Academic literature on the topic 'Communal lands'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the lists of relevant articles, books, theses, conference reports, and other scholarly sources on the topic 'Communal lands.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Journal articles on the topic "Communal lands"
1
Bruno, E., and J. Ferrer. "Management Community of Communal Lands in the Andean Rural Community of San Roque de Huarmitá, Concepción, Junín, Peru." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 943, no. 1 (December 1, 2021): 012021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/943/1/012021.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract In this research, the influence of community management of the rural Andean community of San Roque de Huarmitá on the condition of communal lands was analyzed: usufructuated lands (family management) and communal farm (collective management), through an evaluation of the institutional level (design principles) as an indicator of community self-management capacity and analysis of physical-chemical characteristics of soils. Research methods such as: ethnoknowledge and similarity analysis were also used. The results showed that the design principles were well implemented in relation to land use and that the physical-chemical properties differ significantly between the two types of communal lands, showing better fertility results in the usufruct lands. It was concluded that the Andean rural community has a robust level of self-management, that is, it has sustainable community management. Since the usufruct lands provide direct benefits to the families (good soil fertility and pasture production), while the communal farmlands, having extensive management, do not generate direct benefits. In other words, there is a prioritization for the care of the family resources before the community resources.
2
Etsay, Haftu, Shunji Oniki, Melaku Berhe, and Teklay Negash. "The Watershed Communal Land Management and Livelihood of Rural Households in Kilte Awlaelo Woreda, Tigray Region, Ethiopia." Sustainability 14, no. 20 (October 21, 2022): 13676. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su142013676.
Full textAbstract:
While the degradation of natural resources has a substantial impact on the livelihood of farmers in rural areas, there is scant empirical evidence about livelihood status and benefits from communal resources, especially whether the benefits are equally distributed among local farmers. This study examines how the conservation of communal lands affects the food security status and the livelihood of the poor people in the Tigray region of Ethiopia. This paper employed both descriptive statistics and econometric analyses using the ordinary least square regression and quantile regression models. The food security status of rural households was found to be negatively associated with the direct use of natural resources generated on conserved communal lands. The study further affirms that households in the lower quantile harness more of the direct use of common property resources. However, households in the median and the upper quantiles tend to engage in the indirect use of resources generated on communal lands. These findings pose a critical policy implication regarding how to reconcile the trade-offs between the consequence of heavy dependence of the poor on the direct use of communal land-based resources and ensuring sustainable livelihood by allowing the poor to collect benefits from the conserved lands.
3
Cousins, Ben, Dan Weiner, and Nick Amin. "Social differentiation in the communal lands of Zimbabwe." Review of African Political Economy 19, no. 53 (March 1992): 5–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03056249208703936.
Full text
4
Gadzirayi, Christopher, S. I. Whande, and E. Mutandwa. "Sustainability of Agricultural Production in Communal Areas of Zimbabwe: Case of Chionekano Communal Lands." African Journal of Food, Agriculture, Nutrition and Development 7, no. 13 (April 24, 2007): 02–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.18697/ajfand.13.1915.
Full textAbstract:
In Sub-Saharan Africa, at least 70% of the population lives in rural communal areas where they make a living out of subsistence farming. The sector continues to seek for donor support to improve their farming activities with little attention being paid to viability and sustainability of their production systems. There is also sketchy location- specific empirical evidence from research showing sustainability of communal farming practices. The broad objective of this study was therefore to evaluate the sustainability of agricultural production in communally owned farming areas. Agricultural sustainability was conceptualized in terms of biological productivity, economic viability, and reduction of production risk, environmental protection and social acceptability. Primary and secondary data were collected using a structured questionnaire. Information on socio-economic characteristics, production patterns and their environmental implications, constraints and opportunities for achieving sustainability were elicited from respondents. A total of 498 households were interviewed through a census. Respondents were drawn from a cross-section of the community made up of male, female, and childheaded households from Chionekano communal farming area in Zimbabwe. The area is characterized by average annual rainfall of 600 mm, temperature range of 15-25 0 C, sparse vegetation cover and soils of less than 1% organic matter. The results revealed that the agricultural production system was below par due to degraded soil conditions which resulted in low crop yields, low returns from the livestock sector due to high incidences of stock thefts and deteriorating veld condition. Access to financial support was limited due to lack of collateral and high production risk where farmers’ production is solely based on natural and unreliable rainfall patterns and therefore unsustainable. Strategies to improve food security should receive priority to support sustainable resource management, increase access to finance and suitable inputs on credit to be worked out and soil fertility conservation to be exercised with particular focus on organic farming. Emphasis should be placed on environmental management training, production monitoring and offer financial support schemes at concessionary interest rates to spruce up their production to breakeven levels.
5
Mbiba, Beacon. "Communal Land Rights in Zimbabwe as State Sanction and Social Control: A Narrative." Africa 71, no. 3 (August 2001): 426–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/afr.2001.71.3.426.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractThis article takes a historical approach to argue that communal lands in Zimbabwe are a construct inherited from colonial days (prior to 1980) which governments in post-colonial Zimbabwe have found convenient to maintain rather than dismantle. The construct is not only a convenient framework for the delivery of collective consumption goods but in turn it enables the government to subtly use communal lands as a framework for social control, especially in terms of urban management. The continued existence of communal land areas and land rights also sustains processes of social control at the household level. However, these are issues that will not receive attention in land debates as long as the larger problem of redistribution of large-scale commercial farms remains unresolved.
6
Dalgat, E. M. "ON THE NATURE OF LAND OWNERSHIP IN DAGESTAN IN THE 18th - EARLY 20th CENTURIES." History, Archeology and Ethnography of the Caucasus 13, no. 3 (September 15, 2017): 35–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.32653/ch13335-43.
Full textAbstract:
The article deals with the nature of land ownership in Dagestan in the 19th - early 20th centuries. Estate and land relations, land and legal problems were the most complex in the socio-economic development of the pre-revolutionary Dagestan. Russian authorities paid much attention to their solution. After joining to Russia, several estate and land commissions were formed and they collected a large amount of material on the estate and land relations in Dagestan. The article covers the forms of land ownership in the 19th - early 20th centuries. There were communal, waqf (i.e. mosque) lands, state and private lands. The latter were divided into large feudal landownership and peasant landownership - myulks. Pastures were in communal ownership and plowing and hay fields belonged to myulks. On the plain, land ownership was communal. State-owned lands in Dagestan appeared due to confiscation of lands from anti-Russian feudal lords and due to the lands of rural societies as well. Waqf lands were those bequeathed to the mosque. Much attention is paid in the article to redistribution of land ownership, when lands passed from one owner to another. There were several great redistributions of lands in Dagestan. The first of them occurred in the 18th century when the feudal lords, in the course of rise of their political and economic power, began to seize peasant lands on the Kumyk plane. By the end of the 18th century all the lands were in the hands of ten princely families. The second great redistribution of lands in Dagestan took place in the 1860s when after the agrarian reform half of the feudal lords’ lands on the plain and in the foothills passed to the emancipated peasants. Rise and development of capitalist relations were accompanied by the growth of extra estate land ownership. Feudal lords actively pawned their lands and gave them to representatives of other estates, in particular, to rich uzdens. Thus, in the late 19th - early 20th centuries there was another redistribution of lands in Dagestan. Considerable changes in the sphere of land ownership occurred in Soviet times.
