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Journal articles on the topic 'Communication channels'
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Worley, Barbara, Jason Peake, and Nick Fuhrman. "Perceptions of Agricultural Extension and Communication Professionals Regarding Current, Preferred, and Emerging Communication Channels: A Qualitative Study." Journal of Agricultural Education 63, no. 4 (December 31, 2022): 22–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.5032/jae.2022.04022.
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This study sought to identify what messages are important to share regarding innovations of new turfgrass cultivars, and to determine the current, preferred, and emerging channels of communication as perceived by Extension/Outreach and Communications professionals in ANR for sending information. This study utilized a focus group consisting of turfgrass extension professionals, an interview with communication professionals, and individual semi-structured interviews. From the twelve questions presented through these methods, seven predominant themes emerged. Effectively communicating about turfgrass involves: (1) conveying long-term benefits of the innovations, (2) considering the sender and receiver of turfgrass information, (3) considering the traditional communication channels used for turfgrass, (4) emerging or sought channels for communicating with clientele about turfgrass, (5) barriers to adopting communication channels for disseminating turfgrass information, (6) factors that influence use of communication channels for turfgrass, and (7) who should be disseminating the identified messages. Respondents indicated that though Twitter was the preferred channel of social media communication for those in the turfgrass industry, interpersonal communication and factsheets were still being requested predominately by their clientele. Respondents recommended working with organizations such as city and county municipalities, as well as residential home builder groups, that are likely to adopt innovations, influence behavior change, and create and institute policies, will be essential for dissemination of information. In light of the COVID-19 pandemic and the restrictions associated with it, researchers are depending on emerging communications channels for dissemination of information more so than traditional methods utilized in the past such as field days
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Done, Robert S., and John Semmens. "Improving Construction Communication." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1907, no. 1 (January 2005): 2–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198105190700101.
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Data collected from Arizona Department of Transportation customers during the SR-51 project were examined. During the $75 million project, approximately 10 mi of SR-51 between I-10 and SR-101 was renovated to include new high-occupancy-vehicle lanes and rubberized asphalt. Communication was measured by customers’ (e.g., motorists’ as well as local residents’ and businesses’) utilization of four direct communication channels (e.g., construction signage) and four indirect communication channels (e.g., television programming). Satisfaction was measured by a composite score based on customer satisfaction with traffic, dust, noise, signage, and information during the construction process. Almost all respondents relied on at least one channel for construction communication, and almost 80% of respondents reported using between one and three channels. The most frequently used channel was construction signs (55.9%), and the least frequently used channel was e-mail alerts (1.5%). Fewer than 4% of the respondents did not use any communication channel. Direct communication channels resulted in higher customer satisfaction than did indirect communication channels. Construction bulletins contributed the most to customer satisfaction, followed by the project website. Neither television nor radio contributed to customer satisfaction. As sources of project communication, neighbors and friends had a strong but negative effect on customer satisfaction.
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BERTHOLD, JOST, and RITA LOOGEN. "THE IMPACT OF DYNAMIC CHANNELS ON FUNCTIONAL TOPOLOGY SKELETONS." Parallel Processing Letters 18, no. 01 (March 2008): 101–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129626408003259.
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Parallel functional programs with implicit communication often generate purely hierarchical communication topologies during execution: communication only happens between parent and child processes. Hence, messages between siblings must be passed via the parent causing inefficiencies that can be avoided by direct communication between arbitrary processes. The Eden parallel functional language provides dynamic channels to implement arbitrary communication topologies. This paper analyses the impact of dynamic channels on Eden's topology skeletons, i.e. skeletons which define process topologies such as rings, toroids, or hypercubes. We compare topology skeletons with and without dynamic channels with respect to runtime and communication. Our case studies confirm that dynamic channels decrease the number of messages by up to 50% and substantially reduce runtime. Detailed analyses of EdenTV (Eden trace viewer) execution profiles reveal a bottleneck in the root process when only hierarchical channel connections are used and a better distribution of communications with dynamic channels.
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Hänninen, Nora, and Heikki Karjaluoto. "The effect of marketing communication on business relationship loyalty." Marketing Intelligence & Planning 35, no. 4 (May 6, 2017): 458–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/mip-01-2016-0006.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to create a new understanding of industrial business-to-business (B2B) relationships by connecting the theoretical streams of marketing communications and relationship marketing. This study tests how various marketing communication channels and communication quality increase the transformation of customer-perceived value into customer loyalty. Design/methodology/approach The theoretical framework consists of links between customer-perceived value, marketing communication quality, channel effectiveness, and customer loyalty. The age of the business relationship is also taken into consideration. Empirical testing is based on global survey data (n=121) collected from customers of Finnish manufacturing companies operating in the paper, mineral, and metal-processing industries. Findings The effects of customer-perceived value on customer loyalty are both direct and indirect, as marketing communications partially mediate this relationship. The customer-perceived effectiveness of various marketing communication channels adds more to loyalty formation than the perceived quality of marketing communications. Practical implications Of special interest for marketing practitioners is the channel-specific approach to the effectiveness of marketing communications. Results suggest that personalized channels would be the most important mediators of the effects of perceived value on loyalty and also bring up the possibility of combining personalized direct communication with new cost-effective digital channels. Originality/value Relatively little research has examined the mediating role of marketing communications in the relationship between perceived value and loyalty in the B2B context.
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Ahmed, Sadia, and Huseyin Arslan. "Analysis of Underwater Acoustic Communication Channels." Marine Technology Society Journal 47, no. 3 (May 1, 2013): 99–117. http://dx.doi.org/10.4031/mtsj.47.3.7.
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AbstractThe underwater acoustic communication (UAC) channel presents many difficulties such as high frequency, space, and time selectivity, frequency-dependent noise, and significant range and band limitation on transmission. Traditional UAC channel models that model such channels primarily include environmental models based on experimental data; models that are developed using mathematical equations such as wave equations, modal methods, and parabolic equations; and using statistical distributions. These methods/models are often limited in their coverage and accurate representations of every possible UAC channel environment. It is also physically impractical and cost ineffective to try to measure/estimate each channel to determine its model. In this paper, the authors will present the analysis of UAC channels according to the UAC channel environments classified and presented in a prior work by the authors, in which cognitive intelligence is used in the selection of the appropriate channel representations according to each sensed environment. To the best knowledge of the authors, this type of analysis and representation of UAC channels with respect to each UAC environment has not been addressed in the literature to date and therefore presents a significant contribution.
