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Journal articles on the topic 'Communal Relations'

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Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 13 February 2022

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AIDALA, ANGELA A. "Communes and Changing Family Norms." Journal of Family Issues 10, no. 3 (1989): 311–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/019251389010003002.

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This article examines attitudes and behaviors regarding marriage, parenting, and lifestyle among former members of communal groups. A follow-up sample of 635 individuals who lived in a variety of communes in the early 1970s was restudied using personal interviews and self-administered questionnaires. Ex-commune members are less likely to have married than others in their age group. Sizable proportions currently live in multi-adult households. The vast majority of respondents hold open the possibility of collective living some time in the future. Attitudes show continuity of ideological criticisms of traditional life styles and a commitment to emotional openness and negotiated role relations within the family. Findings support a cohort-historical explanation of the commune movement. Communal experimentation was both a manifestation of and a contributor to the larger process of family change.

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Hughes, T. G., and W. E. Snell. "Communal and Exchange Approaches To Sexual Relations." Sexual Abuse: A Journal of Research and Treatment 3, no. 2 (1990): 149–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/107906329000300202.

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Hughes, Thomas G., and William E. Snell. "Communal and exchange approaches to sexual relations." Annals of Sex Research 3, no. 2 (1988): 149–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00850867.

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Helgeson, Vicki S., Howard Seltman, Mary T. Korytkowski, and Leslie RM Hausmann. "Partner unmitigated communion moderates communal coping benefits in type 2 diabetes." Journal of Health Psychology 25, no. 5 (2017): 674–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1359105317729561.

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The study goal was to determine whether partner’s level of unmitigated communion moderated the relation of partner communal coping to patient health. Couples in which one person was recently diagnosed with type 2 diabetes ( n = 123) were interviewed separately and asked to discuss a diabetes-related problem. Communal coping behavior (from videotaped discussions) interacted with partner communal coping, such that partner communal coping was related to lower patient distress, higher patient self-efficacy, and higher patient medication adherence only when partners scored lower on unmitigated communion. The extent to which perceived emotional responsiveness and overprotective behavior mediated these relations was explored.

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Aydin, Anna Lisa, Johannes Ullrich, Birte Siem, Kenneth D. Locke, and Nurit Shnabel. "Agentic and communal interaction goals in conflictual intergroup relations." Journal of Social and Political Psychology 7, no. 1 (2019): 144–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.5964/jspp.v7i1.746.

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Members of conflicting groups experience threats to different identity dimensions, resulting in the need to restore the aspect of identity that was threatened. Do these needs translate into specific goals in social interactions? In the present research, we examined the hypotheses that (1) experiencing one’s ingroup as illegitimately disadvantaged or victimized arouses agentic goals (to act and appear assertive and confident) when interacting with the advantaged or victimizing group, while (2) experiencing one’s ingroup as illegitimately advantaged or perpetrating transgressions arouses communal goals (to act and appear warm and trustworthy) when interacting with the disadvantaged or victimized group. Study 1 (N = 391) generally supported both hypotheses across diverse intergroup contexts involving gender, national/ethnic, and consumer identities. Study 2 (N = 122) replicated this pattern in a context of occupational identities. Study 2 further showed that the effect of ingroup role on agentic and communal intergroup goals was not moderated by participants’ general dispositional preferences for agentic and communal goals in interpersonal interactions, thus demonstrating how ingroup role exerts a distinct and robust influence on goals for interactions with other groups. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.

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Chekhovska, Iryna, Natalia Nykytchenko, and Tetiana Bilous. "THE CLASSIFICATION OF SOURCES OF REPRODUCTION OF SHADOW RELATIONS IN THE SPHERE OF PRODUCTION AND REALIZATION OF HOUSING AND COMMUNAL SERVICES." Baltic Journal of Economic Studies 4, no. 5 (2019): 396. http://dx.doi.org/10.30525/2256-0742/2018-4-5-396-404.

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The purpose of this article is to analyse the sources of shadow relations in the sphere of production and realization of housing and communal services (technologies and causes of their occurrence, subjects’ complex, level of danger, etc.); the classification of these sources of shadow relations, the definition of priorities in the development of state measures on the localization of certain sources of shadow relations in the field of production and implementation of housing and communal services, depending on the trend of their development, the level of danger to society. Methodology. The methodological foundations of research the sources of shadow relations in the field of production and realization of housing and communal services are determined by a set of methods of scientific knowledge, which allow considering the studied topics as a multidimensional, interdisciplinary phenomenon. In the course of scientific research, the following methods were used: scientific abstraction and systemic were used to generalize the current state of the production and realization of housing and communal services, to define a system of administrative measures in order to distinguish its shadow aspects; systematic structural and formaldogmatic methods allowed exploring and classifying the sources of shadow relations; formal-legal was used to study the regulatory framework governing the relations in the field of study. The paper also uses methods of statistical, comparative analysis, dialectic, extrapolation, etc. Results. The classification of sources of shadow relations will allow monitoring of financial and economic capital and document circulation in the sphere of production and realization of housing and communal services in order to determine the whole spectrum of sources of shadow relations – from socially neutral, socially positive, socially-changing (disappearing) sources of the informal sector shadow economy, to socially-variable (newly created), socially negative and antisocial sources of the underground sector of the shadow economy. The isolation of the most dangerous sources of shadow relations, producing a significant illegal potential in the field of production and implementation of housing and communal services will enable the development of a causal rather than a consequential problem and a way to combat the most dangerous acts that are reproducing-progressing sources of the shadow economy in this area of research.