7
Oniki, Shunji, Melaku Berhe, and Teklay Negash. "Role of Social Norms in Natural Resource Management: The Case of the Communal Land Distribution Program in Northern Ethiopia." Land 9, no. 2 (January 25, 2020): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land9020035.
Full textAbstract:
The increasing population pressure in the rural areas of Sub-Saharan Africa has caused land degradation as well as an increase in the number of landless farmers. To promote a conservation-oriented utilization of communal lands and increase the livelihood of poor farmers, the Ethiopian government introduced a program to distribute less-utilized communal lands to landless farmers. This study identified the social norms related to natural resource conservation that affect the participation in this program. Using data from 477 farmer households in northern Ethiopia, we estimated probit models with endogenous regressors for the determinants of social norms and their impacts on program participation. The results show that social norms related to conservation positively affect program participation. Regarding policy implication of the findings, an intervention to improve the social norms of local farmers leads to sustainable resource conservation without reducing intrinsic motivation of the local people. A conservation-oriented utilization of the communal lands would be more effective if the land distribution program was accompanied by other programs to improve the social norms in the villages.
8
Mekuria, Wolde. "Changes in Regulating Ecosystem Services following Establishing Exclosures on Communal Grazing Lands in Ethiopia: A Synthesis." Journal of Ecosystems 2013 (June 26, 2013): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/860736.
Full textAbstract:
In four separate studies undertaken in the northern highlands of Ethiopia, changes in regulating ecosystem services, economic viability, and the perception of local communities following establishing exclosures on communal grazing lands were investigated. Replicated 5-, 10-, 15-, and 20-year-old exclosures were selected and paired each exclosure with an adjacent grazing land. All exclosures displayed higher ecosystem services than communal grazing lands. Differences between exclosures and grazing lands varied between 29 (±4.9) and 61 (±6.7) Mg C ha−1 for ecosystem carbon stock (ECS), 2.4 (±0.6) and 6.9 (±1.8) Mg ha−1 for total soil N stock, and 17 (±3) to 39 (±7) Kg ha−1 for the available P stock, and all differences increased with exclosure duration. Differences in plant species richness and biomass between an exclosure age and communal grazing land were higher in oldest than in youngest exclosures. Over a period of 30 years, sequestered carbon dioxide was 246 Mg ha−1, total soil nitrogen increased by 7.9 Mg ha−1, and additional available phosphorous stocks amounted to 40 kg ha−1. The Net Present Value of exclosures ecosystem services under consideration was about 28% (837 US$) higher than alternative wheat production indicating that exclosures are competitive to alternative land uses. There are substantial opportunities to mobilize the local communities in efforts to establish exclosures, given that more than 75% had a positive view on exclosures effectiveness to restore degraded ecosystems. Establishing exclosures on communal grazing lands can be effective for restoring degraded ecosystems and the services that they provide.
9
HELMSING, A. H. J. "RURAL INDUSTRIES AND THE COMMUNAL LANDS ECONOMY IN ZIMBABWE." Tijdschrift voor Economische en Sociale Geografie 78, no. 2 (April 1987): 139–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9663.1987.tb00573.x.
Full text
10
Shackleton, C. M. "Are the communal grazing lands in need of saving?" Development Southern Africa 10, no. 1 (February 1993): 65–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03768359308439667.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Communal lands"
1
Bolus, Cosman. "Collaborative monitoring in ecosystem management in South Africa's communal lands." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1006948.
Full textAbstract:
Internationally there is an increasing focus on involving local communities in natural resource management and monitoring. Monitoring methods which are professionally driven appear to be inadequate to deal with the monitoring of natural resource use and biodiversity conservation, globally. This is especially evident in areas such as South African rural communal land. Two community based natural resource management (CBNRM) programmes in areas which are communally governed in the Eastern Cape, South Africa, namely Nqabara and Machubeni, were used as part of this research study. This thesis identified and tested potentially simple and cost effective monitoring methods related to the utilization of the local rangelands and indigenous forests. The criteria that were tested include 1) appropriateness and effectiveness in measuring change, and 2) contribution to building adaptive capacity among local land managers through learning. The criteria were assessed using a scoring system for each monitoring method in order to evaluate their strengths and weaknesses . This was done by using both quantitative and qualitative data. Contribution to building adaptive capacity was assessed by evaluating technical capacity gained, local ecological knowledge contributed and learning by participants. This was done using qualitative data. The results show that the monitoring methods had different strengths and weaknesses in relation to the criteria, making them more appropriate for different priorities such as effectively measuring change or building adaptive capacity. It is argued that an adaptive approach is a useful component in the participatory monitoring process. An adaptive framework was developed from lessons learnt in this study for collaborative monitoring. Challenges such as low literacy levels and adequate training still need to be addressed to strengthen efforts towards participatory monitoring. Factors such as incentives, conflict and local values may negatively affect the legitimacy and sustainability of participatory monitoring and therefore also need to be addressed.
2
Gyogluu, Sylvester Yinubah. "Infrastructure delivery in rapidly urbanising communal lands : case studies in Ghana." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/1448.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (MTech (Town and Regional Planning))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Cape Town, 2006The research focuses on urbanising communities in the peri-urban areas of the Tamale Metropolitan Area (TAMA) of Ghana and the inability of the urban authorities to provide adequate basic infrastructure services. Using a mix of qualitative and quantitative research approaches, the author observed that the development planning paradigms practiced over the years placed urban planning and service delivery in a centralised paradigm which cannot respond adequately to the increasing pressures of urbanisation, nor offer opportunities for the involvement of communities due to this top-down planning approache. The research in fact identified that the communities, through their own initiatives have planned and executed service projects to improve their lives in some respects where the TAMA has failed. The communities have achieved this due to their spirit of social solidarity, self-help and communalism built around their traditional chiefs, which incorporates some of the principles of Local Agenda 21. The TAMA sees this development as an opportunity to henceforth forge collaboration and partnerships with the traditional authorities for improved service delivery in the urbanising communities. This represents innovative urban planning and management approaches, which in the context of low-income urban communities, includes participatory planning and service delivery. These innovative approaches have been initiated in the Habitat Agenda emanating from the UN Conference on Human Settlements in 1996. The study advocates the concept of sustainable development and Agenda 21, as a working model which presents a participatory and integrative process for local authorities and communities to work towards urban improvements. The Local Agenda 21 planning approach, it is argued, will integrate and strengthen the already existing local community initiatives and provide a basis for partnerships and improved service delivery. The case - studies examined are the Tamale Metropolitan Area and the peri-urban settlements Jusonayili and Gumah.
3
Kuiper, Saskia Marijke. "Is there a future for livestock farming in Southern Namibia's communal lands?" Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/4776.
Full text
4
Dzinavatonga, Naison. "Community participation and project sustainability in rural Zimbabwe: the case of Sangwe communal lands." Thesis, University of Fort Hare, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10353/130.
