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Knott, Katherine B., and Elizabeth J. Natalle. "Sex Differences, Organizational Level, and Superiors' Evaluation of Managerial Leadership." Management Communication Quarterly 10, no. 4 (1997): 523–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0893318997104005.
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Berney-Reddish, Ilona A., and Charles S. Areni. "Sex Differences in Responses to Probability Markers in Advertising Claims." Journal of Advertising 35, no. 2 (2006): 7–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00913367.2006.10639228.
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Vaccaro, Joan A., and Fatma G. Huffman. "Sex and Race/Ethnicity Differences in Following Dietary and Exercise Recommendations for U.S. Representative Sample of Adults With Type 2 Diabetes." American Journal of Men's Health 11, no. 2 (2016): 380–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1557988316681126.
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This study examined sex by race/ethnicity differences in medical advice received for diet and exercise with corresponding health behaviors of a U.S. representative sample of adults with type 2 diabetes ( N = 1,269). Data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys for 2011-2014 for 185 Mexican Americans, 123 Other Hispanics, 392 non-Hispanic Blacks, 140 non-Hispanic Asians, and 429 non-Hispanic Whites were analyzed using logistic regression analyses. Reporting being given dietary and exercise advice was positively associated with reporting following the behavior. There were differences in sex and sex by race/ethnicity for reporting receiving medical advice and performing the advised health behavior. These results suggest the importance of physicians having patient-centered communication skills and cultural competency when discussing diabetes management.
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Jones, Kenneth. "Are rap videos more violent? Style differences and the prevalence of sex and violence in the age of MTV." Howard Journal of Communications 8, no. 4 (1997): 343–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10646179709361765.
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Kranenburg, Laura J. C., Sam T. H. Reerds, Martine Cools, et al. "Global Application of the Assessment of Communication Skills of Paediatric Endocrinology Fellows in the Management of Differences in Sex Development Using the ESPE E-Learning.Org Portal." Hormone Research in Paediatrics 88, no. 2 (2017): 127–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000475992.
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Background: Information sharing in chronic conditions such as disorders of/differences in sex development (DSD) is essential for a comprehensive understanding by parents and patients. We report on a qualitative analysis of communication skills of fellows undergoing training in paediatric endocrinology. Guidelines are created for the assessment of communication between health professionals and individuals with DSD and their parents. Methods: Paediatric endocrinology fellows worldwide were invited to study two interactive online cases (www.espe-elearning.org) and to describe a best practice communication with (i) the parents of a newborn with congenital adrenal hyperplasia and (ii) a young woman with 46,XY gonadal dysgenesis. The replies were analysed regarding completeness, quality, and evidence of empathy. Guidelines for structured assessment of responses were developed by 22 senior paediatric endocrinologists worldwide who assessed 10 selected replies. Consensus of assessors was established and the evaluation guidelines were created. Results: The replies of the fellows showed considerable variation in completeness, quality of wording, and evidence of empathy. Many relevant aspects of competent clinical communication were not mentioned; 15% (case 1) and 17% (case 2) of the replies were considered poor/insufficient. There was also marked variation between 17 senior experts in the application of the guidelines to assess communication skills. The guidelines were then adjusted to a 3-level assessment with empathy as a separate key item to better reflect the qualitative differences in the replies and for simplicity of use by evaluators. Conclusions: E-learning can play an important role in assessing communication skills. A practical tool is provided to assess how information is shared with patients with DSD and their families and should be refined by all stakeholders, notably interdisciplinary health professionals and patient representatives.
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Morgan-Hughes, Gareth, Michelle Claire Williams, Margaret Loudon, et al. "Sex-based inequalities in contemporary UK hospital management of stable chest pain." Open Heart 8, no. 1 (2021): e001672. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/openhrt-2021-001672.
