Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Communautarisme'
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Tchaptchet, François Pinardel. "Communautarisme et solidarité africains : l'expérience associative camerounaise." Paris 8, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA080389.
Full textAfrica, south of the Sahara has, of recent witnessed on upsurge of a multiplicity of autonomous associations. Among these are mixed and homogeneous groups with more specific and precise objectives. The goals of these groups determine to a great extent their social stratification another phenomen which is responsible for more social cohesion in African societies is known as "tontines" - local contribution or saving groups more locally known as "djangis" which function as traditionnal banks, are also emerging in some European countries. Their focus is on consolidating brotherly ties which strengthens and increases the traditionnal structures. In fact a person in African context is conceived as part and parcel of the community, in his family, village and society and his greatest preoccupation is the amelioration of the well being of his nuclear family
Neyrat, Frédéric. "Fantasme de la communaute absolue et constitution du politique - lien et deliaison." Université Marc Bloch (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998STR20057.
Full textMatar, Sayed. "Les fondements de la justice politique : théorie rawlsienne et communautarisme." Thesis, Paris 4, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA040075.
Full textIf the study of the movement known as ‘‘communitarianism’’ seams worthy of attention, this is precisely because its arguments are not advanced on behalf of regressed and closed communities but in the name of democracy itself. The ‘‘philosophical communitarianism’’ that interests us here is radically different vision of holistic ethnic or political link. In brief, the communitarian argument supports the priority of the good on the right, priority in the double meaning of a primate politic and has a prior moral and cultural anteriority, that is to say, the content of the course procedures guaranteeing fairness. Conversely, for the liberals, priority of the right over the good means that individuals rights can’t be sacrified in the name of a common good, and that the principles of justice (human rights) cannot be derived from a conception of the good and instead must be established independently of any conception of the good. Liberal, John Rawls, situates the discomfort of the democratic tradition by the inability of the latter was handed manner to articulate the concepts of liberty and equality. Begins as a debate, for communitarians, around the definition of democratic identity : do the political and the cultural define the right or are the liberal subjective rights won by their priority?
Haggui, Jamel. "Les Algériens en Tunisie de 1871 à 1962 : du communautarisme au nationalisme." Toulouse 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010TOU20005.
Full textFollowing the conquest of Algiers by the French in 1830, and in the course of the territorial expansion carried out by the French army in various regions, many natives of Algeria headed out in several directions into exile. Being the nearest country, the Regency of Tunis was to receive several waves of human convoys coming from various Algerian regions. This research aims to study the path of those Algerians in Tunis during the period 1871-1962. Their status was to undergo developments and changes. Our hypothesis is that those Algerians who initially displayed a strictly community-based behaviour were to undergo social and political changes that would make them more attentive and receptive to the currents present in the host country. This phenomenon, which was already perceptible during the 1930s, was to become more distinct immediately following the Second World War, and especially following the outbreak of the Algerian war. However, it should be noted that this move from a focus on community to nationalism was not a linear movement, was not completed in a single day and did not involve everybody at the same time. It was a question of a complicated and variable identity process, one which lasted as long as it took an individual to undergo a change from his position of "member of a community", to "de-communitise" himself, and to finally feel involved in the "nationalist project". Actors did not pass through these three stages at the same speed, sometimes presenting us with quite particular situations. Our research will attempt to reconstruct the path of the Algerians in Tunis through two great periods, to study their modes of organisation in exile, the relationships they were to build between themselves, and the relations they were to have with their own country. We will also examine the question of their relationships with their host country, Tunisia, which itself was to experience the realities of colonialism. They fled France in Algeria, only to find it once more in Tunisia
Dagher, Walid Jalal. "Le comportement activiste des ONG libanaises : un essai sur la persistance du communautarisme." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AIXM2007.
Full textThe economy of organizations examines the institutional mechanisms that lead to the production and exchange of goods and services. This thesis analyzes the mode of operation of NGOs which are specific to the Lebanese Society. It raises the following question: how can one explain the appeal of NGOs to the Lebanese people and the lure to use and benefit from its services? This thesis has demonstrated that these NGOs operate to achieve certain goals of political nature. The theory of political entrepreneurship applies to this concept and is considered as the theoretical framework of this dissertation. Accordingly, this thesis posits that a new political balance is achieved in the Lebanese society. In order to highlight the effectiveness of Lebanese NGOs, this thesis proposes an empirical methodology based on both quantitative and qualitative approach. The main objective of the proposed model is to underscore the existence of a relation between the perception of individuals benefiting form services rendered by NGOs and their sectarian affiliations. This dissertation reveals that the majority of people benefiting of NGOs services in Lebanon belong to a certain sect that favors people pertaining to its denomination in terms of redistribution. This signifies that the effects of sectarianism are still rampart in the Lebanese society. Lebanese NGOs can be considered as pressure groups that play an intermediary role on the Lebanese political scene. This intermediation of representative democracy allows a reconsideration of political strategies of pressure groups especially as to go beyond the norms of egalitarian representative democracy used in the Lebanese model of governance
Dagher, Walid Jalal. "Le comportement activiste des ONG libanaises : un essai sur la persistance du communautarisme." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Aix-Marseille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AIXM2007.
Full textThe economy of organizations examines the institutional mechanisms that lead to the production and exchange of goods and services. This thesis analyzes the mode of operation of NGOs which are specific to the Lebanese Society. It raises the following question: how can one explain the appeal of NGOs to the Lebanese people and the lure to use and benefit from its services? This thesis has demonstrated that these NGOs operate to achieve certain goals of political nature. The theory of political entrepreneurship applies to this concept and is considered as the theoretical framework of this dissertation. Accordingly, this thesis posits that a new political balance is achieved in the Lebanese society. In order to highlight the effectiveness of Lebanese NGOs, this thesis proposes an empirical methodology based on both quantitative and qualitative approach. The main objective of the proposed model is to underscore the existence of a relation between the perception of individuals benefiting form services rendered by NGOs and their sectarian affiliations. This dissertation reveals that the majority of people benefiting of NGOs services in Lebanon belong to a certain sect that favors people pertaining to its denomination in terms of redistribution. This signifies that the effects of sectarianism are still rampart in the Lebanese society. Lebanese NGOs can be considered as pressure groups that play an intermediary role on the Lebanese political scene. This intermediation of representative democracy allows a reconsideration of political strategies of pressure groups especially as to go beyond the norms of egalitarian representative democracy used in the Lebanese model of governance
Valter, Stéphane. "La construction nationale syrienne : légitimation de la nature communautaire du pouvoir par le discours historique." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998IEPP0001.