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O'Flaherty, Michael. "Communal tenure in Zimbabwe: divergent models of collective land holding in the Communal Areas." Africa 68, no. 4 (1998): 537–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1161165.

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This article discusses the historical construction of land tenure patterns in the Communal Areas of Zimbabwe, previously the Reserves of colonial Rhodesia. In many respects the form of communal tenure found in the Communal Areas today emerged during the early colonial period. While being glossed as ‘traditional’, communal tenure is a contradictory amalgam of local, regional and state initiatives. The discussion outlines the historical development of present tenure relations in the Communal Areas, reviews their multiple sources of legitimacy and suggests that common property regimes in Zimbabwe are not simply the artefact of colonial indirect rule.

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Zhu, Yushu, and Qiang Fu. "Deciphering the Civic Virtue of Communal Space." Environment and Behavior 49, no. 2 (2016): 161–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0013916515627308.

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Drawing on a citywide survey of 39 urban neighborhoods and a qualitative case study of a neighborhood in Guangzhou, China, this research addresses how communal space, social capital, and neighborhood attachment (NA) jointly shape neighborhood participation (NP). Communal space is strongly and significantly associated with NP. Furthermore, we find that communal space is related to NP in two ways: promoting place-based social relations (the social-capital mechanism) and nurturing place attachment (the intrapsychic mechanism). These findings point to the significance of communal space as a civic focal point in community building and place making.

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Trepanier, Lee. "CIVIL LIBERTY, COMMUNAL SAFETY." Review of Politics 68, no. 1 (2006): 150–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0034670506280070.

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Freeden, Michael. "Ideologies as communal resources." Journal of Political Ideologies 4, no. 3 (1999): 411–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13569319908420807.

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Arfi, Badredine. "Democratization and communal politics." Democratization 5, no. 1 (1998): 42–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13510349808403547.

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Kouchaki, Maryam, Francesca Gino, and Yuval Feldman. "The Ethical Perils of Personal, Communal Relations: A Language Perspective." Psychological Science 30, no. 12 (2019): 1745–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0956797619882917.

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Most companies use codes of conduct, ethics training, and regular communication to ensure that employees know about rules to follow to avoid misconduct. In the present research, we focused on the type of language used in codes of conduct and showed that impersonal language (e.g., “employees” or “members”) and personal, communal language (e.g., “we”) lead to different behaviors because they change how people perceive the group or organization of which they are a part. Using multiple methods, including lab- and field-based experiments (total N = 1,443), and a large data set of S&P 500 firms (i.e., publicly traded, large U.S. companies that are part of the S&P 500 stock market index), we robustly demonstrated that personal, communal language (compared with impersonal language) influences perceptions of a group’s warmth, which, in turn, increases levels of dishonesty among its members.

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Naoki, Motosuke, Toshiya Tanioka, Koji Karasawa, and Akihiro Kinoshita. "Communal entropy of bulky molecules. Pressure–volume–temperature relations of triphenylchloromethane." Journal of Chemical Physics 94, no. 12 (1991): 8342–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.460066.

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Fischer, Markus. "Feudal Europe, 800–1300: communal discourse and conflictual practices." International Organization 46, no. 2 (1992): 427–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020818300027776.

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The discipline of international relations faces a new debate of fundamental significance. After the realist challenge to the pervasive idealism of the interwar years and the social scientific argument against realism in the late 1950s, it is now the turn of critical theorists to dispute the established paradigms of international politics, having been remarkably successful in several other fields of social inquiry. In essence, critical theorists claim that all social reality is subject to historical change, that a normative discourse of understandings and values entails corresponding practices, and that social theory must include interpretation and dialectical critique. In international relations, this approach particularly critiques the ahistorical, scientific, and materialist conceptions offered by neorealists. Traditional realists, by contrast, find a little more sympathy in the eyes of critical theorists because they join them in their rejection of social science and structural theory. With regard to liberal institutionalism, critical theorists are naturally sympathetic to its communitarian component while castigating its utilitarian strand as the accomplice of neorealism. Overall, the advent of critical theory will thus focus the field of international relations on its “interparadigm debate” with neorealism.

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Zajdel, Melissa, Vicki S. Helgeson, Howard J. Seltman, Mary T. Korytkowski, and Leslie R. M. Hausmann. "Daily Communal Coping in Couples With Type 2 Diabetes: Links to Mood and Self-Care." Annals of Behavioral Medicine 52, no. 3 (2018): 228–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/abm/kax047.

