamente del control comunal de sus tierras. Este estudio no sólo debe ser considerado como una importante contribución al actual proceso de toma de decisiones sobre la política de tierras; debe ser entendido además en su dimensión práctica sobre la gestión del suelo en la RDP de Laos.
Lao People’s Democratic Republic (Lao PDR) or Laos is a landlocked and mountainous country situated in the center of the Continental Southeast Asia region bordering with Myanmar, China, Cambodia, Thailand and Vietnam. It is considered one of the most forested countries in the region and ranked as one of the most culturally diverse with almost 50 percent indigenous peoples. Yet, it is one of the poorest nations in the world. Over the last decade, forest resources have become degraded because of logging, concessions, hydropower and mining as well as shifting cultivation due to rising population density in the uplands. Lao Government policy has focused on eradicating shifting cultivation, but the initial government land and forest allocation program meant that the ethnic groups lost their rain-fed upland fields as they were no longer allowed to practice customary land use with long fallows. None of the upland ethnic groups have title to the land they use. Many environmentally sound traditional land use systems still exist in Lao PDR in remote areas in the form of communal tenure. Here the land is managed by the village which each year re-distributes it according to need and labor. This research focuses on these traditional systems to identify which particular features of the management regime could help “reverse degradation by innovation”. The research hypothesis is that common property regimes are a means for the poor to secure access to natural resources’ benefit streams that serve as a safety net against vulnerability. At the same time and most importantly, with communal tenure recognized by government, the communities can lower the risk of their lands being grabbed by concessions. The thesis reviews Elinor Ostrom’s theory on Common Property Resource (CPR) of literature to test the hypothesis. Field study was conducted in Houaphan province in Lao PDR focusing on Hmong and Tai Daeng ethnic groups in three districts (Xum-Nue, Viengxay and Sopbao). It is seen that the traditional communal land management as a system which for the ethnic groups is linked to their culture. It allows for equity and if the government endorses communal land title which is possible by law but not yet implemented, this system could be copied under appropriate institutional arrangements to other places in the country. It is also realized that land may not be under shifting cultivation for many more years due to growing population density and that proactive measures should be taken to quickly restore the fertility of the fallows. This change of land use can best be practiced by the communities as a whole with control over their lands. This study is not only considered an important contribution to current land policy making process; it also is necessary to take into account when carrying out in practice land management in Lao PDR.

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Ntshona, Zolile Mninawa. "The contribution of communal rangelands to rural people's livelihoods in the Maluti district." University of Western Cape, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/7390.

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Magister Philosophiae (Land and Agrarian Studies) - MPhil(LAS)
The contribution of common property resources to rural people's livelihoods is enormous, yet policy makers overlook it. Wild resources, grazing resources and trees provide an important buffer for most rural households. This study investigates the contribution of common property resources, in particular communal rangeland resources, to rural people's livelihoods in the Maluti District of the Eastern Cape, South Africa. Looking at an array of livelihood strategies which people use, the study investigates the proportional contribution of different livelihood strategies with reference to common property resources, specifically wild resources, grazing resources and trees.

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Kleinbooi, Karin. "Gendered land rights in the rural areas of Namaqualand : a study of women's perceptions and understandings." University of the Western Cape, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/5102.

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Magister Philosophiae - MPhil
This study focuses on women's perceptions of land rights in the communal areas of Namaqualand in the Northern Cape province of South Africa. Here women farm land which they can access only through their relationships with male kin. Women's use rights are dependent on their relationships with fathers, husbands and sons; and it is virtually impossible for women to obtain land in their own names. Women's own views of rights, of access, of control and authority over land display a significant gender bias in favour of men. This study explores women's understandings and perceptions of land rights and agriculture and other forms of land use. The objectives of the study are to explore the links between patriarchal social systems and women's conservative attitudes towards holding land; and to show how current policy processes and legislation – aimed at strengthening the rights of existing landholders in communal areas – allow local customs to continue to entrench gender discriminatory practices. A small study was conducted through in-depth interviews with sixty-five women and two focus group discussions with women in Namaqualand. The scope of the study was limited to exploring the nature of women's land rights in five of the communal areas of Namaqualand; formal and informal "rules" around women's land rights; women's practices of asserting or realising land rights; challenges and opportunities that women experience in claiming their land rights; the views and understandings of women in relation to land use and its contribution to livelihoods; and how women understand the impact of current land reform policies on their access to land. For the purpose of this thesis, literature on land tenure, gender and land rights as well as on the history of the former Coloured rural reserves of Namaqualand was considered. The key findings of the study indicate that women are disadvantaged by historical norms, values and attitudes, which afford them only secondary rights to land. Yet, informal land practices – however limited – show that in some cases women are creating opportunities to gain access to land independently. For this to become the norm rather than an exception, these practices need recognition and support within the on-going land reform transformation process in Namaqualand.

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Smit, David. "Towards a tenure system for sustainable natural resource management for the communal and commonage land of the Leliefontein rural area, Namaqualand." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2005. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_8792_1183462957.

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The aim of this research is firstly, to determine the impact of the current practiced tenure system in the Leliefontein Rural Area on the use of the natural resources and secondly, to devise and establish the most appropriate tenure system that will ensure the sustainable natural resource management on the communal and commonage land of the mentioned area. Quantitative questionnaires, review of relevant literature from documentation, research studies and reports were used to gather information and provide contextual insights. A wide spectrum from the Leliefontein Rural area specifically, Namaqualand in general and other semi-arid and communal areas in Southern Africa were covered with the gathering of the secondary data.

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Hungwe, Emaculate. "Land transactions and rural development policy in the Domboshava peri-urban communal area, Zimbabwe." Thesis, Stellenbosch -- Stellenbosch University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/96059.

