Relevant bibliographies by topics / Communication in drug use prevention

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Communication in drug use prevention'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 7 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Communication in drug use prevention"

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Simons-Morton, Bruce G., Lewis Donohew, and Aria Davis Crump. "Health Communication in the Prevention of Alcohol, Tobacco, and Drug Use." Health Education & Behavior 24, no. 5 (1997): 544–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/109019819702400503.

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Research on substance abuse prevention programs indicates that effectiveness is greater when multiple intervention approaches that address the specific vocabulary, perceptions, and values of the target population are employed. The field of health communication provides unique perspectives on media that can be applied to increase the salience and effectiveness of substance abuse prevention programs. Well-designed and well-delivered health communications have the capacity for reaching remote audiences, changing health attitudes and behavior, shaping social norms, changing the way health issues are portrayed by the popular media, and influencing decisions about legislation and policies. Health communication approaches are generally employed within the broad context of health promotion programs, along with education, community development, empowerment, and social change approaches. This article describes the role of health communication in substance abuse prevention, reviews major conceptualizations of health communication, and introduces the unique features of the four articles included in this special section of Health Education & Behavior.
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Krizek, Robert L., Michael L. Hecht, and Michelle Miller. "Language as an indicator of risk in the prevention of drug use." Journal of Applied Communication Research 21, no. 3 (1993): 245–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00909889309365370.

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Anis, Annisa Nisa, and Shomedran Shomedran. "The Parents Role to Prevention of Drug Abuse in Teenager." SPEKTRUM: Jurnal Pendidikan Luar Sekolah (PLS) 9, no. 3 (2021): 302. http://dx.doi.org/10.24036/spektrumpls.v9i3.112840.

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The problem of drug abuse is a major problem in Indonesia, especially in adolescents, overcoming the problem of drug abuse requires the role of parents. This study aims to determine the role of parents in preventing drug abuse for adolescents in the Teladan Village, South Bangka Regency which is studied from 5 indicators of the role of parents, namely the role of parents in educating, supervising, guiding, communicating, and protecting adolescents in drug abuse. This type of research is descriptive research with a qualitative approach. The selection of informants used purposive sampling technique, so that the number of informants in this study was 5 people. The collection technique was obtained from primary data, namely parents in the Teladan Village RW 04 and 05 by interviewing, observing, and documenting. The results of the study indicate that the role of parents in preventing drug abuse is more about religious education, making adolescent social rules, conducting open and closed communication, providing supervision, and protecting adolescents with the use of social media and adolescence. However, in carrying out their roles there are often debates between teenagers, and teenagers are more closed to their parents. This study suggests to always have good communication, provide wise rules and pay attention to the development of adolescents in order to avoid drug abuse.Keywords: Role of Parents, Adolescents, Drug Abuse.
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Kalra, Sanjay. "Developments in Diabetology in 2016." US Endocrinology 12, no. 02 (2016): 78. http://dx.doi.org/10.17925/use.2016.12.02.78.

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Two major trials, LEADER and SUSTAIN 6, published in 2016, reported the cardiovascular and microvascular benefits of liraglutide and semaglutide respectively. This communication describes the results of these trials, and analyses the subtle differences in their outcomes. While semaglutide significantly reduces the risk of non-fatal myocardial infarction (primary prevention), liraglutide reduces the risk of all-cause mortality and cardiovascular mortality (secondary prevention). Both drugs significantly improve renal outcomes, but semaglutide increased the risk of retinal events. The time taken to achieve benefit was much less (4-6 months) with semaglutide than with liraglutide (12–18 months). LEADER and SUSTAIN 6 have made 2016 a landmark year in the history of diabetes care. Their positive results will help promote better, comprehensive diabetes care, using minimal drugs (therapeutic parsimony), encourage use of rational combinations to improve outcomes, and stimulate exaptation of these drugs for non-glycemic purposes.
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Jurgaitienė, Dalia, Apolinaras Zaborskis, and Linas Šumskas. "Prevalence of drug use among students of vocational schools in Klaipėda city, Lithuania, in 2004–2006." Medicina 45, no. 4 (2008): 291. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medicina45040038.

