Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Communauté économique des Etats de l'Afrique centrale'
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Messe, Mbega Christian. "La Communauté Economique des Etats de l'Afrique Centrale (CEEAC) : quelle politique de sécurité pour une organisation régionale à vocation économique ?" Thesis, Reims, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015REIML016/document.
Full textI assesses the strengths and weaknesses of ECCAS in building regional security in Central Africa through a SWOT (including internal and external factors that promote an entity and those that threaten it). Thus, this thesis shows that ECCAS, whose founding objectives were not safe in the classical sense of the term, was finally able to better develop its defense capabilities as its economic integration due to the low complementarity of national economies which up. However, I emphasize the limits of this security dimension: the lack of logistical and financial resources and the set of external powers. These shortcomings tend to discredit the capacities of ECCAS safety and result in the recovery of its responsibilities by other local regional organizations such as CEMAC
Meyer, Angela. "L'intégration régionale et son influence sur la structure, la sécurité et la stabilité d'Etats faibles : l'exemple de quatre Etats centrafricains." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2006. https://spire.sciencespo.fr/notice/2441/53r60a8s3kup1vc9ke039ep06.
Full textIn Central Africa, the inner stability of weak states, such as Cameroon, Gabon, the Central African Republic and Chad, is threatened by the inability of the states to guarantee their populations’ security. This is due on the one hand to a lacking political willingness as well as to problems of deficiency and mismanagement of means and resources. On the other hand, it is related to the new and enlarged understanding of security, which presents the state with challenges it can hardly deal with alone. As this study tries to show, this weakness and the growing risk of instability could be overcome by an increase in regionalism, i. E. Intensive regional cooperation. In Central Africa however, the revival of regional structures since the nineties has not had a significant effect on the region’s security and stability yet. This is not only due to the focus on economic issues, but most notably to the intergovernmental structure of the main regional organisations, CEMAC and CEEAC. By still giving the state a predominant position in decision-making and control, these regional processes do not seem sufficiently adapted to the current international context and the new concept of security. Thence, they do not address enough issues affecting human security. By analysing the principle theories on regionalism and by referring to other examples of regionalisation in Africa, notably ECOWAS and SADC, this study tries to show that a solution could be found in opening the Central African regional structures to non-state actors, especially from the civil society. In this way, it could be possible to overcome the logic of interstate cooperation and to attain a state of integration
Ondias, Okouma Ghislain. "L' Europe communautaire face à la problématique du regroupement des Etats en Afrique Centrale." Montpellier 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006MON10055.
Full textNgolle, III Patrice Emmanuel. "La sécurité civile dans les Etats de la Communauté Economique et Monétaire de l'Afrique Centrale (CEMAC)." Thesis, Montpellier, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015MONTD069/document.
Full textCivil security in the Economic and Monetary Community of Central African States, whose main objective is the protection of persons, goods and the environment, is faced with different contemporary risks and crisis. The quite widespread vulnerability and disregard in this part Africa, heightened by unabating constraints caused by poverty and weak institutional frameworks exposes them to deadly and disastrous disaster consequences.The situation is alarming; yet it is hardly a priority on government policies, both in the internal policies of each CEMAC member state and at the sub regional level.The various actions initiated here and there at the institutional, legal and human levels are still timid. One of the major reasons is that civil security in this part of the continent is relatively young and divided amongst a multitude of actors confronted permanently with dramatic events and the complexity of the crisis.Moreover, it needs more than other fields, to be specified and consolidated. The major problem which is developed in the thesis is then, how to face the challenging issues, avoid and prevent crisis in an environment where the vulnerabilities are enhanced by poverty? In other words, what happens during a disaster in a context where the ability to preempt and to manage risks is particularly limited?From the legal approach, as well as interdisciplinary, we have revealed the limits of the classical model which civil security systems of CEMAC states basically depend on, to the detriment of other relevant models of risk management(taking into account vulnerability and resilience) which feature on the law of civil security of these states just as an alignment.The reality is clear and brutal: risks and disasters are omnipresent in the CEMAC zone; this is the shadow overbearing the present and the future. This gloom reveals the absence of development of the sub region and the poor dissemination of technology and knowledge. Faced with this unprecedented situation, besides risk prevention, we call on breaking this feeling of helplessness, master disaster management, cease from imagining it far-fetchedly; but to think of it in the present, evaluate the resistance and resilience capacities. It is therefore necessary to renew the general organization of civil security in CEMAC states. In this vein, the emergence and/or the enhancement of a community model of protection of persons shall reinforce the sub regional civil security mechanism. The search for informed and participative governance can also be minimum vectors, but powerful catalyst to guarantee human security and fundamental rights
Mouloundou, Boumba Aimé Claude. "La fonction de prêteur en dernier ressort à la Banque des États de l'Afrique Centrale (BEAC)." Bordeaux 4, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009BOR40007.
Full textThe concept of PDR appears in the economic literature from 1797 in England to qualify with Baring, injections of liquidity of the Bank Of England to banks in difficulty during the 18th century. The analysis of Thornton (1802) and Bagehot (1873) complement those of Baring and thus constitute right at the end of the 19th century the classical model of PDR. Long contested, this function has come be recognized. Our study is based on the crisis in the banking systems of the 1980s and 1990s, which led to their BEAC inject liquidity as PDR. The banks had solvency problems due to rising risk of default by the borrower who has caused a significant accumulation of compromised loans, and the failure of internal controls of banks and supervision of the community. Sought to rescue the banks, the BEAC has organized an injection of liquidity by role of lender of last resort strict sense, but of "financial last resort" or "provider of funds" of insolvent banks, resulted in the moral hazard and the inflation. This intervention is to be placed as part of its wider responsabilities to prevent systemic risk in its area rather than its monetary function of PDR. The most banks have gone bankrupt because the monetary and prudential policy of CEMAC is full of many problems that the study is to identify and correct for to make them less vulnerable to economic downturns and crisis
N'Toutoume-Emane, Vincent. "L'articulation entre la politique monétaire et la politique budgétaire dans les états membres de la banque des états d'Afrique Centrale." Paris 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA010044.