Full textAbstract:
Development thinkers and practitioners have been pondering over community participation for the last decades. Some even called the 1980s a decade of participation in development discourse while others also view the current decade of social movements, Non-Governmental Organizations, and Community-Based Organizations as a manifestation of organized community participation. The Sangwe Communal Lands is one such area that researchers in the last decades have been pondering over the role of community participation in project sustainability. Likewise this study evaluates the effectiveness of community participation in Sangwe where it has been hypothesized that the current participation discourse has not lived up to its billing of ensuring sustainable projects. The research therefore explores some of the politics surrounding community participation in Sangwe and Zimbabwe at large. From one angle to the other, the research overviews some of the different theoretical orientations, goals, processes and practices that are commonly used but not always recognized to constitute genuine community participation. The research is intended to clarify some of the differences that emerge when projects are designed, and to stimulate discussion about community participation more generally. This study shows that the local communities who in this case are the reason for being of NGOs and their programmes are quite critical in development projects undertaken in their own areas. This to a larger extent determines the success of development initiatives at all levels. Such a scenario calls for a proper sustainable and pro-rural community legal and policy framework as a pre-requisite for sustainable projects. The study further highlights the need for development workers and agents to change their attitude towards communities and their indigenous knowledge systems. They need to co-opt community indigenous knowledge as a system that has a unique contribution to sustainable development. Above all, attitude change is the pillar for the New World System and 21st century development paradigm that respects local values, concerns, culture, and aspirations and that these should be taken on board in the management of development programmes.
5
Leon, Alejandro. "Household Vulnerability to Drought and Ecosystem Degradation in Northern Chile." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/193805.
Full textAbstract:
In the semi-arid Limari River basin, Region of Coquimbo in northern Chile sixty percent of years receive less than the long-term average annual precipitation, and dry spells tend to be multi-year. Below-normal precipitation is not always associated with ENSO cycles, but shows a high correlation to El Nino 3 region sea surface temperature.Since early during the colonial period, land in Coquimbo was utilized as a source of minerals, meat, wheat, and timber for smelters. These extractive productive processes caused the destruction of most of the natural vegetation. Impacts of past use have persisted until today and the region is still affected by intense degradation. Land ownership was originally held in haciendas and communes. Analysis of Landsat satellite imagery shows that vegetation response increases marginally during rainy years in both land tenure regimes. Most of the increase is explained by the planting of rainfed wheat and the response of less palatable native species such as Gutierrezia spp. Hence, the capacity of natural vegetation to respond to above normal precipitation is limited on both private and communal lands.Twenty five percent of the land belongs to agricultural communes, and families in these communes are considered to be poor or indigent. Three agricultural communes were surveyed, and a vulnerability index was constructed based on the community right-holders' responses. Findings show that access to productive resources (i.e., land, water, technology, credit) is a key determinant of differential vulnerability. Vulnerability is defined here as the capacity of an individual or a community to adapt (or cope, or respond) to drought. Differences in access within communities are caused by the inequitable distribution of land by the communes' boards of directors in the recent past. Access to agricultural credit is limited because families do not have collateral. Vulnerability is also conditioned by access to water, greenhouses, irrigation technology, chemicals, and improved seed. The most vulnerable families depend on off-farm employment provided by private agriculture. Governmental responses are reactive based on emergency relief rather than proactive: there is no drought long-term planning, nor consideration of differential levels of vulnerability levels among different segments of the population.
6
Nhlengetfwa, Melusi. "A mathematical model of browse and herbage production in communal grazing lands of semi-arid regions." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/26527.
Full textAbstract:
The main purpose of this work is to extend an existing model of growing cattle and grass production in a semi-arid rangeland.The existing model which is basically Dye's (1983) model in differential equation form handles: i) the growth and performance of cattle measured in terms of weight, ii) the initiation of grass growth in early rainy season and its utilisation by the cattle . This model is being extended to simulate woody plants in addition to the grass and to simulate browsing by goats. The densities of vegetation and the stocking rates of both types of animals are being considered. Our model (SAVANNAS) will predict animal productivity in relation to rainfall and density of woody plants (or vegetation condition). A rainfall data file is being used to generate rain which divides into infiltration and run-off. Athough generally dry, semi-arid regions are agriculturally productive, more especially in terms of animal products. An understanding of the climatic conditions by the farmers is all what it takes. It is unfortunate that in these regions, rainfall, being the main driving force behind animal productivity, is unreliable in that it varies both within and over the years. It is in this regard, therefore, that models be built to simulate semi-arid environments. Such models, when run for several (semi-arid) representative rainfall years could be used by farmers. For instance, a model like SAVANNAS will be run for three rainfall years namely 1980/81, 1981/82 and 1982/83, which, respectively represent: very high, about average and very low rainfall (by semi-arid standards). SAVANNAS simulates processes that operate on widely different time scales. The growth and consumption of herbage and leaves and twigs of woody plants are modelled on a daily basis, while the numbers and ages of woody plants are updated every 120 days. The year is divided into four seasons, with the rainy season beginning in September and initiating herbage re-growth. SAVANNAS simulates herbage biomass, which means it allows the re-establishment of the previous year's grass plants . It divides woody plants into age cohorts with the first cohort being seedlings mainly, and the last cohort being adult trees which are usually out of the browsing range of herbivores. It is a model that has a focus on the effects of vegetation (woody plants and grass) on each other and the effects of the animals on vegetation and viceversa. Without overlooking their effects on vegetation production, fires are not considered in SAVANNAS. This is because in communal lands heavy grazing does not allow the accumulation of sufficient dry herbage for fuel.
7
Chatikobo, Tapiwa H. "Evaluating holistic management in Hwange communal lands, Zimbabwe : an actor-oriented livelihood approach, incorporating everyday politics and resistance." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/97083.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (MSc)--Stellenbosch University, 2015.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Rangelands in the semi-arid and arid regions of the world support livelihoods through their provision of multiple goods and services. Livestock production, for example, occurs in rangelands both as extensive ranching under freehold tenure and as collective ranching under communal tenure systems. However, the sustainability of rangelands is threatened and has been a major concern this century, leading to a variety of interventions. Holistic management (HM) is one such example, designed by its proponents as a panacea to halt degradation and, recently, climate change effects in the rangelands of Africa and beyond. HM has been implemented in the Hwange Communal Lands (HCLs) of Zimbabwe since 2010. In principle, the programme is aimed at restoring degraded watersheds and croplands through utilising properly managed livestock. To achieve this, two principles are promoted under HM, namely (i) holistic planned grazing (HPG) and (ii) animal impaction of crop fields. However, the effects of HM on the livelihoods of its beneficiaries currently are poorly understood. In order to address this lacuna, this study aimed to determine both the intended and unintended effects of a community-based land restoration programme called Holistic Land and Livestock Management (HLLM) in the HCLs of Zimbabwe on the livelihoods of its beneficiaries through a conceptual framework that combined an actor-oriented livelihoods approach with concepts of everyday politics and resistance. This was done by exploring the impact of HLLM on the six types of farmers’ assets, adoption patterns, farmers’ reactions to the introduction of HLLM, and challenges preventing farmers from adopting HLLM. Case studies employing a qualitative and exploratory research design were undertaken in three communities that were selected purposively from a total of 18 communities in which the HLLM programme had been promoted by the Africa Centre for Holistic Management (ACHM) in order to discover different perspectives on the effects of the programme on the livelihoods of its beneficiaries. The study employed qualitative Participatory Rural Appraisal tools, focus group discussions, participant observation, document analysis, and key informant and semi-structured interviews. These lines of enquiry enabled triangulation and cross-checking of information to enhance the reliability and validity of the research findings. The study showed that adoption levels were disappointingly low across all the study sites. Several challenges, including livestock diseases, predation, cultural stigma, labour constraints and witchcraft fears, were among the barriers explaining the low rate of adoption in the HCLs. The findings reveal that the farmers were concerned more with immediate problems, especially lack of water, than with land degradation, which is the primary focus of HLLM. Thus the farmers responded by complying, accommodating and covertly resisting the ACHM’s efforts to implement HLLM in order to suit their needs, using creative everyday politics and resistance. The study concludes that, although HLLM is required in such semi-arid environments, it is not sufficient to sustain rural livelihoods in its current state. While the main focus of HLLM is to improve the natural capital (i.e. restoring degraded watersheds), it should be complemented by and aligned with the farmers’ other development priorities, especially those relating to water