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The aim was to evaluate the prevalence and trends of drug use among students of vocational schools in Klaipėda city and to establish the relationships between psychosocial factors and drug abuse. Participants and methods. Two cross-sectional questionnaire surveys were carried out among first-year students of vocational schools in Klaipėda. Random samples of 912 and 342 students aged 16–19 years (representatives of Western part of Lithuania) were questioned in 2004 and 2006, respectively. Questionnaires were filled out anonymously in the classroom. Questions have covered information on drugs such as marihuana, club drugs, injectable drugs, and other drugs. Logistic regression was used for evaluation of relationship between drug use and different psychosocial and behavioral determinants of drug use. Results. In 2004, 56.0% of male respondents and 42.0% of female respondents have reported any drug use during their life. The analysis of standardized data (by the place of residence) showed an increase in the prevalence of drug use during 2004–2006: up to 65.5% in boys (P<0.05) and up to 44.0% in girls (P>0.05). Percentage of club drug users increased significantly in girls (from 21.5% to 29.8%; P=0.040) and exceeded the level of boys. The average number of drugs of different types used by boys changed slightly from 1.57 to 1.63 (P>0.05), but increased significantly in girls (from 1.49 to 1.88, P<0.001). The use of drugs was related to school location (graduates of Klaipėda schools used drugs more frequently), communication with friends who use drugs, participation in the parties where drugs are used, alcohol use, and smoking. In 2006 survey, more significant relationship between drug use and social and behavioral factors was observed. Conclusion. Several indicators of drug use showed a significant increase in drug abuse among students of vocational schools in Klaipėda during the period of 2004–2006. Multisectorial efforts and integrated preventive measures should be applied for the prevention of epidemics of drug use in Klaipėda city.
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Choi, Hye Jeong, Janice L. Krieger, and Michael L. Hecht. "Reconceptualizing Efficacy in Substance Use Prevention Research: Refusal Response Efficacy and Drug Resistance Self-Efficacy in Adolescent Substance Use." Health Communication 28, no. 1 (2013): 40–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10410236.2012.720245.

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Herrera-Sánchez, Isabel María, Samuel Rueda-Méndez, and Silvia Medina-Anzano. "Storytelling in addiction prevention: A basis for developing effective programs from a systematic review." Human Affairs 29, no. 1 (2019): 32–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/humaff-2019-0004.

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Abstract Drug misuse is a complex social and health problem. People who use drugs have very specific profiles according to their life cycle and sociocultural circumstances. For this reason, contextualized approaches are needed in addiction interventions that take on board the particularities of consumption patterns and their circumstances. The storytelling technique as a narrative communication strategy can serve as the main methodological intervention component that enhances this contextualized approach.
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De Novais, Maykon Anderson Pires, Márcia Mello Costa De Liberal, Paola Zucchi, and Solange Aparecida Nappo. "DIAGNOSIS OF BRAZILIAN SCHOOL TEACHERS ABOUT THE PREVENTION AND USE OF CRACK BY THE NEW COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES." International Journal for Innovation Education and Research 6, no. 3 (2018): 42–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.31686/ijier.vol6.iss3.982.

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This article presents a study on awareness about the use of illicit drugs, more specifically crack, first seen as a health problem, allowing a reflection on the possibilities of improvement in the training process for professionals in the area of education, with emphasis on the public network. Based on the information obtained by the research carried out with a sample of teachers, the massive availability of databases and scientific journals is a salutary alternative to the dissemination of scientific and systematized knowledge. The populations studied are part of a region concentrated around centers of excellence in research and dissemination of information through Information and Communication Technologies as innovative tools at the service of educational institutions in this multidisciplinary initiative. The study leads to a worrying reality, considering the importance of the professionals studied in the prevention and care to the drug user in the figure of the student.
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Brown, William J., and Marcela Alejandra Chaván de Matviuk. "Sports Celebrities and Public Health: Diego Maradona's Influence on Drug Use Prevention." Journal of Health Communication 15, no. 4 (2010): 358–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10810730903460575.

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Hong, Yan, Shannon Gwin Mitchell, James A. Peterson, Carl A. Latkin, Karin Tobin, and Donald Gann. "Ethnographic Process Evaluation: Piloting an HIV Prevention Intervention Program among Injection Drug Users." International Journal of Qualitative Methods 4, no. 1 (2005): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/160940690500400101.