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Thesis (PhD)--Stellenbosch University, 2014.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Urbanization in Sub-Saharan Africa has led to the proliferation of peri-urban settlements close to cities. Development policy in these areas is multi-pronged. Residents with local tribal, as well as migrant backgrounds take land matters into their own hands. This leads to diverse land transactions and changing household survival strategies. My research investigates the complex interactions between land transactions, Rural Development Policy (RDP), and the emergent household survival strategies between 2002 and 2012 in the peri-urban communal area of Domboshava in Zimbabwe located northeast of Harare the capital city. Domboshava is classified as 'rural' and is administered by traditional authority as well as a local authority called Goromonzi Rural District Council. This Council considers RDP as a solution to increased individualized land transactions. My thesis is based on field research of a case study comprising four villages of Domboshava. Forty-one local residents, as well as a number of key informants such as Traditional Leaders and local government officials were sampled for the study. Qualitative data were collected through structured interviews, review of pertinent documents, as well as observation. The research findings reveal that the rapid pace of urbanization across Africa is widespread and poses key challenges to policies on rural development and land tenure more generally. Research evidence shows the changing practice in access to land rights in Domboshava by migrants from other parts of the country. As a result, land transactions shift from customary inheritance in the tribal line to individualized land transactions such as direct land sales and renting thereby privileging financially better-off households. Household survival strategies also shift from farm based to off-farm and non-farm activities because of the influence of land transactions and a multi-pronged RDP. Changes in household survival strategies of community residents of Domboshava were however not influenced by land transactions and RDP alone, but also by wider political and economic shifts and state interventions such as Operation Restore Order/Operation Murambatsvina and the Fast Track Land Reform Programme. The practice of a multi-pronged RDP as a solution to land transactions in Domboshava became part of the problem as land transactions proliferated unabated. This research is an important topic within the Sociology of Development, and provides useful insights regarding debates on land, policy, and survival strategies in peri-urban communal areas, not only in Domboshava in Zimbabwe, but in sub-Saharan Africa. Appropriate policies that address these peri-urban challenges in Zimbabwe are sorely needed.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Verstedeliking in Afrika het gelei tot die vermenigvuldiging van buite-stedelike nedersettings naby stede. Ontwikkelingsbeleid in hierdie areas het vele vertakkings. Inwoners van plaaslike stamsgebiede asook van migrante agtergronde neem grondsake in eie hande. Dit lei tot uiteenlopende grondtransaksies en veranderende huishoudelike oorlewingstategiëe. My navorsing ondersoek die komplekse interaksies tussen grondtransaksies, landelike ontwikkelingsbeleid (LOB), en die opkomende huishoudelike oorlewingstategiëe tussen die jare 2002 en 2012 in die buite-stedelike kommunale area van Domboshava in Zimbabwe, gelëe noord-oos van Harare, die hoofstad van Zimbabwe. Dombashava is geklassifiseer as 'landelik' en word geadministreer deur 'n tradisionele owerheid sowel as 'n plaaslike owerheid wat bekend staan as die 'Goromonzi Rural District Council'. Ontwikkelingsbeleid word deur hierdie Raad gesien as oplossing vir toenemende individuele grondtransaksies. Die huidige navorsing is gebasseer op veldwerk van 'n gevallestudie van vier dorpies in Dombashava. Een-en-veertig plaaslike inwoners sowel as 'n aantal sleutelinformante soos tradisionele leiers en plaaslike regeringsamptenare was deel van 'n steekproef vir die studie. Kwalitatiewe data is ingesamel deur middel van gestruktureerde onderhoude, bestudering van pertinente dokumente asook waarneming. Die navorsingsresultate toon dat die vinnige pas van verstedeliking deur Afrika 'n algemene verskynsel is en dat dit belangrike uitdagings bied vir beleid oor landelike ontwikkeling, en grondpag in die besonder. Navorsingsbevindinge wys die veranderende patrone in toegang tot grondregte van migrante van ander dele van die land. Dit toon dat grondtransaksies verskuif het van gewone oorerwing binne stamverband na geindiwidualiseerde grondtransakies soos bv. direkte grondverkope en verhuring om dan sodoende huishoudings wat finansieel beter daaraan toe is, te bevoordeel. Huishoudelike oorlewingstategiëe het ook verskuif vanaf boerderygebasseer na nie- boerderygebasseerde aktiwiteite as gevolg van die invloed van nuwe grondtransaksies en komplekse LOB. Die veranderings in huishoudelike oorlewingstategiëe van inwoners van Dombashava was egter nie slegs beïnvloed deur grondtransaksies en LOB nie, maar ook deur wyer politieke en ekonomiese veranderinge en deur intervensies deur die staat soos “Operation Restore Order/ Operation Murambatsvina” en die “Fast Track Land Reform Programme”. Die praktyk vangrondbeleid met vele vertakkings as oplossing vir grondtransakies in die Dombashava area het deel geword van die probleem soos wat grondtransaksies ongekontrolleerd toegeneem het. Hierdie navorsing is 'n belangrike onderwerp binne die Sosiologie van Ontwikkeling en gee bruikbare insigte in die debatte rondom grond, beleid en oorlewingstategiëe in buite-stedelike kommunale gebiede naby stede, nie alleenlik in Dombashava in Zimbabwe nie, maar ook elders in Afrika. Toepaslike beleid wat hierdie buite-stedelike uitdagings in Zimbabwe aanspreek is dringend noodsaaklik.

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14

Arends, Ursula F. "Women and land : acces to and use of land and natural resources in the communal areas of rural South Africa." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2009. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_7803_1297334501.

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The typical face of poverty in South Africa is African, rural, and female. As the primary users of rural land, women engage in farming and subsistence activities. Despite this pivotal role played by rural women, they experience grave problems under communal tenure, most notably in relation to access to and use of land and productive resources. Research has shown that the majority of rural households in South Africa derive significant proportions of their livelihoods from land-based activities, and that the value of common property resources associated with land, for example livestock production, crop production, and natural resource harvesting is often overlooked as an important asset of poor rural communities. The importance of these landbased livelihoods sources is even greater for female-headed households, female members of rural households, and the very poor or &lsquo
marginalised&rsquo
members of rural communities, since they tend to be more reliant on landbased livelihoods than those with secure income from pensions, wageearning activity or remittances from migrant labourers. The importance of security of land tenure to the sustainability of rural livelihoods, particularly insofar as rural women are concerned, is the central focus of this study.

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15

Arisunta, Caroline. "Women, land rights and HIV/AIDS in Zimbabwe: the case of Zvimba communal area in Mashonaland West Province." Thesis, University of Fort Hare, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10353/233.

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This study explores women’s access to land under the customary tenure system. It examines how the changes in land tenure, access and rights to land as a consequence of HIV/AIDS are affecting agricultural productivity, food security and poverty, with a specific focus on women who have lost their husbands to HIV/AIDS in Zvimba. Zvimba is a village community located in Zvimba District in the Mashonaland West Province of Zimbabwe. The study also discusses policy responses designed to cushion the impact of HIV/AIDS on local communities especially women living with HIV/AIDS. The study highlights the vulnerability of widows to land rights violations, mainly inflicted by relatives but sometimes by the wider community. The main form of abuse encountered included the use of abusive language, threats of evictions and at times, beatings. The legal route for seeking redress was rarely used. Fear of witchcraft, low educational levels and fear of causing conflict between children and their paternal relatives also led widows to abandon the fight for their rights. The study further reveals that widows are heavily exposed to dispossession of their land rights. HIV/AIDS has increased the vulnerability of widows and other women to threats and dispossession of their land and other property rights. Dispossession of arable fields was observed in the four wards. The dispossessions and threats to livelihoods were directly related to the HIV positive status of the widows. The findings from this study illustrate the predominant role that male members of the household or family have over land. Thus, culture and traditional practices still affect women in other cases, disadvantaging them in favour of men, as in inheritance of land and property in the household.

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16

Titus, Andries. "A public participation perspective of the process of post-settlement support in Elandskloof." University of the Western Cape, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/6289.