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Abstract Background Adjusting to the challenges of a chronic illness does not affect patients alone but also influences social network members—most notably spouses. One interpersonal framework of coping with a chronic illness is communal coping, described as when a problem is appraised as joint and the couple collaborates to manage the problem. Purpose We sought to determine whether daily communal coping was linked to daily mood and self-care behavior and examined one potential mechanism that may explain these links: perceived emotional responsiveness. Methods Patients who had been diagnosed with diabetes less than 5 years ago and their spouses (n = 123) completed a daily diary questionnaire that assessed communal coping and mood for 14 consecutive days. The patients also reported daily self-care behaviors. We used multilevel modeling to examine the links of communal coping to patient and spouse mood and patient self-care. Because both patients and spouses reported their mood, the actor-partner interdependence model (APIM) was employed to examine mood. Results Multilevel APIM showed that actor communal coping was associated with lower depressed mood, higher happy mood, and lower angry mood and partner communal coping was linked to higher happy mood. Patient communal coping was related to better dietary and medication adherence, and spouse communal coping was linked to better medication adherence. Perceived emotional responsiveness partially mediated the relations of communal coping to mood but not to self-care behaviors. Conclusions Communal coping on a daily basis may help both patients and spouses adjust psychologically to the illness as well as enhance patient self-care behaviors.

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Datta, Sreeradha. "Post‐election communal violence in Bangladesh." Strategic Analysis 26, no. 2 (2002): 316–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09700160208450047.

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Cousins, Ben. "Debating communal tenure in Zimbabwe." Journal of Contemporary African Studies 12, no. 1 (1993): 29–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02589009308729546.

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Krom, Mikhail. "Communal Liberties and Fragmented Sovereignty." Russian History 41, no. 4 (2014): 440–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18763316-04104003.

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The paper’s basic premise is that the fate of a medieval city commune was determined to a large extent by its status in a bigger political system. Moreover, most of European towns and cities had only, to use Charles Tilly’s term, “fragmented sovereignty” when the control over the city was divided between several authorities including the city magistrates and a prince or an emperor. It means that city republics should be studied in their political settings, i.e., through the lens of their relations with the other powers in the region. In the paper, such an “environmental” approach is applied to fifteenth-century Pskov, a typical “fragmented sovereignty”, which was dependent on the Novgorod archbishop and on Russian metropolitan in ecclesiastic affairs and belonged to the Grand Principality of Vladimir and Moscow in secular politics. Medieval Pskov had its own judicial system and legislation resembling that of some German cities and until the 1460s even enjoyed the right to invite and expel princes who had been turned into the city magistrates. But as the emerging Muscovite state tightened its control over North Western Russian lands in the second half of the fifteenth century, Pskov’s liberties were gradually reduced. The fate of Pskov finally absorbed by the Muscovite monarchy in 1510 was not unique: the Russian city followed the path of many other communes in different parts of Europe where emerging early modern sovereign states put an end to local autonomies and various “fragmented sovereignties”.

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Nurdin, Muhamad Fadhil. "The Communal Land Ownership Conflict between Lewobunga and Lewonara Villages, East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia." International Journal of Multicultural and Multireligious Understanding 6, no. 1 (2019): 123. http://dx.doi.org/10.18415/ijmmu.v6i1.496.

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In the context of conflict on communal land ownership between Lewobunga and Lewonara Villages, in East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia this article found that not all the western sociological theories are relevant to analyze social conflicts in Indonesia which culturally diverse in the both villages. Generally, this article attempts to examine two main issues. First, to examine the existing sociological theories in relations with the local communal land ownership in Indonesia. Second, to examine the sociological theories in the context of communal land ownership conflict between Lewonara and Lewobunga villages. This is qualitative research with Hermeneutic Reproductive approach and the result of this article obtained from the fieldwork data.

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Mumtaz, Soofia. "The Demographic Determinants of "Successful" Village Cooperatives." Pakistan Development Review 34, no. 4II (1995): 609–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.30541/v34i4iipp.609-617.

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Worsley and his colleagues (1971) have drawn attention to the tendency in all traditional societies, to assume communal relations as 'solidary' in nature. The structure of village cooperatives is presumed to reinforce the solidarity of those relations. Anthropological analyses, however, have illustrated that communal relations range from those that could be termed 'solidary' to relations that are in direct conflict. The response of the local population to the changes introduced within the co-operative framework is therefore likely to be cross-culturally varied. Moreover, the demographic features of historically common conditions of a geographical area, it is argued, are also pertinent to the "success" that maybe expected of village cooperatives with reference to their stated objectives. The strength and identity of the socio-economic groups inhabiting a given geographical region play a role in defining local response to the changes introduced and their likely outcome.

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Guerrero, Andrés. "Unité domestique et reproduction sociale : la communauté huasipungo." Annales. Histoire, Sciences Sociales 41, no. 3 (1986): 683–701. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/ahess.1986.283303.