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Jaime-Rodríguez, José Jimmy, Carlos Antonio Gómez-Vega, Carlos A. Gutiérrez, José Martín Luna-Rivera, Daniel Ulises Campos-Delgado, and Ramiro Velázquez. "A Non-WSSUS Channel Simulator for V2X Communication Systems." Electronics 9, no. 8 (July 24, 2020): 1190. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics9081190.
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This paper presents a simulator of non-wide sense stationary uncorrelated scattering (non-WSSUS) multipath fading channels for the performance analysis of vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication systems. The proposed simulator is constructed with the combination of the Monte Carlo and sum-of-cisoids (SOC) principles, and it is suitable for multicarrier transmission schemes such as those defined for dedicated short-range communications (DSRC) and cellular-based V2X (C-V2X) communications. The channel simulator provides an accurate and flexible solution to reproduce the time and frequency (TF) correlation properties of non-WSSUS vehicular channels under arbitrary isotropic and non-isotropic scattering conditions. Furthermore, the proposed simulator allows velocity variations and non-linear trajectories of the mobile stations (MSs). To demonstrate the practical value of the presented simulator, we evaluate the bit error rate (BER) performance of two channel estimation techniques that are considered for IEEE 802.11p transceivers, namely the least squares (LS) estimator and the spectral temporal averaging (STA) technique. The BER performance of both channel estimators was analyzed by considering three propagating scenarios for road safety applications. Our results show that the non-stationary characteristics of the vehicular multipath fading channel have nearly no effects on the LS estimator’s BER performance. In contrast, the performance of the STA estimator is significantly affected by the channel’s non-stationary characteristics. A variation of the original STA technique that applies only a temporal averaging is introduced in this work to improve the system’s BER in non-WSSUS channels.
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Abbott, Alastair A., Julian Wechs, Dominic Horsman, Mehdi Mhalla, and Cyril Branciard. "Communication through coherent control of quantum channels." Quantum 4 (September 24, 2020): 333. http://dx.doi.org/10.22331/q-2020-09-24-333.
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A completely depolarising quantum channel always outputs a fully mixed state and thus cannot transmit any information. In a recent Letter\cite{ebler18}, it was however shown that if a quantum state passes through two such channels in a quantum superposition of different orders---a setup known as the ``quantum switch''---then information can nevertheless be transmitted through the channels. Here, we show that a similar effect can be obtained when one coherently controls between sending a target system through one of two identical depolarising channels. Whereas it is tempting to attribute this effect in the quantum switch to the indefinite causal order between the channels, causal indefiniteness plays no role in this new scenario. This raises questions about its role in the corresponding effect in the quantum switch. We study this new scenario in detail and we see that, when quantum channels are controlled coherently, information about their specific implementation is accessible in the output state of the joint control-target system. This allows two different implementations of what is usually considered to be the same channel to therefore be differentiated. More generally, we find that to completely describe the action of a coherently controlled quantum channel, one needs to specify not only a description of the channel (e.g., in terms of Kraus operators), but an additional ``transformation matrix'' depending on its implementation.
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Lingling, Wu, and Chen Fuli. "Role of AI Technology in Brend Building of Chinese Higher Education Institution – Thought Based on Integrated Marketing Communicanion." Marketing and Digital Technologies 5, no. 2 (June 29, 2021): 7–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.15276/mdt.5.2.2021.1.
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As the competitions among higher education institutions (HEIs) intensify, brand building has gradually become an important means for HEIs to build their images and enhance their competitiveness. For HEIs, the significance of integrated marketing communication lies in the integration of brand image communication content, communication channel and communication process. At present, the influence of traditional communication channels declines, the influence of self-established media is limited, and the negative information is not monitored well. Under such circumstances, AI technology can provide technical support for integrated marketing communications of HEI brand. In terms of communication content, VR/AR, UAV, interactive games and chatbot are mainly applied. In the aspect of communication channels, the data mining technique is mainly used to achieve differentiated communication, and the big data analysis technique is adopted to integrate brand image information communication channels. With regard to negative information monitoring, the natural language processing technology can provide high-efficiency, full-coverage and round-the-clock negative information monitoring.
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Kovaitė, Kristina, Paulius Šūmakaris, and Jelena Stankevičienė. "Digital communication channels in Industry 4.0 implementation." Management 25, no. 1 (June 29, 2020): 171–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.30924/mjcmi.25.1.10.
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Industry 4.0 describes a phenomenon which augments business models and also communication channels in commercial enterprises. This paper analyses scientific publications related to the business model changes driven by Industry 4.0, and also digital internal communication channels used to reduce risks in the process. The paper is based upon a systematic review of scientific publications and evaluation by experts. The research revealed a gap between internal communication through digital channels and the change process in Industry 4.0-driven business models. Each channel has its mission and contributes to reducing risk during the change process. Since there is no universal digital channel for internal communication, different digital communication channels are efficient at different stages of change. The paper makes recommendations for enterprises, related to the effectiveness of digital communication channels during the business model transformation. It further contributes to existing knowledge by expanding the change process model and aligning the change process with features of digital communication channels. The research focused on the manufacturing sector, exploring digital communication channels used to reduce risk during the change process, which is a limitation of this study, along with assumption of a basic level of digital competences in the enterprise.
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Allanki Sanyasi Rao and Kallepelli Srikanth, Karthik Kumar Vaigandla,. "Study of Modulation Schemes over a Multipath Fading Channels." International Journal for Modern Trends in Science and Technology 7, no. 10 (October 31, 2021): 34–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.46501/ijmtst0710005.
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Communications systems concerted over wireless channels depend on the environment. Communications system can be more reliable and efficient by properly analyzing wireless channels. Today's most important features are a high data rate and reliable performance to exploiting viable networks during this new information age. The channel is not time-invariant in wireless communication, so the received signal exhibits amplitude, phase, and angle variations due to multipath fading. Increasing data rates and reducing bandwidth make Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) an important component of wireless communication systems. The OFDM technique uses many carriers very efficiently. With this scheme, interference is robustly reduced, and fading scenarios are easily accommodated. Analyzing digital modulation schemes requires evaluating link performance with fading channels. The paper compares channel performance over varying fading environments using a variety of modulation schemes. We study the BER and SNR properties of the AWGN, Rician fading and Rayleigh fading channels modulated with BPSK, QPSK, and M-ary QAM.
