Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Communication écrite'
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Malardier, Nathalie. "Production verbale écrite d'unités supérieures aux mots : étude à l'interface entre le texte et le mot isolé." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003CLF20008.
Full textMorin, Louise. "Le développement de la communication écrite auprès d'un enfant autiste." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/29206.
Full textMarouby-Terriou, Geneviève. "Structure phonologique et traitement du langage écrit : expérimentation et modélisation." Aix-Marseille 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998AIX10064.
Full textTambwe, Kitenge Bin Kitoko Eddie. "Pouvoir politique et système de communication écrite au Congo-Zai͏̈re, (1885-1990)." Paris 7, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA070106.
Full textThis study examines the situation of the written communication in Congo-Zai͏̈re, from the colonial regime to the postcolonial one. My thesis falls within the problematical relationship power/media, and is inspired from the political bibliological theory, of which hypothesis favours the political factor. From this point of view, to each political model there is a biliological model or a specific model of organization of the elements of the written communication. This study exposes the three political systems of communication that the country has known : the Belgium colonial regime of Congo (1885-1960) ; the democratic republic of Congo (DRC) (1960-1965) and finally the republic of Zai͏̈re (1965-1990). This study reveals the bibliological models of these three political powers. The colonial system institutes a specific double bibliological model : newspapers for the Whites and newspapers for the Blacks, etc. The bibliological configuration known under the DRC regime (1960-1965) is the outcome of the of the cultural and political intervention of the Unesco. My study is meant to show the ideological conditions of the birth and development of the so-called universal model. Under the influence of the only zairian party (1965-1990) the political power would promote a bibliological model, with a concentric philosophy and unbending institutions. This bibliological monolithisation consists in making each written element of communication depend on one institution. Scientifically speaking, the purpose of this investigation is the application of the political bibliological theory in Dark Africa and in that sense it proves to be pioneer. Far from being a simple record of facts, this work is not only meant to inform and document, but it is an attempt to globalise, systemize and understand facts
Verdier, Pascale. "Interactions verbales entre enfants et conceptualisation en langue écrite." Paris 5, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA05H037.
Full textWhat can be the efficiency of interactive situations for the appropriation of written language, in a multilevel class ? In the field of research of French as a mother language, we study the learning of written language by students organized in dyads or larger groups. The theoretical framework is a combination of cognitive and socio-cognitive psychology, also linguistic pragmatics. We refer to the work of Vygotsky and Bruner. (. . . )
Bahram, Beiguy Mehri. "L’ enseignement de l’expression écrite chez les apprenants iraniens." Aix-Marseille 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009AIX10086.
Full textBalas, Bernard. "La construction de la langue écrite par l'adulte apprenant lecteur-scripteur : l'exemple de la copie d'écrit." Toulouse 2, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007TOU20039.
Full textThe objective of this thesis is to see how the adult learning reader-scripteur works out his presentation of the written language. The copy of writings is used as an indicator and a tool of valuation of the theory of writings which learning it works out in the course of its study. One asks for it him to copy a short informative text by looking at it the least possible. From 56 protocols of copy analysed on 160 gathering, it frees that subject passes by five periods of successive strategies to work out its presentation of the written language ; Step or visuo-graphic strategy by which it considers writings to be any person with a strong visual sense ; the strategy of relations writings-oral, where it uses a visual presentation to work out an oral step and understand as well that writings, it is language ; the strategy of relations oral-written where her intention is to construct pronouncuable units ; the strategy of the building of word where it formalizes its presentation of word as lexical unit and in serves in fulcrum to construct group of words ; Semantic and syntactic strategy where it constructs units of sense according to their position in sentence. It turns then to a textual strategy which takes into account sentence. The comparison of protocols of copy with the entrance and with the exit of a training centered on the education of the written language allows to notice effects on study. Two protocols of dictation of the text offered in copy give an evaluation of conscience phonologique of learning it and how it articulates visual and oral strategies
Seraïche, Rhislène. "De la polyvalence à l'unité fonctionnelle de l'écrit." Toulouse 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007TOU10058.
Full textChabanne, Jean-Luc. "Propositions pour une pédagogie du langage écrit auprès d'enfants psychotiques scolarisés en hôpital de jour." Bordeaux 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992BOR21012.
Full textSpecialized pedagogy in psychotic children is at the junction of two main paradigmatic systems : pedagogy and child psychosis. However men are applying this pedagogy in suitable premises within an institution. And as is usual we are aiming at teaching the learning of reading of graphics and of the numbering systems complement the caregiver's therapeutic action in the day hospital. In such premises and functioning our investigations into graphics led us to conceive a theory on the perception of "space" representation among psychotic children in school setting. We particularly observed in the children's graphics a changeover form the representation of a figure space (graphics space) to a textual space (word space). Having observed the cognitive functioning of these children, we were able to work out a number of pedagogical strategies we are presenting in a progression
David, Jacques. "Genèse de l'écriture : contribution à la linguistique de l'écrit et à son acquisition." Paris 5, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA05H088.