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING:Weiveld in die halfdor- en dor gebiede van die wêreld ondersteun menslike lewensbestaan deur die verskaffing van ’n verskeidenheid goedere en dienste. Veeproduksie, byvoorbeeld, kom in weivelde voor as beide ekstensiewe veldbeesboerdery onder grondbesit en kollektiewe veldbeesboerdery onder gemeenskaplike eiendomsreg. Die volhoubaarheid van weiveld word egter bedreig en het in hierdie eeu ’n groot bron van kommer geword, wat gelei het tot ’n verskeidenheid ingrypings. Holistiese bestuur (Holistic management (HM)) is een van hierdie en is deur sy voorstanders ontwerp as ’n wondermiddel om degradasie, en meer onlangs die effekte van klimaatsverandering op die weivelde van Afrika en verder, stop te sit. HM is reeds sedert 2010 in die Hwange gemeenskaplike gronde (HGG’e) in Zimbabwe geïmplementeer. In beginsel is die doel van die program om gedegradeerde waterskeidings en landerye te herstel deur gebruik te maak van behoorlik bestuurde vee. Om dit te bereik word twee beginsels onder HM bevorder, naamlik (i) holisties beplande weiding (holistic planned grazing (HPG)) en (ii) dier-impaksie van landerye (animal impaction of crop fields). Die effekte van HM op die lewensbestaan van sy begunstigdes word tans egter swak begryp. Om hierdie leemte aan te spreek, was die doel van hierdie studie om die bedoelde en onbedoelde gevolge van ’n gemeenskapsgebaseerde grondherstelprogram (Holistic Land and Livestock Management (HLLM)) in die HGG’e van Zimbabwe op die lewensbestaan van die begunstigdes te bepaal deur middel van ’n konseptuele raamwerk wat ’n akteur-georiënteerde lewensbestaansbenadering met konsepte van alledaagse politiek en weerstand gekombineer het. Dít is gedoen deur die impak van HLLM op ses soorte van bates wat boere het, hulle aannemingspatrone, boere se reaksies op die invoering van HLLM, en uitdagings wat verhoed het dat boere HLLM aanneem, te ondersoek. Gevallestudies met gebruik van ’n kwalitatiewe en verkennende navorsingsontwerp is in drie gemeenskappe onderneem wat doelbewus uit ’n totaal van 18 gemeenskappe waarin die HLLM-program deur die Africa Centre for Holistic Management (ACHM) bevorder word, geselekteer is om verskillende perspektiewe van die effekte van die program op die lewensbestaan van die begunstigdes te ontdek. Die studie het kwalitatiewe Deelnemende Landelike Takseringsgereedskap (Participatory Rural Appraisal), fokusgroepbesprekings, deelnemerwaarneming, dokument analise en sleutel-informant en semi-gestruktureerde onderhoude gebruik. Hierdie ondersoeklyne het triangulasie en kruiskontrole van die inligting moontlik gemaak, wat die betroubaarheid en geldigheid van die navorsingsbevindings verhoog het. Die studie toon dat aannemingsvlakke teleurstellend laag was in al die studieliggings. Verskeie uitdagings, insluitend veesiektes, predasie, kulturele stigma, arbeidsbeperkings en vrese vir heksery was onder die hindernisse wat die lae aannemingstempo in die HGG’e verklaar. Die bevindinge wys dat die boere meer besorgd was oor onmiddellike probleme, veral die tekort aan water, as oor grondagteruitgang, wat die vernaamste fokus van HLLM is. Die boere het dus gereageer deur instemming, aanpassing en onderlangse weerstandbieding tot die ACHM se pogings om HLLM te implementeer om sodoende hulle eie behoeftes te pas deur kreatiewe alledaagse politiek en weerstand te gebruik. Die studie kom tot die gevolgtrekking dat hoewel HLLM in sulke halfdor omgewings nodig is, dit nie in sy huidige staat voldoende is om landelike lewensbestaan te onderhou nie. Hoewel die vernaamste fokus van HLLM is om die natuurlike kapitaal te verbeter (m.a.w. deur gedegradeerde waterskeidings te herstel), moet hierdie rol gekomplementeer word deur en belyn word met die boere se ander ontwikkelingsprioriteite, veral dié wat verband hou met water.
8
Tavares, Luis Almeida. "Campesinato e os faxinais do Paraná: as terras de uso comum." Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8136/tde-04052009-164145/.
Full textAbstract:
A prática de terras de uso comum desde tempos imemoriais, nas suas mais diversas formas, foi ou ainda é praticada em diversas partes do mundo, como na França (Vaine Pâtre, Biens Communaux), Itália (Della Comurione, Le Terre Del Compascuo), Angola, Colômbia, Portugal (Baldios), Espanha (Baldios e Montes Veciñais en Mam Común), Alemanha, Inglaterra, Ucrânia, Polônia, Brasil, entre outros países. No Brasil, as terras de uso comum e seus recursos naturais são apropriados por uma fração do campesinato. O uso dessas terras envolve elementos de identidade, indissociáveis do território ocupado, e regras de apropriação, que se expressam em diversas formas e denominações, como \'Terras de Preto\', \'Terras de Santo\', \'Terras dos Índios\', \'Terras de Herança\', \'Terras Soltas\', \'Fundo de Pasto\' e \'Faxinais\'. Entendendo que até o presente momento, existe uma lacuna na Geografia Agrária Brasileira quanto à elaboração de uma pesquisa que aprofunde a análise sobre o campesinato, pautei como objetivo central desse trabalho a interpretação da trajetória histórica dessa fração do campesinato e seu território. Para isso, compreendo abstratamente que o campesinato, por meio de lutas, constitui-se como uma classe social, para si, e que, como sujeitos políticos, para se sustentarem no modo capitalista de produção, travam uma luta de classe. Para compreender o uso das terras de uso comum e de seus recursos naturais por essa fração do campesinato brasileiro e, mais especificamente, paranaense, fez-se necessário resgatar como se davam essas práticas na Espanha e Portugal, assim como suas diversas formas e respectivas variantes de posse e propriedade da terra no Brasil. Considerando-se que a gênese dos faxinais do Paraná se deu por meio de uma aliança, construída nas grandes fazendas dos Campos Gerais do Paraná entre uma parcela de índios escravos e negros africanos escravos fugidos, a qual se concretizou nas matas mistas de Araucárias e se consolidou com a contribuição de uma fração de camponeses poloneses e de imigrantes ucranianos, que conseguiram escapar do genocídio da Guerra do Contestado. Na contemporaneidade, a formação social do faxinal tem diversas definições, tanto do ponto de vista de pesquisadores do Estado, quanto dos camponeses faxinalenses, que englobam seu tripé de sustentação: terras de uso comum no criadouro comum ou comunitário, cercas das terras de uso comum do criadouro comum ou comunitário e terras agrícolas ou terras de planta. As práticas sociais comuns e religiosas são o que consolidam o modo de vida dos camponeses faxinalenses, mesmo enfrentando conflitos sociais e ambientais. Os resultados dessa pesquisa confirmam a luta e a resistência dos camponeses faxinalenses para se manterem enquanto classe para si e a certeza da manutenção da formação social do faxinal ou da sua expansão por meio da reconquista de espaços da fração do território comunitário camponês faxinalense expropriado pelo desenvolvimento do modo capitalista de produção no campo paranaense.The practice of shared lands since immemorial times, in its more diverse forms, was or still it is practiced in diverse places of the world, as in France Vaine Pâtre, Biens Communaux , Italy Della Comurione, Le Terre Del Compascuo , Angola, Colombia and Portugal Baldios ; Spain Baldios e Montes Veciñais en Man Común ; Germany, England, the Ukraine, Poland and Brazil, among others countries. In the Brazil, the shared lands and its natural resources are appropriate for a fraction of the peasantry. The use of these lands is followed of indispensable elements of identity of the busy territory and the rules of appropriation, that express themselves in diverse forms and denominations, as Lands of Black color, Lands of Saint, Lands of the Indians, Lands of Inheritance, Untied Lands, deep of grassland and communal lands. We understand that, until the moment, theres a gap in the Brazilian Agrarian Geography of research that deepens an analysis on the peasantry, which often appropriates of the natural resources (using them with equilibry) in the communal lands. Our central objective of this research is the interpretation of the historical trajectory of this fraction of the peasantry and its territory, understanding that the peasantry, by means of its fights, constitutes itself as a social class (class for itself), and, as politicians citizens, to multiply in the capitalist way of production, stop a class fight. To understand the use of shared lands and its natural resources for this fraction of the brazilian and paranaense peasantry had made necessary to rescue these practices in the Spain and Portugal, as well as, its diverse followed forms of the variants of the ownership and property of the land in Brazil. The genesis of the communal lands of the Paraná occurred through an alliance constructed in the great farms of the General Fields of the Paraná, and enters a fraction of enslaved indians and Africans black run away enslaved, which materialize themselves in the mixing bushes of pine and its consolidation occurred with the contribution of a fraction of the polish peasants, Ukrainans immigrants and peasants who had obtained to escape of the genocide of the War of the Contested one. In the contemporaneity, the social formation of the communal land has diverse definitions, as much of the point of view of researchers, of the State, how much of the faxinalenses peasants, who hold its tripod of sustentation: shared lands in the common or communitarian creator, agricultural shared lands of the common or communitarian creator, lands or lands of plant. Social common practical and the religious ones are that they consolidate the way of life of the faxinalenses peasants, exactly facing social and ambient conflicts. The results of this research confirm the fight and resistance of the peasantry to multiply while classroom for itself and the certainty of the maintenance of the social formation of the communal land or its expansion through reconquest of spaces of its territory expropriated by the development in the capitalist way of production in the paranaense field.