Full textThis study problematizes, within the Syrian context, the relationship between, on the one hand, the major trends in the writing of history (mostly ancient) and the modes representing the past (essentially territorial) and, on the other, the construction of new points of reference for the national identity. The time frame is the contemporary period(i. E since the beginning of the 1970's until the present). The representations of history which sustain this analysis are essentially those linked to Syria's ancient (pre-islamic) past to the extent that their analysis facilitates an understanding of the way in which the present regime, considered as a quasi-exclusive socio-political actor, tries to legitimize, by means of a certain type of symbolic-historial discourse, its heterodox muslim origin and its monopoly of power in a largely Sunni environment. The narrowly sectarian nature of the regime has in this way been considered as a determining factor in the entire process of historical discourse and symbolic manipulation, to the extent that the essential idea consists in bestowing upon arabness and islam-two references for identity that the historical constructions cannot dispense with-an image allowing the Syrian regime to strengthen its own legitimacy. One notes that a salient feature of representation of the past is found in the effort to have history and the national territory coincide, although not without ambiguity. The study of the archaeological remains, which has the role of reinforcing the discourse on the remote (pre-islamic) past, has been stressed in this work. The originality of the documentation used ultimately lies in the linkage between, on the one hand, the reflection on both (written) historiographical sources and the way the archaeological vestiges (as well as the patrimonial objects) are interpreted, and, on the other, the constructions of the nation's identity
Delaballe, Anne. "Les nourritures du partage et de la discorde : étude des relations sociales entre bouddhistes et musulmans du Ladakh au travers de l'analyse des échanges alimentaires." Paris, EHESS, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006EHES0267.
Full textTaheri, Moosavi Mohammad Saeid. "La politique d'intégration française : les droits culturels et religieux des musulmans." Paris 9, 2010. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=2010PA090044.
Full textGhoussoub, Dani Debard Thierry. "Le rôle du confessionnalisme dans la vie institutionnelle libanaise." Lyon : Université Lyon 3, 2008. http://thesesbrain.univ-lyon3.fr/sdx/theses/lyon3/2007/ghoussoub_d.
Full textLacroix, Justine. "Communautarisme versus libéralisme: quel modèle d'intégration politique? Les présupposés normatifs d'une union politique européenne à la lumière des débats intellectuels contemporains." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/211347.
Full textPena-Ruiz, Henri. "Philosophie de la lai͏̈cité." Paris 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA010633.
Full textStavo-Debauge, Joan. "Venir à la communauté : une sociologie de l'hospitalité et de l'appartenance." Paris, EHESS, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009EHES0067.
Full textIn this thesis we try to propose a general sociology of hospitality and belonging, through an attention to the various moves of the stranger, the one who is coming to a community and, by doing so, putting to a test its hospitality as well as the grounds of the belonging, A first part is about the works of Simmel and Schütz, it shows how they both manage to escape the question of hospitality, due to the way they figure the stranger. A second part opens an ontology of the strangeness, though an inquiry into a various philosophical traditions, which is extended to a sociology about the appropriation of the new and strange by the common, then it tries to draw a grammar of the sense of hospitality and to specifies the fundamental operations and trials that each community encounters, In the third part, the first fieldwork is about a living community (inhabiting a collective house) initiated by some activists who happen to rediscover the virtues of political liberalism and to change the trials of belonging, while encountering the radical strangeness of newcomers to the community, In the fourth part, the second fieldwork is about the French anti-discrimination policy and the controversies that turn around the question of "racial" or "ethnic" categories, policy and controversies lightened by a comparison with the English case, If the cohabitation community and the national community do not have the same extension, historically and spatially, they have to foster a dolorous inquiry about the figurations of strangeness and about what are a good hospitality and a just belonging
Calvini, Claude. "Île Maurice Évolution sociétale et Structures du mouvement sportif entre Communautés et Communalisme 1945-1985." Phd thesis, Université de la Réunion, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00459001.
Full textPerreau-Saussine, Émile. "Perfectionnisme et impatience chez Alasdair MacIntyre : du christianisme marxiste au néo-thomisme." Paris, EHESS, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000EHES0062.
Full textChamoury, Hammoud Ghada. "La constitution des Sunnites en tant que communauté au Liban et leur actuation à travers l'école." Paris 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA010530.
Full textCastaignède, Monique. "La régulation du partage du pouvoir politique au Liban : la logique communautaire dans le cadre des accords de Taëf." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BORD0004/document.
Full textThis analysis of the socio-historical birth of political power in Lebanon, its own nature as well as its implementation, concerns the different ways of viewing democratically regulated conflicts in a multi-directionally and politically oriented plural society based on a historical agreement signed in 1943.There is a challenge to compromise East and West, a balance without obvious loser and winner.The difficult project of creating a consensus among a governmental coalition while respecting the Lebanese model of democracy required personal and group compromises without room for subsidiarity.While taking into consideration the segmentation, the need to do not overlap the contradiction of consensus and opposing ideas among politico-communitarian cleavages, this work aims at demonstrating that the accord of Taef followed by the after Doha, lead to a fragile consensus which weakens the stability of the country during the following political crisis.The Lebanese consociate system re-enforced by opening to a transcultural public space may show its capacity to evolve, mature, within the existing gap between the consensus institution proposed by the elite and the social pressure
El, Mufti Karim. "Reconstruction d'État dans les sociétés multicommunautaires, analyse comparative entre le Liban et la Bosnie-Herzégovine." Paris 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA010264.
Full textSoutou, Antonio. "Histoire du football au Liban : à la recherche d’une indépendance." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LYO10039.
Full textAfter being liberated from the Ottoman occupation in the end of the First World War and placed under the French mandate until its independence in 1943, Lebanon succeeded to maintain a certain stability on both economic and security levels until the outbreak of the civil war in 1975, and more specifically on April 13 of this year, when Beirut was divided into two clans: the Eastern clan inhabited by Christians and the Western clan inhabited by Muslims. The Taif Agreement (officially, the Document of National Accord) was the document that provided the basis for the ending of the civil war and agreed on the Syrian trusteeship that will last until the assassination of the Prime Minister Rafic Hariri in 2005. Since Lebanon’s geographical location inserts him in the heart of the Israeli Arab conflict and comes along with the inter and intra community differences, we wonder to what extent the development and the expansion of the football, a humble element in this large History, would undergo the effects. We wonder how has this sport developed in Lebanon, which institutions were involved? Does the situation in Lebanon allow such comparisons with the development of football elsewhere in the world? This paper tries to answer these questions thanks to local archives, specialized press and various interviews with Lebanese sport leaders and players. It shows in first place how the football has moved from being a university sport to a popular one, it traces in the second place the history of the football institutionalization in 1993 and during the years of glory until the outbreak of the civil war in 1975. It also shows that the civil war was rooted in reality in a long-term period during which confessionalism, i.e. the share of power based on the belonging to a religion, became the rule in most sectors of the Lebanese society
Bouvet, Laurent. ""e pluribus unum" : la nouvelle question identitaire americaine." Paris, EHESS, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998EHESA022.