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This study demonstrates an ethnographically critically informed process evaluation of piloting an HIV intervention program targeting injection drug users. The authors used systematic ethnographic methods to identify and evaluate the factors that facilitated or inhibited message diffusion. Findings indicated that communication patterns and strategies advocated in training sessions did not translate immediately into the outreach encounter in the drug use communities. The intervention program was refined and developed based on findings from the ethnographic process evaluation. The authors argue that ethnographic methods provided a dynamic, flexible, and iterative process for evaluating the intervention's development and ensuring its cultural relevance.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Communication in drug use prevention"

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Miller, Eva Mary. "Communicating with elderly mental health clients about medication concordance." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2007. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/3195.

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Roberts, C., A. Caliano, Nicholas E. Hagemeier, et al. "Pharmacists’ Prescription Drug Abuse Prevention Communication Behaviors: Prevalence and Correlates." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2018. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/5428.

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Becker, Kelsi J. "Nonmedical Prescription Drug Use Among High School Students Nationwide: National Survey on Drug Use and Health 2017." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1553250524521989.

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張耀中 and Yiu-chung Edward Cheung. "The effectiveness of prevention intervention for adolescent on drug abuse." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2011. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B47657492.

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Background This paper provides an updated review of the literature on drug prevention programmes (from 2001 to July2011) and reports the findings from these previous studies on the effectiveness and nature of present drug prevention practices. Relevant data on the effectiveness of drug prevention intervention among adolescents has been summarised and examined. In addition, this paper identifies various essential elements that have the potential for creating and providing effective drug prevention strategies, whether to prevent substance misuse or to minimise the harm caused. Different prevention strategies will also be discussed, including: social influence approach, refusal skill training, and motivational interviewing. Design The paper will conduct a review of the previous literature. Aims This literature review proposes to: 1. Review all of the published evidence from research which was conducted between 2001and 2011 on the effectiveness of drug prevention programmes for adolescents. 2. Identify findings and recommendations regarding the content, approaches, format, theoretical bases, and methods associated with an effective drug prevention program. 3. Discuss any potential or proved effective components on a drug prevention program in tackling such drug abuse problems. Methods Two searching engines (i.e. PubMed and Medline) were used to find the relevant papers and journals which have been published within the past ten years (i.e. 2001 to 2011). Studies about the evaluation of the effectiveness of drug education and prevention strategies, targeting the most vulnerable group (i.e. aged between 12 and 25) were included. Results Twenty four studies met the criteria and were reviewed in depth. Thirteen of them evaluated the effectiveness of school-based interventions, including the school-based drug testing program. The remaining papers evaluated the effectiveness of non-school based prevention interventions in different approaches such as social influence, parental cooperation, refusal skills education, and life skills training. Conclusions Social influence approaches were evidenced as the most effective intervention to prevent drug abuse. Interventions that are conducted interactively (e.g. simulated scenario and role-playing) are more effective than providing normative information. Gender differences were found in some of the interventions. However, it is recommended that further research should be conducted to evaluate these results.<br>published_or_final_version<br>Public Health<br>Master<br>Master of Public Health
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Fisher, James, and University of Lethbridge Faculty of Education. "D.A.R.E. (Drug abuse resistance education) : perceptions of teachers, principals, and school resource officers." Thesis, Lethbridge, Alta. : University of Lethbridge, Faculty of Education, 2002, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10133/179.

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This study employs interviews to measure the perceptions of sixteen teachers, nine school principals, and seven School Resource Officers on the Drug Abuse Resistance Education (DARE) program, offered to grade six students in one small (population approximately 70,000) city in western Canada. Perceptions in three areas are examined: curricular content, program delivery, and efficacy. Subjects overwhelming viewed the curricular content favourably. Similarly, there was strong agreement that the program was well delivered. The efficacy of the program was judged less positively; however, this did not mitigate the subjects' strong desire to continue implementation of the program. These results are consistent with the research literature on DARE which documents the popularity of the program, but acknowledges that it appears to have limited effects upon reducing student drug use. The results of this study are used to examine five options for delivering an in-school program for preventing or reducing drug abuse and violence among students. The options explored range from retaining the DARE program in its current form, to eliminating it, reforming it, implementing an alternative program, or designing an entirely new drug and violence prevention program. The conclusion drawn is that the DARE program should be withdrawn and replaced with an entirely new drug and violence prevention program and curriculum specific to community realities and needs.<br>vii, 109 leaves ; 28 cm.
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O'Hagan, Ciaran C. C. "London dance culture scenes : formation, drug use and communication." Thesis, London South Bank University, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.410585.