9
Steele, Melita Zoë. "Natural resource harvesting and disturbance in communal lands: assessing the roles of local ecological knowledge, dependency and market access." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1004604.
Full textAbstract:
A great deal of research has demonstrated that Non-Timber Forest Products (NTFPs) play a crucial role in the livelihoods of the rural poor, and are particularly important to the most marginalised people throughout the developing world. However, these livelihood benefits are not without cost to the natural resource base that rural communities depend so heavily upon. The continued dependence on NTFPs as a major livelihood source must be contingent upon the minimisation of the level of disturbance created through this dependency. This study assesses the level of disturbance created through natural resource harvesting in eight study sites around South Africa, and applies a predictive conceptual model created by Shankaar et al. (2004b) to try and ascertain under what conditions the level of disturbance created through natural resource harvesting will be high. It assesses the three key factors that Shankaar et al. (2004b) identified (level of Local Ecological Knowledge (LEK), level of dependency and access to markets) in relation to the level of disturbance found at each of the study sites. It was found that there was a statistically significant relationship between the level of dependency and the level of disturbance, but there was no statistically significant relationship between either access to markets or the level of LEK and disturbance. Regulation of land use is a key issue, with weak local institutions in communal areas making effective resource management difficult. The significance of these findings is discussed, and priorities for future research are identified. This study adds to the body of knowledge related to NTFP harvesting and critically analyses the conflicts between the livelihood gains and the level of disturbance created through NTFP harvesting in an attempt to ascertain how livelihoods can be safeguarded. And in the longer-term, so that management strategies can be identified where resource extraction is not at the cost of undermining the very livelihoods that depend upon the natural resource base.
10
Lapeyre, Renaud. "Rural communities, the state and the market : a new-institutionnal analysis of tourism governance and impacts in namibian communal lands." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009VERS034S.
Full textAbstract:
Cette thèse vise à analyser la gouvernance institutionnelle des activités touristiques en terres communales namibiennes ainsi que leurs impacts socio-économiques sur les populations rurales habitant ces zones. Plus précisément, nous cherchons à vérifier la pertinence de trois types de paradigmes, actuellement largement relayés au sein des institutions internationales, bailleurs de fonds, agences de coopération et des ONG internationales, nationales et locales. Premièrement, il est souvent admis que l'utilisation raisonnée des ressources naturelles renouvelables et non renouvelables, disponibles en zones rurales, peut significativement contribuer à développer un territoire et à réduire la pauvreté rurale; dans ce contexte, le tourisme, basé sur ces actifs naturels, est vu comme une activité particulièrement bénéfique. Deuxièmement, afin de profiter au mieux des opportunités socio-économiques offertes par le tourisme, les communautés rurales doivent être pleinement insérées dans la filière commerciale touristique globale. Troisièmement, cette bénéfique insertion au marché doit se faire grâce à la contribution des acteurs privés, tour-opérateurs, agents de voyage, opérateurs hôteliers, etc. , au développement touristique en milieu rural. En particulier, nombreux experts et bailleurs s'accordent sur la nécessaire promotion de partenariats commerciaux entre communautés rurales et opérateurs privés. Dans ce dernier cas, une communauté locale délègue ses droits sur un site touristique à un investisseur privé qui en retour s'engage à entreprendre un projet touristique (le plus souvent un lodge), à impliquer, employer et former la population locale, et finalement à lui verser des redevances (royalties). Afin de confronter ces paradigmes à la réalité du terrain, nous menons une analyse institutionnelle du secteur touristique en Namibie, en nous concentrant sur le cas des zones communales, anciennement entités ethniques créées par le régime d'apartheid (homelands). Notre argumentation se déroule en trois temps. D'abord, nous présentons la séquence ressources-activités-acteurs-revenus' et montrons que le tourisme photographique génère potentiellement une valeur économique significative. Dans ce contexte nombreux sont les acteurs qui jouent un rôle dans ce secteur, au rang des quels l'Etat, les bailleurs et ONG, et les entreprises privées; de leur coté les communautés rurales ont encore peu de pouvoir et perçoivent une faible part des revenus touristiques créés. Ensuite, nous proposons une approche néo-institutionnelle afin d'analyser la gouvernance économique des activités de tourisme photographique. En particulier, la thèse propose une typologie des arrangements institutionnels observables dans les activités touristiques en zones communales, et étudie plus précisément deux situations empiriques. Enfin, nous nous attardons plus longuement sur un récent type d'arrangements mis en oeuvre, tel qu'analysé dans la typologie: les partenariats entre communautés rurales et opérateurs privés. Nous les décrivons, analysons leurs impacts socio-économiques et enfin tentons d'expliquer pourquoi jusqu'à présent, ils ont peu bénéficié aux communautés ruralesThis PhD thesis aims at analysing the institutional governance and socio-economic impacts of tourism activities in Namibian communal lands. More specifically we test the relevance of three types of paradigms prevailing within the donor community. First, it is often alleged that sustainable utilization of renewable and non-renewable natural resources could contribute to rural development and poverty alleviation. In this context, tourism, based on natural capital prevailing in Namibia, is regarded as an efficient activity. Second, according to most donor agencies, mainstreaming rural communities within the tourism global commodity chain would enable them to better benefit from such tourism economic opportunities. Third, for such mainstreaming to be successful, experts argue that the private sector (private operators, accommodation companies) should highly contribute to tourism investment and development in communal lands. In particular, all stakeholders should promote formal and informal partnerships between rural communities and the private sector. In that case, rural communities could transfer their rights over a tourism site to a private operator, for the latter to undertake a tourism activity, hire and train local employees and involve the latter in project management. Finally, the operator would pay lease fees (royaltees) to the community. In order to test the relevance of those current paradigms we conduct an institutional analysis of the tourism sector in Namibia, in particular within communal lands (former ethnic homelands designated by the apartheid South-African regime until 1990). We proceed in three stages. First, we analyse the resources-activities-actors-revenues' sequence and show that photographic tourism activities generate significant economic value. We then present the respective role of all important actors in the tourism sector, namely the State, donors, NGOs and private companies, and argue that on the contrary rural communities still hold marginal power in the chain and thus capture a limited share of the income generated. Second, we build a new-institutional framework so as to better analyse the economic governance of tourism activities and therefore we propose a typology of possible institutional arrangements in tourism in communal lands. Within this typology, the thesis analyses two empirical cases in greater details. Third, we focus on a specific tourism hybrid institutional arrangement recently designed and promoted by donors and NGOs: community-private sector partnerships. We describe these, assess their impacts in terms of poverty alleviation and finally we try to explain why so far those partnerships have not delivered significant benefits for rural communities
Books on the topic "Communal lands"
1
Byakagaba, Patrick. Securing Communal Land and Resource Rights in the Albertine Region of Uganda: The case of Hoima and Buliisa Districts. Kampala, Uganda: CRED, 2015.