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ObjectiveWe surveyed UK practice of National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) “Recent onset chest pain” guidance (CG95, 2016), stratified by sex. We looked for sex-related differences in referral to computed tomographic coronary angiography (CTCA) and subsequent functional imaging (FI), invasive coronary angiography (ICA) and revascularisation.MethodsThis was a prospective analysis of CTCA practice in 8 UK centres between 2018 and 2020. Coronary artery disease (CAD) was recorded with the CAD-reporting and data system. Local electronic records/archiving/communication systems were used to collect data regarding subsequent FI, ICA and revascularisation.Results2301 women, 2326 men underwent CTCA; women were older (58±11 vs 55±12 years, p<0.001) but more likely to have normal coronary arteries (46% (1047) vs 29% (685); p<0.001) and less likely to have severe stenosis (7% (169) vs 13% (307); p<0.001). FI was used less for 4% (93) women, 5% (108) men; ICA was also used less for women (8% (182) vs 14% (321)), as was revascularisation (4% (83) vs 8% (177), p<0.001 for all), including those with ≥moderate CTCA stenosis undergoing ICA (53% (79) vs 61% (166); p<0.001).ConclusionsWomen referred for a NICE CG95 (2016) CTCA are more likely to have normal coronary arteries and men more likely to have CAD. More men than women will then undergo ICA and revascularisation even after adjustments for CTCA disease severity. Raised awareness of these inequalities may improve contemporary chest pain care.
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Strandberg, Julia Matilda, and Orla Vigsø. "Internal crisis communication." Corporate Communications: An International Journal 21, no. 1 (2016): 89–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ccij-11-2014-0083.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to contribute to the study of internal crisis communication, not only the communication from the management to the employees, but also the employees’ communication with each other, in order to highlight the role of communication in the employees’ sensemaking during a crisis situation. Design/methodology/approach – The study was conducted as interviews with both managers and employees at a municipality in the Stockholm region, where a former employee had just been accused of embezzling approx. 25 million SEK. The interviews were analysed with particular interest to descriptions of how information was communicated, and how the sensemaking process developed. Findings – The crisis communication was successful when it came to informing external stakeholders and media. But the management and the employees had different views on the communication. The employees felt that management did not present all the information they needed, which made their sensemaking based on assumptions and rumours, and on the culture in the unit. Management interpreted that the crisis was not due to a culture problem, while the employees felt that there was a shared responsibility. Blaming the former employee was perceived as a way of dodging the cultural problems. Practical implications – Conclusions can be generalized into three points: first, differences between external and internal crisis communication need to be taken into account. Second, a crisis can strengthen existing patterns within a dysfunctional culture. Third, do not use single employees as scapegoats, putting all blame on them. Originality/value – The study shows the significance of culture and rumour as components of sensemaking in a crisis situation. The results should be applicable to most kinds of organizations, commercial or not.
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Zoratti, Michael J., Kathryn Fisher, Dawn Guthrie, and Lauren E. Griffith. "A Profile of Older Adults With a History of Stroke Receiving Home Care in Ontario, Canada." Home Health Care Management & Practice 31, no. 3 (2019): 162–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1084822318823731.
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The demand for home care services is increasing, yet the literature describing the clinical characteristics of community-dwelling individuals with a history of stroke who receive home care is limited. In this retrospective, cross-sectional, population-level study, data were sourced from home care recipients aged 65+ who had a routine assessment using the Resident Assessment Instrument for Home Care (RAI-HC) in Ontario between January 2007 and December 2011. The RAI-HC contains several health status indicators and validated health index scales. The association of a history of stroke on health status was assessed through a series of logistic regression models, adjusted for age, sex, and number of comorbidities. Sex differences were also explored. A change in odds of ≥25% was considered to indicate a clinically important finding. From the home care data ( N = 319,694), 56,909 individuals had a stroke diagnosis, with approximately 86% diagnosed with ≥3 chronic conditions. A stroke diagnosis was associated with a higher risk of limitations or impairments with communication, locomotion, continence, activities of daily living, and cognitive performance. A clinically meaningful difference was not observed for symptoms of depression. Few sex differences were observed. In an effort to support the development of effective home and community-based care programs, research is needed to understand differences in community-dwelling versus institutional populations. Community-dwelling individuals with a history of stroke show higher levels of impairment and limitations compared with those without, suggesting areas where home care resources could be improved to help manage the chronic effects of stroke.