Full textThe occurence, during the last decade, of high budgetary deficits in certain countries of the bcas has raised the problem of their financing. Traditionally, in manuals of macro-economy, the point of junction between budgetary policy and monetary policy lies in the ways of financing public deficits. This study aims, firstly, at evaluating the effect of various ways of financing the budgetary deficit on the process of monetary creation. Secondly, it endeavours to foresee the consequences of the budgetary deficit on the activity of the private sector. The analysis carried out shows that it is very difficult to ascertain with accuracy the incidence of the financing of the budgetary overdraft in the monetary creation and on the private sector's activities, because of the absence of a monetary and financial market and the low development of the credit market in the issuing zone of the b cas. On the other hand, the econometric analysis has enabled us to show the impact of the monetary and budgetary policies on the economical activity of the states of the bcas. Moreover, it has put in evidence the effect of crowding in of public expenses and the crowding out of imports by the increase of public expenses. Finally, it has enabled us to refute the agreement whereby private expenses are evicted by the increase of public expenses
Diatta, Mohamed Mamadou. "Statebuilding in the Central African Republic : the preeminence of the Economic Community of Central African States in the ‘transition’ process between 2012-2016." Thesis, Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019IEPP0003.
Full textSince its independence in 1960, the Central African Republic (CAR) has oscillated between turmoil and moments of relative stability, notably under the military regimes of Jean-Bedel Bokassa and André Kolingba. The country’s quasi chronic political instability since the end of the 1980s, has led to successive international responses in the form of peace missions starting in 1997 and ultimately aimed at statebuilding as a solution to the CAR’s crisis of the political. The outbreak of an armed conflict at the end of 2012 led by the Seleka rebellion, however, underlines the weakness of this international enterprise, which ignores the internal political and social dynamics of ‘recipient’ societies. This violent resumption of hostilities in the CAR also brings to the fore the question of the rigidity of the concept of the state and its universal relevance, as limits of international statebuilding policies. The multitude of local and international actors operating in the CAR is indicative of the complexity of this conflict and renders the possibility of a lasting solution difficult. The primary role of the Economic Community of Central African States (ECCAS) in the statebuilding in CAR between 2012 and 2016 is a manifestation of the struggle for influence that this regional actor - in this case its member states - won. The ‘victory’ of ECCAS was gained at the expense of an objective and viable solution to the Central African question, ‘for the benefit’ of states such as Chad and France, and individuals such as Idriss Deby and Denis Sassou Nguesso. The success of this ‘diplomacy of conspiracy’ is illustrative of power dynamics and power struggle and the convergence of political regimes in the subregion, as well as the very paradoxical relationship that France has with its former colonies
Evina, Obam Richard. "La politique fiscale au Cameroun : étude sur l'exercice de la compétence fiscale des Etats depuis la décennie 1980." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AIXM1034/document.
Full textAgainst the backdrop of the conceptual uniqueness of the tax policy implemented by the government, lies a genuine fragmentation of fiscal decision-making sources. The State organ ultimately responsible for tax policy choices actually bears the laborious compromise built on trading of choices between public and private stakeholders at national and international levels. The State of Cameroon which, since independence in 1960, has been the keystone of the whole political edifice, and the initiator of tax-related decisions, is witnessing an adjustment in its unique structure national level due to the combined effect of political democratization and economic crisis. Its erstwhile monopoly in the production of fiscal choices is being fragmented due to the increasingly assertive international scope of tax-related issues. In short, the State's tax jurisdiction is shifting from decision-making monopoly to shared decision-making prerogatives integrating national constraints and requirements at international level. Understanding fiscal policy becomes a central issue in the State's new role of implementing the social contract. The new challenge for the State in the post-modern environment is to enhance its ability to continue to ensure the conceptual uniqueness of the fiscal decision-making process despite the turbulence of the internal order and international society. It is the advent of a smart State bringing together stakeholders involved in the construction of a fiscal order
Epoma, François. "L'intégration économique sous-régionale en Afrique : l'exemple de l'Afrique centrale." Reims, 2005. http://theses.univ-reims.fr/exl-doc/GED00000222.pdf.
Full textThis thesis relates to economic integration. With leaving independences, the african states gathered to face the problems of development and with universalization. But, the result obtained after forty years of existence were not satisfactory. The principal factors which are at the origin of this failure are, ones described as legal realities, due to the non respect of conventions, while the others, legal extra realities, are primarily the economic situation, political, international, environnemental and social. However, the installation of the new economic unions and monetarists after the devaluation of the franc cfa in central and western Africa, constitute a true approach of integration and a hope of realization of integrated zones in Africa
Ngattaï-Lam, Merdan. "Intégration régionale et échanges commerciaux intra sous-régionaux : le cas de la Communauté économique et monétaire de l'Afrique centrale, CEMAC." Amiens, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AMIE0057.
Full textIn Central Africa (CEMAC), despite the recovery in the years 90 alternate UDEAC by CEMAC, the regionalization process did not identify the capacity for an effective approach to the contemporary challenges. This can be explained by the intergovernmental guidance of the CEMAC member States which grant a predominant place in the national sovereignty and regional integration in the CEMAC zone thus remains mixed and concern. Inspired by the question "How subregional intra trade can serve as major assets to the strengthening of the regional integration process", we mean a better understanding of these signifiers in the modelling process. To do this, we read Hugon (1991 ; 2001 ), Balassa (1962), Sophana and Ali. (2005) and Madariaga (2010). We have completed this theoretical Fund by the results of Suarez (2009) and Suarez and Schnakenbourg (2008/2009)
Kuikeu, Oscar. "Quatre essais sur la stabilité monétaire de la communauté économique et monétaire de l'Afrique centrale." Pau, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PAUU2014.