Find full text
2
Cousins, Ben. A survey of current grazing schemes in the communal lands of Zimbabwe. Mount Pleasant, Harare: Centre for Applied Social Sciences, University of Zimbabwe, 1987.
Find full text
3
Butler, J. R. A. Domestic dogs in communal lands: Implications for CAMPFIRE schemes. Mount Pleasant, Harare, Zimbabwe: Centre for Applied Social Sciences, University of Zimbabwe, 1997.
Find full text
4
Cousins, Ben. Community, class, and grazing management in Zimbabwe's communal lands. Mount Pleasant, Harare: Centre for Applied Social Sciences, University of Zimbabwe, 1993.
Find full text
5
Gopalakrishnan, Shankar. Undemocratic and arbitrary: Control, regulation, and expropriation of India's forest and common lands. New Delhi: Society for Promotion of Wastelands Development, 2012.
Find full text
6
Murphree, Marshall W. Decentralising the proprietorship of wildlife resources in Zimbabwe's communal lands. [Harare]: Centre for Applied Social Sciences, University of Zimbabwe, 1990.
Find full text
7
Lee, Godden, and Tehan Maureen, eds. Comparative perspectives on communal lands and individual ownership: Sustainable futures. New York, NY: Routledge, 2010.
Find full text
8
Jackson, J. C. Incomes, poverty, and food security in the communal lands of Zimbabwe. Mount Pleasant, Harare, Zimbabwe: University of Zimbabwe, Dept. of Rural and Urban Planning, 1988.
Find full text
9
Cousins, Ben. The dynamics of social differentiation in the communal lands of Zimbabwe. [Harare]: Centre for Applied Social Sciences, University of Zimbabwe, 1990.
Find full text
10
Jackson, J. C. Income, poverty and food security in the communal lands of Zimbabwe. [Mount Pleasant, Harare]: Dept. of Rural and Urban Planning, University of Zimbabwe, 1988.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Communal lands"
1
Memea Kruse, Line-Noue. "Retention of Communal Lands." In The Pacific Insular Case of American Sāmoa, 159–72. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-69971-4_8.
Full text
2
Memea Kruse, Line-Noue. "Individually Owned Lands and Communal Land Tenure." In The Pacific Insular Case of American Sāmoa, 135–58. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-69971-4_7.
Full text
3
Timmins, Hannah L., Patricia Mupeta-Muyamwa, Jackson Marubu, Chira Schouten, Edward Lekaita, and Daudi Peterson. "Securing Communal Tenure Complemented by Collaborative Platforms for Improved Participatory Landscape Management and Sustainable Development: Lessons from Northern Tanzania and the Maasai Mara in Kenya." In Land Tenure Security and Sustainable Development, 247–67. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-81881-4_12.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractCommunity lands play a critical role in community well-being and conservation, but community lands can be at odds with statutory land systems. We present two case studies from the Kenya-Tanzania border that illuminates the risks of top-down approaches imposing misaligned privatized tenurial systems onto the community, and the potential of community-based organizations (CBO) to promote collaboration in a socially fractured landscape via communal titles. The case studies indicate that applying a private tenure system in a misaligned cultural setting can fracture cultural and ecological coexistence between communities and the land. CBOs can play a role in catalyzing collective action to resolve these issues. The full devolution of rights must be sensitive to communities’ culture, traditions, and history, while ensuring avenues for collective action.
4
Matose, Frank, Billy Mukamuri, James Fairhead, and Melissa Leach. "4. Trees, people and communities in Zimbabwe’s communal lands; Declarations of difference." In Beyond Farmer First, 69–79. Rugby, Warwickshire, United Kingdom: Practical Action Publishing, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.3362/9781780442372.005.
Full text
5
Kamunde-Aquino, Nelly. "Who Owns Soil Carbon in Communal Lands? An Assessment of a Unique Property Right in Kenya." In International Yearbook of Soil Law and Policy 2017, 321–38. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-68885-5_17.
Full text
6
Holden, Stein T. "The gender dimensions of land tenure reforms in Ethiopia 1995-2020." In Land governance and gender: the tenure-gender nexus in land management and land policy, 143–52. Wallingford: CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789247664.0012.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Continued rapid population growth in rural areas is a major challenge to future land access for all in Ethiopia. Landlessness is growing and farm sizes shrinking. This tends to erode the constitutional right of all rural residents without another livelihood option to access land for subsistence. With the recent land laws also stipulating minimum farm sizes, this also restricts inheritance rights of children living on small farms. It also restricts the opportunity to share land equally among spouses upon divorce. Co-management of land among divorced parents and children on small farms is also challenging. The result may be disguised fragmentation. Given the growing landlessness and inheritance rules and the need for alternative livelihoods for youth, we may wonder whether women are at a disadvantage in non-farm employment. Recent studies of a large sample of resource-poor rural youth that have been eligible to join youth business groups and have been allocated rehabilitated communal lands have female members that on average have fewer assets, lower incomes and less education than male members. They are also much less likely to own a mobile phone and to become group leaders or group board members. This shows that young women in Ethiopia continue to be disadvantaged and are among the most resource-poor and vulnerable. There is a need for more targeted policies to give them equal opportunities in the ongoing rural as well as rural-urban transformation processes.
7
Mekuria, Wolde, Edzo Veldkamp, Marife D. Corre, and Mitiku Haile. "Carbon Changes Following the Establishment of Exclosure on Communal Grazing Lands in the Semi-Arid Lowlands of Tigray, Ethiopia." In Climate Change Management, 111–31. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-22315-0_7.