Full textDuring the 1960's, the american debate over identity has considerably changed. Whereas social sciences mainly laid the emphasis on a liberal pluralism open to cultural diversity but politically assimilationist, as first designed by the founding fathers and nurtured by immigration, the debate has then shifted forwards a new grammar of pluralism. Its rules are now dictated by a principle of identity-differentiation hinging on cultural criteria such as "race", gender, ethnicity, sexual orientation, which are conceived of as determinant, -especially in judicial terms- by minorities willing to situate themselves in the public sphere. This doctoral dissertation aims at highlighting how was newly formulated, within the american socio-historical context of the 1960's, the identity question in the usa. To that end, it focuses analysis on three major trends of thought which have tackled the problem: republicanism, communitarianism, multiculturalism. The three of them have as a common point of departure, the criticism of the classic interpretation of american identity, which they consider unable to fulfill the new demands linked to the identity turn. The different understandings of american identity embodied by these authors convey new approaches to design american political liberalism. They also are a means, above the american exemple, to analyze the meaning of modem identity within liberal democracies and thus to propose some solutions to the challenges faced by these societies
Ashraf, Sherif Sherif Habiba. "Travailler la communauté, dire le sens : mobilisations chiites au Yémen et Bahreïn : Ansâr Allah et al-Wifâq, 2000-2017." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AIXM0031.
Full textThe purpose of this study is to explore how and why does a collective actor manage to politicize and restructure a "sectarian" community. How the processes of community formation are built, maintained and negotiated between society and state? To answer this question, we privileged Yemen and Bahrain as case studies. The present work considers, rather than communities, the process of community formation. It is then necessary to understand to what extent the Shiite movement and the practical processes of community formation were maintained by two principal actors, Ansâr Allah in Yemen et al-Wifâq in Bahrain. Our research is drawn up in three successive phases. The first one (1990-2011) explains the community-building and the processes of community formation by the leaders of the two movements. The second phase (2011-2014) corresponds to the consolidation of the process of communalization initiated by Ansâr Allah and al-Wifâq. We analyzed how the « Arab uprisings » have become a moment ensuring the reconfiguration and reinforcement of the process of communalization, subject of our study. Finally, the third phase (2014-2017) illustrates the community control by the two movements in question. To understand the succession of these three phases, a chronological plan was the most adapted to our research. Based on this observation/assumption, we analyzed how Ansâr Allah in Yemen and al-Wifâq in Bahrain have politically and socially reconstructed the Shiite community, to the point of succeeding in posing as the representatives of this sectarian community
Stephan, Jérôme. "L'identité de la personne humaine : droit fondamental." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AIXM0400.
Full textOne of today’s debates which can no longer be ignored and which has been on everyone’s lips for several years is the concept of identity. It is at the heart of numerous and diverse problematics. Beyond its polysemous paradox, identity is a well-known notion in humanities, whereas in law its outlines are still unclear. What does the legal notion of identity integrate? Can the right to which it is linked be a fundamental one? Identity is not only a set of elements that allows the state to make a distinction between two persons. The official state identification procedures, like civil status and identity documents, have to face current themes and particularly security ones. But identity, after being a long-time state monopoly, is becoming more and more often a way to claim. Indeed, identity, versatile and evolving, is freeing itself from the state regulatory framework so that the individual can express himself and enhance its individualization. Today, identity is not only the answer to « who am I? » but also to « who do I want to be? » Identity claim is part of a personal approach of multiple recognitions such as sex, gender, name, religion and origin. In fact, there is no identity crisis. On the contrary, identity is actually changing. The only crisis it would face would be, as theorized by psychologist Erik Erikson, due to adolescence. Therefore, identity would face a transition before adulthood that would ensure full legal status recognition. The right of identity is being complemented by the emerging right to identity. Even if it is still fragmented, it tends to be recognized as a real fundamental right inherent to human person
Gauquelin, Maud. "De la royauté sacrée à la pluralité religieuse des Moundang, du tchad au Nigéria." Paris, EPHE, 2014. https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01166221.
Full textFrom an ethnological angle ; it is a matter of understanding how the Mundang from South-West Chad, whose ritual system comes under the framework of a divine kingdom, are converting to the Islamic and Christian Religions of the Book. In fact two distinct territories are compared through the figure of a religious migrant, Prophet Isaac. From the courtiers to galaxy of Protestant Churches of the Sudan United Mission created by the German missionary Karl Kumm, he makes his way between the commune of Lere in Chad and Jos, the evangelical “capital city” of the Middle Belt in Nigeria in order to found his own “native” Church among his own. From the rejection of traditional rites of the early Protestants to the French-speaking Catholic inculturation, then to the translation by the Devil through the Pentecostals, the different European and American missionary strategies will be studied. The construction of this work follows three main lines : first, the religious plurality in the Chad territory shows the appropriation by the Mundang who are converted either by opening to the ecclesiastical horizons the missionaries proposed or to the syncretism where space and time are recognized according to local rituals. The second line distinguishes some forms of resistance or permanency of the Mundang cults and practices from divination to witchcraft as well as the transformation of royal rituals such as the three agrarian ceremonies and the funerals. Finally, in a third part, the analysis of the ethnic reconstruction of the Mayo-Kebbi gives the opportunity of understanding why and how the Chadian diaspora takes refuge in Nigeria, the “African Giant”, taking the form of communitarianism, of networks and/or the form of a rhizome depending on the generations. At least, from the early migrants of 1930 to the students of the twenty-first century, from the Mundang villages rebuilt in Numan to the Chadian Church of Jos in the State of the Plateau, we will try to show how the symbolic violence that rejects the dogmas and practices of the other religion is converted into deadly confrontations in order to conquer different territories as well as the political and economical resources
Rakusa-Suszczewski, Mikolaj. "Le Moi et la démocratie dans la théorie de Charles Taylor : bonne volonté humaine : moyen d'expression divine." Paris, EHESS, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004EHES0057.
Full textThis dissertation presents Charles Taylor's work from the point of view of his interpretation of the self. The principle thesis maintains that justifiability of the critique of the punctual self does not clarify the character of engaged self, which can be described in at least three aspects : as a conditioning, as a act and as a obligation (mission). The appeal to act as a form of expression and articulation of identity has in principal a romantic character. Yet the obligation is presented as a central principal, but dissimulated in terms of good will towards reconciliation. This demonstrates the central role played by the meaning of the transfiguring Christian principle of love of creation (agape). The metaphysical context of Taylor's thought is not only the point of departure of his critique of diverse philosophical schools and social theories, but it also has positive political implications, even if they may be hard to apply. His holistic approach can be decribed in temrs of political ecumenism and understood as an affort towards reconciling different ideological attitudes in the name of constructing a political environment which helps the complete affirmation of the self. This dissertation clarifies the importance of the hopes to rebuild the Judeo-Christian foundations of occidental culture, formulated by Taylor in the margins of his philosophy
Sleiman, André Georges. "Vivre ensemble mais séparés? : l'émergence et l'évolution des projets de fédération au Liban de 1975 à nos jours." Paris, EHESS, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013EHES0099.