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McCoy, Jay Russell. "FOLLOW-UP EVALUATION OF A YOUTH SUMMER DAY PROGRAM (DRUG ABUSE PREVENTION)." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/291196.

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Mathis, Stephanie M. "National Prevention Week: A Focus on Prescription Drug Misuse." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2018. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/3199.

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Boucher, Alyssa R. "Classroom Based Substance Use Prevention Programs: A Meta-Analysis." Master's thesis, University of Central Florida, 2012. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/5139.

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This paper reports on a meta-analysis performed on forty one studies evaluating classroom-based substance abuse primary prevention programs. Studies included were delivered in a classroom to the general student body, had a primary focus of substance abuse prevention, measured behavior change, and were published in peer-reviewed outlets between 2000 and 2011. Comprehensive Meta-Analysis was used to calculate a random effects Cohen's d and moderator analyses were conducted. Results indicated a significant effect for alcohol (d=0.10) and tobacco (d=0.09) in multi-target interventions. Specific program components and characteristics associated with more effective prevention programs are discussed. Despite the best efforts of those who develop and deliver intervention programs, as a whole, the impact is smaller than "small." New or evolved programs should seek to incorporate the best predictors of effectiveness thereby improving efficacy.<br>ID: 031001502; System requirements: World Wide Web browser and PDF reader.; Mode of access: World Wide Web.; Advisers: .; Title from PDF title page (viewed July 26, 2013).; Thesis (M.S.)--University of Central Florida, 2012.; Includes bibliographical references (p. 38-47).<br>M.S.<br>Masters<br>Psychology<br>Sciences<br>Clinical Psychology
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Karlsson, Patrik. "Margins of prevention : on older adolescents' positive and negative beliefs about illicit drug use /." Doctoral thesis, Stockholm : Department of Social Work, Stockholm University, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-1351.

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Books on the topic "Communication in drug use prevention"

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Brian, Freeman, ed. Drug proof: A drug use prevention program for middle school. American Guidance Service, 1994.

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Schneider, Joe. Unauthorized communication handbook for AOD coordinators. NWREL, 1991.

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Wegmuller, Yann. Health prevention and cost-effectiveness: Construction of guidelines for conducting economic evaluations of druguse prevention programmes. University College Dublin, 1996.

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Communication and parenting skills for African-American families. Vantage Press, 1998.

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McCaffrey, Barry R. National drug control strategy: Strategic communications : selected writings. Office of National Drug Control Policy, 1999.

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United States. Office of National Drug Control Policy., ed. National drug control strategy: Strategic communications : selected writings. Office of National Drug Control Policy, 1999.

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McCaffrey, Barry R. National drug control strategy: Strategic communications : selected writings. Office of National Drug Control Policy, 1999.

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McCaffrey, Barry R. National drug control strategy: Strategic communications : selected writings: August 1999-September 2000. Office of National Drug Control Policy, 2000.

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United States. Office of National Drug Control Policy, ed. National drug control strategy: Strategic communications : selected writings, August 1999-September 2000. Executive Office of the President of the U.S., Office of National Drug Control Policy, 2000.

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William, Rhodes. Case management reduces drug use and criminality among drug-involved arrestees: An experimental study of an HIV prevention intervention. U.S. Dept. of Justice, Office of Justice Programs, National Institute of Justice, 1997.

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Book chapters on the topic "Communication in drug use prevention"

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Bowser, Benjamin P., Carl O. Word, and Toby Seddon. "Prevention." In Understanding Drug Use and Abuse. Macmillan Education UK, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-137-40212-7_11.

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Lisha, Nadra E., Pallav Pokhrel, and Steve Sussman. "Drug Use Prevention During Childhood." In Encyclopedia of Primary Prevention and Health Promotion. Springer US, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-5999-6_124.

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Robertson, Elizabeth B., Harold I. Perl, Eve E. Reider, et al. "Drug use prevention: Definitions and terminology." In Handbook of adolescent drug use prevention: Research, intervention strategies, and practice. American Psychological Association, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/14550-002.