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Magister Administrationis - Madmin
Since the dawn of South African democracy in 1994, extensive laws and policies have been introduced to facilitate transformation in the political, social and economic spheres. While South Africa has been lauded world-wide for its detailed and sophisticated constitution, many cases attest to the challenges of implementing the stipulations of the constitution, laws and policies. Arguably, constitutional rights and entitlements do not automatically result in a better life for ordinary citizens post-apartheid. Moreover, restitution processes towards addressing the atrocities of apartheid are fraught with challenges. The process of land restitution is an example that illustrates the numerous challenges in implementing laws and public policies in South Africa. Restitution is one of the three pillars of land reform - the other two are land redistribution and land tenure reform - that were introduced by the African National Congress (ANC) -led government to secure land rights to black people in South Africa. Land reform is essential to bring about political and economic development and the South African government has committed itself to transforming land ownership to reflect the democratic realities and to redressing the history of dispossession and exclusion suffered by the black majority of South Africans. While the transfer of land and settlement of claims have been processed gradually, growing evidence shows that this does not simply translate into development, poverty reduction or reconciliation.

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17

Msomi, Thulisile Felicity. "Institutional dynamics in a small-scale organic farming organisation : the case of the Ezemvelo Farmers' Organisation." University of the Western Cape, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/5580.

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Magister Philosophiae (Land and Agrarian Studies) - MPhil(LAS)
This study explores institutional dynamics within an organic farming organisation, the Ezemvelo Farmers' Organisation (EFO), based in uMbumbulu in KwaZulu-Natal (KZN). The main objective of the study was to identify the institutional and governance factors that impact on the sustainability of the organic production programme of the EFO. A variety of research methods were employed, including a small sample survey of 50 households, in-depth interviews with key respondents, and a critical assessment of the existing literature on the EFO. The study established that many rural households in uMbumbulu maintain their livelihoods through a diverse array of activities that include social grants. Agriculture remains an important livelihood strategy for many households. It presents opportunities for income generation, access to food, job creation and increased asset accumulation. Communal land tenure systems do not constrain agricultural development, and kinship ties and social relations determine affordable and flexible land access for farming and residential use. The EFO initiave regenerated agricultural production in uMbumbulu. Many households have rights to cropping fields and these fields were revitalised and put under productive use as the organic farming initiative gained momentum. The EFO marketed its produce to Farmwise, a packhouse that distributes produce to various retailers. The agro-food industry is dominated by large business interests and maintained exploitative relations with the EFO. Organic production and marketing to such businesses imposed high transaction costs on members of the EFO as onerous quality standards were enforced throughout the value chain. Rural development interventions that are driven by external stakeholders such as academic institutions, government departments and other agencies tend not to provide sustainable solutions to help support the development of smallholder farmers. In the case of the EFO, such support saw abuses of power, elite capture, free-rider problems, conflict and weak management systems. The thesis argues that the agrarian transformation imperative means that policy frameworks must be re-examined, and adapted to the needs and local practices of smallholder farmers such as members of the EFO. Proper extension support that provides accurate market information, effective coordination of production and transport services, and relevant infrastructure, is also required.
National Research Foundation (NRF)

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18

Burneo, María Luisa. "Elements to re-think the communal: new forms of access to land and pressure on the resource in the communities of Colán and Catacaos." Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2013. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/78696.

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El presente artículo plantea que viene ocurriendo una transformaciónde la relación entre la tierra, los comuneros y las comunidades que,en el caso de la costa norte peruana, se vincula con una doble dinámica: (i) la creciente presión externa sobre el recurso por capitales privados nacionales y trasnacionales, y (ii) el surgimiento de nuevas formas y motivaciones de acceso a la tierra por los comuneros. En este escenario, las comunidades buscan desarrollar mecanismos de contención que, sin embargo, escapan a las lógicas de control propias del ámbito comunal e implican, de manera paradójica, el riesgo de un progresivo desmembramiento de porciones del territorio comunal. Para sustentar lo anterior, el texto analiza los nuevos usos (y usos potenciales) de la tierra que generan expectativas entre los comuneros, así como las nuevas estrategias de acceso al recurso que se disputan diversos actores. Para ello, toma como referencia el estudio de dos comunidades de la costa norte peruana: San Lucas de Colán y San Juan Bautista de Catacaos. Retomar elementos de su historia de conformación permitirá observar cómo varían las formas de acceso a la tierra a lo largo del tiempo y qué nuevas lógicas aparecen en las últimas décadas. Finalmente, a manera de hipótesis, el artículo sugiere que estas nuevas lógicas cambian el sentido de lo comunal y la naturaleza del vínculo entre comunidad y comuneros: estos últimos buscan, de manera creciente, acceder a nuevas tierras sin que ello implique necesariamente su permanencia en el territorio comunal ni un uso productivo de sus parcelas. De esta manera, las comunidades de la costa norte se encuentran frente al reto de una posible transformación como referente principal de acceso y defensa de la tierra.
This article argues that there is a transformation in the relationship between land, peasant communities and its members or comuneros. In the case of the communities of the Peruvian northern coast, this transformation links with a double dynamic: (i) the increasing external pressure on the resource from the private-national and transnational capitals, and (ii) the emergence of new means and motivations of access to land among the communal members. Under these circumstances, the communities seek to develop mechanisms of containment that, nevertheless, escape to their own logics of controland imply the risk of a progressive division of shares of the communal territory.In order to demonstrate this, the article examines new uses (and potential uses) of the land that generates more expectations among the comuneros, and new strategies of access to the resource that different actors compete for. Two peasant communities in the north coast of Peru, San Lucas de Colán and San Juan Bautista de Catacaos, are used as case studies. In orther to understand the variation of access to land trought time and to point out the new logics in the last decades, this article will examine the history and configuration process of land tenure in these communities. Finally, the article suggests as a hipothesis that these new logics transform the meanning of community and the relationship between the peasant communities and the comuneros. The latter seek to gain access tonew lands without necesarily involving their permanency in the communal territory nor having a productive use of their plots. Hence, the north coast communities are facing the challenge of a possible transformation in their functions like the control and defense of land.

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19

Jacobs, Petrus Jacobus. "Tenure security under the Communal Property Associations Act 28 of 1996 : an analysis of establishment and management procedures with comparative reference to the Sectional Titles Act 95 of 1986." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/6678.