Full textBorn during the war (1975-1990), born from the war, the federalist ideology in Lebanon has presented federalism as an ideal mechanism to manage and prevent inter-sectarian conflict in the Lebanese pluralistic context. Moreover, according to the Lebanese federalists, federalism comes up as the only democratic and viable alternative to Lebanon’s perceived failed state, and to secession be it a panacea or a Pandora’s box, federalism seems to constitute an original response to the challenge of muslim-christian consociation in Lebanon. However, rather than limiting itself to a feasibility study preoccupied with the possible implementation of such a government system in Lebanon, this dissertation is oriented towards a different perspective focusing on the relationship between the federalist principle and inter-sectarian conflict based on a double critique: the first one analyzes the concept of ethnic identity by scrutinizing the discourses on sectarianism, nationalism, and pluralism; the second one analyzes the modern conception of equality between citizens of a same nation after conducting a review of the federalist discourse on dhimma. This theoretical reflection has required an in-depth socio-historic reconstruction of the elaboration and evolution of the federalist claim; the dissertation therefore exposes at length the way federalism was discussed, appropriated, or rejected. Placing the political and military context of these claims under close scrutiny, the research also profiles the influential actors-dubbed "ethnic entrepreneurs"-who have elaborated, adopted, and put these claims into practice
Ghoussoub, Dani. "Le rôle du confessionnalisme dans la vie institutionnelle libanaise." Lyon 3, 2007. https://scd-resnum.univ-lyon3.fr/out/theses/2007_out_ghoussoub_d.pdf.
Full textConfessionnalism in Lebanon overflows private sphere to monopolize public sphere. Lebanease democracy is so peculiar that it associates two concepts apparently inconsistent to set up a political system. For a western jurist this may look like a ludicrous idea. Impact of confessionnalism on lebanease institutions is so strong that lebanease “democracy”, that we called “community democracy”, seems to be conditioned by confessionnal membership of lebanease citizens. Thus no lebanease can have any legal existence unless being considered as member of such and such confession or such and such community. Even MPs election is subject to confessional agreements. A lebanease is conditionned by his confession membership from the cradle to the grave. Whatever, Lebanon remains a democracy that copes pretty well with religious matter. However, in order to modernize lebanease institutions it must be thought about a possible deconfessionnalisation process. Process considered by the lebanease Constitution as a “national objective”. But what about this objective? Is it reachable? Is it desirable?
Merheb, Céline. "”Réinventer” le Liban : De l’Etat tampon à un Etat souverain." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LYO20118/document.
Full textThis thesis examines the buffer state that Lebanon represents in the Middle East. It shows how all regional and international projects join to create tensions, chronic crises and even armed conflicts in its territory. The analysis of the tensions that undermine the Lebanese scene is hinged on the socio-political system with emphasis on consociationalism and the role of civil society.The reflection points out the weaknesses of the Lebanese constitution, particularly highlighting the topics mentioned in the Taïf Agreement such as decentralization and disarmament of militias which are still relevant aspects ...While mobilizing theoretical and documentary sources for understanding the issues, the research was based on empirical sources: interviews conducted with politicians (Members of Parliament and Ministers) representing various religious convictions and Lebanese political parties. This field work has identified the views and approaches of these politicians about the issues.The thesis highlights the obstacles that still stand in the way of access to full sovereignty underlining the weaknesses of the consociational system in Lebanon and its buffer state status.The work led to the drafting of solutions that will enable the country to regain its full sovereignty, these solutions require the need to rethink the management of pluralism and the status of a neutral state with respect to conflicts in the region
LE, GOIX RENAUD. "Les "Gated Communities" aux Etats-Unis. Morceaux de villes ou territoires à part entière ?" Phd thesis, Université Panthéon-Sorbonne - Paris I, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00004141.
Full textSur le terrain de Los Angeles, la thèse étudie l'impact politique, fiscal, social de ces quartiers sur les municipalités et voisinages d'appartenance, et met en évidence la construction de discontinuités produites par la fermeture.
La gated community est tout d'abord envisagée comme un produit immobilier de consommation à destination des classes moyennes et supérieures, qui ne se limite pas aux seuls ghettos dorés. La question de la privatisation des espaces et équipements publics est mise en perspective dans le cadre de l'évolution contemporaine des villes de l'étalement urbain, et de ses implications sur la structure sociale et économique. Dans ce contexte, la nature de la séparation public – privé mise en oeuvre est étudiée dans ses aspects juridiques et politiques. Les gated communities sont en quête d'autonomie, et certains de ces quartiers créent leur propre municipalité, afin de capter les ressources fiscales et de protéger la valeur immobilière. On analyse enfin la nature socio-économique des discontinuités occasionnées au niveau de l'enceinte, en comparant les gated communities et les quartiers de leur voisinage. On évalue ainsi les effets de l'enceinte sur la valeur immobilière, et sur la construction de territoires qui se distinguent de leur environnement par le statut économique et l'âge.
Guirguis, Laure. "Fait minoritaire et violence structurelle : émergence d'une « question copte » et mutations contemporaines de la scène politique égyptienne." Paris, EHESS, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011EHES0129.
Full textIn the present text, l have attempted to show how communalism constitutes a structural principle of the Egyptian political order and is key to the analysis of such a significant and normative order. Nevertheless, structure is not a given nor a static element. Partly inherited, structure determines and , organizes social interactions and representations as far as they create it as such, preserve it and, reproduce it as well as its transformations. In other words, the present analysis implies a dynamic and interactive conception of meaning and: norms, as well as of the institutions that embody such meaning and norms, beyond the opposition between structure and agency, practices and representations (or society and culture). But it does not deny the very existence of structural and structuring tendencies, which determine the formation of meaning, values and norms. It follows that this structural data can be modified and that a political decision or project can initiate a structural transformation. Indeed, the main problem of the present investigation remains the possibility of the overthrow or, at least, transformation of this structural order. Such an interrogation addresses the theoretical possibility to dynamically interconnect plurality, liberty and the formation of a political order. It also implies the analysis of actions of dissent as weIl as their efficiency. More generaIly, it invites us to think about the possibility of political actions or practices that would put an end to the violence that, in the present case study, is embodied in the multi-layered subjugation of the Christian minority
Chatelard, Géraldine. "Briser la mosaïque. Lien social et identités collectives chez les chrétiens de Madaba, Jordanie, 1870-1997." Phd thesis, Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Sciences Sociales (EHESS), 2000. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00356872.
Full textEn plus d'une méthodologie d'observation anthropologique du terrain et des acteurs, quatre types principaux de sources ont été exploités : la littérature des voyageurs occidentaux, les archives paroissiales et missionnaires (en particulier celles de la Propaganda Fide à Rome), les témoignages oraux, la littérature d'histoire locale produite à Madaba.