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Ce travail se propose d'analyser les stratégies de reproduction que mettent en œuvre les unités familiales nouvellement formées en vue de leur reproduction sociale dans un cadre communal. Pour ce faire, nous avons considéré le cas, socialement très précis, d'un type d'unités familiales, connues dans la région andine équatorienne sous le nom d'apegadas (qui signifie collées), en une phase déterminée de leur cycle de développement et en un moment historique particulier : une communauté huasipunguera, inhérente à la forme de production de l'hacienda de la Cordillière ‘. Dans le cas étudié, par stratégies de reproduction nous entendons l'ensemble des pratiques des agents sociaux appartenant à des structures familiales et communales agraires (huasipungueras), mises en œuvre pour constituer de nouvelles unités familiales et parvenir à un déroulement continu du cycle vital domestique. Pour réaliser ses stratégies de reproduction, le groupe social des apegados va mobiliser l'ensemble des possibilités dont il dispose, par héritage ou par acquisition : ressources économiques, mercantiles ou non, relations de parenté, sanguine ou rituelle, alliances, tout le tissu d'obligations et de droits de type inter-domestique ou communal.

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Krause, Jana. "Gender Dimensions of (Non)Violence in Communal Conflict: The Case of Jos, Nigeria." Comparative Political Studies 52, no. 10 (2019): 1466–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0010414019830722.

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Peacebuilding is more likely to succeed in countries with higher levels of gender equality, but few studies have examined the link between subnational gender relations and local peace and, more generally, peacebuilding after communal conflict. This article addresses this gap. I examine gender relations and (non)violence in ethno-religious conflict in the city of Jos in central Nigeria. Jos and its rural surroundings have repeatedly suffered communal clashes that have killed thousands, sometimes within only days. Drawing on qualitative data collected during fieldwork, I analyze the gender dimensions of violence, nonviolence, and postviolence prevention. I argue that civilian agency is gendered. Gender relations and distinct notions of masculinity can facilitate or constrain people’s mobilization for fighting. Hence, a nuanced understanding of the gender dimensions of (non)violence has important implications for conflict prevention and local peacebuilding.

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Kumar, Radha, and Ashutosh Varshney. "India's House Divided: Understanding Communal Violence." Foreign Affairs 81, no. 4 (2002): 171. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/20033250.

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Nolte, I. "Federalism and Communal Conflict In Nigeria." Regional & Federal Studies 12, no. 1 (2002): 171–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/714004729.

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BYMAN, DANIEL, and TAYLOR SEYBOLT. "Humanitarian Intervention and Communal Civil Wars:." Security Studies 13, no. 1 (2003): 33–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09636410490493859.

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Gatawa, Muhammad Mukhtar. "The Role of Islam in the Yoruba-Hausa Harmonious Relations in Southwestern Nigeria." IIUC Studies 12 (December 10, 2016): 111–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/iiucs.v12i0.30585.

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In Nigeria, academic discourse on inter-group relations over the years has been narrowed down to only two interrelated terms: conflict and violence. This is due to the rising cases of inter-ethnic and inter-religious conflicts witnessed in the multi-cultural and multi-religious Nigeria. This paper intends to argue that the escalating ethnic and religious consciousness is greatly the handiwork of elites and politicians who employ both ethnicity and religion as effective tools for mass mobilization and manipulation of citizens psyche in their attempt to dominate the state power apparatus and resources. It also affirms the view that, as far as the Yoruba and Hausa communities of Agege are concerned, a high level of cordial inter-group relations had been achieved, owing to inter-communal mechanisms developed amongst the Yoruba and Hausa communities over the years of interaction. One of the effective vehicles through which the cordial inter-communal relations are achieved is Islam.IIUC Studies Vol.12 December 2015: 111-126

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Wu, Wenyuan, and Janet Ge Xin. "Communal Space Design of High-Rise Apartments: A Literature Review." Journal of Design and Built Environment 20, no. 1 (2020): 35–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.22452/jdbe.vol20no1.4.

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Satisfactory communal space in high-rise apartments helps to create a harmonious living atmosphere and enhance neighbourhood relations. This review summarises and analyses the research on the design of communal areas in high-rise apartments with consideration of five aspects: space division, universal design, security design, landscape design and decoration design. The aim is to achieve a comprehensive understanding of current design concepts relating to communal space in high-rise apartments and to identify key design considerations that are necessary for the development of sustainable high-rise apartments. The paper proceeds with three objectives: (1) to develop a comprehensive policy for communal space to support the sustainable development of high-rise apartments; (2) to identify research on the building materials that can be used to improve the environment of the communal spaces; and, (3) to identify areas that can improve the planning and management of open spaces in high-rise apartments with the help of existing information technology. Overall, this review provides some useful insights for the sustainable development of high-rise apartments in terms of shared-space design, while revealing gaps in the literature and areas for further research.

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Gross, Toomas. "Religion andRespeto: The Role and Value of Respect in Social Relations in Rural Oaxaca." Studies in World Christianity 21, no. 2 (2015): 119–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/swc.2015.0114.

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This paper discusses the relationship between religious affiliation and the ways that the notion of ‘respect’ (respeto) is used in common discourse in rural Oaxaca. Drawing on the ethnographic example of indigenous Zapotec villages in the Sierra Juárez, I examine how Protestants and Catholics employ the term to justify their attitudes towards each other and towards the norms of communal life. Both consider ‘respect’ an important value in social relations, but in significantly different ways. Catholics conceptualise ‘respect’ mainly as a hierarchical value central to which is the villagers' subordination to the authority of customs and communal leaders. For most Protestants, however, respect is a horizontal notion that is associated with freedom of religion and the right of individuals to distance themselves from local traditions without being socially excluded or marginalised. The differences between these two perspectives are reconciled by a mutual acknowledgement of the need to ‘reciprocate’ respect.