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Cheon, Jongpil, Sungwon Shin, and Steven M. Crooks. "Design and Implementation of the Sex and Gender Specific Health Multimedia Case-Based Learning Modules." International Journal of Designs for Learning 10, no. 1 (2019): 166–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.14434/ijdl.v10i1.25706.
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This case presents the design and implementation process of multimedia case-based learning modules for a Sex and Gender Specific Health (SGSH) education curriculum. The learning modules were designed to advance understanding of sex and gender differences, increase awareness of gender-specific health issues, and improve clinical knowledge of sex and gender evidence-based medicine. This paper describes the three phases of the project. In the first phase of planning, five diseases actively examined in the medical field were chosen to address sex and gender differences, and the instructional development team specifically adapted a case-based learning framework to provide more authentic and interprofessional learning op-portunities for health science trainees. In the second phase, learning modules were structured with multiple revisions incorporating multimedia case-based learning strategies, such as case movie trailers, expert guides, and case solutions. In the third phase, a number of decisions regarding module interface, case videos, and server management were made. Throughout the phases, the instructional designers resolved a number of issues, such as communication with subject matter experts (SMEs), consistency of learning materials, copyright, case movie production tool, closed captioning, server configuration, and dissemination. The design process and challenges described in this paper would be useful for others developing similar instructional materials in a healthcare environment.
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Guo, Jiansheng. "When do Chinese girls order boys around?" Journal of Asian Pacific Communication 12, no. 2 (2002): 185–216. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/japc.12.2.02guo.
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The study examines gender differences in communicative strategies of Mandarin-speaking children in Beijing, China. Five-year-olds naturalistic discourse shows that both girls and boys can be bossy and demanding on the one hand, and submissive and tolerant for impositions and chastisement on the other, depending on contexts. Girls are impositive and chastising in the social/moral domain, where boys are most tolerant of and submissive to imposition. In contrast, boys are most impositive and chastising in the technical/problem-solving domain, where girls are most tolerant of imposition and admissive of inferiority. These gender differences make mixed-sex group interactions appear smooth and uneventful, and make same-sex group interactions appear competitive and problematic. These results call for a theoretical shift from an Essentialist universal perspective to a more culturally-sensitive, local and contextualized approach in research on gender and language communication, short of falling into a completely relativist Postmodern approach.
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Wilhelm, Dagmar, Stephen Palmer, and Peter Koopman. "Sex Determination and Gonadal Development in Mammals." Physiological Reviews 87, no. 1 (2007): 1–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/physrev.00009.2006.
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Arguably the most defining moment in our lives is fertilization, the point at which we inherit either an X or a Y chromosome from our father. The profoundly different journeys of male and female life are thus decided by a genetic coin toss. These differences begin to unfold during fetal development, when the Y-chromosomal Sry (“sex-determining region Y”) gene is activated in males and acts as a switch that diverts the fate of the undifferentiated gonadal primordia, the genital ridges, towards testis development. This sex-determining event sets in train a cascade of morphological changes, gene regulation, and molecular interactions that directs the differentiation of male characteristics. If this does not occur, alternative molecular cascades and cellular events drive the genital ridges toward ovary development. Once testis or ovary differentiation has occurred, our sexual fate is further sealed through the action of sex-specific gonadal hormones. We review here the molecular and cellular events (differentiation, migration, proliferation, and communication) that distinguish testis and ovary during fetal development, and the changes in gene regulation that underpin these two alternate pathways. The growing body of knowledge relating to testis development, and the beginnings of a picture of ovary development, together illustrate the complex mechanisms by which these organ systems develop, inform the etiology, diagnosis, and management of disorders of sexual development, and help define what it is to be male or female.