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Thesis (LLM )-- University of Stellenbosch, 2011.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This thesis discusses the efficacy of procedures involving communal participation in the management of land by communal property associations, and how this contributes to the promotion of security of tenure as envisaged by the South African Land Reform programme. The Communal Property Associations Act 28 of 1996 (CPA Act) is aimed at regulating communal living arrangements to create security of tenure for its respective landholders. However, the general opinion of commentators in the land reform sector has continued to be that communal property institutions are ineffective and generally fail. Many assert that problems experienced are symptoms of a wider weakness relating to the institutional design of the juristic person, its regulation and the support it receives. To determine the strength of this assertion, the concept and conditions of security of tenure in South African law, and the obstacles hampering it, are investigated. Security of tenure is especially important as it provides a foundation from which land holders can exercise their rights productively. This is followed by an overview of the existing legal mechanisms for communal living arrangements that are similar to the arrangements catered for in the CPA Act. One of these arrangements, namely the Sectional Titles Act is used to compare mechanisms similar to the establishment and management procedures in the CPA Act. The main conclusion regarding establishment procedures is that many of the provisions of the CPA Act are not being implemented properly. While some institutional problems exist and must be addressed, negotiation with and guidance by the Department of Rural Development and Land Reform are necessary to overcome such problems. An inadequate establishment process will only lead to problems and conflict in the management phase that could hamper security of tenure. Communal property associations are managed by an organisation structure comprising of a juristic person, a committee and the community. The thesis shows that committee members often lack the necessary training to fulfil their duties adequately. The CPA Act also allow communal property associations too much discretion in allocating powers and functions of the committee that can lead to paralysis in decision-making processes. The Department Rural Development and Land Reform has extensive powers to monitor and intervene in matters of the association if problems exist, but in practice such measures are not resorted to. These problems create dysfunction in many communal property associations. While the CPA Act can provide security of tenure for communities, the most significant obstacle is the lack of support from the Department of Rural Development and Land Reform in implementing the provisions of the CPA Act.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie tesis handel oor die doeltreffendheid van die prosedures rondom die deelname van gemeenskappe aan die bestuur van grond in gemeenskaplike eiendomsverenigings, en hoe dit bydra tot die bevordering van die onaantasbaarheid van grondregte, soos beoog deur die Suid-Afrikaanse grondhervormingsprogram. Die Communal Property Associations Act 28 of 1996 (CPA Wet) het ten doel om gemeenskaplike bewoning van grond te reguleer ten einde om sekerheid vir houers van grond in die hand te werk. Die heersende mening van kommentatore in die grondhervormingsektor is nietemin nog steeds dat gemeenskaplike eiendomsinstellings ondoeltreffend is, en oor die algemeen misluk. Verskeie kommentatore doen aan die hand dat die heersende probleme simptome is van onderliggende tekortkominge in die wyse waarop die regspersoon saamgestel word en hoe dit gereguleer en ondersteun word. Ten einde hierdie opvatting te deurgrond, word daar in hierdie tesis gekyk na die omstandighede waaronder onaantasbaarheid van grondregte bewerkstellig kan word in die Suid-Afrikaanse reg, en na die struikelblokke wat bestaan om heirdie doel te bereik. Onaantasbaarheid van grondregte is belangrik, veral omdat dit die basis is waarop houers van grond in staat gestel word om hul regte produktief uit te oefen. Hierna volg ‘n oorsig van die bestaande regsmeganismes vir gemeenskaplike bewoning van grond, wat soortgelyk is aan dié van die CPA Wet. Een sodanige opset is die Deeltitelswet, wat gebruik word om soortgelyke meganismes vir die totstandkoming van en die bestuursprosedures van die CPA Wet te vergelyk. Die gevolgtrekking met betrekking tot totstandkomingsprosedures is dat die bepalings van die CPA Wet nie behoorlik in werking gestel is nie. Benewens die institusionele probleme wat aangespreek moet word, is onderhandeling met en leiding deur die Departement van Landelike Ontwikkeling en Grondhervorming nodig, om bestaande struikelblokke uit die weg te ruim. ‘n Ontoereikende totstandkomingsproses sal slegs lei tot verdere probleme en geskille in die latere bestuur van die skema wanneer die skema bestuur moet word. Dit werk onsekerheid m.b.t. die grondregte in die hand. Die bestuurstruktuur van gemeenskaplike eiendomsverenigings bestaan uit ‘n regspersoon, ‘n komitee en die gemeenskap. Die tesis dui aan dat komiteelede dikwels nie voldoende opgelei is om hul funksies behoorlik te vervul nie. Die CPA Wet maak ook voorsiening vir te veel diskresionêre begoegdhede in die akte van oprigting en die bepalings omtrent die funksies van die komitee, wat die besluitnemingsproses kan lamlê. Die Departement van Plaaslike Ontwikkeling en Grondhervorming het verreikende magte m.b.t monitering en intervensie in die sake van die verenigings, waar probleme bestaan. In die praktyk word hierdie bevoegdhede egter nie aangewend soos beoog nie. Die probleme versoorsaak dat gemeenkskaplike eiendomsverenigings nie na behore funksioneer nie. Die wetsbepalings kan onaantasbaarheid van grondregte vir gemeenskappe in die hand werk, maar die grootste struikelblok is die behoorlike implementering van die wetsbepalings.

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20

Martens, Claire. "The governance and management of commonages in three small towns in the Eastern Cape, South Africa." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2009. http://eprints.ru.ac.za/1591/.

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21

Mndela, Mthunzi. "Evaluation of range condition, soil properties, seed banks and farmer's perceptions in Peddie communal rangeland of the Eastern Cape, South Africa." Thesis, University of Fort Hare, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10353/d1013153.