Full textThe genesis of the writing comprises in a double point of view : phylogenetic and ontogenetic. The first makes the object of a presentation in linguistic, psycholinguistic, history, anthropology and philosophy. The second describes the child writing development through synthesized and discussed research. The study, centered on the evolution of writing procedures in young children (from 1 year and haif at 6 years and half), is based on the collection of written texts produced by 45 subjects and the transcribed recordings of 370 sequences of metagraphic explanations. Their qualitative and statistical analysis describe procedures used by these young writers to acquire the principles of the french writing system and the characteristics of this singular orthography. This analysis shows three fundamental components, discussed within the framework of genetic vriting linguistic: semiographv, phonography, morphography
Boutaleb, Djamila. "Les enfants sourds en Algérie : problèmes d'acquisition de la langue écrite." Paris 5, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA05H115.
Full textThis thesis deals with the problems of deafness in Algeria, more particularly in schools where an attempt is made to pin down the causes of failure in the learning of language by deaf children. In order to understand the difficulties, it had seemed appropriate to examine the problem of deafness itself and its consequences on schooling and social life. This will be the subject of the first part. The emphasis will be on this "difference" which affects primarily the development of language and which may cause schooling delays and create psychoaffective problems and social problems. The current conflict of methods, oralism sign language, makes it possible to reconsider the status of deaf children thanks to the findings of linguistics and the works of psycholinguists and sociolinguists, of whom some current ideas will be presented in this work. In the second part, the deaf community in Algeria will be illustrated with some historical and socio-educational characteristics, for, to know the past and present living conditions of the deaf gives us the means to understand their actual level in the practice of the written language, which will be examined in the third part. The observed difficulties lie at the syntactic level, as well as the lexical, grammatical, and orthographic levels. The choice of deaf francophones, deaf arabophones, and hearing pupils benefits our analysis. This study is made in a pedagogical prospect but is integrated in a set of psycho-sociolinguistic views
Pouit, Delphine. "La planification dans la production écrite du texte argumentatif : aspects développementaux." Poitiers, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000POIT5018.
Full textKanso, Hassan. "Vers la reconnaissance des intentions de communication : application au contenu de publications scientifiques." Toulouse 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009TOU10010.
Full textApprehending the intentions behind human actions is necessarily difficult owing to their inherent ambiguity as can be seen from communication theory in the fields of artificial intelligence, computer science, linguistics, philosophy, and psychology. This ambiguity is due to the fact that the notion of intention is used to denote both the existence of a goal and the existence of a plan to carry out an action. Consequently, we have concentraded only on those intentions consciously desired by the authors of the documents. Document types may be limited (in the thesis, the target documents are scientific). Applications based on services for document processing and management (writing aids, text generation, reviewing etc. ) would benefit if the notion of authorial intention were treated systematically. - A model of intentions used as a basis for their recognition should contribute to the achievement of this aim. In this thesis, we propose a model of intentions, a procedure for recognizing intentions in scientific documents based on this model. The validation testing of our model is based on the development of a programme for the recognition of the intentions of authors through communication in documents (RICAD)
Dansac, Christophe. "De la structuration des connaissances référentielles à celle du texte : étude du processus d'organisation dans la production de textes descriptifs." Poitiers, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999POIT5009.
Full textMassol, Stéphanie. "Études électrophysiologiques du codage orthographique." Aix-Marseille 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010AIX10063.
Full textBannour, Rachid. "L’ écriture expressive et ses effets : approche cognitivo-émotionnelle." Aix-Marseille 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009AIX10098.
Full textAlmeida, Lajes Maria Alcina. "Contribution a l'etude de la communication ecrite chez l'enfant - elements pour une analyse semantico-pragmatique de textes d'ecoliers portugais (cm1 et cm2) : les actes de langage." Toulouse 2, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989TOU20022.
Full textA contribution to the study of the written language of primary school age children is proposed here, with the assumption that the learning disabilities evidenced by children belonging to certain social groups may be due, to a great extent, to language differences. The analysis that has been carried out shows the relevance of the concept of illocutionary synonymy with respect to the description of language usage (information, greating, promise. . . ). The corpus of 240 written compositions (selected from a sample of 1200) has been analysed by means of a large number of grids, we have designed according to the taxonomy of illocutionary acts of searle (1972, 1982) and aston (1977) as well as to the theoretical framework of anscombre, berrendonner, ducrot, kerbrat-orecchioni. . . ). The data have been analysed as a function of the following variables : age, sex, private public school and social status. The main finding of this study are the establishement of the tendencies of the written communication of urban children (lisbon) and the identification of the most significant differences between the sub-groups we have observed
Boyer, Bruno. "La dénomination orale et écrite d'actions : comparaison avec la dénomination d'objets." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006CLF20005.
Full textRousseau, Patrick. "Pratique des écrits et écriture des pratiques : la part "indicible" de l'Action Educative en Milieu Ouvert." Paris 10, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA100084.