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Tajima, Yuhki. "Explaining Ethnic Violence in Indonesia: Demilitarizing Domestic Security." Journal of East Asian Studies 8, no. 3 (2008): 451–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1598240800006500.

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Recent scholarship on communal violence in Indonesia since the late New Order has focused on identifying causal mechanisms of particular subtypes of communal violence such as large-scale communal violence, town-level communal rioting, intervillage violence, and lynching. While such analyses are useful in understanding aspects specific to each subtype of violence, analyzing each subtype separately risks the analytical problem of selection on the dependent variable if there are important similarities across subtypes. Drawing on the observation that each of these subtypes appeared to rise and fall together since the late New Order, I propose a common factor that can explain the broad temporal patterns of communal violence. In particular, I point to increasing restraints on the military that arose from intraregime infighting, greater scrutiny of military actions during theketerbukaan(political openness) period, and the withdrawal of the military from police duties during Reformasi. I examine four cases of communal conflict: (1) a case in which intravillage violence was averted, (2) a case of lynching, (3) a case of lynching and subsequent intervillage reprisals, and (4) a case of large-scale communal violence. The first three cases are from Lampung province, and the fourth is the case of Poso district, Central Sulawesi.

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Wig, Tore, and Daniela Kromrey. "Which groups fight? Customary institutions and communal conflicts in Africa." Journal of Peace Research 55, no. 4 (2018): 415–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022343317740416.

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Why are some ethnic groups embroiled in communal conflicts while others are comparably peaceful? We explore the group-specific correlates of communal conflicts in Africa by utilizing a novel dataset combining ethnographic information on group characteristics with conflict data. Specifically, we investigate whether features of the customary political institutions of ethnic groups matter for their communal-conflict involvement. We show how institutional explanations for conflict, developed to explain state-based wars, can be successfully applied to the customary institutions of ethnic groups. We argue that customary institutions can pacify through facilitating credible nonviolent bargaining. Studying 143 ethnic groups, we provide large-N evidence for such an ‘ethnic civil peace’, showing that groups with a higher number of formalized customary institutions, like houses of chiefs, courts and legislatures, are less prone to communal conflict, both internally and with other groups. We also find some evidence, although slightly weaker, that groups with more inclusive or ‘democratic’ customary institutions are less prone to communal conflicts.

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Hartoyo, Hartoyo. "Muakhi (Brotherhood) and its practices related to preventing communal conflict in multicultural societies." Masyarakat, Kebudayaan dan Politik 32, no. 3 (2019): 227. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/mkp.v32i32019.227-239.

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In preventing communal conflict, the role of local wisdom is often considered to be a mechanism to maintain the peacefulness and closeness of inter-ethnic relations. Many researchers also argue that conflict prevention should practiced during both pre- and post-conflict. This study, therefore, aims to explain the role of Muakhi as the local wisdom in Lampung Province for recovering inter-ethnic relations in post-communal (inter-ethnic) conflict based on two empirical cases, namely the Balinuraga conflict in South Lampung and the Pematang Tahalo conflict in East Lampung, Lampung Province. The data was collected through in-depth interviews and documents. A total of 74 informants, consisting of local residents and community leaders from Lampung, Java and Bali ethnics totaling as many as 60 people (each village 15 people). There were also 14 informants who were village, district and regency government officials, including the police department and military personnel. The data was analyzed through a qualitative approach based on the constructivist paradigm. The study found that Muakhi refers to the concept of brotherhood accepted by the immigrants who are both ethnic Balinese and Javanese. Thus, this study suggests that the practice of Muakhi in the post-communal conflict through the strengthening of the moral values and the sociocultural relationship is an effective way of restoring communal conflict. However, this study argues that there is resistance to using Angkon Muakhi in a more detailed ceremony.

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Dewayani, Triana Noor Edwina, Muhammad Wahyu Kuncoro, and Sowanya Ardi Prahara. "The Description of Communal Sharing on Working Wives with Work-family Conflicts (Javanese Family): Indigenous Psychology Approach." Digital Press Social Sciences and Humanities 5 (2020): 00012. http://dx.doi.org/10.29037/digitalpress.45347.

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This study aims to explore the form of communal sharing in social relations between working wives who experience work-family conflicts with husbands in Javanese families based on the indigenous psychology approach. This research was conducted in the Special Region of Yogyakarta as one of the centers of Javanese culture. The characteristics of the research respondents were the wife, who identified herself as a Javanese woman having children under the age of 12 who lived with her husband and worked as professionals. Data were collected using the exploratory method in the form of a survey with open-ended questions. The data analysis shows an overview of social relations communal sharing between working wives who experience work-family conflicts with husbands in Javanese families, which is based on the indigenous psychology approach. The forms of social relationship communal sharing between wife and husband include: husband fulfilling physical and psychological needs of the wife, husband protecting wife, husband willing to help wife, husband understanding wife, wife serving husband and children, wife managing house, educating children, supporting husband works, open and maintain family communication between husbands and wives. These findings illustrate that the nature of the relationship between husband and wife can take different forms. Providing needs, protecting or guiding the wife becomes the responsibility of the husband, while serving the husband, managing household work, and educating the child to become the responsibility of the wife. Thus, this finding describes the nature of communal sharing.