Full text
8
Jones, Eric L. "Communal Farming and Underused Land." In Palgrave Studies in Economic History, 41–44. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-44274-3_5.
Full text
9
Sato, Chizuko. "Land Tenure Reform in Three Former Settler Colonies in Southern Africa." In African Land Reform Under Economic Liberalisation, 87–110. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-4725-3_5.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractThis study explores the challenges of land tenure reform for three former settler colonies in southern Africa–Zimbabwe, Namibia, and South Africa. While land redistribution programmes have been the primary focus of land reform for these countries since independence, land tenure reform for the inhabitants of communal areas is an equally important and complex policy challenge. Before independence, the administration of these areas was more or less in the hands of traditional leaders, whose roles were sanctioned by the colonial and apartheid authorities. Therefore, one of the primary concerns with respect to reforming land tenure systems in communal areas is related to the power and authority of traditional leaders in the post-independence period. This study highlights striking similarities in the nations’ land tenure reform policies. All of them gave statutory recognition to traditional leaders and strengthened their roles in rural land administration. In understanding this ‘resurgence’ or tenacity of traditional leadership, the symbiotic relationship between the ruling parties and traditional leaders cannot be ignored and should be problematised. Nonetheless, this chapter also argues that this obsession with traditional leadership may result in the neglect of other important issues related to land tenure reform in communal areas, such as the role of customary land tenureas social security.
10
Drinkwater, Michael. "Alternative Strategies for Managing Livestock on the Land." In The State and Agrarian Change in Zimbabwe’s Communal Areas, 113–50. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-11780-2_4.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Communal lands"
1
A. LOPES, José, and Ignacio J. DIAZ-MAROTO. "INPUT OF COMMUNAL FORESTS TO SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF THE RURAL POPULATION: STUDY CASE OF NORTHERN PORTUGAL AND GALICIA." In RURAL DEVELOPMENT. Aleksandras Stulginskis University, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/rd.2017.227.
Full textAbstract:
Communal forests occupy one million hectares in the Northern of Portugal and Galicia. Since centuries ago, “Baldios” and “Montes Veciñais en Man Común” (MVMC) played an essential function in the economy of their owner communities. This role was lost all through the last century due to the enormous afforestation and the decrease of agriculture. The restitution of democratic regimes returned the communal forests tenure to the communities. Given the extension and high average area, our paper aims to research its potentialities and limitations of contribution to rural development. Two case studies, one in North Portugal and another one in Galicia, allow identifying the individual and collective traditional uses and the achievements made with revenues linked. Both Galician and Portuguese realities exhibit similarities and complementary benefits, and needing social and economic innovation to make a better use of rural resilience. Communal lands and small-scale business projects could maintain the network of local produce markets with attractive aesthetic values as well as biodiversity conservation. The comparison of the different criteria shows economic aspects are the most valorised by the stakeholders. The management decision of collective forests was the alternative mixed by the communities and the Forestry Services as the best one to complete the main objective of sustainable rural development. As a final conclusion of our work, remarking that the communities owning these forests currently seem to have the conditions to successfully manage their properties if the commoners are able to mobilize and adequate organize the communities.
2
Kosasih, Johannes, and Luh Darmayanti. "Complete Systematic Land Registration On Communal Land For Investment." In Proceedings of the First International Conference on Technology Management and Tourism, ICTMT, 19 August, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. EAI, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4108/eai.19-8-2019.2293736.
Full text
3
Tegereni, Melania. "Evaluation of Institutional Models for Changing Communal Land in Namibia." In 11th African Real Estate Society Conference. African Real Estate Society, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.15396/afres2011_118.
Full text
4
Rambe, Tappil. "Mapping and Handling of Communal Land Conflict at Northern Sumatera." In Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Social Sciences and Interdisciplinary Studies (ICSSIS 2018). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/icssis-18.2019.39.
Full text
5
Salam, Safrin. "Land Registry: Communal Rights Certificate and the Problem in Indonesia." In Proceedings of 1st Workshop on Environmental Science, Society, and Technology, WESTECH 2018, December 8th, 2018, Medan, Indonesia. EAI, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4108/eai.8-12-2018.2283977.
Full text
6
Effendi, Mukhrizal, M. Arif Nasution, R. Hamdani Harahap,, and Muryanto Amin. "Role Of Customary Institution In Conflict Resolution Of The Rights On Customary Communal Land (Study on communal land conflict in Simangambat Jae Village Simangambat district of Padang Lawas Utara Regency)." In 2nd International Conference on Social and Political Development (ICOSOP 2017). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/icosop-17.2018.7.
Full text
7
Сашина, Елена. "Locus communis как приглашение к полилогу: реминисценция стихотворения И.-В. Гете «Kennst du das Land» А. К. Толстым и Е. К. Остен-Сакен." In Россия — Германия в образовательном, научном и культурном диалоге. Конкорд, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.37490/de2021/021.
Full textAbstract:
The article considers the functioning of locus communis in a universally symbolic topological model of idyll (locus amoenus, genius loci, motif Et in Arcadia ego) using formula constructs based on the material of Goethe’s poem «Kennst du das Land» and its reminiscences in the poetry of A. K. Tolstoy («You know the land where everything breathes abundantly») and E. K. Osten-Saken («You know the land, our blessed land»).
8
Hanida, Rozidateno Putri, Fachrur Rozi, and Bimbi Irawan. "Policy Advocacy Strategy for Protecting the Existence of Communal Land Ownership in Investment Activities." In International Conference on Public Administration, Policy and Governance (ICPAPG 2019). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/aebmr.k.200305.214.
Full text
9
Len, Przemysław, Izabela Skrzypczak, Grzegorz Oleniacz, and Monika Mika. "The Use of Statistical Methods for the Evaluation of Land Adjustment Proposals and Elimination of the Patchwork Pattern of Land Ownership." In Environmental Engineering. VGTU Technika, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/enviro.2017.214.
Full textAbstract:
The analysis of the need for agricultural land consolidation in villages of the commune of Sławno was performed to identify villages in which adjustment interventions were needed most urgently. The factors indicative of the urgency of land adjustment were selected on the basis of a comprehensive analysis of the natural, social, economic and financial conditions characterizing the investigated villages. The analysis was carried out on the basis of data obtained from the Register of Land and Buildings of the District Office in Opoczno and the Office of the Commune of Sławno. The study allowed us to determine the surface area of land requiring urgent consolidation and exchange, thus providing grounds for applying for funds for the implementation of the proposed land adjustment scheme. Calculations were done on the basis of 19 factors (x1– x19) belonging to five groups of characteristics describing each of the investigated villages. The results expressed in the form of a synthetic measure calculated for each village allowed us to prioritize consolidation interventions. The priority ranking obtained was compared with another ranking performed using the zero unitarization method (ZUM).
10
Cujba, Vadim, Elena Sochirca, Rodica Sirbu, and Pavel Titu. "Tendințe asupra modului de utilizare a terenurilor din cadrul aglomerației Chișinău." In Provocări şi tendinţe actuale în cercetarea componentelor naturale şi socio-economice ale ecosistemelor urbane şi rurale. Institute of Ecology and Geography, Republic of Moldova, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.53380/9789975891608.22.