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Brunswick, Ann F., Peter A. Messeri, and Angela A. Aidala. "Changing Drug Use Patterns and Treatment Behavior." In Drug and Alcohol Abuse Prevention. Humana Press, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-0465-7_11.

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Brook, David W., and Judith S. Brook. "The Etiology and Consequences of Adolescent Drug Use." In Drug and Alcohol Abuse Prevention. Humana Press, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-0465-7_13.

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Earle, Richard M. "Assessment of Prevention Efforts: A Focus on Alcohol-Related Community Damage." In Drug and Alcohol Use. Springer US, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-0888-9_31.

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Donohew, Lewis, David M. Helm, Patricia Lawrence, and Milton J. Shatzer. "Sensation Seeking, Marijuana Use, and Responses to Prevention Messages." In Drug and Alcohol Abuse Prevention. Humana Press, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-0465-7_4.

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Hawks, Rick D. "Alcohol Use Among LDS and Other Groups Teaching Abstinence." In Drug and Alcohol Abuse Prevention. Humana Press, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-0465-7_6.

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Shelton, Deborah. "Drug Use and Violence Prevention in Adolescents." In Encyclopedia of Primary Prevention and Health Promotion. Springer US, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-5999-6_209.

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Weinberg, Thomas S., Gerhard Falk, and Ursula Adler Falk. "Prevention and Treatment of Alcohol and Substance Use Disorders." In The American Drug Culture. SAGE Publications, Inc., 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4135/9781506304656.n15.

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Conference papers on the topic "Communication in drug use prevention"

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Mondul, Alison, Brian Caffo, and Elizabeth Platz. "Abstract A80: Detection bias, statin drug use, and advanced prostate cancer risk." In Abstracts: Frontiers in Cancer Prevention Research 2008. American Association for Cancer Research, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1940-6207.prev-08-a80.

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Abnet, Christian, Neal Freedman, Michael Leitzmann, Albert Hollenbeck, and Arthur Schatzkin. "Abstract A116: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug use and risk of gastric and esophageal adenocarcinoma in a large cohort study." In Abstracts: Frontiers in Cancer Prevention Research 2008. American Association for Cancer Research, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1940-6207.prev-08-a116.

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Kurta, Michelle, and Brenda Diergaarde. "Abstract A95: The impact of fertility drug use, infertility, and lifetime ovulation on ovarian cancer risk." In Abstracts: AACR International Conference on Frontiers in Cancer Prevention Research‐‐ Oct 22-25, 2011; Boston, MA. American Association for Cancer Research, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1940-6207.prev-11-a95.

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Mahesh, V., and Sumithra Devi K.A. "Prevention from Security Risks of Spyware by the use of Ai." In 2019 International Conference on Advanced Technologies in Intelligent Control, Environment, Computing & Communication Engineering (ICATIECE). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icatiece45860.2019.9063838.

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Yockey, Andrew, and Shanna Stryker. "Marijuana Use among Young Adults: Findings from the 2015-2018 National Survey on Drug Use and Health." In 2020 Virtual Scientific Meeting of the Research Society on Marijuana. Research Society on Marijuana, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.26828/cannabis.2021.01.000.1.

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Marijuana is the most commonly used drug for young adults. A greater understanding of risk factors associated with recent use can inform health prevention messaging. Pooled data from the 2015-2018 National Survey on Drug Use and Health were utilized among 89,446 individuals ages 18-34. Weighted logistic regression analyses, controlling for covariates, were utilized to determine conditional associations to past-30-day use. A sizeable percentage (18.5%) of individuals reported smoking marijuana in the past 30 days. Individuals who identify as African American or Multi-Racial, Gay/Lesbian, Bisexual, reported their health as poor, not covered by health insurance, reported prior drug use, or who had reported any thoughts/plans of suicide were at risk for use. Of concern, high rates of alcohol (14.7%) and cocaine (1.50%) were found among users. We believe our findings can inform harm reduction efforts and policy creation.
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Koutkias, Vassilis, Vassilis Kilintzis, Nikolaos Beredimas, and Nicos Maglaveras. "Leveraging Medication Safety through Mobile Computing: Decision Support and Guidance Services for Adverse Drug Event Prevention." In 4th International Conference on Wireless Mobile Communication and Healthcare - "Transforming healthcare through innovations in mobile and wireless technologies". ICST, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.4108/icst.mobihealth.2014.257531.