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Berezan, Orie, Michelle Yoo, and Natasa Christodoulidou. "The impact of communication channels on communication style and information quality for hotel loyalty programs." Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Technology 7, no. 1 (February 1, 2016): 100–116. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jhtt-08-2015-0031.
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Purpose – The purpose of this study is to evaluate the impact of communication channels on communication style and information quality as perceived by loyalty program members. Design/methodology/approach – An online survey was utilized to collect data, and multivariate analysis of variance was used to test the study hypothesis. Findings – Study results indicated that the choice of a communication channel has a significant impact on the perceived communication style and information quality. Research limitations/implications – The use of an online survey restricted the ability to generalize findings beyond those that use the internet. Replicating this study in other areas where customers seek information outside of loyalty programs would provide valuable insight into the impact of communication channels on communication style and perceived quality of communication. Practical implications – Communication style and information quality have been shown to impact customer loyalty. The results of this study indicate that the type of communication channel used impacts style and information quality, and thereby loyalty. Social implications – Executives should use these research findings as a guide to how they should structure and maintain relationships with their loyalty members. Originality/value – This manuscript provides executives with a taxonomy of the tools and channels available for communicating information to loyalty program members.
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Jiménez, Miguel. "Spanish Communication Channels." Serials: The Journal for the Serials Community 6, no. 2 (July 1, 1993): 29–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1629/060229.
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Golding, Stephen L. "Channels of Communication." Contemporary Psychology: A Journal of Reviews 33, no. 4 (April 1988): 367–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/025637.
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Croager, Emma. "Opening communication channels." Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology 5, no. 4 (April 2004): 252. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nrm1373.
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Güzelgöz, Sabih, Hasan Basri Çelebi, and Hüseyin Arslan. "Articulating Factors Defining RMS Delay Spread in LV PLC Networks." Journal of Computer Systems, Networks, and Communications 2010 (2010): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2010/802826.
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Communication over the power line network (PLN) referred as power line communication (PLC) has a long history of narrowband applications. With the recent developments in the field of digital communications, current interest is to exploit this medium for wideband communications for several applications such as Internet access, home networking, and in-vehicle data communication. In line with this recently emerging interest which envisions the conversion of a power transmission network into a communication network, understanding the root-mean-squared (RMS) delay spread is essential for multipath PLC channels for the establishment of reliable communication systems. In this paper, factors that play a role on the RMS delay spread value of low voltage (LV) PLC channels are articulated. Among these factors, dependency of the RMS delay spread on attenuation, loading, and physical characteristics of the communication channel in the PLNs is investigated.
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Nugroho, David Rizar, Aida Vitayala S. Hubeis, Amiruddin Saleh, and Wahyu Budi Priatna. "Model Of Communication : Corporate Social Responsibility (Csr) To Empower Communities." MIMBAR, Jurnal Sosial dan Pembangunan 32, no. 2 (June 16, 2016): 254. http://dx.doi.org/10.29313/mimbar.v32i2.1845.
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Community empowerment is one of the keys to success in running development of a region. The empowerment program carried out with models, shapes and different strategies. The purpose of this study was to analyze (1) Determine the perception of the implementation of communication channels and approaches to communications made in the program CSR companies. (2) Analyze the influence of the characteristics of the beneficiaries, and the communication channel communication approach CSR program the company towards community empowerment. The samples used in this study were 410 respondents. This study is designed as a quantitative research boosted by the approach of a qualitative study using descriptive analysis and structural equation modeling (SEM). The results of this study include: (1) Perception of beneficiaries for variables communication channels, communication approach and community empowerment approach is generally considered good. (2) The variables that affect the community empowerment are approach communication and communication channels, while the characteristics of the beneficiaries had no significant effect.
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Hussein, Walaa, Kamil Audah, N. K. Noordin, Habib Kraiem, Aymen Flah, Mohd Fadlee, and Alyani Ismail. "Least Square Estimation-Based Different Fast Fading Channel Models in MIMO-OFDM Systems." International Transactions on Electrical Energy Systems 2023 (August 29, 2023): 1–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2023/5547634.
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In cellular wireless communication systems, channel estimation (CE) plays a pivotal role as a crucial technique applied in orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) modulation. CE utilizes a variety of methods, including decision-directed channel estimation, pilot-assisted channel estimation (PACE), and blind channel estimation. Among these options, PACE is widely favored for its remarkable stability and consistent superior performance. The idea of massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) shows tremendous potential for the future of wireless communications. However, existing massive MIMO systems face challenges with their high computational complexity and intricate spatial structures, preventing efficient utilization of channel and sparsity features in these multiantenna systems. In communication channels, the signal received is often influenced by the characteristics of the channel and noise present at the receiver. To address this issue, an efficient dataset is utilized, employing the least square (LS) algorithm for minimization. OFDM is a commonly and widely used modulation method in communication systems utilized to specifically combat resonance fading in wireless channels. In wireless communication systems employing OFDM-MIMO, frequency selectivity and time-varying attributes due to multipath channels cause Intercarrier Interference (ICI) among symbols. Channel estimation is a vital aspect for mitigating the effects of fading channels. This investigation focuses on the application of a method examined in the study, which involves a block-type pilot symbol-assisted estimation technique for Rayleigh and Rician fading channel models. The research assesses the performance of the least square (LS) channel estimators in fast-fading channel models while employing various symbol mapping techniques focusing on bit error rate, throughput, and mean square error. The results indicate that the LS estimator exhibits excellent performance in Rayleigh and AWGN channels within the pedestrian A (PedA) model for both uplink and downlink scenarios. It outperforms the PedA model without channel estimation.
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Chaaban, A., and S. Hranilovic. "Capacity of optical wireless communication channels." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 378, no. 2169 (March 2, 2020): 20190184. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2019.0184.
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Optical wireless communications are realized by modulating the intensity of a light source and detecting intensity fluctuations at the receiver. This mode of operation, known as intensity modulation and direct detection (IM/DD), is simple to implement in practice. However, computing the channel capacity of the underlying channel is not straightforward because of the amplitude constraints that arise due to IM/DD operation. In particular, the transmit signal must be non-negative, while the peak and average amplitudes are constrained due to practical and safety considerations. Though a closed form for the capacity of IM/DD channels is not known, much work has been done to find capacity bounds and asymptotic capacity expressions. In this paper, a description of the IM/DD channel and its physical constraints is presented, followed by a review of recent progress pertaining to the capacity of IM/DD channels. Additionally, capacity-achieving distributions are discussed along with simple constructions that approach capacity. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Optical wireless communication’.