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Pirozhkova, I. G. "Formation of the Legal Status of the Housing and Communal System in Russia: the Initial Historical Stage." Pravo: istoriya i sovremennost', no. 3(12) (2020): 034–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.17277/pravo.2020.03.pp.034-039.

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The article is devoted to the reconstruction of the historical process of formation of urban planning legislation that regulates public relations regarding the creation, maintenance and operation of housing and communal systems. The material was prepared on the basis of regulations included in the Complete Collection of Laws and the Code of Laws of the Russian Empire. The conclusion is made about the presence of non-systematized sporadic normative acts of different levels and effect, covering the areas currently united by the concept of “housing and communal services”, including those specified in codifications of Russian law created in the 19th century. It is concluded that the beginning of the 20th century elements of the “common part” of housing and communal legislation and the relationship of the presented area of regulation with police law were formed.

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Popov, N. V. "Evolution of Tariff Government Regulation in Energy and Communal Markets on the Basis of Smart Regulation System." Administrative Consulting, no. 6 (August 24, 2021): 148–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.22394/1726-1139-2021-6-148-157.

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The Aim. Analysis of eﬀects according to digital pricing system advent in energy and communal sphere in Russia as a part of new industrial revolution.Purpose of a research. Review of a current world trends on energy markets, determination of ways and instruments for tariﬀ regulation digital development on the energy and communal markets, deﬁnition of possible results from complex digitalization of tariﬀ regulation system.Methodology of a research. During research of this article were widely applied instruments of complex theoretical analysis, cause-eﬀect relations were tested between theoretical hypothesis and practical realization of digital tariﬀ regulation models.Result of a research. By the author were written and systematic deﬁned concept of pricing digitalization system on the Russian energy and communal markets according to analysis of main world trends in this economic sphere. The term of digital platform of tariﬀ regulation was developed.Output. Digitalization of tariﬀ regulation could develop premises for deregulation of energy and communal spheres in Russia enable the competence development and lower the entrance barriers for new market players what can lead to higher innovation and investment level recruited in these important markets.

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Besta, Tomasz. "Independent and Interdependent? Agentic and Communal? Self-construals of People Fused with a Group." Anales de Psicología 34, no. 1 (2017): 123. http://dx.doi.org/10.6018/analesps.34.1.266201.

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Four studies were conducted to examine how self and group identity fusion is related to self-construals, self-perception of agentic and communal traits, and the desire for self- and group verification. In study 1 (N1 = 244), identity fusion in relation to country and gender was examined, while in studies 2 (N2 = 164), and 3 (N3 = 166) participants’ relations with social groups important to and chosen by them were analyzed. Study 4 (N4 = 796) included football fans, and they described their relations with other fans. The results showed that high identity fusion was described by (a) high results for interdependent and independent self-construal, except when fusion with country was considered (studies 1, 2, and 4); (b) simultaneously high agency and communion (studies 3 and 4); and (c) a strong desire for self-verification at the group and personal levels of self-description.

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Fisk, Kerstin. "Camp settlement and communal conflict in sub-Saharan Africa." Journal of Peace Research 56, no. 1 (2019): 58–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022343318814588.

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Are areas that host encamped refugees more likely to experience communal conflict, and under what conditions? Building on insights from the refugee studies literature suggesting that settling refugees in camps can intensify intercommunal tension in host communities, this article investigates the effect of refugee encampment on the occurrence of communal conflict at the subnational level in sub-Saharan Africa. It first tests for a general relationship between the overall presence and population intensity of encamped refugees and communal conflict before assessing whether this relationship is moderated by local-level characteristics, including interethnic linkages and political and economic marginalization within the host region. The basic findings show that communal conflict occurs more frequently in regions where refugees are camp-settled. Tests for interactive effects indicate that refugee camps have a significant marginal effect on conflict only if they are located in areas with politically marginalized host groups. Origin country/host region ethnic ties are shown to exert significant moderating effects. Moreover, results from an extended set of analyses show that the form of refugee settlement matters, as the presence and population intensity of self-settled refugees are related to decreases in the occurrence of communal conflict.

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Ikfal Raharjo, Sandy Nur. "Managing Conflict Through: Cross-Border Cooperation: A Study at the Indonesia-Timor Leste Border." Journal of Indonesian Social Sciences and Humanities 6, no. 1 (2018): 71–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.14203/jissh.v6i1.60.

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Since the separation of Timor Leste from Indonesia in 2002, disputes over the border area have existed and have occasionally escalated to be communal con?icts. Due to the involvement of people to people relations, government to government negotiation is not enough to resolve these con?icts. Hence, both countries established cross-border cooperation as an alternative. This research analyzed the role of cross-border cooperation in managing communal con?icts in the border area between the Timor Tengah Utara District of Indonesia and the Oecussi District of Timor Leste. The research was conducted in a qualitative approach, while the data was collected by interview, observation, and literature review. This study showed that crossborder cooperation played a signifcance role in managing the con?ict by reducing violence, building and maintaining social relations, as well as improving the economic development of the local people.