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Myers, M., V. Lyons, M. Walton, J. Heinze, R. Cunningham, and J. Goldstick. "0050 Descriptive network analysis of co-occurring drug use disorders and associated predictors among adolescents and emerging adults presenting to an urban emergency department." In Injury and Violence Prevention for a Changing World: From Local to Global: SAVIR 2021 Conference Abstracts. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/injuryprev-2021-savir.31.

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Chattopadhyay, Nabhoneil, Souvik Bhattacharya, Rahul Ghosh, and Abhillash Paal. "Data Intrusion Detection with basic Python coding and prevention of other intrusive manifestation by the use of intrusion application." In 2018 IEEE 9th Annual Information Technology, Electronics and Mobile Communication Conference (IEMCON). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iemcon.2018.8614842.

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Kontos, Emily Z. "Abstract ED05-03: Social media use, communication inequalities, and public health: Where we are and where we need to go." In Abstracts: AACR International Conference on Frontiers in Cancer Prevention Research‐‐ Oct 22-25, 2011; Boston, MA. American Association for Cancer Research, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1940-6207.prev-11-ed05-03.

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Čurová, Viera, Oľga Orosová, Lenka Abrinková, and Marcela Štefaňáková. "EFFECTIVENESS OF THE PROGRAMS UNPLUGGED AND UNPLUGGED 2 ON ALCOHOL USE AND SMOKING AMONG SCHOOLCHILDREN." In International Psychological Applications Conference and Trends. inScience Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36315/2021inpact092.

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"Objectives: The aim of the study is to examine the long-term effectiveness of the school-based drug prevention programs Unplugged and Unplugged2 using a Solomon design and supplemented with n-Prevention booster sessions on the cumulative index (CI) of reported alcohol use (AU) and smoking. Methods: In 2013/2014, Unplugged was implemented during 12 consecutive weeks in Slovak primary schools. A sample of 744(M=12.5; 58.72%girls) was collected before program implementation(T1) and 12months later(T3). In 2017/2018, Unplugged2 was implemented by each school over 6months. A sample of 408(M=14.48; 51.96%girls) was collected before program implementation (T1), immediately after implementation(T2) and 12months later(T3). Participation in Unplugged was divided into control and experimental groups and Unplugged2 into control, experimental and experimental groups with n-Prevention, a pre-test and post-test or with post-test only. CI in the past 30 days was dichotomized (0-not used,1-AU, smoking or both). Binary logistic regressions were used to analyze the data at every measurement point. The moderation effect of gender was examined. The CI at T1 in Unplugged and Unplugged2 with a pre-test and post-test, and CI at T2 in Unplugged2 with a post-test were used as the control variables. Results: There was no significant effect of Unplugged and Unplugged2 with the pre-test and post-test. Unplugged2 with a post-test was significantly associated with CI at T3. The experimental group with n- Prevention was less likely to use alcohol and/or smoke. There was no significant effect or moderation effect of gender. Conclusions: The results show the long-term effectiveness of a preventive program is more pronounced with booster sessions, specifically with the post-test design."
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Reports on the topic "Communication in drug use prevention"

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Stall, Nathan M., Kevin A. Brown, Antonina Maltsev, et al. COVID-19 and Ontario’s Long-Term Care Homes. Ontario COVID-19 Science Advisory Table, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.47326/ocsat.2021.02.07.1.0.