Full textThe recent appreciation of euro (the single european currency unit) against the us dollar have boosted the debate about the cfa franc parity and monetary stability in CEMAC (Central African Economic and Monetary Community) and the West African Economic and Monetary Union (WAEMU). The aim of this thesis is to contribute to the debate for CEMAC. It is organized into four chapters : In chapter 1, a taylor - type monetary policy rule - describing how monetary policy has been conducted in the past - has been implemented within the CEMAC zone. The aim is twofold. On the one hand to grasp the strategy followed by BEAC, in a context of a resurgence of inflationary pressures caused by the currency adjustment in January 1994. On the other hand to examine empirically, the assertion fairly common in literature, of controlling inflation after the devaluation due to a stabilizing monetary policy. The empirical investigation carried out during post-devaluation 1994: 01 - 2003: 07 to monthly frequency, seems more or less confirms this assertion. In chapter 2, the aim is to access, in CEMAC region, the degree of inflation persistence. For this purpose, following Gali and Gertler (1999), we estimate hybrid phillips curves, which include both backward and forward-looking components. The estimation performed, using the Generalized Method of Moment technique, reveals in CEMAC region an important degree of persistence in inflation, which, unlike the results obtained on the major industrialized economies, is remained invariant to the change in economic environment ; in other words, the parameters estimated present with respect to the Lucas critique some immunity. In chapter 3, he main aim is to study the link between the real exchange rate misalignment and the economic growth and to show the empirical proof from the case of Cameroon. An country where economic activity can be regarded as an engine of growth and prosperity within the franc zone. Empirical evidence show that, in Cameroon, the economic growth is adversely affects by the misalignment of the real exchange rate. From an empirical point of view, this contribution provides some guidelines for specifying and estimating growth equation with time series data. In chapter 4, following the neo-classical growth model we analyze the process of conditional convergence in CEMAC. However, the structure of the panel is not standard as characterized by a fairly substantial temporal dimension. Thus, Monte Carlo simulations were carried out to determine the finite sample properties of usual estimators. The empirical investigation conducted thereafter seems to validate the hypothesis of conditional convergence in living standards in the area
Ndongo, Hervé Pascal. "Microfinance et développement des pays de la communauté économique et monétaire de l'Afrique centrale (CEMAC)." Bordeaux 4, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007BOR40020.
Full textSince many decades, micro-finance institutions respond to permanent needs of populations left out of formal banking systems. They became indispensable partners of social and economic development by adapting themselves to permanent population needs. The proof is the consecration by the United Nations General Assembly of the year 2005 "International Year of Micro credit" to honor the contribution of micro credit in alleviating poverty and that of Peace Price Nobel 2006, Professor MUHAMMAD Yunus, the Grameen Bank founder. The object of the present research is exactly to assess the impact of micro-credit in financing developing countries growth, particulary those of CAMEC area, by using techniques of statistical treatment data's, especially principal components analysis. It enlighten micro-finance problem by : the typology of micro-finance institutions ; financial flows of public aid to development compared to those of micro-finance institutions ; the nature of risk face micro-finance institutions. In others words, the fundamental question of our work are : does the micro-finance constitute a factor of development in the CAMEC zone ? What is it veritable contribution in the fight against poverty in that zone ?
Guindo, Adama. "Le régime juridique des importations de technologie dans les Etats de la C. E. A. O." Nice, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985NICE0004.
Full textMamadou, Asngar Thierry. "Mobilisation de l'épargne financière et réformes des systèmes financiers dans les pays de la communauté économique et monétaire de l'Afrique centrale (CEMAC)." Nice, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001NICE0047.
Full textTchimmogne, André. "La facilitation du transport maritime de marchandises dans la Communauté Économique et Monétaire de l'Afrique Centrale (CEMAC)." Thesis, Paris 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PA01D032.
Full textIn the wake of the port reform that took place in Cameroon at the end of the 1990s, the public authorities hoped that the ideal transit times for goods to be imported should be 7 and 2 working days for export in the medium term. In order to take into account the difficulties associated with the experimental phase of the reform during the transitional period, the duty periods considered more or less attainable during which the goods should not be liable to demurrage and / or parking fees, were fixed at short term at 11 and 7 days, respectively for import and export. In the third quarter of 2017, the analysis of the figures presented by CONAFE shows that the average of these delays varies respectively between 16 and 18 days for the importation of the containers and between 16 and 20 days, for the importation of the vehicles. Specifically, 63%, 54% and 57% of containerized import goods paid penalties in the first three quarters of 2017. On one hand, 89%, 84% and 86% and on the other hand, 54, 49 and 67% of the imported vehicles paid the same penalties during the same intervals during their stay at SOCOMAR and TMFD. The situation is almost the same in the ports of the other states of the CEMAC sub-region. Importers of goods in transit face the same difficulties. A comparative study presents more or less laudatory statistics in other sub-regions of the world, notably in Europe. In such a context that is not unique to CEMAC, it is necessary to review the different procedures and measures prescribed for the movement of goods. In addition to the logistical challenge, there are also issues related to legal instruments that are inapplicable or that have shown their limits because of the dissensions recorded during their implementation. Particularly in the CEMAC, the reform of the transport and trade procedures, the legislation as well as the coordination of the various actors of the transport chain are an emergency. It is clear that there is also a real lack of infrastructure and both material and financial means. Added to this are issues of governance, legal predictability, transportation risks, and the need to protect the environment. At the end of the analysis, it emerged that many efforts have been made. The fact remains that the CEMAC States can only genuinely facilitate their trade by taking advantage of international instruments. In addition to the existing texts, certain innovative provisions of the Rotterdam Rules and the Trade Facilitation Agreement must make it possible to solve the problems related to the contractual relations, the deadlines, the costs of passage and the delivery of the goods. No doubt that is what justified the almost servile appropriation of the first text by the Community legislator and the ratification of the second by certain States. But to make the most of these instruments, their adoption and implementation must take into account the economic context of the sub-region. If effective participation in trade is a sign of power, their policy of community ownership or adoption should take into account the sub-regional economic context
Eyada, Ayissi Théophile. "Gestion des opérations de privatisation et performance des entreprises privatisées: cas de la communauté économique et monétaire de l'Afrique centrale." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/211108.