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South African rangelands in combination with their surrounding homesteads occupy 13% of the entire land surface in South Africa. These rangelands are a source of forage for communal livestock. The rangelands in communal tenure system are degraded due to high human population and livestock numbers. The rangeland of Peddie was never evaluated since the introduction of Nguni Cattle Empowerment Project. Therefore, socio-ecological evaluation was conducted in order to interlink farmer‟s perceptions and scientific data to recommend appropriate rangeland management and restoration programme. Two structured questionnaires consisting of close and open ended questions were used to investigate farmer‟s perceptions on rangeland condition, dynamics, and their causes. Sixty households were randomly selected on the bases of livestock ownership and the membership in Nguni Cattle Project. In each household, any respondent of 20 years or greater, and a key informant of age greater than 40 years were selected. For scientific assessment of range condition, three homogenous vegetation units namely grassland, scattered and dense bushland were demarcated into four 100m x 50m replicates. In each replicate, two 100m transects were laid parallel to each other with 30m equidistant apart. The step point and harvesting method along each transect were employed for herbaceous species composition and biomass production. The point-to-tuft distance was also determined as a proxy for basal cover. Woody density, species composition and tree equivalents were determined in 200m2 belt transects in each HVU replicates. The germination method for soil seed bank evaluation was also employed to find plant species composition and density. The soil nutrients (OC, N, P, K, Na, Ca, Mg, Zn, Cu and Mn) and pH were analysed through solution preparation and observation under photospectrometer to determine functional capacity of the soil of Peddie rangeland. The farmer‟s perceptions comprised of 63% females and 37% males (n = 120) with a mean household of 8 people, 5 adults and 3 children. It was perceived by 93.3% respondents that the rangeland of Peddie have undergone changes over two decades. These changes were perceived by 83% respondents to be accompanied by decline in livestock numbers. Woody encroachment and overgrazing were perceived to be the major attributes of these vegetation changes. The scientific rangeland condition assessment confirmed that these changes were more pronounced as bush density increases. Dense bushland had a significantly high (p<0.05) encroached condition with 6650 trees ha-1 and 4909.5 TE ha-1 beyond the recommended thresholds of 2400 trees ha-1 and 2500 TE ha-1 respectively. Scattered bushland had a fair condition of 1950 trees ha-1 and 1198.1TE ha-1. Themeda triandra as a key species was significantly higher (p<0.05) in grassland (31.1%) than scattered (15.6%) and dense bushland (6.1%). There was a declining trend in biomass production from grassland to dense bushland. The summer biomass production was significantly higher (p<0.05) in grassland than scattered and dense bushland but winter biomass was not significantly different (p>0.05) from all homogenous vegetation units of Peddie rangeland. However, the soil fertility increased with an increase in bush density except organic carbon (OC) which was 1.61% in grassland, 1.46% in scattered and 1.53% in dense bushland respectively. Soil N, K, P, Mg2+ Na+, Ca2+, Cu, Zn, Mn and pH were significantly higher (p<0.05) in dense bushland than grassland and scattered bushland. High soil fertility in dense bushland may be attributed to by abscission of woody plants and litter decomposition. In the soil seed bank, the abundances of forbs were significantly higher than sedges (χ2 = 12, df = 1, p = 0.001) and grasses (χ2 = 8.333, df = 1, p = 0.004) in all homogenous vegetation units while sedges were not significantly different (χ2 = 3, df = 1, p = 0.083) from grasses. The Sorensen‟s index indicated that soil seed bank and extant vegetation were significantly different (p<0.05). Annual and biennial forbs and sedges had high abundances while perennial grasses formed a bulk in above ground vegetation. This provided an insight that a reliance on soil seed bank for restoration of Peddie rangeland would not be advisable because it can result in retrogression. The communal rangeland assessment provided clear qualitative and quantitative data when the combination of indigenous knowledge and scientific assessments was done. The rationale is that conclusions and recommendations of range assessment are relient on the farmer‟s perceptions pertinent to their livestock production systems and their rangeland management objectives. This study has shown that inclusion of communal farmers in policy making can provide better insight because those are the people experiencing the consequences of range degradation.

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22

Davenport, Nicholas Ashbury. "The contribution of municipal commonage to local people's livelihoods in small South African towns." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1006976.

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To redress past discrepancies in land tenure, the ANC government acknowledged that land needs to be made accessible to the previously disadvantaged, announcing that commonage would be a pillar of their land reform programme. Municipal commonage is land granted by the state to municipalities for urban households to use. Presently many urbanites in South Africa seek a livelihood from commonage. However, there has been no livelihood valuation of the contribution commonage makes to previously disadvantaged households. Thus there is a need to calculate the benefits of the commonage programme. Through a two phase approach, this thesis investigated firstly, the proportion of township households which use commonage; and the main characteristics of those households. Secondly, the thesis looks at the extent to which commonage contributes to users' livelihoods and the dominant livelihood strategies pursued by user households. Data was collected for three towns in the Eastern Cape province of South Africa; Bathurst, Fort Beaufort, and Grahamstown. Firstly it was found that between 27-70% of households used commonage, with the largest town having the lowest proportion of users, and vice versa for the smallest town. In terms of household characteristics, each study town was unique. Both Bathurst and Grahamstown user households were poorer than non-using households, however all Fort Beaufort households were considered poor. To assess the benefits of the commonage programme, the marketed and non-marketed consumptive direct-use values of land-based livelihoods on commonage were calculated via the 'own reported values' method. Commonage contributions to total livelihoods ranged between 14-20%. If the contributors from commonage were excluded, over 10% of households in each study town would drop to living below the poverty line. Additionally, commonage was being used productively, with the productivity at each study town being worth over R1 000 per hectare and over R4.7 million per commonage. Finally, a typology of subsistence/survivalist commonage users is presented, with four types being identified. Overall, results suggest that commonage use has increased over the last decade. Moreover, due to food inflation and urbanisation the use of commonage is expected to increase further, highlighting the need for holistic commonage management plans to be created, which should include strategies such as sustainable grazing regimes and natural resource management.

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Adegbinni, Adeothy. "Production foncière et patrimoine socio-cultuel au Bénin : cas des communes d'Adjarra et d'Avrankou." Thesis, Brest, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BRES0086/document.

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Le déferlement urbain des grandes agglomérations sur leur périphérie est remarquable au Bénin, ces dernières décennies suite à l’évolution croissante de leurs populations. Cette nouvelle dynamique spatiale amène un changement des pratiques foncières et à un étalement urbain dans presque toutes les communes périurbaines. La production foncière aujourd’hui est basée sur les règles modernes. Mais le statut des terres dans certaines de ces communes périurbaines notamment celles qui sont à forte tradition Vodoun comme Adjarra et Avrankou suscite une interrogation quant à l’influence de la production foncière urbaine sur le patrimoine socio-cultuel. L’intérêt de cette recherche porte sur la problématique de la cohabitation entre les pratiques foncières endogènes qui cherchent à se maintenir et les exigences d’un foncier moderne qui a quelques difficultés à être généralisé. Les résultats de nos recherches nous permettent de constater l’existence, non seulement d’une certaine complicité entre les deux pratiques, mais aussi parfois de tension voire de confrontation entre la tradition et la modernité. Les réalités foncières modernes ont pu investir la région d’Adjarra et d’Avrankou à forte pratique foncière coutumière à travers l’instauration d’un marché foncier résultant des faits d’immatriculation et surtout des lotissements administratifs sans cependant réussir à s’y imposer. La présence des pratiques foncières modernes dans cette région a été surtout facilitée par sa position géographique qui fait d’elle le réceptacle des déferlements urbains de Porto-Novo, engendrant un espace mi-rural, mi-périurbain voire urbain à l’ombre de cette métropole. Parallèlement, les pratiques foncières coutumières bien que résistantes face à la modernité ont connu d’énormes mutations amenant parfois à la disparition de certaines représentations foncières. Si par le passé ‘‘la terre’’ (la terre entière) et ‘‘les terres’’ (les espaces abritant les divinités) sont perçues comme sacrées, ce caractère semble être aujourd’hui réduit au profit des ‘‘terres sacrées’’ qui se sont maintenues grâce à l’existence encore de la croyance à la religion traditionnelle. Les ‘‘terres sacrées’’ n’ont pas été emportées par la pression urbaine même si leur emprise spatiale s’est fortement réduite. Au contraire, elles ont contribué à freiner à plusieurs endroits l’urbanisation dans sa course à la consommation de l’espace, créant un paysage mixte où s’interfèrent la tradition et la modernité dans le tissu urbain. Cet espace périurbain qui présente l’intérêt d’associer les influences de la modernité et de la tradition révèle à contre-courant de la pensée dominante, qu’au lieu de s’opposer, les régimes fonciers coutumiers et modernes ont tendance à s’associer pour créer une situation nouvelle
In Benin, the urban development of large cities on the periphery is a notorious phenomenon in recent decades, due in particular to increasing their changing populations. This new spatial dynamics results in a change of land use practices and urban sprawl in almost all the suburban municipalities. The land is now producing based on modern rules. But the status of the land in some of these suburban towns, including those with strong traditions Vodoun like Adjarra and Avrankou, raises a question about the influence of urban land production on the socio-cultic heritage. The interest of this research focuses on the issue of coexistence between indigenous land practices, looking to maintain itself, and the requirements of a modern land, which has some difficulties to be generalized. The results of our research allow us to determine the existence not only of a certain complicity between the two practices but also sometimes tensions and even confrontations between tradition and modernity. Modern land realities have been able to invest Avrankou and Adjarra area, high customary land practice, through the introduction of a land market arising from registration made especially administrative subdivisions, without managing to win in this locality. The presence of modern land tenure practices in this area was mainly facilitated by its geographical position, which makes it the receptacle of urban Porto Novo surges , resulting in a half countryside , half suburban (or urban ) next to this metropolis. Meanwhile, customary land tenure practices, although resistant face of modernity, experienced enormous changes, sometimes leading to the disappearance of certain land representations. While in the past, '' land '' (whole earth) and '' lands '' (space housing the gods) are perceived as sacred, this character seems now reduced in favor only "sacred lands", which are maintained thanks to the existence still of the belief in traditional religion. The "sacred lands" were not swept away by urban pressure, even if their spatial extent is strongly affected. Instead, they helped to slow, in many places, urbanization in its race to the consumption of space, creating a mixed landscape with interfering in the urban fabric tradition and modernity. This suburban area, which has the benefit of combining the influences of modernity and tradition, reveals, against the grain of mainstream thinking, instead of opposing, customary and modern land tenure systems tend to combine, creating a new situation