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Ledford, Christy J. W. "Changing Channels." Social Marketing Quarterly 18, no. 3 (September 2012): 175–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1524500412460671.
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Many health promotion campaigns are designed to communicate complex, potentially ambiguous messages. The strategic communication stages of formative research, strategy, tactics, and evaluation provide campaign guidance for communicating messages, but less direction is available for the specific tactics of channel selection and message delivery. The research question explored here is what channel characteristics should campaign designers consider and assess when selecting the most effective channels for disseminating their messages. A review of extant literature of channel selection theory informed the application of media richness theory and the concept of medium control. Synthesizing this theory and concept provides a typology of channels from which to select channels for communicators as they negotiate the media landscape. Often with limited resources and budgets, health communicators must make critical choices about what channels to use in disseminating their messages. While new and social media offer exciting opportunities, communicators must consider the media’s ability to transmit potentially ambiguous messages.
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Carroll, Ashley, Kevan Lamm, and Abigail Borron. "Finding the Right Channel: An Analysis of Communication Channel Preferences Amongst Potential Extension Clientele." Journal of Agricultural Education 63, no. 2 (June 30, 2022): 131–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.5032/jae.2022.02131.
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New communication methods and technology continue to emerge and evolve – as do societal trends – making it paramount that Extension professionals stay abreast with the preferred communication channels of potential clientele. By being aware of clients’ preferred communication channels, Extension professionals can increase the number of participants who benefit from their work while also improving the quality of the message being delivered. The present study examined the preferred communication channels of potential Extension clientele specifically when gathering information regarding their community. Specifically, a non-probability opt-in sampling procedure was employed whereby respondent (N = 3,347) communication channel preferences were analyzed from an audience segmentation and uses and gratifications perspective. Overall, the results indicated the most effective channels through which to reach potential Extension clientele under 50 years of age is through the internet and social media, while word of mouth and newspaper are preferred channels for those 50 and over. However, the results of the study indicate there are a variety of potential communication channels with varying degrees of preference among different audiences. Using study results as a starting point to inform communication channel strategy may help to Extension professionals ensure the correct message is provided to the correct audience via the correct channel.
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El Adawiyah, Sadiyah, Aida Vitayala Hubeis, Titi Sumarti, and Djoko Susanto. "Political Communication of Indonesian Female Regional Leaders." Jurnal ASPIKOM 5, no. 2 (July 15, 2020): 365. http://dx.doi.org/10.24329/aspikom.v5i2.655.
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The women's presence as regional leaders is one of the strategies for establishing more gender-just policies. Female regional leaders conducted diverse methods to win the votes of their constituents. The communication patterns used are diverse despite having similarities. The research aims to find out and analyze patterns and channels as well as the effects of political communication by female regional leaders in Indonesia. This study used a qualitative approach with three female regional leaders in three Javanese provinces. The research found that women tend to choose communication patterns and channels that used interpersonal communication channels to obtain political information. The female regional leaders used interactive communication patterns through social media, outdoor media, and mass media, such as television and print media. Communication channels used were personal communication channels, group communication channels, public communication channels, social communication channels, and traditional communication channels. The effect is that there is a change in the process of fighting for various public interests through verbal and nonverbal messages and mutual influence with various government policies. The research recommended that it is necessary to change the communication channel using social media massively to greet and discuss with constituents so that the effects are received massively as well.
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Saffar, Hamidreza Ebrahimzadeh, Ehsan Haj Mirza Alian, and Patrick Mitran. "Source–Channel Communication Over Phase-Incoherent Multiuser Channels." IEEE Transactions on Communications 62, no. 8 (August 2014): 2996–3003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tcomm.2014.2336245.
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Song, Aijun, and Mohsen Badiey. "Sparse channel estimation for underwater acoustic communication channels." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 118, no. 3 (September 2005): 2039. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.4809084.
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van Hook, Lee. "Sham, Sam, And Bacterial Communication." Microscopy Today 5, no. 8 (October 1997): 8–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1551929500056728.
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A scanning acoustic microscope (SAM) - a nanomicrophone using a piezoelectric crystal, may be used to examine bacterial colonies, not just materials specimens to detect phonons and listen to propagating microfractures.Since bacterial cell walls are rigid structures, they undergo mechanical distortions when channels open and dose. This causes them to squeak and pop, each channel having its own sound. Channels and receptor molecules are all of different sizes and shapes, and therefore deform the cell wall in unique ways. This means that each channel makes a unique (if faint) sound when it passes a molecule through itself and this activity can be delected, Transport rates of uptake and excretion for the various compounds car then be calculated trom the intensity of the sounds.
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Culbreth, Scott, and Scott Graham. "Demonstrating Redundancy Advantages of a Three-Channel Communication Protocol." International Conference on Cyber Warfare and Security 18, no. 1 (February 28, 2023): 513–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.34190/iccws.18.1.964.
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Multi-Channel communications have the potential to provide advantages in security and redundancy. One widespread example of additional security is the use of 2 Factor Authentication wherein an authorization code is sent via a separate channel. As another example, spread spectrum technology offers resilience against channel interference. However, no currently deployed communication protocols take advantage of the full spectrum of security and performance gains that can be obtained through transmitting data over multiple channels. Taking inspiration from Redundant Array of Inexpensive Disks (RAID) and their use of data striping and mirroring, a secure multi-channel communication protocol was developed that is able to have greater security than an equivalent single channel system while also having greater resiliency against data corruption, therefore requiring fewer, if any, retransmissions than a single channel system when operating in a low availability environment. This approach admittedly comes with significant overhead, both in the use of additional channels and the need for additional processing. Whether the security and availability gains are worth the costs is an open question, with specific answers highly dependent on the particular applications. A specific multi-channel communication protocol, with three independent channels, and incorporating duplication on the bit level, was built and exercised within the OMNeT++ simulation environment in order to examine specific aspects of performance and security of the protocol. This exercise demonstrates that a secure multi-channel protocol operates with less latency than an equivalent single channel system when experiencing less than 50% channel corruption due to adversarial injection, resulting in reduced data loss and need for re-transmissions.