Full textAkasha, Amin Amal. "L'Afrique fiscale." Montpellier 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990MON10029.
Full textBobbo, Amadou. "Externalités budgétaires et Policy mix dans une union monétaire : le cas des pays de la communauté économique et monétaire de l'Afrique centrale (CEMAC)." Université Robert Schuman (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006STR30016.
Full textThis thesis addresses the spillover effects of fiscal policies as well as the fiscal and monetary interactions which rise from macroeconomic policies, justifying Multilateral monotoring criteria in use in the CAEMC. Applying time series analysis to the CAEMC reveals the capacity of fiscal policies to induce modifications of the bilatéral terms of trade structure, but however, these variations are not transmitted to the regional trade. Despite the difficulty met when stimulating CAEMC economies, the regular fall of the interest rate of the BEAC in response to fiscal adjustments, shows the financial dimension of these spillovers. Required macroeconomic coordination had not succeed in ensuring convergence of the public actions. Lastly, the very high sensitiveness of the price level to public actions is the evidence of fiscal dominance in the CAEMC. These results provide an indication of the inappropriate nature of the Multilateral monitoring fiscal rules
Mazido, Abel. "Le régime monétaire du compte d'opérations et le degré de liberté économique des États de la B. E. A. C. : Banque des États de l'Afrique centrale." Toulouse 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987TOU10021.
Full textModern money is immaterial. It is put into circulation without any counterpart from a bank credit, whatever the economic system considered. Its aim is to favour the production of national wealth. The traditional agricultural sector and the informal sector are excluded from the national monetary and financial circuit. Thus they cannot serve as a basis for the accumulation of capital because money is not integrated into these two sectors. Unable to act efficiently neither on monetary policy, nor on budget policy because of the working regulations of the operation account, the states of the B. E. A. C. Resort to the foreign sector's savings by proposing attractive advantages
Bah, Mamadou Aliou. "La fiscalité des pays de la Communauté économique des Etats de l'Afrique de l'Ouest (CEDEAO) face à la mondialisation." Paris 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA020123.
Full textLingwe, Pierre. "De l'union douanière et économique de l'Afrique centrale ( u. D. E. A. C. ) à la communauté économique des états de l'Afrique centrale ( c. E. E. A. C. ), les problèmes de l'élargissement de la coopération et de l'intégration économiques en Afrique centrale." Toulouse 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988TOU10022.
Full textThe Lagos plan action, adopted in 1980 by the o. A. U. , had scheduled an african common market around the end of the century through regional arrangements for economic cooperation and integration. Analysis of these intergovernmental attempts for cooperation in customs union run into economic and politic difficulties. In centra african area, the c. E. E. A. C. , created in 1983 without relations with local u. D. E. A. C. And c. E. P. G. L. Can't move towards coordinated development plans and customs union. For instance, how this previous extension of cooperation zone can work? Can economic organization maximise the gains of cooperation and integration without political unity? Monetary diversity and lack of roads, rail ways linking the neighbourg countries in central Africa are the main obstacles of this economic arrangement
Avom, Désiré. "Intégration monétaire préalable ou résultat de l'intégration économique ? : le cas des pays membres de la CEMAC (Communauté économique et monétaire de l'Afrique centrale)." Lyon 2, 1999. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/sdx/theses/lyon2/1999/avom_d.
Full textElobo, Roger Claude. "Le contrôle de la réglementation prudentielle de la microfinance : Cas de la CEMAC (Communauté économique et monétaire de l'Afrique centrale)." Thesis, Paris Est, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PESC0047/document.
Full textMicrofinance has evolved over the years. Insignificant until the 1990 in the Central Africa Economic and Monetary Community (CEMAC) it became the tool used by the World Bank to fight poverty. Combined with poorly codified legal context and exclusive economic policies, its development and rapid expansion was marked by lawlessness and bankruptcies with negative consequences on the economies and moral of populations and clients using microfinance institutions (MFIs).Aware of political issues and encouraged by the experts of the World Bank, the CEMAC Heads of States, sought solutions to regulate this sector by entrusting to the Banking Commission of Central Africa (COBAC) mission to build a regulatory framework and ensure supervision.Despite this regulation, the MFI failure rate remains high which suggests that there are structural flaws that undermine the applicability of the text and/or the exercise of proper supervision.From an empirical study built around sample of microfinance organisations, it is highlighted shortcomings allowing identifying appropriate strategies to address them.The study did not take into account MFI customers’ assets as a risk factor to justify the cautious regulation. This shows that MFIs have an imperfect data not adapted to group loans with joint responsibility and renewed individual loans. Therefore, it encourages focus on the regulation and supervision practices.This microfinance regulation in the CEMAC tends to conform to international prudential standards. But it turns out that it requires corrections for efficiency and effectiveness
Godame, Michel. "La politique de sécurité de la Communauté Économique et Monétaire de l'Afrique centrale (CEMAC) : essai sur le renforcement des mécanismes de coopération entre les États membres." Lyon 3, 2008. https://scd-resnum.univ-lyon3.fr/in/theses/2008_in_godame_m.pdf.
Full textThis thesis wants, in form of essay, to question the strengthening of cooperation's mecanisms among the six memberships (Cameroon, Central African Republic, Congo, Gabon, Equatorial Guinea, Chad), in the centre of the current debate on citizenship and exclusion, affirmation of national identities and integration. It emphasizes, in the first part, the failure's factories of the Custom and Economic Union of Central Africa : the difficult equation nation – federation, the unworkable liberalism which have placed its memberships in (the) « midstream » between the marginality following the globalization's increasing and the new desire for union, the current projects. It points, in the second part and through the CEMAC's promise, to give a better future, by the construction of a real fate's Community founded on the economic and institutional peace. By the way, this thesis would like to show also that the national policies have a distant rapport with the nature or the essence of the integration, even if they have their ideological and historical importance, which remain, therefore, a conventional and unstable process. We are going to analyse these arbitrary constructions which are become the popular beliefs in order to show the desirable direction to the memberships. This work wants finally to criticise the national policies which vacillate between the respect of national sovereignties based on a political victory (the decolonization and the independence) and the will to take up the challenge of the economic and social development resulting of this failure's political victory. In other words, the will to found the collective identity as in a meeting place. The CEMAC's promise will be certainly in this overtaking or passing's effort of local and national identities
Mougani, Gabriel. "Globalisation financière et intégration financière internationale : handicaps et opportunités pour les pays de la Communauté Economique et Monétaire de l'Afrique Centrale, CEMAC." Orléans, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006ORLE0502.