Full textThe lack of "readability" of social work seems aggravated in areas where the practice of the intervention is little explicit such as certain implements of home support and home intervention. More ever, educators have difficulty in describing die contents of their actions in a context where the opposite poles of their mission - assistance and control - reactivates the identity tensions of these professionals. Writing being a concrete part of the activity of the service providers, this thesis offers to study their reports addressed to juvenile courts' judges as one method of access to actual practices. In written reports, the paradox of intervention appears clearly and so do the unexpressed stakes of the professional practice. The analysis of that corpus was supplemented by the use of a dedicated tool, in the form of a monitoring booklet, filled up immediately by educators asked to record there all their acts and to comment them. The research, undertaken in 2 local authorities, was based on the participation of 20 educators, 31 family situations during an average period of 9 months
Li, Calzi Valérie. "Effets des composants de la mémoire de travail sur la production écrite de textes." Aix-Marseille 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000AIX10067.
Full textMiribel, Marielle de. "Contribution à la reconnaissance de la fonction communication en bibliothèque : approche théorique et historique : la communication écrite en direction des lecteurs." Paris 10, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA100012.
Full textBourdin, Béatrice. "Coût cognitif de la production verbale : étude comparative oral/écrit chez l'enfant et l'adulte." Dijon, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994DIJOL024.
Full textThis work was aimed at showing, in a developmental and cognitive perspective, the cognitive cost of low-level processes involved in written production (e. G. , spelling, handwriting). Our hypothesis was that these processes increase the working memory load. Such a load would have an impact on the management and quality of written production. This would be all the more true as the subjects are novices. Indeed, the activities specific to writing are assumed to be automated in adults. Consequently, they would consume few cognitive resources. By contrast, in children, these activities would not be yet automated and would be cognitively costly. Thus, we postulated that all the activities involved in production draw on a single limited pool of cognitive resources. Consequently, if the activities specific to writing increase the working memory load, thus they should limit the resources allocated to higher level activities (i. E. , conceptual and linguistic planning). In this perspective, a first series of experiments was conducted from a serial recall paradigm which was assumed to simulate either the graphic (written recall) or phonetic (oral recall) execution of a pre-planned "message". These experiments were designed to show that, at least in children, the written recall leads in a drop in performance with respect to oral recall performance. These experiments showed that the written mode increased the cognitive cost of the production of a language sequence in children (7 and 9 years) but not in adults. This increase of the load resulted in a drop in performance in the written mode. Handwriting and spelling explained, at least partially, these results. The cognitive cost of the written mode was extended in a second series of experiments to situation in which the material was more highly structured, such as in sentence and text production
Verone, Dorian. "L'écrit dans la procédure orale." Thesis, Montpellier, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019MONTD010.
Full textThe written procedure place in the oral one is a sensitive question. This oral procedure rests on two features : the first one is the absence of mandatory legal représentation, the second one rests on verbal exchange only. Civil procedure rules don’t anticipate in detail the written procedure place in the oral one, they only repeat the same phrase for every courts : « the parties may refer to claims and means they would formulate in writing as well. The parties’ claims are written in the case or recorded in the minutes. Facing the recurrent use of the writing in the procedures without mandatory legal representation, case laws stepped in deciding that the writing is only a subsidiary tool for the oral procedure. Notwithstanding, since 2010, the successive legislative reforms grant the writing its own authority. Thereby, the writing has the ability to be a fully fledged means of expression that may be used by the assisted parts or not. In practice, this evolution results from a marginalising of the oral procedure by the professionals, especially because of its difficulties to be compatible with the trial principles. The writing offers the prospect for the oral procedure to complete its structural loopholes
Labasse, Bertrand. "La rédaction professionnelle : statut épistémologique, fondements psycholinguistiques, perspectives didactiques." Lyon 2, 2002. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/documents/lyon2/2002/labasse_b.
Full textThe present research deals with the foundations of the practice and training of writing techniques, in particular when these techniques are applied to complex topics. First, the status of this field in higher education is assessed, and its tensions are examined from a diachronic angle (the rhetoric's legacy) and a synchronic angle (the case of journalism). Then, an inventory of the present state of knowledge in this domain is drawn up from the examination of a corpus of fifty anglophone and francophone writing handbooks in three areas : news writing, science writing and business writing. .
Foureaux, Françoise. "L'accès à l'écrit chez le pré-lecteur : nature et traitement des indices prélevés." Aix-Marseille 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988AIX10039.