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Gvili, Yaniv, and Shalom Levy. "Antecedents of attitudes toward eWOM communication: differences across channels." Internet Research 26, no. 5 (October 3, 2016): 1030–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/intr-08-2014-0201.
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Purpose Despite the extensive academic interest in electronic word of mouth (eWOM) communication, consumer attitudes toward eWOM communication have been neglected. The purpose of this paper is to propose a conceptual framework for attitudes toward eWOM communication across digital channels. Design/methodology/approach Data were collected through a web-based survey on seven major digital communication channels. ANOVA was applied in order to analyze their differences. In addition, structural equation modeling was used to test the eWOM attitude model, using a sample of 864 participants who have had prior experience with the channels under study. Findings Findings indicate that both attitude toward eWOM and its antecedents significantly differ across channels. Additionally, a path analysis model reveals that the original integrated model applies to eWOM communications. Yet, in the case of eWOM, irritating messages may be positively related to attitude toward the channel, and credibility serves as a mediator of message value. Research limitations/implications This paper supports the notion that attitude toward eWOM communication significantly differs across media channels. Future research should examine additional implications of attitude toward eWOM, and explore new and evolving channels. Practical implications Practitioners should adjust their eWOM media strategy to their objectives; blogs and social networks are more effective for brand attitude formation, whereas web forums enhance message credibility. Originality/value To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first research study that tests attitudinal differences toward eWOM across digital channels. As such, it contributes to the understanding of people’s perception of these platforms.
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Zhou, Liu, Nie, Yang, Zhang, and Ma. "M-ary Cyclic Shift Keying Spread Spectrum Underwater Acoustic Communications Based on Virtual Time-Reversal Mirror." Sensors 19, no. 16 (August 16, 2019): 3577. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19163577.
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Underwater acoustic communications are challenging because channels are complex, and acoustic waves when propagating in the ocean are subjected to a variety of interferences, such as noise, reflections, scattering and so on. Spread spectrum technique thus has been widely used in underwater acoustic communications for its strong anti-interference ability and good confidentiality. Underwater acoustic channels are typical coherent multipath channels, in which the inter-symbol interference seriously affects the performance of underwater acoustic communications. Time-reversal mirror technique utilizes this physical characteristic of underwater acoustic channels to restrain the inter-symbol interference by reconstructing multipath signals and reduce the influence of channel fading by spatial focusing. This paper presents an M-ary cyclic shift keying spread spectrum underwater acoustic communication scheme based on the virtual time-reversal mirror. Compared to the traditional spread spectrum techniques, this method is more robust, for it uses the M-ary cyclic shift keying spread spectrum to improve the communication rate and uses the virtual time-reversal mirror to ensure a low bit error rate. The performance of this method is verified by simulations and pool experiments.
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Li, Xiaoji, Leiming Sun, Jiemei Huang, and Fanze Zeng. "Channel Polarization Scheme for Ocean Turbulence Channels in Underwater Visible Light Communication." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 11, no. 2 (February 3, 2023): 341. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse11020341.
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Underwater wireless communication technology plays an important role in marine environment monitoring and ecological protection. Underwater optical wireless communications (UWOCs) can currently achieve a transmission distance of hundreds of meters, and the rate can reach hundreds of Mbps or even Gbps, with low power consumption and high-speed features. In addition, UWOC also has the advantages of a small transceiver size and strong anti-electromagnetic interference ability, which is especially suitable for scenarios where underwater volume and power consumption are relatively limited. However, UWOC systems face problems such as unstable transceiver ends, ocean turbulence, and so on, resulting in reduced communication reliability and limited transmission distance. Establishing a stable and reliable communication link is critical to extending the communication distance of the UWOC system. In this paper, a model of ocean turbulence channels is established based on the power spectrum inversion method. The transmission characteristics of orbital angular momentum (OAM) light in an ocean turbulence channel are studied, then the mode selection of OAM light is determined. At the same time, the polarization coding technique is applied to the underwater OAM communication system for the first time. The simulation results show that this scheme can effectively extend the communication distance and reduce the system bit error rate.
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Knyazev, Vladimir, Bogdan Lazurenko, and Aleksandr Serkov. "METHODS AND TOOLS FOR ASSESSING THE LEVEL OF NOISE IMMUNITY OF WIRELESS COMMUNICATION CHANNELS." Innovative Technologies and Scientific Solutions for Industries, no. 1 (19) (April 26, 2022): 92–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.30837/itssi.2022.19.092.
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The subject of this article is the process of increasing the noise immunityof wireless channels in the construction or operation of modern digital communication systems (DCS), when the transmission of digital information significantly complicates the presence of interference and distortion in the communication channel. The aim is analysis and development of methods for ensuring stable and reliable operation of ultra-wideband wireless communication system in the conditions of interference and distortion of information in wireless communication channels. The task is creation and implementation of practical recommendations for improving the level of secrecy and quality of information circulating in the communication channel; development of criteria for quality, information efficiency and noise immunityof DCS wireless communication channels in the conditions of interference of natural and artificial origin. The methods used: methods of analytical modeling and the theory of potential noise immunity. The following results were obtained. The feasibility of assessing the DCS efficiency by two indicators - energy and frequency efficiency, which are the components that make up the overall integral indicator of informational efficiency was shown. It was proposed to evaluate the DCS efficiency by comparing the indicators of informational efficiency of the inverse and reference systems, using the Shannon limit as an ideal ratio of energy and frequency efficiency. On the basis of the theory of potential noise immunity it was shown that it is possible to operate wireless communication channels in conditions when the level of information signal and noise have the same value. Conclusions. It is shown that the use of the technology of supersmooth signals allows to carry out wireless redundant transmission of information with low impromptu capacity. Moreover, the efficiency of digital communication systems significantly increases due to the creation of an ensemble of complex signals through one-time encoding and modulation, which expands its information base, ensuring coverage and energy efficiency in a double symmetric channel. This enables the fullest possible utilization of the channel's Shannon capacity with high integrity of information transfer without a significant increase in the signal-to-noise ratio at the receiver's input. An integral indicator of informational efficiency of the wireless DCS communication channel is provided. It enables real-time integral assessment of link quality and optimal routing in a mobile peer-to-peer network – MANET.