Full textDembi, Duval Antoine. "La spécialisation par la concurrence : le cas des pays de l'UDEAC/CEMAC." Aix-Marseille 3, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001AIX32073.
Full textThe economic integration in Central Africa is suffering of an international specialization more constructiviste and more bureaucratic (A) while an institutional approach would be more fit (B). A - UDEAC/CEMAC, victim of economic constructivism and bureaucracy. Beyond the planned specialization (observed from equitable distribution policy of development projects and sectorial coordination policy) which asphyxiated outrageously the industrial and commercial rise of the Union, the international specialization theories in pur and perfect competition that of international specialization in an imperfect competition are not less critiziable. .
Godjé, Madi. "Réseaux aériens et structuration des territoires : les effets de la déréglementation du transport aérien en Afrique : le cas de la Communauté Économique et Monétaire de l'Afrique Centrale." Le Havre, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005LEHA0051.
Full textComposed of airports and lines that connect the places, air networks need fewer infrastructures on the ground. Since the American Air Deregulation, air transport is in change. This change subjects the African States to a brutal crisis and the considerable consequences. The example of the Economic and Monetary Community of Central Africa (EMCCA) is rather clear. Indeed, in the 1960s, states of this part of Africa set up policies favourable to air transport: multiplication of airports and connections under cover of the state-owned air carriers as well as to structure and develop their territories as to post and affirm a national sovereignty newly acquired. With the change in the international air transport, they have no possibility to remain effective actors in the field. They confronted besides with economic and financial crisis such as measurements known as of structural adjustment are imposed to them by the international backers (World Bank, International Monetary Funds) not very inclined to maintain the mechanisms of the public intervention in the sector that they dedicate to market and private interests. The financial bankruptcy of the States leads to the bankruptcy of the state-owned air carriers. That raises some problems for the service road the country. Il is developing an accessibility very differentiated from the places. The example of the EMCCA shows a problem that involves most African countries. How to build effective air connections in order to benefit from an increasing demand of air transport ?
Bakoup, Ferdinand. "Évaluer l'incidence des politiques d'intégration économique à l'aide d'un modèle d'équilibre général calculable de politiques commerciales : aspects théoriques et application à l'Afrique centrale." Clermont-Ferrand 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996CLF10173.
Full textEfforts aimed at creating an economically integrated area have been ongoing in Central Africa for a substantial period of time. Following the recent devaluation of the CFA franc, African franc zone countries have decided to turn that policy adjustment into an opportunity to strengthen their efforts towards greater economic integration. In Central Africa, this materialized through the creation shortly after the devaluation of the Central Africa economic and monetary community (CAEMC) and the introduction of the main elements of a trade reform package agreed upon a year ago – implementation of a common external tariff, the agreement to phase out all tariffs on intraunion trade and also a reform of domestic indirect taxes. This reflected in part the idea that monetary integration should also be seen as an instrument to foster economic integration. This paper develops a single country multisector CGE trade model to quantify the effects of the above mentioned economic integration-oriented CAEMC'S trade policy reform. The model uses data for Cameroun – a key economy in the region. Results indicate the Cameroun will enjoy welfare gains of the order of 1,84 % of GDP and that the Cameroonian manufacturing sector which relies heavily on the regional market will experience expansion of nearly 9 % in output. Results also suggest that the smaller economies in the sub-region – represented in this paper by the Central African Republic will experience a somewhat smaller welfare gains of the ordre of 0,63 % of GDP. However, welfare gains would have been only 1,6 % GDP for Cameroun and 0,12 % of GDP for Central African Republic had they liberalize international trade only
Yagninim, Waké. "L'hétérogénéité de l'application des principes du droit international de la mer par les Etats de l'Afrique de l'Ouest." Poitiers, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002POIT3005.
Full textMakiela-Magambou, Gisèle. "La logistique portuaire au Gabon : contribution à une géographie des transports de la Communauté Économique et Monétaire de l'Afrique Centrale (CEMAC)." Montpellier 3, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007MON30023.
Full textGabon enjoys a 800 km long coastline with two major maritime ports : Owendo and Por-Gentil. These ports play a strategic role on the economy of the country handling nearly 90% of the trade exchanges. However, as many ports of the African continent, the main ports of Gabon do not ensure the transit of goods so efficiently as required. Political and structural reasons but also many kinds of failure imply goods flow to decrease, and put a significant burden on business. It makes Gabon less competitive in the CEMAC logistics market than other ports like Douala in Cameroun. Moreover, ports require not only adequate infrastructure and equipment, but also good communications and information technology systems, with competitive and skilled management teams with a motivated and trained workforce. The lack of connectivity between information systems of the main actors of the ports and between ports them selves, do not eliminate the need for long and tedious paperwork. Ports require shared information systems like extranet and structured data exchange systems to ensure the integrity, availability and liability of information. How to optimize transport logistics of commercial ports of Gabon whereas the political, social and economic situation of the country is not favourable ? How to enourage and develop incentives for interconnected network information systems, for new groupware based working practices between economic actors of the ports ? How to increase the fluidity of communications ? This research work is based both on conceptual developments and numerous examples extracted from working practises in the ports of Gabon and of the CEMAC area. We hope to contribute to the improvement of the information management process of the maritime portuary community
Diop, Mamadou. "L'accord de non agression et d'assistance en matiere de defense entre les etats de la ceao et le togo." Paris 4, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA040086.