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Roberts, Lisa C., Christopher T. Whittle, Jennifer Cleland, and Mike Wald. "Measuring Verbal Communication in Initial Physical Therapy Encounters." Physical Therapy 93, no. 4 (2013): 479–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.2522/ptj.20120089.
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Background Communication in clinical encounters is vital in ensuring a positive experience and outcome for both patient and clinician. Objective The purpose of this study was to measure verbal communication between physical therapists and patients with back pain during their initial consultation and trial management of the data using a novel, Web-based application. Design A cross-sectional study was conducted. Methods Nine musculoskeletal physical therapists and 27 patients with back pain participated in this study. Twenty-five initial consultations were observed, audio recorded, and categorized using the Medical Communications Behavior System. Data were managed using Synote, a freely available application enabling synchronization of audio recordings with transcripts and coded notes. Results In this sample, physical therapists spoke for 49.5% of the encounter and patients for 33.1%. Providers and patients spent little time overtly discussing emotions (1.4% and 0.9%, respectively). More-experienced clinicians used more “history/background probes,” more “advice/suggestion,” and less “restatement” than less-experienced staff, although they demonstrated a greater prevalence of talking concurrently and interrupting patients (7.6% compared with 2.6%). Limitations Although studies measuring actual behavior are considered to be the gold standard, audio recordings do not enable nonverbal behaviors to be recorded. Conclusion This study investigated a method for measuring the verbal content of clinical encounters in a physical therapy outpatient setting. The study has directly contributed to developing a research-friendly version of the application (ie, Synote Researcher). Given the pivotal role of communication in ensuring a positive experience and outcome for both patient and provider, investing time in further developing communication skills should be an on-going priority for providers. Further work is needed to explore affective behaviors and the prevalence of interrupting patients, considering differences in sex and provider experience.
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Suham-Abid, Dalia, and Natalia Vila-Lopez. "Airline service quality and visual communication." TQM Journal 32, no. 1 (2019): 183–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/tqm-04-2019-0105.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to analyze differences in airlines service quality perceptions (service content) and visual communication styles (service form) between passengers from a high-context (HC) culture (Iraq) and from a low-context (LC) one (Germany). The theoretical support is based on Hall’s (1976) theory about cultural influences on consumers’ perceptions and on ethnocentric influences. Design/methodology/approach In this study, the authors compared two groups of passengers from two countries ‒ Iraq (a high-context culture) and Germany (low-context culture) – that gave their opinions about two different airlines (Iraqi Airlines and Lufthansa). In total, 400 personal evaluations were obtained (100 for each company in each country). Findings The results have demonstrated that, first, regarding service quality perceptions, both groups of passengers differ, not due to the cultural context, but due to the ethnocentristic feeling, that is service quality values are higher when the domestic company is evaluated in both countries. Second, regarding visual identity perceptions, the cultural context explains perception differences, because the Germans evaluations are higher for both, the foreign company and the domestic one. Originality/value First, the authors have measured in the same study whether people from an LC culture differ from people from a HC culture with respect to how they perceive both the content of the service (the perception of service quality) and the form of the service (the perception of visual identity). In other words, the authors have compared not just the way a company delivers its services, but also how the company is visually presented. Second, the authors have studied a country that has seldom been analyzed from a marketing perspective, Iraq. Third, the authors have compared not just two cultures, but also two companies (a domestic one and a foreign one), in order to see if consumers tend to have more positive perceptions of a local company, regardless of the culture to which they belong. If this point is demonstrated, then some more implications related to ethnocentrism will be added for a better understanding of how to proceed in the international arena.