Full textThe object of this present study is to determine the establishing of processes of the written language treatment for the pre-reader having not yet been subjected to learning how to read in the educational system. This work is limited to the study of word recognition ability. The first part examines the elements that we possess at this time in favour of the elaboration of an interactive model of language understanding and is more particularly interested in word processing. The second part involves experimentation. The first two experiments try to establish whether the word frequency means something for the pre-reader, the third centers more around the effects of the extra-linguistic context, the fourth concerns itself with showing the nature of the treated cues by the pre-reader to that which holds the most importance for him : his first and last name. Although these experiments show an effect of experimental material type, certain facts repete themselves independantly of the cicumstances and permit to conclude, contrary to the assumption that the child does not read the written words globaly but proceeds by visual analysis in order to take up the graphic cues which hold the meaning
Lemarié, Julie. "La compréhension des textes visuellement structurés : le cas des énumérations." Toulouse 2, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006TOU20041.
Full textOur research deals with the influence of visual signals (headings, enumerations,. . . ) on text comprehension. Our general claim is that text comprehension is not restricted to the interpretation of the text propositional content but also consists in interpreting the text visual properties. This assumption aims to enrich existing comprehension models : we shed the light on processes implied in comprehension and that are specific to the cognitive processing of written texts. To test this assumption, we evaluate the contribution of the Textual Architecture Model to the study of text comprehension. This model offers means to analyse the semantic scope of text visual signals. We investigate different assumptions coming from the model. Results indicate that texts with the same propositional content but different visual signaling devices give rise to different interpretations
Saïdi, Sarah. "Le journalisme de communication dans la presse écrite québécoise : étude comparée des quotidiens Le Devoir et La Presse." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/6535.
Full textBahsoun, Hayfa. "L’impact des nouvelles technologies de communication écrite sur la production d’écrits des collégiens et lycéens francophones." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUL104.
Full textWritten communication technologies and digital language are the keys that have opened the space for reflection on the impact of such technologies and type of language on the writings of francophone college and high school students. The age of these young people, which corresponds to the period of adolescence and its physiological transformation, as well as the emergence of technological evolution and the invasion of digital media (notably "the smartphone") played a role in the modification, at least partially, of the French language, particularly in the field of school writing. The act of writing is no longer considered as regulated, on the contrary, it has become oral-oriented, without rules, grouping together sound and writing and responding to the editorial desires of adolescents. On the other hand, certain variations in this new act of digital writing are not created from vacuum, they trace back to forms of writing formerly used in traditional writings, which constitutes one of the important points of the subject of our research. The impact of the use of digital tools on the quality of language, especially spelling, is often considered by the general public as harmful. In general, our object is defined through the studies carried out around this subject which did not affirm the absolute negativity of the new numerical language on the productions of writings of the students, which is why certain suggestions are indicated for better learning of language
Boré, Catherine. "Choix enonciatifs dans la mise en mots de la fiction : le cas des brouillons scolaires." Grenoble 3, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998GRE39033.
Full textBased on claudine fabre's previous work in the field of school rough copies, this thesis endeavours to study this very same subject with a focus on the production of fictional stories by schoolchildren attending the final year of elementary school and the first year of secondary school. Fictional stories belong to a + sub-genre ; in the sense used by bakhtine and are relevant to the linguistics of discourse. As for the rough copies, the assumption is made that there exist several types of them, whose differences relate to the varied scholastic situations, hence the creation of three distinct subcorpus. By comparing the several versions of rough copies according to the methodology of genetic critic normally used with writer manuscripts, we mean to examine the way schoolchildren make enunciation choices when building a fictional discourse. The notion of + choice ; will be discussed, to which one should not give too conscious or intentional a meaning. We will rather make a point in detecting what - either standard or stereotyped superimposed school interferences - is specifically revealed by schoolchildren fiction writing. Thus, the work of + putting into words ; - an expression borrowed from f. Francois - is considered from different linguistic categories. Enunciation theories remain a major reference, but the linguistic categories which are attached to it should not make up a priori analysis criteria. The modifications found out in the rough copies focus the analysis towards variations in the expression of determination, the use of specific markers of causality as operators of explicit consistency, and the modality carried by the subjective verbs. As a whole, on the basis of a description whose tools and concepts have been elaborated all along the analysis, this thesis intends to cast a light of the functioning of non-legitimate writings whose very individuality is unrecognized. What emerges from that is the paradoxical acknowledgement that rewriting encourages the underlying resort to stereotypes (taken in a broad meaning), and at the same time, the extreme ceativity which these writings give to read with their unpredictable plays of words
Bregeon, Marie. "Analyse des rapports à la culture scripturale scolaire chez les élèves de SEGPA de culture pratico-orale et leur évolution." Paris 12, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA120061.
Full textThe aim of our thesis is to understand how the relationships of SEGPA pupils towards written school culture operate and what are the stokes in them. For that purpose, we will bring up what the fealures of these pupils oral culture transmitted in school. It relies on the theorical corpus elaborated during the past thirty years, and on the pupils representations collected among them throuhout interviews. Thus, we enhance the differences, oppositions and articulations that can be possible between these two cultural patterns. We settle thereafter an example of a pedagogical practice whose objective is ti articulate the norms and values inherent in these two patterns : story telling from SEGPA pupils to last year nursery school children
Abi, Karam Dana. "Crise écologique et représentation médiatique : le cas libanais dans sa presse écrite nationale." Thesis, Bordeaux 3, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013BOR30056/document.