On a adopté un plan chronologique découpé en trois périodes principales. A l'intérieur de chaque partie, l'analyse thématique a été privilégiée en suivant, dans l'agglomération de Madaba depuis sa fondation en 1880, les alliances matrimoniales, politiques et économiques entre chrétiens et musulmans et entre groupes de différents rites chrétiens (essentiellement orthodoxes et latins) afin de déterminer où passent les frontières de l'identité et comment elles changent. Une variété d'acteurs institutionnels et individuels, dont certains apparaissent à un moment historique donné, influent sur la forme de ces frontières : les administrations des États qui se succèdent et leur personnel, les hiérarchies ecclésiastiques, les prêtres, les Grandes Puissances occidentales et leurs représentants locaux, les intellectuels de formation moderne, les partis politiques, les notables traditionnels et modernes, les organisations de la société civile, les émigrés et les immigrés, les tribus et leurs membres.
Centré sur l'agglomération de Kérak, dont sont issus les chrétiens qui fondent Madaba en 1880, le prologue fait apparaître que, dans la Syrie du Sud (Transjordanie) du milieu du XIXe siècle, les institutions ecclésiastiques (grecques orthodoxes) et impériales (ottomanes) n'ont que très peu d'influence sur ce territoire situé à l'extrême périphérie de l'empire. Minoritaires sur le plan démographique et dispersés sur le territoire, les chrétiens ne sont pas marginalisés du fait de leur appartenance religieuse car l'ordre tribal des relations sociales assure différents niveaux d'intégration sociale et de coopération politique et économique entre lignages chrétiens et musulmans en fonction d'autres critères que ceux de l'appartenance religieuse. Les chrétiens sont fragmentés en plusieurs clans et tribus sans que l'on puisse repérer de cohésion confessionnelle. Sur le plan de la pratique religieuse, c'est une forme de syncrétisme qui prévaut. L'impossibilité des échanges matrimoniaux entre chrétiens et musulmans n'est pas nécessairement perçue comme témoignant d'un frontière religieuse infranchissable mais s'inscrit dans le contexte plus vaste des règles qui régissent les alliances matrimoniales entre tribus. L'appartenance religieuse est avant tout un marqueur d'identité tribale.
La première partie analyse comment l'ordre communautaire religieux apparaît dans les dernières décennies du XIXe siècle, sous l'action conjuguée des organisations missionnaires (protestantes et catholiques) et de l'administration alors que les Ottomans entreprennent de rétablir leur autorité sur la Syrie du Sud. Autour de la fondation du village de Madaba par des lignages chrétiens immigrés de Kérak sous l'impulsion des missionnaires latins, on montre comment de nouveaux acteurs religieux et civils entreprennent d'imposer un ordre communautaire des relations sociales à travers l'éducation missionnaire, le marquage d'espaces chrétiens, le contrôle des alliances matrimoniales, de nouvelles pratiques cultuelles, l'accès aux instances de représentation administratives et juridiques ottomanes. Les modalités d'insertion des tribus chrétiennes qui fondent Madaba dans leur environnement permettent de mettre en lumière les résistances à l'ordre communautaire par l'établissement de partenariats économiques et d'alliances politiques avec les tribus musulmanes du lieu selon des logiques lignagères persistantes où les acteurs instrumentalisent à leur profit les nouvelles ressources communautaires fournies par les Églises ou les consulats européens.
Au cours du XXe siècle, la Transjordanie, d'abord sous mandat britannique, accède à l'indépendance. Malgré ce changement politique, le régime monarchique se perpétue sans que les modalités d'insertion sociale des chrétiens ne soient bouleversées au niveau du pays dans son ensemble ou au sein de l'agglomération de Madaba. La deuxième partie se penche alors sur la manière dont l'État hachémite et les Églises majoritaires (grecque orthodoxe et romaine catholique) négocient les frontières des espaces communautaires à travers la législation sur les communautés confessionnelles et leurs prérogatives religieuses, éducatives et caritatives. Le traitement différencié accordé par l'État aux différentes Église en présence ainsi que des relations diverses entre les hiérarchies ecclésiastiques et les laïcs des communautés sont deux dimensions qui contribuent à empêcher la cohésion des chrétiens pris comme un ensemble. Le statut politique des chrétiens est ensuite étudié non en isolation mais en parallèle avec celui d'autres groupes sociaux, Circassiens, bédouins, réfugiés palestiniens, familles musulmanes transjordaniennes du nord et du sud, etc. afin de poser question quant à la réalité d'un statut minoritaire et à l'existence d'une majorité politique dans le royaume hachémite. Il ressort que le régime octroie aux communautés chrétiennes et aux familles chrétiennes de notables (anciens ou modernes) un espace privilégié d'expression et de représentation qui leur permet d'occuper une place centrale, et non marginale, dans la société. Dans le même temps, il est difficile d'identifier une norme identitaire autre qu'hachémite et il apparaît qu'une des modalités d'exercice du pouvoir monarchique repose sur la cooptation d'individus et de familles appartenant à tous les groupes de la société. Dans un second temps, recentrer l'analyse sur l'agglomération de Madaba permet d'observer comment les acteurs locaux relaient les efforts de l'État qui visent à maintenir une fragmentation sociale selon des clivages communautaires et lignagers afin de résister à la formation d'identités politiques transversales qui mettraient en danger sa stabilité. La modernité politique et économique n'en engendre pas moins un système de relations multiples entre chrétiens et musulmans que l'on peut repérer à travers les alliances politiques lors d'épisodes électoraux, dans les mouvements associatifs, dans les partenariats économiques, dans les partis politiques ou lors d'épisodes de conflit aigus tels celui de Septembre noir. En parallèle, les logiques tribales continuent à ordonner conflit et coopération entre groupes de religions différentes qui se définissent d'abord selon leur affiliation lignagère. C'est le cas, en particulier, dans les domaines de l'économie agricole et pastorale traditionnelle, dans les épisodes de règlement de conflits de sang ou d'honneur où prévaut encore le droit coutumier, parfois à l'encontre des prescription du droit musulman. La fragmentation des chrétiens en groupes lignagers est ainsi préservée sans que ne s'effectue une communautarisation incluant une dimension politique. De même, les valeurs qui permettent aux chrétiens de participer pleinement à l'échange social, telles l'honneur individuel ou collectif, le prestige familial, la limitation de l'autonomie des femmes, ne sont pas menacées par l'imposition de normes islamiques.