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24

Pibou, Elsa. "Paysans de passage : les fermiers du mouvement Terre de Liens en France." Thesis, Toulouse 2, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TOU20010/document.

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Le mouvement Terre de liens (TDL) en France poursuit l’ambition de préserver les terres agricoles, soutenir les porteurs de projets agricoles en leur permettant de s’installer et sensibiliser le public aux questions foncières. Grâce à de l’épargne et des dons citoyens, TDL acquiert du foncier, le retire définitivement du marché en le louant à des agriculteurs engagés dans des démarches biologiques. Il tente ainsi de reterritorialiser l’agriculture et de recréer un lien collectif à la terre que l’État et le marché avait transformé en objet de gestion sectorielle et de spéculation privative. À partir d’une étude sociologique de la profession agricole, d’une approche ethnographique de TDL, nourrie par une enquête statistique et des entretiens semi-directifs, nous nous sommes penchée sur ceux qui travaillent sur ces terres collectives. Nous avons examiné les transformations socioprofessionnelles qu’implique le soutien de TDL pour les fermiers. Ces derniers s’installent généralement hors cadre familial, développent une agriculture biologique, paysanne et une vision de leur métier où se mêlent sensibilité aux questions environnementales et responsabilité sociétale. Quoi que leurs activités correspondent aux attentes de TDL, leur rapport à la terre n’est pas uniforme ni stabilisé. Les diverses tensions qui traversent TDL, de la prise en charge des travaux de réfection du bâti jusqu’aux modalités de représentation des fermiers, donnent à voir les ambiguïtés d’une gestion foncière collective. Elles témoignent des questions qui se posent pour une organisation alternative face à la définition d’une identité paysanne contemporaine, où liberté et contraintes socioprofessionnelles se combinent dans de complexes agencements
“Terre de liens” (TDL) is an activist organisation in France whose main objectives are to maintain farmland, provide support to the setting up of farmers and raise public awareness on land tenure issues. Thanks to savings and public donations, TDL purchases land, withdrawing it definitively from the market to lease it to farmers engaged in organic processes. Thus, it seeks to reterritorialise agriculture and recreate a collective link to land, which the State and the market had transformed into a sectoral business and private speculation object.Based on a sociological study of agricultural profession, a TDL’s ethnographic approach, enriched with a statistical survey and semi-structured interviews, this study focuses on those who farm on these collective land plots. It examines the socio-professional changes which follows TDL's support to farmers. The latter generally set up on farms with no family connection, develop small-scale organic farming and a vision of their profession combining environmental sensitivity and social responsibility. Even though their activities are in agreement with TDL's expectations, their relationship to land is not uniform nor stabilised. The various tensions TDL experiences, from covering repair work of buildings to arrangements for the representation of farmers, show the ambiguities of collective land management. They illustrate the issues an alternative organisation raises in the context of the definition of a contemporary peasant identity, where freedoms and socio-professional constraints combine in complex arrangements

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Jean-Paul, Vanderlinden. "Property rights, risk and development community-level range management in Niger /." 2002. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/yorku/fullcit?pNQ72016.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--York University, 2002. Graduate Programme in Environmental Studies.
Typescript. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 203-222). Also available on the Internet. MODE OF ACCESS via web browser by entering the following URL: http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/yorku/fullcit?pNQ72016.

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Kavela, L. T. T. "Developing a land information systems (LIS) application for communal land dispute resolution : a case study of the Oshana Communal Land Board." Thesis, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/3437.

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The issue of land recording and keeping in the Communal Area of Namibia has been a severe dilemma to the Government. Various types of land disputes are on increase and continue to be predominant despite various Acts, Policies and other related Legislations on the Land Administration and Management passed by Namibian Parliament. Since the establishment of the Oshana Communal Land Board, effort was made to keep conventional records of information pertaining to land parcels in communal areas of Oshana Region. However, spatial information about the land ownership records is still not available in a well-designed and organised system. The non-existence of Land Information Management (LIM) System using Land Information Systems (LIS) application as management tool contributed to this problem. However, Oshana Communal Land Board used manual based system with incomplete coverage and less comprehensive information. In most cases decision makers have to make critical decisions based on little or no information. Therefore, LIM System and data sharing are the major features of the OSHCLB and in order to facilitate these processes there is a need for the introduction of LIS application. Adequate land information is crucial to sustainable development and sound information systems are of vital importance to land management systems. This is also been expressed in the various reports including the Operational Manual for Communal Land Board in Namibia. The user needs and requirements were carefully considered during the data collection stage. The system was designed using proven methodologies, which were explained and reasons for the choice is discussed. However, the detailed LIS applications can be pursued by other researchers or consultants in the future to make the system complete.
Thesis (M.Env.Dev.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, 2005.

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Weston, Alan C. "A methodology for the capture and registration of land rights under the Communal Land Rights Act." Thesis, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/2316.