Full textTo speak of the environment in a country as Lebanon seems, at first sight for most Lebanese, a bit strange. Indeed, the continuous episode of war and consequently political and economic instability in the country hinders the introduction of ecology among the citizens’ preoccupations. Nevertheless, the reasons of the Lebanese environmental crisis cannot be reduced to the war consequences. They are more complex including political management, citizen’s conscience as well as media coverage. The protection of the natural resources starts with an intellectual metamorphosis. The environmental communication imposes itself then in various ways in the public space. This research in information Sciences and Communication questions the environment representation in three important Lebanese newspapers (Annahar, Assafir and L’Orient Le Jour). How is done the mediatization of this theme ? What is the nature of the ecological stakes ? To which point does the press manage to raise in the public opinion the awareness of the danger that surrounds it ? Do the social representations of the environment transform the choice and the events treatment ? To answer this, we conduct a quantitative and qualitative analysis of the press articles in two times: one ordinary and another troubled. Joining two disciplinary fields (Medias and environment) brings us to a double reflection. On one hand, it allows us to question the present written press role in Lebanon, and on the other, it constitutes an opportunity to understand how a newspaper works and the laws defining the information choice and construction while taking into account the polemic character of the environment
Beauvais, Caroline. "Gestion des processus rédactionnels et qualité des textes." Poitiers, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010POIT5008.
Full textThe purpose of this dissertation is to examine the relationship between text quality and online management of the writing process. More precisely, the aim of the study was to investigate how this relationship might be affected by the type of text (i. E. , narrative and argumentative texts), and by a goal emphasizing text quality. For that purpose, three experiments were conducted. .
Froment, Mireille. "Temps et dramatisation dans des récits écrits d'élèves de cinquième." Paris 5, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA05H047.
Full textWe study time and dramatization in narratives written by pupils twelve or thirteen years old. They had to write the end of the same short text. A common referent has been chosen, which allowed to proceed to a comparison. Propp's theory or his successors' are not relevant. There is no underlying schema from which a text can be composed. In a text we find elements of different types which are mixed together. It is possible to say what are the necessary conditions to produce a narrative and possible to describe dramatization ‘structures but not to anticipate its particular organization. Analysis which includes dialogism enables to consider that texts are in a paraphrase situation. Bakhtine definies a triple dialogism : with preceding texts, with following texts, dialogism within the text itself (produced by locutor's discursive heterogeneity and anticipations of interlocutor's reactions). All our texts are complex narratives and represented types of times are a way to classify them. Narrative time is naturally heterogeneous : chronological time (the same for everybody) and event time (not the same for everybody) (with a pathic value). Time in a text depends on types of verbs and types of actions, on type of discursive heterogeneity, on narrative voice and point of view (through narrator and character's categories). Preceded elements may be actualized on a metaphorical way, they may create textual effects and become "dominant organizer elements". Our texts are classified in families which allowed to elaborate a stylistic between structure and individual particularity
Alanazi, Bander. "Étude de la compétence communicative écrite chez les étudiants saoudiens de français langue étrangère." Montpellier 3, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008MON30025.
Full textNowadays, the competence of communication is universally recognized as the ultimate goal of teaching/learning a foreign language. Obviously, Saudi students, who learn the French as a foreign language, are facing some difficulties regarding their written communication skills. This study is part of the analysis of written communication skills of these students. In this regard, it is believed that a good analysis of production can provide a written contribution to the knowledge of what students have already achieved and what remains to acquire them at a crucial moment in their learning a foreign language, in this case, the French. This analysis can also be a gateway to linguistic and communication systems that shows the difficulties that students face. It can be used to adjust the programs or teaching methods of French in Saudi Arabia. Following the analysis of productions written and given the results obtained, this research provides didactical suggestions that could help the Saudi student to overcome difficulties related to writing. Finally, this study addresses a real need and may help to discover some new avenues of research on the communicative competence of the Saudi students
Auvert, Anne-Julie. "Les écritures populaires aux marges du droit social : plaintes, litiges, protestations." Paris 8, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA083968.
Full textHow can one read thousands of letters addressed by individuals to welfare state bureaucracies in order to get an aid, support or supervision ? If one is compelled to write about his personal situation to have access to a right, does it lead to a reflexive moment and to a redefinition of one’s social identity ? What is at stake in those settings to writing ? This dissertation analyzes several corpus of letters in which their authors reveal themselves, tell problems of their ordinary life, asking for and trying to obtain a protection. Throughout thousands of letters – written complaints notified to a police station in the 1950s, writings linking the unemployed with agents of an employment agency, letters received by a quasi-Department – one discovers injunctions that bear upon their authors, summoned to give away or to actualize elements of their personal situation in order to fill the social law categories or to assert a right. This analysis also concerns the word-to-word level, based on what the letters condense and seek to produce, on what they think they are acting on. Because they can hardly fit in the administrative and juridical structures, negative answers lead to new instances of settings to writing. Don’t we have here a circular relation, where ways to define oneself and acting codifications keep sending the authors back to their privates affairs ? Here, the writing is a problematic moment, all at once familial, economical and personal. As a reflexive gesture and cooperation with state-defined categories, it actualizes a social relation linking intimacy to politics
Bonin, Patrick. "Accès lexical en production verbale : essai de mise en évidence d'une spécificité de l'écrit." Dijon, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995DIJOL022.