A partir des années 1970, la polarisation de la population du royaume hachémite entre Jordaniens 'de souche' et Jordaniens 'd'origine palestinienne' amène un processus de différenciation identitaire dans lequel l'organisation tribale en vient à symboliser l'identité jordanienne. Dans le même temps, les islamistes deviennent la principale force d'opposition que le régime tente d'endiguer en réaffirmant son propre caractère musulman et en islamisant de nouveaux espaces de la vie publique. Ces changements de paradigmes de la société politique jordanienne touchent Madaba, ville mixte où cohabitent Jordaniens des tribus et Palestiniens réfugiés, chrétiens et musulmans. De plus, les équilibres démographiques et politiques de la ville penchent de plus en plus en faveur des musulmans. Les chrétiens, autrefois majoritaires, entreprennent alors de défendre leur position de prééminence dans la ville. Les stratégies qu'ils mettent en place pour combattre une double logique de minorisation (en tant que chrétiens et Jordaniens 'de souche') font l'objet de la dernière partie de ce travail. On montre tout d'abord comment les chrétiens résistent sur le terrain à un recul de la neutralité religieuse de l'espace public et à leur mise en minorité démographique et politique (conseil municipal) dans l'agglomération et comment ils se redéploient dans l'espace urbain, créent des réseaux de soutien financier avec les immigrés, amorcent un rapprochement entre Églises, compensent dans le champ politique national la perte de leur hégémonie locale. Dans un second temps, on se penche sur la littérature d'histoire locale que produisent les chrétiens de Madaba afin d'analyser comment ces derniers, en reformulant leur histoire ancienne et récente, se construisent à la fois des identités confessionnelles, ethniques et lignagères et comment elles sont rendues compatibles afin de lutter contre une marginalisation symbolique. Le dernier chapitre se penche sur les élections législatives de 1997 afin d'illustrer la manière dont les chrétiens utilisent leurs imaginaires identitaires comme vecteurs de mobilisation politique à l'occasion des élections législatives, nouvelle arène de compétition depuis la libéralisation de la vie politique intervenue en 1989. Malgré l'existence d'un siège chrétien réservé pour la circonscription de Madaba, ce n'est pas la mobilisation communautaire qui apparaît comme efficace mais bien plutôt le discours des solidarités tribales, éventuellement (mais non nécessairement) en conjonction avec l'appartenance partisane ou confessionnelle. On peut alors avancer que les chrétiens participent pleinement aux dynamiques de la société dans son ensemble.
Tout au long de la période étudiée, la parenté joue un rôle central comme vecteur essentiel de l'identification des groupes, que ceux ci soient dans un espace rural ou urbain. Les chrétiens de Madaba mobilisent les mêmes ressources symboliques que les autres groupes avec lesquels ils sont en contact. Comme l'ensemble de la société, les chrétiens participent à une multitude d'échanges et d'interactions et se positionnent en fonction de ces interactions.
Au-delà de l'étude de cas qui s'ancre dans une ville moyenne de la Jordanie centrale, ce travail s'interroge en conclusion sur le système politique jordanien et sur les modes de légitimation de sa monarchie. Les analyses en termes de construction nationale sont critiquées, le terme de 'minorité' est mis en question tout comme le présupposé classique d'une imbrication nécessairement étroite du religieux et du politique dans les pays dits, ou qui se disent, musulmans.
Sharkey, Ronan. "Libéralisme, communauté et modernité dans la philosophie politique [anglosaxonne] contemporaine : la contestation identitaire et les limites de l'éthique libérale dans un contexte pluraliste." Paris 4, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA040216.
Full textAmar, Jacques. "Identités religieuses contemporaines dans le miroir des droits de l’homme : contribution à une sociologie des droits de l’homme." Thesis, Paris 10, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA100173/document.
Full textThis thesis tries to revive a type of research that originates from first work of French sociology: sociological study of a central concept of juridical field, (that is to say, the so called) in this case Human Rights as much as contemporary invocation to serve religious claims by means of the related texts by individuals or institutions. Systematic invocations of Human Rights at every society level and particularly the contemporary way to express religious identity are the objects of this two levels conducted analysis. Considering this text a Human Rights sociology contribution to religious identity question is therefore appropriate. The rule of law and the way individuals take it over or interpret it is the structural factor on which (depends) is based social fact. Radical specificity of our times is identified in this work at two different levels: Human Rights have turned to a norm likely to be invoked in any type of conflict instead of being just a set of texts of political significance; alteration of rules in force in society, formerly a political fight, are now justified through Human Rights. This analysis has focused on this specificity by developing first a distinction between society of litigation and society of dispute and, in a second time, a typology of religious identities in accordance to the relationship that the individual maintains with the rule of law
Abirached, Philippe. "Charisme, communauté et subjectivité : la place du leader dans la construction du lien politique au Liban : le cas du général Michel Aoun (1988-2010)." Paris, EHESS, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010EHES0124.
Full textWhereas political charisma is usually understood as the personal attribute of the charismatic leader, this work asserts that the followers play a major role in the charismatic relationship and should be consequently seen as one of its main constituents. Based upon the case study of the leadership of general Michel Aoun, a prominent lebanese political figure, this research looks into the connection between charismatic "claim to legitimacy" and political and communal identifications that the leader arouses. How does an army's Chief Commander appointed as head of a transitional government responsible for supervising presidential elections in 1988 managed to establish himself as the ultimate solution to the lebanese political cri sis? How do political allegiances and obedience to the leader's directives remain in spite of the failure of his national rescue mission in 1990 and his political and military defeat? Assuming that charisma is related to the leader's propensity to activate or reactivate boundaries within his group as weIl as between his continuity and other communities, this thesis analyzes and criticizes the notion of za 'âma (leadership). Starting from that idea of the leader's action on the boundaries of collective identity, we aim at rereading the concepts of charisma and community in order to show that understanding "followership" dynamics can help us throwing some light on the mechanism of charismatic leadership
Salvador, Sylvie de. "La construction d'une identité niçoise par les associations du Comté de Nice." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AZUR2017.
Full textIdentity” is a term that first appeared in social sciences in the seventies, and in European and French developmentpolicies, as well as in the UNESCO Recommendations, in the nineties. “Identity” then became a means to acquiresubsidies, a key component to public policies and an essential aspect for any leader seeking recognition. Thismarker of visibility in an increasingly competitive tourism market created the urgency for Nice to adopt an“Identity”, although the town was going through a tourism economy crisis and just pulling out of a significantpolitical slump. Relayed by cultural associations, the seven years municipal policy of the “Etats généraux del’identité niçoise” gave rise to the “County of Nice”. Conceptualised from a founding act – the Dédition of Nice toSavoie – this “County of Nice” has been used as an alibi for a territorial recombining request, whose main driversDépôt de thèseDonnéescomplémentairesare the willingness to separate from the administrative supervision of Marseilles and the call for an advantageousposition in the current negotiations regarding the role distribution in the new European territories. The increasingsupply of identity-related cultural and material goods contributes to their dissemination and makes them evenmore mainstream, which has led to the creation of an imagined community from Nice as the source of a protestingcommunitarianism in a town where cosmopolitanism had been a contributing factor of fame
Castaignede, Monique. "LA REGULATION DU PARTAGE DU POUVOIR POLITIQUE AU LIBAN LA LOGIQUE COMMUNAUTAIRE DANS LE CADRE DES ACCORDS DE TAËF." Phd thesis, Institut d'études politiques de Bordeaux, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00949311.