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Pely, Doron, and Golan Luzon. "Hybrid dispute resolution model for migrant-host communities." International Journal of Conflict Management 30, no. 5 (2019): 615–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijcma-01-2019-0009.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to locate, describe and analyze the differences between the way migrants from communal cultures and local communities in Western Europe resolve intra-communal and inter-communal conflicts, and to use the findings to propose a hybrid alternative model that may be able to bridge across identified differences. Such a hybrid model will facilitate enhanced integration and adaptation between host and migrant communities, contributing to improved conflict resolution outcomes. Design/methodology/approach This paper starts with an exploration, review and analysis of existing relevant literature describing refugee/migrant–host community interactions and their consequences. The second stage includes review and analysis of relevant alternative dispute resolution (ADR) literature. The third stage undertakes an examination and analysis of the practices identified in stage two, and the fourth stage proposes a method that uses potentially “bridging” practices by incorporating useful and relevant elements from host and refugee communities’ ADR mechanisms, in a way that may help resolve inter-communal disputes. Findings The paper demonstrates significant differences between host and migrant communities’ dispute resolution practices and the integrability of relevant ADR approaches toward creating a usable, hybrid, bridging approach to handle inter-communal conflicts. Research limitations/implications The paper proposes a hybrid “bridging” host–refugee inter-communal conflict management model. The proposed model should be tested to prove feasibility and viability. Practical implications Should the proposed model prove useful, the practical implications may lead to the construction and use of different (hybrid) conflict management mechanisms in appropriate communities. Such mechanisms may lead to a reduction in the number and severity of inter-communal conflicts. Social implications A reduction in inter-communal conflicts within the framework of a host–migrant interface may have strong positive outcome to inter (and intra) communal relations and may reduce friction, crime, marginalization, hostility and radicalization. Originality/value The paper highlights the challenges to both migrant and host communities when it comes to finding a common ground for resolving inter-communal disputes and offers a pragmatic hybrid model to bridge cultural and functional gaps and help promote mutually satisfactory outcomes.

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Mosher, Catherine E., and Sharon Danoff-Burg. "Agentic and Communal Personality Traits: Relations to Attitudes Toward Sex and Sexual Experiences." Sex Roles 52, no. 1-2 (2005): 121–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11199-005-1199-2.

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Duba, Gulay Umaner, and Nur Köprülü. "Rethinking National Identities in Divided Societies of Post-Ottoman Lands: Lessons from Lebanon and Cyprus." European Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies 4, no. 2 (2017): 113. http://dx.doi.org/10.26417/ejms.v4i2.p113-127.

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The communal identities rooted in the millet system are still salient in post-Ottoman lands. Cyprus and Lebanon offer two cases where ethnic and sectarian identities are more prominent than national identities. In this respect both countries represent highly divided societies in post-Ottoman territories. This article discusses the failure of power-sharing systems in Cyprus and Lebanon, arguing that the lack of cultivation of a common national identity at the founding of these republics remains even today a central obstacle to implementing stable multinational/sectarian democratic systems. As a part of Greater Syria, today’s Lebanon is a homeland to many ethnic and sectarian communities. Lebanese politics historically has been governed by a system of consociationalism, which prevents any one group from dominating the political system. This system of power sharing dates back to the 1943 National Pact, and as a result of the sectarian nature of this arrangement, religious communal identities have a stronger pull than a Lebanese national identity. These communal identities crystallized over the course of a 14-year civil war, and were exacerbated by the assassination of former Prime Minister Rafiq al-Hariri in 2005. In the case of Cyprus, the possibility of cultivating a shared national identity between Turkish Cypriots and Greek Cypriots has historically been suppressed by kin-state relations and colonial policies which have, in turn, resulted in inter-communal conflict. An understanding of this conflict and the nature of the nationalisms of each community helps explain how the 1960 Constitution of a bi-communal and consociational Republic of Cyprus hindered inter-communal relations – a precondition for the cultivation of a common national identity – and ultimately failed. From enosis to taksimto the April 2004 referendum on the UN’sAnnan Plan, the contentious interaction between external constraints and collective self-identification processes subsequently reinforced ethno-religious identifications. Through an examination of such processes, this article aims to identify and illuminate the shifting forces that shape deeply divided societies in general, and that have shaped Cyprus and Lebanon in particular. Understanding such forces may help break down barriers to the development of common national narratives.

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Törnqvist, Maria. "Living Alone Together: Individualized Collectivism in Swedish Communal Housing." Sociology 53, no. 5 (2019): 900–915. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0038038519834871.

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In this study, situated in urban Stockholm, communal housing stands out as highly individualized. The residents positively appraise their way of living, not primarily for values related to collective solidarity, but for enabling autonomy, privacy and easy exits. Rather than theorizing this as a contradiction, communal housing is framed as a case of individualized collectivism, a belonging structure that is evaluated for fostering interpersonal relations with a high degree of independency. The article discusses the notion of Swedish state individualism as an explanatory backdrop and argues that it is the existence of a collective frame – in the shape of a historically embedded welfare program and an everyday housing platform – that enables the residents to sustain their individualized lives. Through an analysis of the residents’ negotiations around self and solidarity, autonomy and dependency, communal housing unfolds as an everyday response to a widespread tension between individualized societies and people’s search for community.