Full textThe goal of this research was to study lexical access in written production in an experimental way to favor the conception that lexical access in written language production would share some processing levels with spoken language production system and that writing would also have some specific processing components. The review of the literature (chapitre 1) showed that studies dealing with were less advanced than those dealing with comprehension or with spoken language production. In fact, most investigations on lexical access in writing came from the cognitive neuropsychological field. According to this latter approach, lexical access in writing would not be mediated by the systematic prior retrieval of phonological codes for orthographic codes being retrieved or computed. Our position was that the neuropsychological view had to be supported by experimental data provided by normal adults. Eight experiments have been run on highly literate adults using two traditional paradigms that have been widely used to investigate spoken language production, namely the rt paradigm and the interference paradigm. These experiments are presented in chapters 2 and 3. In these experiments, spoken language production was always investigated together with written language production. In chapter 4, the main results are summarized and discussed. Future research directions are presented and discussed. The results obtained from these experiments suggested that the two language production systems would share some processing components and that lexical access in the written production of isolated words would not require the systematic and prior involvement of phonological codes
Goddefroy, Eglantine. "Pour une typologie linguistique de l'énonciation de presse." Paris 4, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA040240.
Full textThe enunciation theory of press works with writing rules conditioned by commercial goal, ethics professional ways of writing and the effective readability of message. Communication contract between partners also set up a system with in one side, the enunciator of message (journalist), in the other side, the person it is addressed to (reader(s)), both virtually united by a support (newspaper) and a material thing (event). By the way, journalistic speech shows up recurrent ways of working to build up a particular enunciation typology. Indeed, it is noticed that journalist mainly uses lexemes with a negative connotation, more attractive for readers, that “present” tense is the most important tense in journalistic sentences, in the way to join present of event with present of speech. Moreover, it's obvious that writing press sentences have a special punctuation (for instance, the “two points” could be useful to increase space in page but mainly, they offer a way for journalist to avoid a verb and to keep distance with his text, without any judgement). Enunciator also tries to become “transparent” to provide to his message a better credibility. And when journalist uses a polyphonic way of writing, to make witnesses, experts, or victims, talk, it's also to create a speech as close as possible from the reality. A process that make thinking about rhetorical speech and shows up silent argumentation in press sentences
Pascual, Elsa. "Représentation de l'architecture textuelle et génération de texte." Toulouse 3, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991TOU30123.
Full textPégaz, Paquet Anne. "Quand l’oral passe à l’écrit : place et rôle de l’oral dans la construction des savoirs linguistiques mis en oeuvre à l’écrit." Paris 5, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA05H015.
Full textThe aim of this research is to question the way the oral may interfere with the construction of writing abilities at French elementary schools. Whereas the "reformulation", practiced as an exercise at school, creates a dynamic and authentic teaching situation concerning oral and written language, we chose to make a comparison between the written productions of three third-year primary school classes (a Test Class and two Control Classes), through their reformulation of a child’s oral production. We wished to observe the possible implications, in the Test Class of an oral pre- reformulation, on the written skills, compared to those of the two Control Classes who had not practised this exercise prior orally. According to the given instructions, our observations focused on the abilities of summarization of the oral production and more particularly, on the possible transformations operated in the constructions of the Nominal Group that were evoked during sessions of former oral productions in the Test Class. In order to evaluate these productions, we rely on Martinot’s definition of the “reformulation” (1994), and on the classification she proposes for analyzing them. We adapted this conceptual tool to display the procedures used by the learners and to reveal the possible presence of complex transformations practiced in their productions. If the results of this experiment do not show up significant differences in respect of the contents of the restitutions (with a slight advantage for the Control Classes), they highlighted original rewording abilities, demonstrating mastery of various constructions, in pupils’ Class Test oral utterances. These abilities were transferred into their writing, in which performance was generally improved. It also showed their facilities in manipulating language constructions. This particularity cannot be found in the Controls Classes written rewordings whose constructions are simpler and less original
Le, Guern Anne-Laure. "Les écrits professionnels des formateurs d'enseignants : discours sur les pratiques et conceptions de l'écriture." Caen, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010CAEN1594.