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García-Corrales, Celia, Francisco J. Cañete, and José F. Paris. "Capacity ofκ-μShadowed Fading Channels." International Journal of Antennas and Propagation 2014 (2014): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/975109.
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The ergodic capacity of fading channels modeled with aκ-μshadowed distribution is investigated to derive closed-form expressions. Theκ-μshadowed distribution is of particular interest because it contains, as special cases, other classical ones like one-side Gaussian, Rayleigh, Rician, Nakagami-m,κ-μ, and Rician shadowed distributions. The paper discusses the physical meaning of the distribution parameter variations and also their impact on the channel capacity. These results can be used to study the behavior of different channels like the ones in underwater acoustic communications, land mobile satellite systems, body centric communications, and other wireless communication applications. The analytical closed-form expression results are validated with numerical simulations.
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Romaszko, Sylwia. "A Rendezvous Protocol with the Heterogeneous Spectrum Availability Analysis for Cognitive Radio Ad Hoc Networks." Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering 2013 (2013): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/715816.
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In cognitive radio ad hoc networks, a frequently changing environment, varying channel occupancy statistics, and heterogeneous spectrum availability result in a need to meet on a common channel and to initiate a communication. This process of two or more CRs, meeting each other in the same channel, is called a rendezvous (RDV). RDV is essential for establishment of a communication link. Hence, methods guaranteeing that all nodes meet periodically in reasonable periods of time should be developed. In this study, we evaluate a torus Quorum System (QS) and Difference Set (DS) based rendezvous protocol in an asymmetric channel view case (heterogeneous channel availability). Regardless of the diversity of channels of CRs the protocol guarantees RDV on either all channels or almost all channels. Furthermore, the nodes meet multiple times on different channels in a period, which increases the chance of successful establishment of a communication link.
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Saidov, B. B., and V. F. Telezhkin. "OPTO-ULTRASONIC COMMUNICATION CHANNELS." Bulletin of the South Ural State University. Ser. Computer Technologies, Automatic Control & Radioelectronics 20, no. 4 (December 2020): 55–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.14529/ctcr200406.
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Ultrasound is widely used in various applications, such as monitoring the state of structures, biomed-ical ultrasound imaging, and information (data) transmission. Ultrasonic transceivers are one of the modern communication systems, both for short-range and remote access. Indeed, the technology of the process of transmitting information using communication channels based on ultrasonic (US) vi-brations and the physical implementation of transmission using optical fiber are widely used in con-ditions of confidentiality of data processing. At the same time, the needs of wireless and wired communication demanded the development of more advanced applications (software, hardware solutions). In particular, new challenges have arisen requiring transceivers to have high frequency, wide bandwidth and compact size. Aim. Consider the “technology – opto-ultrasonic” approach used in data transmission and reception channels. This technology involves the generation of ultrasound by a pulse using the optical-acoustic effect, followed by the reception and processing of ultrasonic vibrations. Optical ultrasonic transceivers based on the photo-acoustic (US) principle of operation have great potential, in particular, to obtain the necessary: (super high) frequency of the transmitted signal; wide bandwidth (speed); ease of use as transceivers; low manufacturing cost. Materials and methods. Various methods of spectral analysis (Fourier and Wavelet) have been in-vestigated to ensure the achievement of the above goal. Results. Compared to traditional technolo-gies of information reception and transmission, optical ultrasonic transceivers provide high-frequency communication, wide bandwidth and compact size. Conclusion. The paper investigates the methods of spectral analysis (Fourier and Wavelet) and proposes, based on these studies, possi-ble options for the implementation of optical ultrasonic transceivers that can generate ultrasonic pulses with a duration on a nanosecond scale using an ultrafast laser and receive confidential data with a high degree of security. At the same time, by combining the principle of generating photo-acoustic ultrasound with the use of optical fiber, it is possible to obtain compact and inexpensive ul-trasonic transceivers.
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Alter-Gartenberg, R. "Optimal visual communication channels." IEEE Transactions on Communications 43, no. 2/3/4 (February 1995): 1075–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/26.380139.
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Lomnitz, Yuval, and Meir Feder. "Communication Over Individual Channels." IEEE Transactions on Information Theory 57, no. 11 (November 2011): 7333–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tit.2011.2169130.
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Steel, Catherine. "II Channels of Communication." New Surveys in the Classics 36 (2006): 25–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0017383506000192.
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The oral dimension to classical literature as a whole has, rightly, become an object of increasing interest to interpreters. The process of composition of any text usually involved a spoken element; public or private readings could be a medium by which a text was disseminated; and individual reading could involve audible speech, or having another person read aloud. All Roman literature involves some oral dimension. Within this broad framework, however, oratory occupies a distinctive space. A speech is prepared for a specific time and place, to be directed at a specific audience and, in the case of forensic and deliberative oratory, with the aim of securing a specific outcome. Moreover, this first performance is, logically, oral and does not imply the existence of a written text; indeed, there was a strong convention within ancient rhetoric that speeches were delivered from memory, and even though written texts might well feature in preparation, orators would often find themselves in situations where improvisation was necessary. The sense of being created for a particular time and place is a characteristic which oratory shares with drama but, unlike drama, subsequent performances in a similar manner are difficult to envisage. Plays in both Greece and Rome were revived after the festival for which they had been initially composed; but the circumstances in front of the Roman people, in the Senate, or in a court which demanded a speech would never be repeated.
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Lennerstad, Håkan, and Lars Lundberg. "Chapter 8: Communication channels." Electronic Notes in Discrete Mathematics 14 (May 2003): 155–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1571-0653(04)80607-3.
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Li, Zhan G. "Communication in Marketing Channels." Journal of Marketing Channels 6, no. 3-4 (August 28, 1998): 45–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j049v06n03_03.
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Alter-Gartenberg, Rachel. "Efficient visual communication channels." Journal of Mathematical Imaging and Vision 5, no. 1 (January 1995): 59–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01250253.
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Mykhatskyi, Oleksii. "INFORMATIVE SAFETY OF UNMANNED AVIATION SYSTEMS RADIO COMMUNICATION CHANNELS." Cybersecurity: Education, Science, Technique, no. 1 (2018): 56–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.28925/2663-4023.2018.1.5662.