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Nasser, Suzanne A., Elham A. Afify, Firas Kobeissy, Bassam Hamam, Ali H. Eid, and Mahmoud M. El-Mas. "Inflammatory Basis of Atherosclerosis: Modulation by Sex Hormones." Current Pharmaceutical Design 27, no. 18 (2021): 2099–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1381612827666210122142811.
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Atherosclerosis-related cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of death globally. Several lines of evidence are supportive of the contributory role of vascular inflammation in atherosclerosis. Diverse immune cell types, including monocytes/macrophages, T-cells and neutrophils, as well as specialized proresolving lipid mediators, have been successfully characterized as key players in vascular inflammation. The increased prevalence of atherosclerotic CVD in men in comparison to age-matched premenopausal women and the abolition of sex differences in prevalence during menopause strongly suggest a pivotal role of sex hormones in the development of CVD. Indeed, many animal and human studies conclusively implicate sex hormones as a crucial component in driving the immune response. This is further corroborated by the effective identification of sex hormone receptors in vascular endothelial cells, vascular smooth muscle cells and immune cells. Collectively, these findings suggest a cellular communication between sex hormones and vascular or immune cells underlying the vascular inflammation in atherosclerosis. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of vascular inflammation as a causal cue underlying atherosclerotic CVDs within the context of the modulatory effects of sex hormones. Moreover, the cellular and molecular signaling pathways underlying the sex hormones- immune system interactions as potential culprits for vascular inflammation are highlighted with detailed and critical discussion. Finally, the review concludes by speculations on the potential sex-related efficacy of currently available immunotherapies in mitigating vascular inflammation. Conceivably, a deeper understanding of the immunoregulatory influence of sex hormones on vascular inflammation-mediated atherosclerosis permits sex-based management of atherosclerosis-related CVDs.
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Blankenship, Justin C., and Daniel Riffe. "In Step at the Top? Optimism, Efficacy, and Orientation Among Local Television News Managers." Electronic News 13, no. 4 (2019): 196–213. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1931243119883845.
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A quantitative survey of local television news directors in the United States ( N = 159) explored three main topics: the perception/attitudes of current local TV news directors, potential differences in those attitudes by market size, and whether news directors felt “in step” with their staff and/or upper management. The results indicated that the majority of news directors are still White, male, and middle-aged. News directors see a strong connection between news product quality and resources devoted to news. News directors were also, overall, pessimistic about the future of the TV news industry. Analysis indicated that there were few differences among the news directors working in large, medium, and small markets. Further, news directors reported being somewhat “out-of-step” with their staff and management regarding profit and market orientation.
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Harris, Andrew J., Jill S. Levenson, Christopher Lobanov-Rostovsky, and Scott M. Walfield. "Law Enforcement Perspectives on Sex Offender Registration and Notification: Effectiveness, Challenges, and Policy Priorities." Criminal Justice Policy Review 29, no. 4 (2016): 391–420. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0887403416651671.
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Since the 1990s, sex offender registration and notification (SORN) has assumed a prominent place on state and federal crime control agendas in the United States. Although researchers have examined many aspects of SORN policies and systems, relatively little is known about how SORN is used, perceived, and experienced by law enforcement professionals in the context of their work. This article presents findings from a mixed-method study, consisting of face-to-face interviews and a national online survey of police and sheriff agencies. We examined law enforcement views on SORN’s general functions and efficacy, barriers to SORN effectiveness, and recommendations for SORN-related policy. Results highlight the challenges associated with SORN’s various functions as a law enforcement information tool, as an offender monitoring mechanism, and as a conduit of public information. They also indicate differences between the perspectives of agency leadership and those on the front lines of registry enforcement and management, as well as a range of concerns associated with the reliability and utility of registry information, inter-system communication, registrant homelessness and transience, and the public’s capacity to understand registry information. Implications for policy reform and for SORN-related research are discussed.