Full textThis PhD research has a double frame : in one hand, the sociological and sociolinguistic studies about professionnal writing and writings at work, but also, in the other hand, the approach to writing as defined by what is called in the French-Speaking countries « didactics » of writing. This research explores teacher's trainers writing practices, ideas and discourses about writing(s) whatever they are (linear text or tables, non-linear writings, shown as posters, published or not, just made for oneself). Those teacher's trainers practices and conceptions are not present focused research questions. Yet they influence teachers' trainnees works. The corpus-stydy is based on a rank of unstructured interviews and analyse is based on ethnological current writings approach. The results show different conceptions that does not identify writing in a the same way, but display a a wide variety as to compose a grammatology of writing (handwriting, typewriting, act of writing, notes and logbook, files, accounts, plannification, writing articles, books, signature. . . ). Several worlds and several logics can be pointed out : legal logic which makes writing as an act offering guarantee and safeness; a handcraft logic which conceive writing as a melting-pot for making professionnal knowledge; an affirmative logic of of the identity by which writing is the means becoming oneself and being recognized by others; at least, an heuristic logic of the adressed writing, made for professionnal debate and publishing made for intellectual discussion. Writing can be then considered as a real analyser of men and women at work
Bouchut, Anne-Lise. "Les représentations des communications écrites chez des lycéens et des adultes en difficulté sur l’écrit." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LYO20009/document.
Full textThis research examines the representations of the writing functions and writing task amongst people with writing and reading difficulties. We question the link between frame representation and transitory representation in text production. Does the organisation of these representations depend on the writing context? How can those representations influence the choice of communicational intention in text production? Can we observe a development between secondary schools with writing and reading difficulties and adults with difficulties? To investigate those questions, we compare metacognitive verbalization acquired from individual interviews within 4 groups: 16 expert adults, 16 adults with writing and reading difficulties, 16 expert secondary schools and 16 secondary schools with writing and reading difficulties. Our results show a link between frame representation, transitory representation and choice of communicational intention. For all groups, the organisation of the representations varies according to the writing context. Nevertheless, the expert groups and those with difficulties aren’t similar. At last, data acquired from interviews point out an evolution of representations between secondary school groups and adults groups
Lahmidi, Zahra. "Enseigner la communication scientifique écrite aux étudiants universitaires d'un pays du sud et de la francophonie : le Maroc." Nice, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011NICE2039.
Full textThis research examines the curricular issues related to the teaching of academic and communication skills in French language in order to help students increase their chances in achieving a high level of success both in the academic and the employment field. Based on the didactic approach of the “French for specific purposes” reread in light of the polycentric model that Serge Borg (2001) has developed around the notion of “curriculum” a study is conducted and led to the development of an educational process aiming at helping students gain knowledge of the academic terminology and the cultural dimensions of their specialty field. First, this research starts by presenting the various elements of the context studied. The second step aims at analyzing the complexity of the learning needs. This has contributed to the development of new learning system called Mixed Curriculum Model suggesting the use of a combination of continuous support in addition to “ In class teaching” in order to control and supervise the students self-directed learning process. A tailored grading scale in “French for specific purposes” is adopted in order to portray the level the students’ progress
Kaciaf, Nicolas. "Les métamorphoses des pages Politique dans la presse écrite française (1945-2000)." Paris 1, 2005. https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01078668.
Full textOwaida, Ahmad. "La compétence narrative écrite chez les étudiants saoudiens de français langue étrangère : modèles théoriques et propositions didactiques." Rouen, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003ROUEL447.
Full textThe course is focused principally on the study of the written narrative skills od saudi students learning french as a foreign language, more precisely, it is about analysing their ability to construct narratives from a given typology (four types of discourse), with a view to distinguishing between the different methods of constructing written narratives according to the intelligibilty of the linguistic content conveyed. The course is divided into two main sections. The first section presents the conceptual framework of narrative construction in the foreign language using different theoretical models of discourse analysis, the construction of written narrative and the criteria which make up the educational component, int the second section, the focus is on analytical approach. It include subsections on sociolinguistic and methodological aspects, the analysis of written narrative pieces and finally, the eductional proposals
Vissac, Pascal. "Auto-langage gestuel et phonique chez les sourds : quelle approche pour l'apprentissage de la langue écrite?" Toulouse 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997TOU20093.
Full textCan the deaf learn to read without the help of phonological mediation? or is phonology an obligatory step to acquiring written language? this thesis on the didactics of acquiring written language in deaf subjects attempts to answer these questions. Basing our work, on the one hand, on the tests of conrad in the united kingdom (1964) and of klima and bellugi in the usa (1975), and on the other hand, on theoretical references concerning the cognitive approach to reading (identification processes of words, main models, etc. ), along with concepts such as bilingualism, identity, representation and past and present deaf culture, we tested several variables likely to influence the processes involved in the deaf acquiring written language. The fundamental idea is that the deaf, if totally deprived of the acoustic channel, cannot attain phonological consciousness, in such case, the visual-occular-motor channel resulting from sign language should generate a specifically gestural inner speech which may be assumed to partly compensate for the absence of phonic inner speech. Analysis of data enabled us to point out the importance of phonic inner speech and its role in the reading process, including for the totally deaf. Examination of results also enabled us to understand that lip reading, cued speech and other therapeutic aids constitute a source of phonological information used in the processes of identifying text. Furthermore, analysis of errors related to components of gestural signs (cheremes), along with observations made during writing task situations (didactic computer program),, confirm the existence of gestural inner speech in the deaf. The idea of a compensatory strategy based on gestural inner speech by deaf subjects making little use of phonic inner speech, however, could not be shown
Femmam, Chafika. "Approche des systèmes graphiques et focalisation sur FLM/FLE : méthodologie à angles de vue multiples." Besançon, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006BESA1015.