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An analysis of navigation and command-telemetric radio channels is used for exploitation of unmanned aviation systems are proceeds. The classification of radio channels vulnerability is tied to the modes of unmanned aerial vehicles control and their safe exploitation key terms. The criteria of flight mission feasibility and applicability of the different control modes are set in the conditions of violation at the radio channels data communication. The signs of successful flight task processing are the aircraft returning and landing to the set point, absence of distortions or rejections of preset flight trajectory, regular payload functioning. Each of these criteria can be broken when hindrances and interferences in the radio channels are present. Composition and setting functions of unmanned aerial vehicles control radio channels depend on the control mode. In-process distinguished manual control mode from earth in the zone of visual control, manual control mode via the feedback video channel, automatic control mode by an aircraft by on-board autopilot with constantly operating bilateral radio channel of telemetry and automatic control mode by the commands without permanent telemetric control. The first two modes envisage the permanent participating of the controlled from ground pilot in the control loop and due to it does not depend on suppression of satellite navigation radio channel. Suppression of radio management channels for these modes usually ends with abnormal finishing the flight. Hindrances and suppression of radio channels at automatic control modes can result in deviation of trajectory from the preset one or unsatisfactory work of the payload. Conclusions contain newest further suggestion on the unmanned aerial systems radio channels security. In the modes of visual hand control the probability of extraneous interference can be diminished by directed antennas. To increase the security at the automatic flight modes it offers to use the satellite navigation data authenticity analyzer with permanent comparison between the satellite data and calculated navigation data.
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Diyal, Suresh Bahadur. "Analysis of Effective Communication Tools for Disaster Management in the Educational Institutes." Innovative Research Journal 2, no. 2 (July 6, 2023): 58–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/irj.v2i2.56155.
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Disasters come across as a black day to any country or place within the country. It causes various destructions in the geographical and life of people. Analyze the uses of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) tools in the disaster period, explore the effective communication channel used in disaster management, and identify the best communication tools and channels in disaster periods in educational institutes' main objectives of this study and the Kathmandu, Lalitpur, Bhaktapur, and Dadeldhura districts of Nepal are the main study area. During the disaster period, the government brings different communication tools and awareness programs to minimize risk and destruction. However, due to a lack of proper implementation and unawareness, using those tools effectively has become a major challenge. There are challenges for integrating ICT tools for disaster management because of a lack of knowledge about the ICT tools, and how to use them inappropriately. Social media, smartphones, and short message service (SMS) ICT tools help to communicate immediately during the disaster period. ICT tools helped with disaster management in the research area’s schools and they give priority to the wireless channel then the telephone channel for communication. In some of the schools, there are optical fibers also used for communication and no school used satellite communications channels for communication.
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Bandyopadhyay, Soumava, Robert A. Robicheaux, and John S. Hill. "Cross-Cultural Differences in Intrachannel Communications: The United States and India." Journal of International Marketing 2, no. 3 (September 1994): 83–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1069031x9400200305.
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Findings of a comparative study of intrachannel communication in marketing channels in the United States and India are presented. Two factors—the cultural environment and the degree of relational-ism in channel relationships—were posited to affect the nature of supplier-dealer communications. A survey of lighting equipment dealers in the two countries indicated that compared to the U.S. environment, the Indian environment was characterized by greater unidirectional communication from supplier to dealer, lower communication frequency, greater use of formal communication modes, and greater supplier use of direct influence strategies. A relational channel structure neutralized the differences in communication patterns due to cultural differences, however.
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Ibrаhimov, B. G., and K. M. Tahirova. "METHOD FOR CALCULATION MAXIMUM THROUGHPUT HIDDEN CHANNELS IN SYSTEMS OF STEGANOGRAPHIC COMMUNICATIONS." T-Comm 16, no. 9 (2022): 40–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.36724/2072-8735-2022-16-9-40-45.
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An analysis of the performance indicators multiservice telecommunication networks using the sixth technological order based on the NGN (Next Generation Network) architectural concept and future FN (Future Networks) networks was carried out to build high-performance steganographic systems with increased covert channels through-put, ensuring the achievement of a certain level information security. Comprehensive criteria for the efficiency the functioning steganographic systems are considered and the channel capacity of the steganosystem as a communication system with packet switching is selected. On the basis of the study, a new approach to constructing a method for evaluating complex indicators of the quality of steganographic communication during embedding and extracting hidden data is proposed. The quality of steganographic communication refers to the properties steganocommunication to ensure the efficiency of the system, both timely and reliable transmission of messages. On the basis of the proposed approach, the effectiveness steganographic systems in the construction of covert channels for the transmission secret data transmitted over communication channels was studied. Taking into account the new entropy approach, a method for calculating the indicators of the latent throughput steganographic systems in packet- switched communication networks has been created. As a result of the study calculation method, important analytical expressions were obtained for evaluating complex indicators throughput steganographic systems, such as the throughput of covert channels, the maximum possible value of the performance of a binary source packets, the average packet transmission time with the proposed coding scheme, and the residual throughput of the communication channel. Based on the results obtained, covert channel performance in steganographic systems was simulated using the Communications Toolbox package, an extension of the standard Matlab environment designed for calculating and modeling communication systems. The table contains indicators of the residual throughput of the system and the parameters of covert channel, taking into account the lengths of the headers of the network and channel levels of the open systems interaction models. With the considered method counteraction, a graphical dependence of the maximum value residual system throughput on the covert channel parameter is plotted. On the basis of the analysis, actual problems are identified, recommendations are developed to improve the efficiency of the use steganographic systems architectures for multiservice telecommunication networks.
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Giovannetti, V., S. Guha, S. Lloyd, L. Maccone, J. H. Shapiro, B. J. Yen, and H. P. Yuen. "Classical capacity of free-space optical communication." Quantum Information and Computation 4, no. 6&7 (December 2004): 489–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.26421/qic4.6-7-8.
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Demianowicz, Maciej. "Decoherence-Free Communication over Multiaccess Quantum Channels." Open Systems & Information Dynamics 20, no. 02 (June 2013): 1350007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1230161213500078.
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In this paper we consider decoherence-free communication over multiple access and k-user quantum channels. First, we concentrate on a hermitian unitary noise model U for a two-access bi-unitary channel and show that in this case a decoherence-free code exists if the space of Schmidt matrices of an eigensubspace of U exhibits certain properties of decomposability. Then, we show that our technique is also applicable for generic random unitary two-access channels. Finally, we consider the applicability of the result to the case of a larger number of senders and general Kraus operators.