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One of the major policy objectives of the South African government is to reform land tenure and address the current inequitable dispossession of land. A key to the successful implementation of land reform in communal areas will be the recently enacted Communal Land Rights Act. This Act allows communities to be vested with juristic personality, and enables those communities to acquire and hold rights, incur obligations, and encumber the land by mortgage in the name of the community. Communities will now have a legal tenure recognized by and enforceable at law. The Act provides the mechanism for replacing old order rights with new order rights, which, in turn, may be upgraded to freehold title with community consent. While the Communal Land Rights Act is clear in its approach to providing legal security of tenure, the implementation and linking of the internal land rights within these new legal collective ownership structures to the existing formal system is still uncertain. With the flexibility allowed under the Act, this dissertation offers a simple, cost-effective alternative for the registration of land rights using the envisioned Land Clerk of the Department of Land Affairs. This option involves placing suitably equipped Land Clerks into the communities in which they serve, operating as autonomous self-sustaining contractors. Research for this project was conducted in the community of Ekuthuleni (KwaZuluNatal), where two members of the community were equipped with a portable rig and trained to perform as Land Clerks. The author and others from the University trained them in the use of a computer, scanner, printer, handheld GPS receiver, and assorted software. In addition, to allow them to function autonomously, a photovoltaic power system was set up at their residence. To assess their ability as Land Clerks, several field projects were undertaken within the community. Under the guidance of the author, these field tests involved contacting individual landowners, capturing personal and property information, and registering that data into a specially written database programme. Evidence of previous land ownership was noted and rebristered, GPS coordinates were collected and registered in the process of delineating the landowner's property, and a form reflecting all captured data was printed for the landowner's records.
Thesis (M.Sc.Eng.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 2007.

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Tau, Mmaphaka Ephraim. "The communal land tenure system: an analysis of some trends in the Ditsobotla area of the North West province." Diss., 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/1191.

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Until recently, there have been different and sometimes conflicting views on whether or not the communal land tenure system (CLTS) has a positive or negative impact on rural economic welfare. This study analyses some trends associated with the CLTS in the Ditsobotla area of the NorthWest province, focusing on the implications for rural economic welfare. The results of the study suggest that the CLTS is extremely important in order to sustain the rural economy, and therefore this dissertation presents developmental, policy and research options for consideration by government and other affected stakeholders for the betterment of the livelihood of people in the Ditsobotla area. The study adopts participatory research techniques in the selected villages of Springbokpan and Mooifontein. It also reflects on land tenure experiences in other African countries. The dissertation concludes with a suggestion that the South African government should engage in in-depth research programmes prior to the implementation of the envisaged communal land tenure reform legislation and that, the state should secure sufficient funding to boost agricultural activities in the area. Taking all these factors into account, a view is held that all developmental endeavours in the area must be informed by the collective participation of the affected local people, and their efforts must be united for the enhancement of their livelihood.
Development Studies
M.A. (Development Studies)

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Pottek, Elias. "Communal Conflict and the Geopolitics of Land Tenure, Social Identity and Statehood in North Kivu (Democratic Republic of the Congo)." Thèse, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/20452.

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Davenport, Nicholas. "The contribution of municipal commonage to local people's livelihoods in small South African towns /." 2008. http://eprints.ru.ac.za/1632/.

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Mookaneng, Badiiphadile James. "An assessment of the livestock production potential of communal vs freehold farming systems in the Ganyesa district of South Africa." Diss., 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/29375.

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Six livestock owners, who are commonly used as demonstrators, participated in the study of which three were from communal areas and three from freehold farms in the Ganyesa area. The livestock production potential in communal areas was compared with that of freehold farms. Information on livestock production, veld condition, Dry matter, crude protein- content of natural grasses and extension services were determined and evaluated for each study area. The result of this study revealed that because of variation in climate, Ganyesa is classified as semi- arid and is mainly suitable for livestock production. The result further revealed that there were major constraints in livestock production in the study area and these were related to land tenure system and poor livestock production. In both communal areas and freehold farms, farmers were unable to invest in infrastructural development and this immensely affected production, and led to over-grazing. The performance of the herds (calving %) in communal areas was low (54%) as compared to that on the freehold farms (6 %). However, the results revealed that more calves that were born lived up to weaning (85% in communal areas, 90 % on freehold farms) and this compared favourably with results from other areas. Herd mortality rates for both communal (2%) and freehold farms (2%) were reported to be low. The performance of smallstock was somehow lower than expected for both communal and freehold farms. The lambing kidding percentage was low (62% and 69%, respectively) and mortality rates were somewhat high (to % and 23% respectively). This means that many lambs/kids died due to diseases and malnutrition and thus did not reach a weaning age. Forage DM production was reported to be higher on freehold farms than in communal areas, and this supported the argument that the latter areas are over-stocked. The CP¬content of forage was high for freehold farms during December - January and low during July - August. The CP -values of forage for freehold farms were higher than those for communal areas with the highest figures recorded during January. The veld condition score was reasonable on freehold farms with a high percentage of desirable grass species (28 % ) and low in communal areas (22 %) with high percentage of undesirable grass species (52 %) recorded by the latter. The results of this study revealed that all samples recorded high strontium (Sr) values, indicating likely contamination of the borehole sites. The high levels of titanium (Ti) and barium (Ba) on freehold farms may indicate a possibility of industrial pollution of boreholes. Most of the water sources sampled may also be utilised by humans for drinking, food preparation and drinking purposes with detrimental effects. In view of these constraints, some recommendations were made.
Dissertation (M Inst Agrar (Animal Production))--University of Pretoria, 2005.
Animal and Wildlife Sciences
unrestricted

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Boonzaier, Christian George. "Impact of the identification and survey of the administrative area boundaries process on the implementation of the communal land rights act : a case study of the Eastern Cape Province." Thesis, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/3331.

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Numerous land reform policy instruments and initiatives that have been implemented since the beginning of the 1990's are mediating the on-going battle between formal land tenure systems and informal customary land tenure arrangements. The policy instruments and initiatives seek to establish a delicate balance that will suit the diverse needs of the population of South Africa with respect to land. The enormity of this task is evident when one is faced with the reality that South Africa has the third highest Gini index (a measure of inequality in the distribution of land) in the world. The Eastern Cape Province is one of the poorest provinces in South Africa, and has been affected most by the land segregationist and homeland policies of previous colonial and apartheid regimes. It is not only the unequal distribution of land, but also the vast array of insecure tenure arrangements that have had a detrimental effect on the development and empowerment of communities resident on communal land. This research analyses one initiative that intends to strengthen the security of tenure of existing occupants of communal land in the remote rural areas of the Eastern Cape Province. The research critically appraises the Administrative Area Boundary Project of the Department of Land Affairs (that aims to identify and complete the formal surveys of all administrative area boundaries in the Eastern Cape) in the light of the intentions of the Communal Land Rights Act (No. 11 of 2004) (CLaRA), and highlights the challenges in formalising the informal tenure arrangements of occupants of communal land. The different aspects of the Administrative Area Boundary Project (both office work and field work) were evaluated in order to determine not only its feasibility, but also its impact as an effective instrument of land reform in its endeavour to provide secure land rights to millions of South Africans residing in former homeland areas. To this end, both desktop and case study methodologies were used in order to collect and analyse the research data.
Thesis (M.Sc.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, 2006.