Full textLawel, Chékou Koré. "Rébellion touareg au Niger : approche juridique et politique." Thesis, Paris 5, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA05D021/document.
Full textTuareg rebellion in Niger : legal and political approach
Salas, Cardona Juan Camilo. "Démocratie pluraliste et droits des minorités." Phd thesis, Université de Strasbourg, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00772744.
Full textBocquillon, Liger-Belair Philippe. "La justice sociale face à l'impôt. Étude sociologique de l'évitement fiscal dans une perspective de philosophie politique." Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSEN044.
Full textThis thesis is based on a qualitative survey among forty-nine taxpayers and tax specialists, as well as the study of the major philosophers of four different theories of social justice: utilitarianism, liberal egalitarianism, libertarianism and communitarianism. It aims at bringing to light tax avoidance and tax evasion strategies as well as the social and individual frames that allow such practices. This is conducted based on a social deviance analysis. Our work will confirm why taxpayers generally are in favour of (legal) tax avoidance. We have also observed a certain acceptance of (illegal) tax evasion. Our sociological and philosophical analysis will provide explanations for this situation. It will also offer new perspectives about the direct and side effects of this dynamic. We have established an ideal-type analysis grid that has allowed to better understand the social norm about tax, both from individual and firm perspectives. We have also created a theoretical model to explain the so-called tax “ras-le-bol”, as a breakeven threshold for taxes. We have eventually proposed original criteria for social justice based on our experience and research work that intends to open up new horizons for rebuilding a fair and sustainable tax and redistribution system
Gagnon, Bernard. "La communauté réinvestie : étude de l'option communautariste comme solution à la crise de représentation du social." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/6566.
Full textTrigeaud, Sophie-Hélène. "Conversion, éducation et communauté : une étude socio-anthropologique, transnationale et contemporaine des pratiques et représentations des "Saints derniers jours" ou "Mormons"." Paris, EHESS, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008EHES0138.
Full textThis socio-anthropological study is about Mormonism, from a transnational viewpoint, in the Western contemporary world. Pointing on the conversion and education/bringing up process, it aims at understanding the final goals of a community. It intends to explore the precise forms and the deep structures of the three facets of Mormonism: conversion, education, community. Lt eventually inquiries into the impact of representations on social and religious practices with a special attention to the making of individuals (with social and religious construction, anthropopoiesis and deification) and to the Mormon Way of Life (as an echo from the history and the first utopian plans of the community). Beyond a socio-anthropology of religion and education, beyond a community study, this thesis gives a more general outlook on the socio-anthropology of the Western contemporary world: instead of the individualistic attitude that many authors admit, it finds the case of a paradoxical society which increases its community strength by a most individualistic way, and that claims for an active and conservative religiosity, very far from any "believing \without belonging"
Lapierre, Alexandre. "Les dynamiques du rapprochement communautaire à chypre depuis 1974." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016INAL0001/document.
Full textThis thesis studies the bicommunal reconciliation movements in Cyprus born in the civil society since 1974, the associations concerned, their members, theirs actions, their success or difficulties in front of vigorous nationalisms in an island tightly halved in two until 2003. Of course these movements cannot be separated from their context, the unsuccessful negotiations under the aegis of the United Nations, the development of nationalisms, the heavy influence of the Mother Countries. We must also take into account the passage of time, the young adults of 2015 have lived neither the 1964 bicommunal clashes nor the 1974 Turk invasion
Jullien, Clémence. "Du bidonville à l’hôpital : anthropologie de la santé de la reproduction au Rajasthan (Inde)." Thesis, Paris 10, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA100146.
Full textSince the 2000s, the Indian government’s long-neglected reproductive health sector has been a subject of growing concern, especially in the northern part of the country. Mortality rates remain high, calling India’s superpower image into question; the sex ratio imbalance keeps growing despite legislative measures to correct it; and, despite a significant dip in the fertility rate, the country now has a population of over one-billion-two-hundred-million inhabitants. Drawing on one-and-a-half years of ethnographic fieldwork in a public hospital and several slums in Jaipur, this study analyses the reactions of women and their families to the techniques of persuasion and decision-making power used by hospital staff and NGO workers who institutionalise maternal health. The study also shows how health programmes meant to secure universal access to care paradoxically reinforce existing stereotypes and tend to make vulnerable patients even more aware of socioeconomic inequalities in their daily lives. Through the lens of women’s experiences, reproductive health appears to be a sensitive node where religious and social tensions of caste and class get expressed and crystallised. Thus, reproductive health is not confined to maternal and child healthcare; it includes core issues of discrimination toward young girls, the limited decision-making power of women, and ambivalence about contraception among women. While often presented in the guise of progress and the national interest, the institutionalisation of reproductive health actually maintains social disparities within Indian society
Nokkari, Mohamed. "Contribution à l'étude des institutions religieuses islamiques dans le Liban musulman et confessionnel." Thesis, Poitiers, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015POIT3005/document.
Full textThe history of genesis of the Muslim religious institutions diverges from that of the other institutions, particularly the Christian ones. In the absence of a powerful central power like the Byzantine Empire, the first muslims did not consent to the orders of a dominant political authority outside of Islam. This is how political-religious institutions developed very early, and those took in charge, all together, the administration of the State and the ruling of the religious matters. To this amalgam was added the dogmatic aspect of Islam, that refused to the clergy any sort of intercession between God and men. This emergence continues in our present days to be a subject of polemic nature between the defenders of a clear separation of the two domains, and the defenders of a totalitarian Islam grouping the spiritual and the temporal. The Ottoman Empire, like its two predecessors, have admitted a close collaboration between the two domains. The modern States are divided between three tendencies: One that cancels or weakens the religious institutions, another that integrates them to the State operation and a third one that exercises neutrality in their regard. Lebanon adopts this third way. To know this mechanism, every religious community has its own central religious engine that exercises legislative, executive and judiciary competencies in all what relates to its religious matters and to the administration of its properties- waqf. How do these religious institutions function? This is the subject of our contribution to the study of the Islamic religious institutions
Eminoğlu, Nihal. "Évolution de la prise en compte et du traitement des anciennes et nouvelles minorités dans le cadre des systèmes de l'OSCE et du Conseil de l'Europe : "nouvelles minorités" : nouveaux concepts, nouveaux enjeux de la nouvelle Europe." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015STRAA029.
Full textThis work focuses on the concept of « new minority » which surfaced in the 2000s and wasinitially analysed by the OSCE. It is a new concept hinging on two notions, minorities and immigrant, which are the factors driving the emergence of this new category: the « new minority from immigrant backgrounds », which includes immigrants, their descendants and refugees in Europe. Our study concentrates more specifically on the first two of these groups, immigrants and their descendants, and on these groups' relationship with the host society as well as the State in which they live. After clarifying the notion of minority and drawing comparisons between new minorities and national minorities, then tracing out a historical overview showing how the notion of minority has evolved, we will arrive at the questions of the protection of the « new minorities » and their integration
Maurer, George-Molland Sylvie. "Les relations intergroupes interethniques, intercommunautaires dans un pays pluriel : le cas des "Créoles" à l'Ile Maurice." Thesis, Grenoble, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014GRENL009/document.