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Solopova, O. A. "Communication space in the library and information sphere." Scientific and Technical Libraries, no. 2 (February 25, 2019): 31–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.33186/1027-3689-2019-2-31-41.
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Specific features of the communication space in the library and information sphere are discussed. The communication process players and factors are named. The communication space scheme for the library and information sphere is proposed. The scheme comprises: library and information staff, target audience (users), partners, and regulatory authorities. The formal and informal communication channels are characterized and compared with their advantages and drawbacks named. Several procedures for choosing communication channels relevant to target audience are proposed to increase effectiveness of the communication process and validity of communicant-recipient information transfer. Optimum communication channel selection stages and factors are characterized. Communication barriers due to wrong communication channel and their negative consequences for the communication process are described. Knowledge of the communication space in the library and information sphere and communication channel selection algorithm enables to exclude the communication barriers.
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Derler, Isabella, Isaac Jardin, and Christoph Romanin. "Molecular mechanisms of STIM/Orai communication." American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology 310, no. 8 (April 15, 2016): C643—C662. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpcell.00007.2016.
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Ca2+entry into the cell via store-operated Ca2+release-activated Ca2+(CRAC) channels triggers diverse signaling cascades that affect cellular processes like cell growth, gene regulation, secretion, and cell death. These store-operated Ca2+channels open after depletion of intracellular Ca2+stores, and their main features are fully reconstituted by the two molecular key players: the stromal interaction molecule (STIM) and Orai. STIM represents an endoplasmic reticulum-located Ca2+sensor, while Orai forms a highly Ca2+-selective ion channel in the plasma membrane. Functional as well as mutagenesis studies together with structural insights about STIM and Orai proteins provide a molecular picture of the interplay of these two key players in the CRAC signaling cascade. This review focuses on the main experimental advances in the understanding of the STIM1-Orai choreography, thereby establishing a portrait of key mechanistic steps in the CRAC channel signaling cascade. The focus is on the activation of the STIM proteins, the subsequent coupling of STIM1 to Orai1, and the consequent structural rearrangements that gate the Orai channels into the open state to allow Ca2+permeation into the cell.
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Peracchia, C., and S. J. Girsch. "Functional modulation of cell coupling: evidence for a calmodulin-driven channel gate." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 248, no. 6 (June 1, 1985): H765—H782. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.1985.248.6.h765.
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Much of the capacity of tissues to respond to signals as well integrated systems is due to the existence of direct cell-to-cell communication pathways. This type of communication, usually referred to as cell coupling, is based on the presence of cell-to-cell channels permeable to ions, metabolites, and regulatory compounds. The cell-to-cell channels are located at specialized regions of cell contact known as gap junctions or communicating junctions. An important aspect of cell coupling is channel permeability modulation. In recent years this feature of cell coupling has received a great deal of attention, most efforts being aimed at identifying uncoupling treatments and uncoupling agents and at determining the elements of the channel gating mechanism. This review focuses on recent studies suggesting the participation of calmodulin-like proteins in channel gating and on the application of in vitro approaches to cell coupling research-the study of permeability and gating of cell-to-cell channels incorporated into liposomes and the determination of conformational changes in isolated channel protein.
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Karabulut, Muhammet Ali. "Study of Power and Trajectory Optimization in UAV Systems Regarding THz Band Communications with Different Fading Channels." Drones 7, no. 8 (July 31, 2023): 500. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/drones7080500.
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Researchers are interested in unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) because they have many uses in current 5G and future 6G networks and are safer than human-operated vehicles. Terahertz (THz)-band communications are a possible option in 6G for fast communication. THz wireless communication between UAVs is taken into consideration in this work. Different fading channels, which are significant influencing factors in THz communication channel modeling, are used to analyze the performance of UAV communications in THz networks. Consideration must be made to the structure, wireless channel parameters, and transmission characteristics when evaluating the performance of wireless technology. Nakagami-m, Rician, Weibull, and Rayleigh fading channels are all taken into consideration, along with log-normal fading. Moreover, an optimization algorithm for the THz channel is presented, which is meant to minimize transmission power by optimizing the trajectory of uplink and downlink transmissions between the UAV and users. The equations of the UAV locations and the transmission power optimization of each user are derived. Analytical formulations regarding capacity, outage probability, and bit error rate (BER) are generated when performance-influencing factors are taken into account. The analytical analysis is supported by the numerical results that are provided.
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Sharma, Vishal. "Effect of Noise on Practical Quantum Communication Systems." Defence Science Journal 66, no. 2 (March 23, 2016): 186. http://dx.doi.org/10.14429/dsj.66.9771.
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<p>Entanglement is an important resource for various applications of quantum computation. Another important endeavor is to establish the role of entanglement in practical implementation where system of interest is affected by various kinds of noisy channels. Here, a single classical bit is used to send information under the influence of a noisy quantum channel. The entanglement content of quantum states is computed under noisy channels such as amplitude damping, phase damping, squeesed generalised amplitude damping, Pauli channels and various collective noise models on the protocols of quantum key distribution.</p><p> </p>
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Pongrac, Danijela, Mihaela Banek Zorica, and Roman Domović. "Scholars’ Domain of Information Space." Publications 10, no. 4 (November 22, 2022): 43. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/publications10040043.
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This article addresses Croatian scholars’ information behavior and how they use technology to acquire information in three areas of their work: teaching, research, and administrative activities. Our study aims to find which communication channels scholars utilize to find and share knowledge. Are they using communication channels targeting a broader audience, i.e., formal–explicit communication, or those targeting a narrower one, i.e., informal–implicit communication? The questionnaire used included four questions regarding scholar activities, with nine possible communication channels, scored on a seven-point Likert scale. Considering many channels for each area of activity, a reduction was made through Principal Component Analysis (PCA), to determine latent components in various channels. In finding information for teaching activities, the main communication channel is informal and implicit, while for research and administrative activities, it is formal and explicit. PCA shows a distinction between social and technical domains of science in terms of how scholars collect material for administrative tasks. A further communication channel is reduced to two factors for all questions, where the first factor has formal–explicit and the second has informal–implicit characteristics. This work is part of a larger study aimed at determining the mechanisms of information diffusion within academic institutions, utilizing the Information space model.