Full textThe thesis is about writing conceived of as a graphic system. A varied methodology is adopted in order to focus on problems relative to writing and on how writing is taught in the classroom. The subject is first approached historically in an attempt to reconstruct a definition of writing limited to that of a simple notation of sounds. Dating the invention of writing back 35000 years, in contrast to the conventional date that many specialists set at 35000B. C. , we have reconsidered prehistoric traces as a first graphic expression and a determining step toward modern written forms. From here we have shown that a writing is a mainly of iconic origin, a space constructed intelligently that the eye interrogates so as to attribute to it a significance independent of the phonic representation. Wanting to verify whether this new conception had influenced how writing is taught, we looked to two methods of experimentation : both questionnaires sent to primary school teachers working in the first year of scriptural teaching/learning, and also observation of classes involved in this activity. The publics concerned are : 1) French primary school teachers and their first year classes (A. F. ) for Arabic as a mother tongue, and fourth year classes (4ème A. F. ) for French as a foreign language. The result show that, scholastically, writing is still looked upon in its most restrictive conception linking it closely to the oral language, and that the exercises which prepare students to appropriate in have no really evolved for nearly a century. To remedy this situation we think that, without neglecting the oral, writing must first be liberated from it. In other words, it is indispensable to conceive of innovative scriptural exercises that are less constraining and more efficient, all the while taking into account the true and complex nature of writing
Morales, Bibiana. "Clinique et fonction de l'écriture dans la psychose." Toulouse 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009TOU20107.
Full textThe artistic or scientific production in psychosis it's an attempt essai to solve or a way to make with the disruption of the real, thats a consequence of the foreclosure of the Name-of-the Father. Writing as a support of the realm of the real allows the psychotic to fabricate a sinthome as a suppleance as a foreclosure of the Name-of-the Father, what does this means it's making a name and he is the author. This clinical study it's based of the psychoanalitical postulates about: writing, the sinthome and psychosis and therefore be able to question the sinthome formation of three inventors two of them are mathematiciens (Cantor and Nash) and the third one a writter (Virginia Woolf. ) For all three of them, the invention is the price of the triggering off their psychosis. The invention doesn't always implics the formation of a sinthome. Therefore this research pointed the paradoxal elements of the suppleance by the sinthome: the impossibilité to go beyond of the Name-of-the-Father, the melancholy and the feminine otherness
Escorcia, Dyanne. "Composantes métacognitives et performance à l’écrit : une approche sociocognitive du travail étudiant." Paris 10, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA100063.
Full textThis dissertation explores the metacognitive processes that students bring to the task of producing written work. Our central hypothesis is that the writers who produce better-quality texts are also those who make better and more sustained use of their metacognitive thought processes. The concept of metacognition is developed based on the work of J. Flavell (1977) and Bandura's social cognitive theory. Methodologically speaking, we used a combination of qualitative (interviews) and quantitative approaches (questionnaires). The results obtained are correlated with a measure of written performance. The main supposition of the research is relativized. By shedding light on the central role of metaknowledge and planning strategies, our thesis solves the question of those elements most associated with performance
Chalard, Marylène. "Effets de l'âge d'acquisition et de la fréquence objective en production verbale orale et écrite de mots isolés." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002CLF20002.
Full textAuboussier, Julien. "L’antimondialisation dans la presse écrite française : événement, problème public et discours social." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LYO20073/document.
Full textThis work deals with the global justice movement –“altermondialisation”- in the French press. The first part precises the theoretical perspective used when we study the media discourses. The notions of frame and framing are presented and adopted. They encourage to give up the approaches of media discourses which are discussed in terms’ of “representation of” and to recognize their power in the foundation of the common world. The part B is about the global justice movement like an event. Indeed, it’s through and by the event that the movement appears and finds, after the Seattle summit in 1999, a consistence and an esthetic in the mediated public sphere. Then, it’s through the paradigm of events that the global justice movement finds his identity and story and becomes a political actor. The part C concerns the year 2001. The violence becomes a problem. In July, violent fights between demonstrators and the Italian police end with the death of a young man. In September, it‘s the terrorist attack against the Twin towers in New York. The events are both studied through the consequences they have on the media discourses which deal with the global justice movement.In the last part, we analyze “altermondialisation” like a specific social discourse and his spread and circulation –his triviality- in the global social discourse