Full textThe non agression and defense assistance agreement between the member states of w. A. E. C. And togo has been signed on june 9. 1977 in yamoussoukro, metropolis of ivory coast. It is considered as an instrument to be used as a framework for the settlement of a collective safety system in the west african sub-area. As well in the structures as in the practise procedures, nada is considered as a military alliance in the traditionnal style. It pursues a double aim : non agression and assistance between the member states. But because nada is very recent, it cannot be considered as a finished work, even if it constitues an important progress. It must be reinforce its internal organisation and define an intervention strategy
Fipa, Nguepjo Jacques. "Le rôle des juridictions supranationales de la CEMAC et de l'OHADA dans l'intégration des droits communautaires par les Etats membres." Thesis, Paris 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA020030/document.
Full textThe Communautary Court of Justice (CCJ), the Communautary Court of Account (CCA) and the Common Court of Justice and Arbitration (CCJA) are the three supranational jurisdictions respectively created by EMCAC and OHBLA treaties to reinforce the new processes of economical and judicial integration for their member States. In the measure where these jurisdictions are competent to exercise a juridictional control, by determining the communautary norms, the first control being carried out by the national juridictions, the conception, the organisation, the functioning, the characteristics, the roles or competences of these new jurisdictions and also the destiny of the decisions they rend in their strictly judiciary functions or in their accessory functions of supporting the arbitral procedure, present an interest worthy of a doctorate research. If it appears that the supplementary Milestones of efficiency of the new processes of integration had been installed by the creation of the said jurisdictions, it had also been observed that the gravities of jurisdictional, structural or functional order continue to delay the speed of cruise. The solutions that we have proposed to overcome these difficulties involves the reorganization of communautary jurisdictions, the clearly distribution of competences between them, the reinforcement of the communautarian law control procedure, a permanent vulgarisation of integration law, a revalorisation of executary titles, a clarification of immunity of execution domain, a development of the recovery procedures, a continual training of judicial actors, and improvement of their working and living conditions, a resurgence of moral ethic, a real independence of the Justice… This means that the study put a stress on the obstacles which hold up the new processes of integration and propose solutions to perfect the legislative texts and their jurisprudential interpretations, in the perspective of accelerating the economic development of the concerned States, for the best global prosperity of the world’s economies
Bango, Ange. "L'élaboration et la mise en oeuvre de la fiscalité dans les pays de la Communauté économique et monétaire de l'Afrique centrale (CEMAC)." Lyon 3, 2009. https://scd-resnum.univ-lyon3.fr/out/theses/2009_out_bango_a.pdf.
Full textIn the countries of the CEMAC, the elaboration and the implementation of the taxation seems a complex stake. Indeed, if the Parliament formally remains the principal source of the taxation, in practice, it is the executive which has about it a true capacity of impulse. The tax texts of these countries are also marked by the influence of backers. Moreover, the process of sub-area integration has as a corollary the emer-gence of a Community pole of development of the tax policies, reducing the tax competence of the na-tional parliaments. These actors of the development of the taxation act and interact according to ration-alities' which are some different times, even contradictory; what is not without consequence at the stage of the implementation of the taxation. The inefficiency of the actors who are charged with this imple-mentation (financial controls, tax jurisdictions) make that the taxes which are enacted are not inevitably those which are applied in practice. To mitigate these insufficiencies, it is advisable to meet the condi-tions of a development of the taxation taking of account the economic and sociocultural environment of these countries. With this intention, and within sight of the experiments in progress, the participative approach must be developed. In order to come to an effective and efficiant application of the taxation, the action must also relate to the modernization of the tax services and the stimulation of the jurisdic-tional institution (in supplement of the role which can play the tax mediation). The restoration of the tax governance is at this price
Dianga, Nganzi Jean Pierre Pedro. "Le droit du marché en zone de la communauté économique et monétaire de l'Afrique Centrale (C. E. M. A. C) : du droit national du Gabon vers le droit communautaire." Montpellier 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008MON10008.
Full textKounkou, Dominique. "La question de la zone franc en Afrique centrale." Paris 10, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA100152.
Full textSince the Euro coming into force as of lst January 2002, how the CFA Franc zone is faring in Central Africa ? This question leads to another one : Now that France is a member of the European Union and that the French franc does no longer exists, are the cooperation agreements signed between France and the African countries still valid ? Lastly, aren't we witnessing a De facto unconventional substitution of France by the European Union and aren't we therefore in a kind of relationship where the African States would already fend themselves in a constraining position similarly to that of the " Unequal Treaties " Under the Monetary Cooperation Convention signed on the 22"a November 1972 in Brazzaville, Congo, between the member States of the Central Africa Bank (B. E. A. C. ) and the French Republic, the States committed themselves to comply institu personae with the agreed obligations. The African States fend themselves in a situation where they do not have any leeway and they are therefore loosing their confidence, which is jeopardizing the very equilibrium of the convention signed on the 22naNovember 1972. [t is important to audit this Franc zone, deprived of the French franc, to know wether or not the African States would do well to continue with their cooperation using the standards of an " hybrid " monetay system that benefit from the 1972 convention provisions, while trying to some extent to impose the innovation drawn from the European monetary system to which France is a party without being the unique decision-maker. The situation is so unsual for the African States that this audit, carried out with the economic law instruments, is at the very heart of this survey
Kabe, Abbo Bernadette. "Les difficultés inhérentes à l'investissement international dans les PME-PMI : le cas des pays de l'Union Douanière et économique des Etats de l'Afrique Centrale (UDEAC)." Paris 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA010290.
Full textInternational ivnestments in big industrial projects of the customs and economic l'union of central africa countries (udeac) often ended in failure like in other african countries. Nowadays, all the economic partners agree that enterprises, mainly small and medium-scale enterprises and industries, are essential tools for the economic development. However the efforts already made by all those who are responsible for the promotion of small and medium-scale enterprise s and industries always seem not to bring about the expected effects. Our analysis aims at three basic objectives : 1. Locating the small and medium-scale entreprises and industries of the customs and economic union of central africa countries in their environment by stressing upon identification problems and difficulties that potential investors are faced with; 2. Exposing the maladjustment of the present mechanisms (bilateral and multilateral) of financing to the specific needs of small and mediums-scale enterprises and industries; 3. Finding the conditions of an efficient development of local small and medium0-scale enterprises and industries throug h the conjunction of public and private means of economic partners from the industrialized countries and customs and economic union of central africa countries
Bokanga-Yeka, Marie-Hélène. "Approche juridique du processus d'intégration économique regionale en Afrique centrale." Nice, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004NICE0041.