Full textThe image conveyed by Mauritius is full of fantasy with pretty rainbow colours everywhere, beaches of white sand and friendly people. The island was alternately a Dutch, a French and a British colony. It is still a member of the Commonwealth, like other former British colonies, including India. After almost one and a half century under British rules (1810-1968), Mauritius is now an independent Republic, which suffers from the typical trauma linked to decolonisation and the post-colonial era. As a result, we can spot problems linked to identity construction in multiethnic societies along with the dysfunctions related to inequalities among the groups in this country. This thesis proposes to go beyond the idyllic image that we have of this island, to focus on the daily life of its inhabitants, more specifically on the social relationships among the Creoles and between the Creoles and other groups. We try to identify and explain the reasons why a certain class of Creoles is particularly affected by poverty and discrimination, which lead to evils such as prostitution, drugs, alcoholism, domestic violence, rape, street children and teenage pregnancy. After recalling the different phases of settlement in Mauritius, we focus on some controversial concepts such as, "race", colour, globalisation, gaze and perception, to understand the rather conflicting relations among the different communities, especially between Creoles and Hindus. We hypothesise that the historical past and slavery – as well as the dehumanisation affecting Creole ancestors – are still weighing on their descendants. Through case studies, interviews and observations, we analyse the limits in inter-ethnic and inter-community relations, and attempt to define the specificities of each group to determine whether it can be considered as an ethnic group, a community or a simple social group. The results of our field research show that different forms of discrimination are exercised against the Creoles, and that they are mainly due to obstruction by the Hindus, the only true ‘owners' of local political power along with the wealthy Whites and the wealthy Chinese. However, we observe that the Creoles finally seem to accept their identity in a postcolonial world where they find empowerment and are able to distance themselves from their ancestors' slave past
Doganis, Carine Karitini. "Démocratie et transparence : les sycophantes et la délation dans la cité d'Athènes à l'époque classique." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004IEPP0020.
Full textDamberger, Nathan. "« La tendre mère » : la formation identitaire des Juifs du Liban. Le rôle de l’Alliance Israélite Universelle au XXe siècle (1943-1975)." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023SORUL048.
Full textThis thesis deals with the history of Lebanon’s Jewish community, in particular from the end of the French mandate period in 1943 and the creation of State of Israel in 1948 to its disintegration and dispersion in the aftermath of the 1967 Six-Day War. I will demonstrate the crucial place the Alliance Israélite Universelle (AIU), the community’s main educational institution, occupies in the identity formation of its former members to this day. Based on our archival work and interviews conducted in today’s Lebanese-Jewish diaspora world-wide, I argue that the AIU in Lebanon was not only a primary agent of socialization but more importantly an institution that reinforced the notion of belonging to a distinct and primordial ethnic community. I explore the subjective awareness of ethnic belonging which is profoundly contingent and relational rather than intrinsic and essential. This is illustrated by the migratory experience of the former members of this community, an experience which led to a reevaluation of their self-conception and the relying of identity strategies in order to keep, change, transform or reject their previously established identities
Bénichou, Médad. "L'usure depuis la fin des années 1980 des conceptions fondatrices de l'État d'Israël comme État-nation au miroir de l'historiographie, de la sociologie et du droit israéliens contemporains." Paris, EHESS, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007EHES0096.
Full textThe historiography and sociology renewals as well as the outstanding turmoil within the juridical circle that have impressed vividly upon the Israeli society during the eighties constitute an "intellectual mirror" reflecting the erosion of the classical socio-political conceptions of the nation-state. One can notably observe a feeling of exasperation with the national cause, a desire to see the multiculturalist character of its society recognized and protected, and a longing for a supposedly more democratic regime. The echo met by this literature among an elite as well as the disapproval it also generated mean that what it distils certainly belongs to a contemporary democratic trend going beyond the State's borders. Hence the possibility of an analysis stemming from the reflection led in Western societies in the pursuit of a new « vivre-ensemble »
Mazaeff, Chantal. "Une jeunesse populaire à Beyrouth : la communauté et sa mémoire comme réponse à l'imprédictibilité." Paris, EHESS, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010EHES0119.
Full textTo open up to the world at Aïn al-Remmaneh, a popular suburb of Beirut shaped by a civil inter-community war, but most importantly an intra-community war. This gives a specific temporality to the socialization process that every adolescent experiences at the beginning of his or her adult life. Young people of Christian confession remain subject to community instruction involving four major socialization influences: families; confessional schools; churches and political movements. The two main Christian political movements, the Free Patriotic Movement and the Lebanese Forces, lean on this district's history of war to justify their continued dominance. Within this context of tension and the forming of religious identities, we can observe the ongoing socialization process in order to understand bow relationships to other are defined, especially when the other is Muslim and a neighbour or a stranger. Social links appear registered in a logical distinction that transcends culture into community power structures. Beyond this micro-dimension, an overview of the social and historical evolution of Lebanon shows bow identity, set in the process of socialization, intrigues the Lebanese State despite remaining incomplete. Finally, we shall see how the collective memory remains registered in the community logic, and subject to a conflict between the entrepreneurs of these groups memory, in a space where the State did not know how to invest, leaving them to an open field, opponent to a historical and reflexive opus of the Lebanese society
Haddad, Rayan. "Les processus d'insertion de conflits exogènes dans un espace public communautarisé : captations libanaises des crises du Kosovo, du 11 septembre, d'Afghanistan, et d'Irak." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007IEPP0044.
Full textThis research examines the adaptations of the Lebanese “post-anomic” public sphere to the world political context beyond the Westphalian coordinates. It highlights how the societal sphere of a Weak State deals with cases of “turbulence” emerging from the world scene. More specifically, it identifies the processes through which specific “exogenous” crises are incorporated into the “local” Lebanese debate. The intertwinement of the dynamics of “localization” and “globalization” is here clearly illustrated; but this does not preclude any attempt to assess (on a case by case basis) the relative and differing importance of these dynamics within the interaction. We have hence deemed useful to make a (loose) distinction between two concepts: Lebanese “sensitivity” (designating the “local” relation – not devoid of interest - to certain tumultuous international events) and Lebanese “vulnerability” (referring to the dangerous convulsions in Lebanon’s immediate environment). The former concept is predominantly (and processually) related to an efficient normative activism on the part of identity entrepreneurs in the “public sphere” (affected by a simultaneous crisis of state and civil society). The latter concept is foremost the consequence of the interplay of “geopolitical forces” that are not guided in their policy-making by considerations pertaining to fundamental human rights in the Middle East nor to the future of the region’s peoples. The two abovementioned concepts follow intertwined dynamics that we attempt to identify and explain through the analysis of the representations and the policies of various actors at the local and global levels