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Key Message Ontario long-term care (LTC) home residents have experienced disproportionately high morbidity and mortality, both from COVID-19 and from the conditions associated with the COVID-19 pandemic. There are several measures that could be effective in preventing COVID-19 outbreaks, hospitalizations, and deaths in Ontario’s LTC homes, if implemented. First, temporary staffing could be minimized by improving staff working conditions. Second, homes could be further decrowded by a continued disallowance of three- and four-resident rooms and additional temporary housing for the most crowded homes. Third, the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection in staff could be minimized by approaches that reduce the risk of transmission in communities with a high burden of COVID-19. Summary Background The Province of Ontario has 626 licensed LTC homes and 77,257 long-stay beds; 58% of homes are privately owned, 24% are non-profit/charitable, 16% are municipal. LTC homes were strongly affected during Ontario’s first and second waves of the COVID-19 pandemic. Questions What do we know about the first and second waves of COVID-19 in Ontario LTC homes? Which risk factors are associated with COVID-19 outbreaks in Ontario LTC homes and the extent and death rates associated with outbreaks? What has been the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the general health and wellbeing of LTC residents? How has the existing Ontario evidence on COVID-19 in LTC settings been used to support public health interventions and policy changes in these settings? What are the further measures that could be effective in preventing COVID-19 outbreaks, hospitalizations, and deaths in Ontario’s LTC homes? Findings As of January 14, 2021, a total of 3,211 Ontario LTC home residents have died of COVID-19, totaling 60.7% of all 5,289 COVID-19 deaths in Ontario to date. There have now been more cumulative LTC home outbreaks during the second wave as compared with the first wave. The infection and death rates among LTC residents have been lower during the second wave, as compared with the first wave, and a greater number of LTC outbreaks have involved only staff infections. The growth rate of SARS-CoV-2 infections among LTC residents was slower during the first two months of the second wave in September and October 2020, as compared with the first wave. However, the growth rate after the two-month mark is comparatively faster during the second wave. The majority of second wave infections and deaths in LTC homes have occurred between December 1, 2020, and January 14, 2021 (most recent date of data extraction prior to publication). This highlights the recent intensification of the COVID-19 pandemic in LTC homes that has mirrored the recent increase in community transmission of SARS-CoV-2 across Ontario. Evidence from Ontario demonstrates that the risk factors for SARS-CoV-2 outbreaks and subsequent deaths in LTC are distinct from the risk factors for outbreaks and deaths in the community (Figure 1). The most important risk factors for whether a LTC home will experience an outbreak is the daily incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infections in the communities surrounding the home and the occurrence of staff infections. The most important risk factors for the magnitude of an outbreak and the number of resulting resident deaths are older design, chain ownership, and crowding. Figure 1. Anatomy of Outbreaks and Spread of COVID-19 in LTC Homes and Among Residents Figure from Peter Hamilton, personal communication. Many Ontario LTC home residents have experienced severe and potentially irreversible physical, cognitive, psychological, and functional declines as a result of precautionary public health interventions imposed on homes, such as limiting access to general visitors and essential caregivers, resident absences, and group activities. There has also been an increase in the prescribing of psychoactive drugs to Ontario LTC residents. The accumulating evidence on COVID-19 in Ontario’s LTC homes has been leveraged in several ways to support public health interventions and policy during the pandemic. Ontario evidence showed that SARS-CoV-2 infections among LTC staff was associated with subsequent COVID-19 deaths among LTC residents, which motivated a public order to restrict LTC staff from working in more than one LTC home in the first wave. Emerging Ontario evidence on risk factors for LTC home outbreaks and deaths has been incorporated into provincial pandemic surveillance tools. Public health directives now attempt to limit crowding in LTC homes by restricting occupancy to two residents per room. The LTC visitor policy was also revised to designate a maximum of two essential caregivers who can visit residents without time limits, including when a home is experiencing an outbreak. Several further measures could be effective in preventing COVID-19 outbreaks, hospitalizations, and deaths in Ontario’s LTC homes. First, temporary staffing could be minimized by improving staff working conditions. Second, the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection in staff could be minimized by measures that reduce the risk of transmission in communities with a high burden of COVID-19. Third, LTC homes could be further decrowded by a continued disallowance of three- and four-resident rooms and additional temporary housing for the most crowded homes. Other important issues include improved prevention and detection of SARS-CoV-2 infection in LTC staff, enhanced infection prevention and control (IPAC) capacity within the LTC homes, a more balanced and nuanced approach to public health measures and IPAC strategies in LTC homes, strategies to promote vaccine acceptance amongst residents and staff, and further improving data collection on LTC homes, residents, staff, visitors and essential caregivers for the duration of the COVID-19 pandemic. Interpretation Comparisons of the first and second waves of the COVID-19 pandemic in the LTC setting reveal improvement in some but not all epidemiological indicators. Despite this, the second wave is now intensifying within LTC homes and without action we will likely experience a substantial additional loss of life before the widespread administration and time-dependent maximal effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines. The predictors of outbreaks, the spread of infection, and deaths in Ontario’s LTC homes are well documented and have remained unchanged between the first and the second wave. Some of the evidence on COVID-19 in Ontario’s LTC homes has been effectively leveraged to support public health interventions and policies. Several further measures, if implemented, have the potential to prevent additional LTC home COVID-19 outbreaks and deaths.
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2