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Bever, Yolande van, Hennie T. Brüggenwirth, Katja P. Wolffenbuttel, et al. "Under-reported aspects of diagnosis and treatment addressed in the Dutch-Flemish guideline for comprehensive diagnostics in disorders/differences of sex development." Journal of Medical Genetics 57, no. 9 (2020): 581–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jmedgenet-2019-106354.
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We present key points from the updated Dutch-Flemish guideline on comprehensive diagnostics in disorders/differences of sex development (DSD) that have not been widely addressed in the current (inter)national literature. These points are of interest to physicians working in DSD (expert) centres and to professionals who come across persons with a DSD but have no (or limited) experience in this area. The Dutch-Flemish guideline is based on internationally accepted principles. Recent initiatives striving for uniform high-quality care across Europe, and beyond, such as the completed COST action 1303 and the European Reference Network for rare endocrine conditions (EndoERN), have generated several excellent papers covering nearly all aspects of DSD. The Dutch-Flemish guideline follows these international consensus papers and covers a number of other topics relevant to daily practice. For instance, although next-generation sequencing (NGS)-based molecular diagnostics are becoming the gold standard for genetic evaluation, it can be difficult to prove variant causality or relate the genotype to the clinical presentation. Network formation and centralisation are essential to promote functional studies that assess the effects of genetic variants and to the correct histological assessment of gonadal material from DSD patients, as well as allowing for maximisation of expertise and possible cost reductions. The Dutch-Flemish guidelines uniquely address three aspects of DSD. First, we propose an algorithm for counselling and diagnostic evaluation when a DSD is suspected prenatally, a clinical situation that is becoming more common. Referral to ultrasound sonographers and obstetricians who are part of a DSD team is increasingly important here. Second, we pay special attention to healthcare professionals not working within a DSD centre as they are often the first to diagnose or suspect a DSD, but are not regularly exposed to DSDs and may have limited experience. Their thoughtful communication to patients, carers and colleagues, and the accessibility of protocols for first-line management and efficient referral are essential. Careful communication in the prenatal to neonatal period and the adolescent to adult transition are equally important and relatively under-reported in the literature. Third, we discuss the timing of (NGS-based) molecular diagnostics in the initial workup of new patients and in people with a diagnosis made solely on clinical grounds or those who had earlier genetic testing that is not compatible with current state-of-the-art diagnostics.
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Sramova, Blandina, and Jiri Pavelka. "Gender differences and wellbeing values in adolescent online shopping." International Journal of Retail & Distribution Management 47, no. 6 (2019): 623–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijrdm-08-2017-0173.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to determine the gender differentiation of adolescents in their online shopping motivation based on utilitarian and hedonic values as an expression of well-being. It is necessary to find out whether and to what extent utilitarian and hedonic values act as motivations in online shopping. The aim was to find whether boys and girls differ in their average individual values representing motivators in a specific, individual online shopping behavior, while assuming that a higher frequency of occurrence of the value areas represents a higher level of well-being. Design/methodology/approach The research focused on finding if individual motivational areas of online shopping, in which utilitarian and hedonic values are applied, are differently represented by Slovak boys and girls. The research sample comprised of the Slovak adolescents (n=420, AM age=16.75). A modified questionnaire investigated the motivation for online shopping. Findings Research findings pointed to a higher degree of well-being in adolescents’ online shopping motivational structures based on utilitarian and hedonic motivations. The research study indicated different motivational structure based on utilitarian and hedonic values which are associated with online shopping behavior of the adolescents in relation to their gender. The outcomes showed that there was a larger representation of the utilitarian values related to online shopping by adolescent boys. The adolescent boys more often appreciated choice, availability of information, lack of sociality and cost savings. Adolescent boys and girls had equal hedonistic value motivations. Practical implications At the time of the digital marketing boom, the knowledge of adolescents’ behavior in the online shopping environment is important for marketing communication. Adolescents will represent a strong segment of buyers in the digital market in the near future. Thus, aiming for the improvement in well-being by respecting the gender differentiation, retailers could create a more effective marketing communication design that would be targeted at the current Generation Z. The findings are important for the preparation and creation of the design of the online-activities marketing in individual cultural regions. Originality/value There is a notable absence in the monitoring of the well-being values in adolescent online shopping in Europe, especially in the post-communist EU countries. The Slovak Republic is one of the dynamically developing post-communist countries of the EU. Its position in the OECD which measures subjective well-being is very low. The research can become a starting point for forming the theory of online shopping behavior, assuming gender unification in the areas of hedonic values and motivations not only for the Generation Z but for all online shopping consumers in the second decade of the twenty-first century. The presented research is thus practical in order to adequately set up the online communication and the research use of a diagnostic tool in the European space. The authors see the research as a pilot study, which gives the opportunity for subsequent intercultural comparison. Knowledge of gender differences and indicators of well-being tendencies in the motivational structure of adolescents may be applicable for supporting and regulating the online shopping behavior of adolescents, as well as for the explanation and theoretical modeling of this behavior.