Full textMoussavou, Pierre. "Essai sur l'intégration économique régionale en Afrique." Paris 10, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA100105.
Full textThis study attempts to understand the logic and the rationality of the phenomenon of regional economic integration in Africa. It tries to answer to some fundamental questions such as: why do African countries go into the process of regional economic integration? Who does the integration? Who are the beneficiaries? Our work takes into account the international environment which influences the process of the regional economic integration in Africa. The international system contributes to mold the economic, social and political structures of African countries, which determine the results of different African experiences of regional integration. In this prospect we survey the contradictory movement of integration marginalization of African countries in the world economic, and the international economic crisis. At last, this study attempts also to draw up a balance-sheet of the regional economic integration in Africa through an evaluation of the results of UDEAC and CEAO which are considered as models. On the whole, it appears that the balance-sheet of the regional economic integration in Africa is very slight
Pym, Bolleri Donatien. "Le statut juridique des établissements de microfinance (EMF) en zone CEMAC (Communauté Economique et Monétaire de l'Afrique Centrale)." Thesis, Paris 9, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA090074.
Full textThe enactment of a legal status for microfinance institutions (MFIs) in the Economic and Monetary Community of Central African States (CEMAC) was an urgent need for it ought to monitor the activities of microfinance and its actors. This initiative resulted in the Rules of April 13, 2002 through two ways. On the one hand, securing the microfinance sector which has led to the regulation of access to microfinance activity and regulation of the exercise of that activity. On the other hand, the legislator has made the specialization of MFIs, assigning two types of basic tasks, which distinguish them from traditional credit institutions. Microfinance institutions come to the rescue of those who are excluded from the classical banking sector and they equally finance petty economic activities.The legal status enacted by the sub-Regional legislator of CEMAC is an important advancement in the management of the business microfinance. Nevertheless, this work can be improved upon.One of the ways of improving the status and is prepared to make a better differentiation of various legal forms that microfinance institutions may take. They may indeed have, either company forms (capitalist or mutual), is charitable or profit associative forms. This variety of legal forms appears to contradict the statutory unit highlighted by the legislator.Another axis of development status of microfinance institutions is the improvement of their legal status. To get there, we must refine the institutional and operational framework for microfinance institutions. At the institutional level, it makes sense to redefine the role of institutions involved in the microfinance sector, consolidating their assets. At the operational level, the specificity of the activity of microfinance invited to better assimilate the contours of contractual relationships that develop between the various actors in the microfinance sector. The ideal is to normalize the original collateral and atypical of enforcement used in microfinance.To achieve the laudable goal of viability and sustainability of MFIs as important players in the economy, efficiency and effectiveness of the regulations must be a reality
Kabore, Pagoundé. "Monnaie unique et souveraineté étatique : l'exemple du franc de la communauté financière africaine." Paris 10, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA100192.
Full textSome authors have asserted that the sovereignty the West-African states is impaired by the circulation of a common currency on their territories. This theory is mistaken : it seems that the above-mentioned states have exercised their sovereignty by creating the CFA franc and by confiding its administration to the UEMOA (West-African Monetary and Economic Community) and the BCEAO (Central Bank of the West-African States)
Koutouan, Atchiman Joséphine Naara. "Contribution à l’étude des droits régionaux de la concurrence en Afrique de l’Ouest : cas de l'union économique et monétaire Ouest-Africaine et de la communauté économique des Etats de l'Afrique de l'Ouest." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018BORD0044/document.
Full textWest African states have made economic integration the preferred way to deal with the challenge of economic development in an increasingly competitive international context. Thus, through regional and subregional organizations, the protection of the free movement of competition has become a community issue.West African regional economic integration has therefore been seized by competition law. From this, we note emerging competition rights in the West African Economic and Monetary Union (WAEMU) and the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS). Each of these organizations has therefore put in place a competition law in its economic area. As a result, given the composition of UEMOA and ECOWAS, these Community rights are intended to be applied to the Member States of the Union which are also part of the Community. The features of the coexistence of these Community competition law in West Africa deserved to be examined in order to evaluate their application, to analyze the effectiveness and efficiency of these rights. This comparative study intends to highlight the contain of these rights, reveal their specificities, while showing their lacks. It’s necessary to rethink or even reform some aspects of these rights to improve their applications, basis for a better protection of free competition in West Africa
Sanou, Dramane. "La juridictionnalisation des organisations régionales d'intégration économique en Afrique." Paris 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA010273.
Full textMoupébélé, Makadjoka Chislain. "Le Gabon, la France et la Banque des États de l'Afrique centrale, 1959-1992 : entre logique "géomonétaire" et financement de l'économie." Thesis, Paris, EHESS, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020EHES0057.