Treadwell, Jonathan R., James T. Reston, Benjamin Rouse, Joann Fontanarosa, Neha Patel, and Nikhil K. Mull. Automated-Entry Patient-Generated Health Data for Chronic Conditions: The Evidence on Health Outcomes. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.23970/ahrqepctb38.

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Background. Automated-entry consumer devices that collect and transmit patient-generated health data (PGHD) are being evaluated as potential tools to aid in the management of chronic diseases. The need exists to evaluate the evidence regarding consumer PGHD technologies, particularly for devices that have not gone through Food and Drug Administration evaluation. Purpose. To summarize the research related to automated-entry consumer health technologies that provide PGHD for the prevention or management of 11 chronic diseases. Methods. The project scope was determined through discussions with Key Informants. We searched MEDLINE and EMBASE (via EMBASE.com), In-Process MEDLINE and PubMed unique content (via PubMed.gov), and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews for systematic reviews or controlled trials. We also searched ClinicalTrials.gov for ongoing studies. We assessed risk of bias and extracted data on health outcomes, surrogate outcomes, usability, sustainability, cost-effectiveness outcomes (quantifying the tradeoffs between health effects and cost), process outcomes, and other characteristics related to PGHD technologies. For isolated effects on health outcomes, we classified the results in one of four categories: (1) likely no effect, (2) unclear, (3) possible positive effect, or (4) likely positive effect. When we categorized the data as “unclear” based solely on health outcomes, we then examined and classified surrogate outcomes for that particular clinical condition. Findings. We identified 114 unique studies that met inclusion criteria. The largest number of studies addressed patients with hypertension (51 studies) and obesity (43 studies). Eighty-four trials used a single PGHD device, 23 used 2 PGHD devices, and the other 7 used 3 or more PGHD devices. Pedometers, blood pressure (BP) monitors, and scales were commonly used in the same studies. Overall, we found a “possible positive effect” of PGHD interventions on health outcomes for coronary artery disease, heart failure, and asthma. For obesity, we rated the health outcomes as unclear, and the surrogate outcomes (body mass index/weight) as likely no effect. For hypertension, we rated the health outcomes as unclear, and the surrogate outcomes (systolic BP/diastolic BP) as possible positive effect. For cardiac arrhythmias or conduction abnormalities we rated the health outcomes as unclear and the surrogate outcome (time to arrhythmia detection) as likely positive effect. The findings were “unclear” regarding PGHD interventions for diabetes prevention, sleep apnea, stroke, Parkinson’s disease, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Most studies did not report harms related to PGHD interventions; the relatively few harms reported were minor and transient, with event rates usually comparable to harms in the control groups. Few studies reported cost-effectiveness analyses, and only for PGHD interventions for hypertension, coronary artery disease, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; the findings were variable across different chronic conditions and devices. Patient adherence to PGHD interventions was highly variable across studies, but patient acceptance/satisfaction and usability was generally fair to good. However, device engineers independently evaluated consumer wearable and handheld BP monitors and considered the user experience to be poor, while their assessment of smartphone-based electrocardiogram monitors found the user experience to be good. Student volunteers involved in device usability testing of the Weight Watchers Online app found it well-designed and relatively easy to use. Implications. Multiple randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have evaluated some PGHD technologies (e.g., pedometers, scales, BP monitors), particularly for obesity and hypertension, but health outcomes were generally underreported. We found evidence suggesting a possible positive effect of PGHD interventions on health outcomes for four chronic conditions. Lack of reporting of health outcomes and insufficient statistical power to assess these outcomes were the main reasons for “unclear” ratings. The majority of studies on PGHD technologies still focus on non-health-related outcomes. Future RCTs should focus on measurement of health outcomes. Furthermore, future RCTs should be designed to isolate the effect of the PGHD intervention from other components in a multicomponent intervention.
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