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Sun, Siwei, Chang Xiong, and Victor Chang. "Acceptance of Information and Communication Technologies in Education." International Journal of Enterprise Information Systems 15, no. 1 (2019): 24–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijeis.2019010102.
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This article explores the influential factors of acceptance of information communication technologies in high educational institutes. using intentions of the mobile educational information system. Based on available adoption models and theories, a research model was proposed and the data from the 250 questionnaires of Chinese students from Chinese and overseas colleges was analyzed by a quantitative method (PLS-SEM method), indicating several factors influencing the use of mobile educational apps. This study was conducted to check the possible changes in these influential factors because some authors pointed out that there might be some possible differences in different countries, fields and types of IT. The results show that student status quo bias will reduce their motivation in using mobile educational apps; their perceived task-technology fit will positively influence their perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use; and students' perceived descriptive norms of using mobile apps will positively affect their adoption intentions. The study verifies the validity of technology acceptance model, the perceived task-technology fit in explaining technology using behavior. Additionally, the study examines the effect of status quo bias and the mechanism of how task-technology fitness, social norms and status quo bias influence adoption intentions. Finally, study inspires some new research points from the perspective of demographic variables. The study will also help educators and designers to understand the antecedents of acceptance of mobile educational system and promote the quality of education.
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Durkin, Mark, Pauric McGowan, and Lisa Murray. "Perspectives on the Potential for Social Media to Improve Communication in Small Business–Bank Relationships." International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Innovation 15, no. 4 (2014): 251–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.5367/ijei.2014.0163.
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Relationships with the small business sector have traditionally been largely neglected by banking institutions. However, as a result of recent turmoil in the world's economy and the ongoing impact of the recession, banks find themselves in a quandary about how best to support those within the small firm sector in times of tight credit. With increasing regulation, market fragmentation and increased competition, banks face real challenges to improve communication and establish profitable and long-term relationships with their small firm clients. Through conceptual modelling and empirical research, this paper explores the small business– bank relationship and examines the extent to which social media may facilitate more effective communication in that relationship. A qualitative research methodology uncovers perceptions of both senior bank executives and small firm owner-managers with respect to the perceived value social media can bring to communication within the small firm–bank relationship. The findings indicate that bankers saw little merit in any communication opportunities afforded by social media, while the owner-managers could see great value in such new media channels for improved communication. Through theoretical modelling, the differences in perception were classified at the levels of context, content and competency. It is concluded that, while social media could add value to the small firm–bank relationship, the medium would be most effective when used in a secondary capacity to personal face-to-face relationship building.
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García-Martínez, José-Antonio, Eduardo-José Fuentes-Abeledo, and Eduardo-Rafael Rodríguez-Machado. "Attitudes towards the Use of ICT in Costa Rican University Students: The Influence of Sex, Academic Performance, and Training in Technology." Sustainability 13, no. 1 (2020): 282. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13010282.