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Kladiwa, LukáŠ Fasora-Pavel. "Gemeindeverwaltung Und Lokale Eliten in Den Böhmischen Läandern 1850-1918, Teilergebnisse Der Forschung in Der Tschechischen Republik." East Central Europe 33, no. 1-2 (2006): 337–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/187633006x00178.

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AbstractAs opposed to German scholarship, the issue of municipal self-government and communal elites has not received much attention in Czech historiography. This represents a significant shortcoming: in the absence of an analysis of the mechanisms by which self-governing municipalities functioned, it is not possible to describe the constitution of modem civil society in the nineteenth century, including the development of national relations. This article provides an overview of relevant German and Austrian literature, proposes a methodology of research in the Czech environment, including an analysis of the use-fulness of individual types of archival sources, and offers preliminary results of the reviewers' research on the cities of Moravská Ostrava and Brno. Close attention is paid to the social-professional composition of communal elites, national and religious development, municipal economies with regard to communal companies, and the process of creating a modem state administration.

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Kaluma, M. L. "Travail communautaire et électoralisme — l’exemple de Liège." Travailler le social, no. 7 (February 3, 2016): 53–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1035008ar.

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À Liège, suite à la fusion des communes (1976), le pouvoir communal mit en place une expérience de travail communautaire afin de tenter de cerner les besoins de la population. Alors que les relations entre élus et électeurs étaient marquées par une forte personnalisation des interventions avant la fusion, la mise en place d’un service des relations publiques reste marquée par la même implication électoraliste. C’est par rapport à cette restructuration que l’expérience de travail communautaire se développe à partir d’un nouveau discours centré sur la promotion du « dialogue avec la population ». À partir du déroulement de l’expérience, des difficultés qu’elle fit surgir de l’usage de techniques comme l’analyse transactionnelle pour résoudre les conflits, il apparaît que les résultats recherchés en matière d’extension d’une base électorale au plan local et la prise en charge des coûts de fonctionnement des collectivités locales par les citoyens sont éminemment contradictoires... Cette contradiction détermine l’arrêt de l’expérience de travail communautaire.

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Engineer, A. A. "Towards a Materialist Explanation of Communal Violence." Comparative Studies of South Asia, Africa and the Middle East 7, no. 1 and 2 (1987): 50–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/07323867-7-1_and_2-50.

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Hack-Polay, Dieu, and John Mendy. "And Labor Came to Us: Making Use of an Opportune Workforce—Enhancing Migrant Integration into British Economy." Labor Studies Journal 43, no. 1 (2017): 29–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0160449x17744350.

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This article considers the opportunities presented by the availability of migrant labor in the U.K. employment market and its utilization. The research found that despite their qualifications, migrant labor is underutilized, thereby resulting in a readily available workforce being shunned and excluded from participative integration. This raises economic and ethical questions whose exploration revealed structural barriers (individually, communally, and institutionally) that impeded migrants’ fulfillment of citizenship obligations to host communities and U.K. businesses. The article’s key contribution is to highlight a skills mismatch and the persistent absence of institutional, communal, and strategic frameworks to support migrants’ integration.

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Lee, Yeunjae. "Bridging employee advocacy in anonymous social media and internal corporate social responsibility (CSR)." Management Decision 59, no. 10 (2021): 2473–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/md-01-2020-0101.

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PurposeThis study explores the link between internal corporate social responsibility (CSR) and employee advocacy intention in the anonymous online environment, viewing the positive behavior of employees in anonymous social media as discretionary and altruistic efforts for their organization. Guided by social exchange theory (SET) and relationship management theory, the role of a communal relationship and organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) is likewise explored.Design/methodology/approachAn online survey was conducted with 405 full-time employees in the US.FindingsResults showed that internal CSR positively influences the organization–employee communal relationship as well as OCB. Results further show that the employee-oriented communal relationship plays an important role in increasing OCB, which in turn enhances employee advocacy intention in anonymous social media.Originality/valueThis study is one of the first attempts to conceptualize employees' advocative behaviors in anonymous websites (e.g. Glassdoor) and to explore the antecedents of advocative behaviors, drawing insights from human resources management and internal relations.

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Vladetic, Srdjan. "Serbia's Republic Directorate for Communal Services." International Journal of Public Sector Management 26, no. 2 (2013): 111–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09513551311317979.

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Jiggins, Janice. "Communal politics under the Donoughmore Constitution 1931–1947." International Affairs 62, no. 4 (1986): 706. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2618627.

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Anderson, David M. "Policing and communal conflict: The Cyprus emergency, 1954–60." Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History 21, no. 3 (1993): 177–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03086539308582912.

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Mitra, Subrata K. "Lifting the veil: communal violence and communal harmony in contemporary India and Democracy and violence in India and Sri Lanka." International Affairs 71, no. 2 (1995): 429–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2623530.

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