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Maleka, Mampone Morris. "Analysis and mapping of basic communal land administration systems using participatory GPS and GIS : a case study of Makurung Village." 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/4520.

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Participatory GPS and GIS mapping is a mapping process that involves active participation of the local communities with the assistance of outsiders who are experts in the field. The objective of Participatory GPS and GIS mapping is to produce a technically accurate and socially acceptable participatory map and to facilitate skills transfer to the participant community. A basic communal land administration system is a land administration structure responsible for the administration of a local, elementary area of jurisdiction (a village) occupied by a tribe whose rights to land are derived from shared rules determining access and is normally led by an Induna. The analysis of such a structure could provide a foundation for the implementation of Communal Land Rights Act, 2004 (Act No 11 of 2004) that is, the transfer of communal lands to communities. A sub-metre accuracy is obtainable after post-processing differential correction as acclaimed by Trimble on the Geo-XT™ GPS unit and proven in the Ukulinga case study. Participatory GPS and GIS mapping guarantees effective and efficient skills transfer to participant communities and accurate recording of boundary data. Maps produced through Participatory GPS and GIS mapping are widely acceptable since they are preceded by discussions and subsequent consensus on boundary data points prior to actual recording, thereof. The study was designed to analyze basic communal land administration systems and to develop a methodology for mapping them. A successful implementation of the Communal Land Rights Act, 2004 required spatial and related information on land administration structures A Participatory mapping methodology designed was tested in two case studies and found to be reasonably accurate.
Thesis (M.Env.Dev.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, 2006.

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Molebiemang, Kaone. "The effects of the underutilisation of the restored farmlands in Taung: North West province." Diss., 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/26892.

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The purpose of the study was to investigate the effects of the underutilisation of the restored farmlands in the Taung area of the North West province, South Africa. The study was based on the two communal property institutions: the Sebuemang-Khaukhwe Communal Property Association (CPA) and Rethabile Mosimane Trust. This study was grounded in the theory of the Sustainable Livelihoods Framework (SLF). A qualitative research methodology was used to guide the study, while the SLF was used to guide the study, relevant data gathering methods, and the selection of measuring instruments led to the acceptable findings. The findings of the research study have confirmed that there were some effects of the underutilisation of the land in the two communal property institutions (CPIs). The underlying factors of the underutilisation of the land were found to be the institutional weaknesses of the state, and to a lesser extent, the institutional weaknesses of the CPIs. Furthermore, the findings revealed that the effects on the beneficiaries of the two CPIs, were not as massive as contemplated due to the contribution of the state’s social welfare programme on the livelihoods of the beneficiaries. Some of the effects identified were namely: no farm production, no sale and income of farm production, no home consumption of farm produce surplus and no employment. Additional to that host of the factors of vulnerability there are that rose from them i.e.: poverty, destitution, and emotional effects (frustration and anger) and ultimate conflict eruption in the CPIs. In conclusion, the study made recommendations based on key issues which some are: Adequate livelihoods and technical support by state, state’s policies review, retention of the state’s social welfare support, requesting of the private sector to contribute to land reform and rehabilitation of the old gravel road by a relevant state organ (Dept: Public works).
Development Studies
M.A. (Development Studies)

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Alfredo, Benjamin. "Alguns aspectos do regime juridico da posse e do direito de uso e Aproveitamento da Terra e so conflitos emergentes em Mocambique." Thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/3050.

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Southern Africa is experiencing land conflicts themselves in very different ways between state and stakeholders, within and between communities, within families, and specially within singular persons. The conflict of interests in the right to land in southern Africa with particular reference to Mozambique becoming a major issue and evidence conflicts at various levels of society and some of them are quite destructive. The present thesis seeks to address some juridical aspects on access, tenure and land use rights. Land problems have clear roots in the dispossession of Africans under colonialism and apartheid, and the powerful legacy this has left both in terms of outright suffering and also in the historical memory. Land issues are probably the most contentious topic in Mozambique since the independence in 1975. In Southern Africa and Mozambique in particular, one of the most profound causes of such struggles has related to the tenure, the ownership and control of land. In fact the right to land is the major issue in many societies and in Mozambique the unlimited interest in land are quite similar, due the fact that majority of people are peasant or agriculturists. Land is therefore a very strategic socio-economic asset, particularly in poor societies like Mozambique where wealth and survival are measured by control of and access to land. However, land is also a state symbol and source of political influence and power. The Law in Mozambique retains the principle that land is the property of the state and cannot be sold or mortgaged, but it attempts to adjust this legacy from the socialist past to the reality of a market economy. Despite existing land law the government still not enable to control the access and right of use of land. The situation is compounded by a weak or non functioning judiciary system.
Os problemas sobre o direito de acesso, posse, propriedade, uso e aproveitamento da Terra, constituem matéria de debate actual a nível internacional, com realce para a região da Africa Austral e Moçambique em especial. É uma matéria que preocupa os governos e a população em geral, por a terra ser um bem de grande utilidade sócio-económica e política. Moçambique possui um regime jurídico sobre terra (lei nº-19/97 de 1 de Outubro, seu Regulamento e Anexo Técnico), no entanto, ela é lacunosa e carece de reforma afim de se adaptar à realidade dos problemas que se levantam no âmbito da posse, uso e aproveitamento e dos conflitos emergentes. Alguns factores do surgimento de conflitos no âmbito do processo da posse, uso e aproveitamento da terra resultam no entanto, da perda de confiança dos particulares em relação aos órgãos do aparelho do Estado que lidam com matérias sobre terras, devido a burocracia e a corrupção praticada por alguns funcionários. A terra em Moçambique é propriedade do Estado, o que implica uma maior responsabilidade por parte do governo, na sua gestão. O actual regime jurídico sobre a terra, carece de concertação de alguns aspectos fundamentais do ponto de vista legal. Trata-se da harmonização da legislação pertinente sobre terras. As leis promulgadas sobre a matéria embora defendem a necessidade de gestão da terra que beneficie os seus utilizadores, tal vontade, entretanto, não têm produzido efeitos satisfatórios. É, pois, neste contexto, que a presente tese cujo título é Alguns Aspectos do Regime Jurídico da posse e do Direito de uso e aproveitamento da terra e os conflitos emergentes em Mçambique, pretende contribuir na contínua abordagem sobre a problemática da posse da terra e dos conflitos emergentes. Bem gerida, a terra pode constituir um importante factor de paz, estabilidade sócio-política e de desenvolvimento económico.
Public Constitutional and International Law
Thesis (LL.D. )

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Communal land tenure'

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