Full textAbstract:
This article evaluates the tendencies and impact of urbanization on the land use within the Chisinau agglomeration. The research carried out regarding Stăuceni commune, confirms that the periurban area, undergoes a period of significant spatial and functional transformation, influenced by the demographic pressure, poorly controlled urban development and the intensification of the land relations. By implementing the project “Chisinau Arena” on the territory of Stăuceni commune, the plan for territorial expansion of Chisinau city (in peri-urban areas located on major transport axes) is reconfirmed. At the same time, the demographic forecast presented in scenario III, according to UN for population, shows that the Chisinau population will decrease dramatically, towards 2035, therefore it is necessary that the spatial planning plans to be adapted quickly to the pace of demographic changes, to avoid compromising the infrastructure projects and squandering land in the suburban areas.
Reports on the topic "Communal lands"
1
Phuong, Vu Tan, Nguyen Van Truong, and Do Trong Hoan. Commune-level institutional arrangements and monitoring framework for integrated tree-based landscape management. World Agroforestry, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5716/wp21024.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
Governance is a difficult task in the context of achieving landscape multifunctionality owing to the multiplicity of stakeholders, institutions, scale and ecosystem services: the ‘many-multiple’ (Cockburn et al 2018). Governing and managing the physical landscape and the actors in the landscape requires intensive knowledge and good planning systems. Land-use planning is a powerful instrument in landscape governance because it directly guides how actors will intervene in the physical landscape (land use) to gain commonly desired value. It is essential for sustaining rural landscapes and improving the livelihoods of rural communities (Bourgoin and Castella 2011, Bourgoin et al 2012, Rydin 1998), ensuring landscape multifunctionality (Nelson et al 2009, Reyers et al 2012) and enhancing efficiency in carbon sequestration, in particular (Bourgoin et al 2013, Cathcart et al 2007). It is also considered critical to the successful implementation of land-based climate mitigation, such as under Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs), because the Land Use, Land-Use Change and Forestry (LULUCF) sector is included in the mitigation contributions of nearly 90 percent of countries in Sub-Saharan and Southern Asia countries and in the Latin American and Caribbean regions (FAO 2016). Viet Nam has been implementing its NDC, which includes forestry and land-based mitigation options under the LULUCF sector. The contribution of the sector to committed national emission reduction is significant and cost-effective compared with other sectors. In addition to achieving emission reduction targets, implementation of forestry and land-based mitigation options has the highest benefits for social-economic development and achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (MONRE 2020). Challenges, however, lie in the way national priorities and targets are translated into sub-national delivery plans and the way sub-national actors are brought together in orchestration (Hsu et al 2019) in a context where the legal framework for climate-change mitigation is elaborated at national rather than sub-national levels and coordination between government bodies and among stakeholders is generally ineffective (UNDP 2018). In many developing countries, conventional ‘top–down’, centralized land-use planning approaches have been widely practised, with very little success, a result of a lack of flexibility in adapting local peculiarities (Amler et al 1999, Ducourtieux et al 2005, Kauzeni et al 1993). In forest–agriculture mosaic landscapes, the fundamental question is how land-use planning can best conserve forest and agricultural land, both as sources of economic income and environmental services (O’Farrell and Anderson 2010). This paper provides guidance on monitoring integrated tree-based landscape management at commune level, based on the current legal framework related to natural resource management (land and forest) and the requirements of national green-growth development and assessment of land uses in two communes in Dien Bien and Son La provinces. The concept of integrated tree based landscape management in Viet Nam is still new and should be further developed for wider application across levels.
2
Phuong, Vu Tan, Nguyen Van Truong, Do Trong Hoan, Hoang Nguyen Viet Hoa, and Nguyen Duy Khanh. Understanding tree-cover transitions, drivers and stakeholders’ perspectives for effective landscape governance: a case study of Chieng Yen Commune, Son La Province, Viet Nam. World Agroforestry, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5716/wp21023.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
Integrated landscape management for sustainable livelihoods and positive environmental outcomes has been desired by many developing countries, especially for mountainous areas where agricultural activities, if not well managed, will likely degrade vulnerable landscapes. This research was an attempt to characterize the landscape in Chieng Yen Commune, Son La Province in Northwest Viet Nam to generate knowledge and understanding of local conditions and to propose a workable governance mechanism to sustainably manage the landscape. ICRAF, together with national partners — Vietnamese Academy of Forest Sciences, Soil and Fertilizer Research Institute — and local partners — Son La Department of Agriculture and Rural Development, Son La Department of Natural Resources and Environment, Chieng Yen Commune People’s Committee — conducted rapid assessments in the landscape, including land-use mapping, land-use characterization, a household survey and participatory landscape assessment using an ecosystem services framework. We found that the landscape and peoples’ livelihoods are at risk from the continuous degradation of forest and agricultural land, and declining productivity, ecosystem conditions and services. Half of households live below the poverty line with insufficient agricultural production for subsistence. Unsustainable agricultural practices and other livelihood activities are causing more damage to the forest. Meanwhile, existing forest and landscape governance mechanisms are generally not inclusive of local community engagement. Initial recommendations are provided, including further assessment to address current knowledge gaps.
3
Donnelly, Phoebe, and Boglarka Bozsogi. Agitators and Pacifiers: Women in Community-based Armed Groups in Kenya. RESOLVE Network, November 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37805/cbags2022.4.
Full textAbstract:
This research report is a case study of women’s participation in community-based armed groups (CBAGs) in Kenya. It examines: the diversity of women’s motivations to participate in community-based armed groups in Kenya; women’s roles and agency within community-based armed groups, communal conflicts, as well as community security and peacebuilding structures; and gender dynamics in conflict ecosystems, including social perceptions about women’s engagement in conflict. This case study contributes to the literature on women and CBAGs by examining the variations in their engagement across a single country, based on diverse local contexts. Data collection sites for the study included 1) the capital city, Nairobi; 2) Isiolo County; 3) Marsabit County; 4) Mombasa County; and 5) Bungoma County. Together, these sites provide insight into local conflict dynamics in rural and urban areas; on country borders and on the coast; and in communities with ethnic polarization, land conflicts, criminal gangs, and histories of violent extremism and secessionist movements. The Kenyan research team employed a qualitative approach to data collection through key informant interviews (KIIs), focus group discussions (FGDs), and the use of secondary source data. The findings show that there is no single template for understanding women’s engagement with CBAGs; instead, women’s motivations and roles within these groups are varied and highly contextual, just as with the motivations and roles of men. This study demonstrates the utility of context-specific analyses at the sub-national level to capture the range of women’s participation in and engagement with CBAGs and their greater contributions to the local security landscape.
4
Opportunity Assessment to Strengthen Collective Land Tenure Rights in FCPF Countries. Rights and Resources Initiative, October 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.53892/biqd7113.
Full textAbstract:
Across the world, about 1.6 billion people are estimated to live in and depend on forest landscapes for their livelihoods. Yet less than half of the lands and territories claimed by Indigenous Peoples and local communities are formally recognized by governments. Research shows that Indigenous Peoples and local communities are among the most effective groups are conserving and sustainably managing the land and forests that they live and depend on. If we know this, the question becomes how do we expand their rights to natural resources? What opportunities exist to strengthen their land and forest tenure rights? After more than a decade of engaging with Indigenous Peoples and local communities through REDD+ readiness and implementation efforts, participant countries of the Forest Carbon Partnership Facility (FCPF) have gained insights into what is needed to strengthen communal and collective land forest tenure. This comprehensive report provides an assessment of countries affiliated with the FCPF’s Carbon Fund and lays out cross-cutting challenges as well as opportunities to advance Indigenous Peoples’ and local communities’ land rights.