Full textThe Bank of Central African States, created in 1973 and responsible for ensuring the monetary issue, is the result of institutional transformations that mark the economic and political dynamics of the States. When in 1955 the French government set up the Institut d’émission d’Afrique équatoriale et du Cameroun, it intended to dissociate the functions of issuing money from those of credit. According to this objective, the cardinal mission of the new monetary institution is to guarantee monetary stability by targeting inflation and defending the exchange rate. Its commercial activities are limited. It only grants short-term loans, while medium and long-term loans are now provided by the Caisse Centrale de Coopération Economique. When in 1959, at the time of independence, the institute of emission becomes the central Bank of equatorial African states and the Cameroun, the missions and paradigms have not changed much, while the question of financing economy becomes a central issue in Gabon as well as in other postcolonial states. The debates and negotiations that took place in the late 1960s aim to deconstruct the theoretical framework of monetary policy and credit of the federal central Bank and lead to a form of organization which makes it possible to combine the objectives of Africanization, growth and monetary stability. The objective of our research is to situate ourselves in this process, by focusing in particular on the political, geo-monetary and financial issues around the Franco-Gabonese monetary relations. We have studied the practices of the central bankers, the power relationship in the management of the Central Bank, the balance of power among states within the Board of Directors, the theoretical framework of monetary policy and the impact of these different parameters on fiscal policy and the evolution of the real economy in Gabon. In this respect, we have defined a method which does not allow us to dip in the process of politicization or depoliticization of the Central Bank and to see that several factors interact to make the problem of monetary sovereignty marginal and legitimize the principle of collective and concerted sovereignty. To achieve this, we consider three levels of analysis: national (Gabon), regional (BEAC and franc zone) and multilateral (relationship with France and the Bretton Woods institutions). The reconstruction of these interactions has enabled us to understand that the monetary policy carried out by the Central Bank conformed to the conditions which are out of economic rationality
Fierdepied-Mucuta, Virginie. "Étude sur le processus d'intégration sous-régionale en Afrique subsaharienne." Tours, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000TOUR1002.
Full textBatonon, Serge B. "Les systèmes financiers publics des Etats de l'UEMOA à l'épreuve de la nouvelle gouvernance financière publique." Thesis, Paris 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA01D009/document.
Full textThe review of public financial systems of WAEMU (West African Economic and Monetary Union) States has shown that these systems evolved in the contemporary context of the new public financial governance. The concern for transparency, sincerity, responsibility and efficiency, the cardinal principles of the new public financial governance, allowed WAEMU States under the aegis of the Community Commission to renew the normative and institutional basis of their public financial systems. The new standards introduce a public financial management results-oriented with greater stakeholders accountability. They reinforce the budgetary supremacy of the Minister of Finance while investing the budget department of a pioneering programmatic role in budgetary matters and financial control of an evaluation function of public spending. They put into perspective the work of Parliament and the courts of accounts of States that should ensure the efficiency of public spending at the heart of their actions.The implementation of new public financial standards changes the architecture and the budgeting method that moves from a means approach to a results approach. A set of technicality and rigor now surrounds budgeting with programming documents and design mechanisms need more requirements. The mechanisms and management tools for the financial management of the States have also changed. The introduction of managerial responsibility necessitated the implementation of management tools borrowed from the private sector. But the analysis of sociological realities and internal capacities of the States reveals that corruption, not deliberate application of the texts and the qualitative and quantitative shortage of human, material and information resources are blocking the functioning of public financial systems. Similarly, instead of the "tailor" the new standards still seem to be the '' ready to wear '' and do not always reflect the sociological realities of the States. Therefore, this thesis proposes to move from imitation to institutional innovation. She makes endogenous consolidation of public financial systems a condition for success that goes by, among others, the establishment in the States of fiscal biannuality ; MPs profiles, the authorizing committee in the ministries, solidarity accountability of the accountant and of the authorizing, and establishing a moral responsibility through involvement of traditional chiefs and religious denominations discipline financial
Yedjibaye, Yémingar. "La coopération décentralisée comme facteur d'intégration communautaire : l'approche française, source d'inspiration des pays francophones des sous régions CEMAC et CEDEAO." Poitiers, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010POIT3018.
Full textFrench local authorities and those of countries of CEMAC and ECOWAS were given under the principle of free administration, new competences to lead actions abroad as a decentralized cooperation. If interstate cooperation allowed to lay the foundations of community law, the decentralized cooperation can help to stimulate and strengthen integration. That such cooperation is intra-European or intra-African, the role played by local authorities is crucial, in spite of the fundamental attributes of states in matter of diplomacy and sovereignty. Inspired design doctrinal and French experiences of decentralized cooperation the territorial francophone African States have the assets to help boost African community integration. However battle for peace, democracy, local development, the right governance and the struggle against poverty always require more efforts at sub-regional level. That’s why, the issue of decentralized cooperation demands responses based on a big complementarity and a synergy between all the actors namely citizens, local powers, traditional authorities, lay people, central powers and community institutions
Zaki, Moussa Halima. "Regard sur l'efficacité du système juridictionnel dans les espaces d'intégration en Afrique : cas de la CEDEAO, de la CEMAC, de l'OHADA et de l'UEMOA." Thesis, Normandie, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018NORMLH32.
Full textThe African continent is distinguished by the proliferation of organizations with an integrative vocation. These organizations adopt acts that are binding on the Member States as well as on community structures and which are intended to be applied to individuals. In this context, Community courts are called upon to play a central role in the integration process.It appears, however, that the Community jurisdictions of Africa in general and of West and Central Africa in particular still play a rather unclear role, hence the trampling of the integration process.What factors hinder the full effectiveness of these jurisdictions and what improvements could be made to make them engines of regional integration? To answer these questions we are interested both in the vertical relationship involving jurisdictions, Member States and Community institutions, as well as in the horizontal relationship, that is to say with national courts on the one hand and Community courts on the other. A restructuring as well as a re-reading of the different lines of law are then proposed
Adou, Aman Ange. "La protection internationale des droits de l'homme en Afrique de l'Ouest : le cas de la femme en Côte d'Ivoire et au Mali." Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSE3022.
Full textGeneral speaking, humans rights are recognized in all cultures in the name of dignity that is attributed to humans. Africa recognize privileges to men to preserve their pride and respect women in their home work. Beyong the domestic sphere, woman have difficulty to get more rights and freedom. The awareness of head of state and governement of the situation, gave some regional rules to protect women rights in the african countries. Our assignment in this study is to devellope theories and practics witch are for or against women right évolution in west Africa, specialy in Ivory Cost and in Mali states where national laws are ambiguous as to women rights protection. We note that women rights changes according to religion convictions, culture, the traditional practice in each country. This situation is also favored by the legislative deficit that need to be repared. It is aloso apparent that women rights promotion and garanted in war situation that Africa states know continualy and in where women and children are the favorit targets. So lets try to find how to integrate women rights protection to african costums