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Information and communication technologies (ICT) are being used more and more as part of teaching processes in both formal and informal settings. In this regard, it is important to understand university students’ attitudes towards using ICT as they will shortly form part of the productive sector of society. The aim of this study was to analyze student attitudes during their final years pursuing various degrees at a university in Costa Rica. We used a non-experimental transactional design and probabilistic sampling that involved 1187 students. We used a questionnaire containing a Likert-type scales to measure attitudes, which was structured according to affective, cognitive, and behavioral components. The results showed positive attitudes in general, with higher scores in the cognitive and behavioral components, and moderate scores in the affective component. In addition, we found differences in attitudes according to sex, prior training in technology, and academic performance.
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Nanayakkara, Janandani, Claire Margerison, and Anthony Worsley. "Teachers' self-efficacy beliefs in teaching food and nutrition subjects in Australian secondary schools." Health Education 121, no. 3 (2021): 311–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/he-01-2021-0003.
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PurposeTeachers play important roles in school food and nutrition education. This study aims to explore Australian teachers' self-efficacy beliefs (i.e. belief in their own capabilities to perform specific teaching tasks) in teaching secondary school food and nutrition-related subjects.Design/methodology/approachTeachers' overall self-efficacy beliefs in teaching these subjects (overall-SEB) and self-efficacy beliefs in teaching different food and nutrition-related topics (topics-SEB) were explored using a survey among 183 teachers in 2017. Principal components analysis derived three overall-SEB components: “Motivation and accommodation of individual differences”, “Classroom management” and “Communication and clarification” and three topics-SEB components: “Food system”, “Food and nutrition information” and “Food preparation”.FindingsOverall, higher percentages of teachers were confident or very confident in the majority of items that loaded on “Classroom management” and “Communication and clarification” compared to “Motivation and accommodation of individual differences”. Moreover, higher percentages of teachers were confident or very confident about items that loaded on “Food and nutrition information” and “Food preparation” compared” to “Food system”. The overall-SEB and topics-SEB were higher among more experienced teachers. There were moderate positive correlations between overall-SEB and topics-SEB components.Originality/valueThe exploration of broader aspects of self-efficacy beliefs related to teaching secondary school food and nutrition-related subjects makes this study unique. The findings highlight that these teachers had high self-efficacy beliefs in teaching food and nutrition education, but there are gaps in tailoring the teaching process to meet the diverse needs of students and teaching broader food-related topics.
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Suh, Taewon, and Jaehun Lee. "Internal audience segmentation and diversity in internal communication." Corporate Communications: An International Journal 21, no. 4 (2016): 450–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ccij-05-2015-0024.
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Purpose Workforce diversity is becoming a crucial matter in the area of internal communication. Realizing that there are multiple brackets within the body of a workforce (i.e. internal audience), the purpose of this paper is to develop an intermediate approach to manage diversity by segmenting the internal audience. Design/methodology/approach Developing a segmentation approach for managing diversity, the authors recommended the use of a few mathematical methodologies, including the expectation-maximization algorithm, partial least squares structural equation model (PLS-SEM) methodology, and Chow test, on a surveyed data set collected from 1,236 nurses of the US healthcare system. A PLS-SEM model, including employees’ mission awareness, management’s mission fulfillment, employees’ mission fulfillment, and turnover intention, was examined with respect to two internal segments. Findings Using a simple set of demographic variables, the authors demonstrated a practical approach to segmenting an internal audience and showed that causal relationships in a nomological network of variables regarding mission integration are significantly different between internal segments. Based on the segmentation approach, the authors proved that managers, in an effort to gain maximum diversity, can mix and match both the centrifugal force of diversity and the centripetal force of diversity to value individuals and for mission integration in their practices, respectively. Research limitations/implications The authors highlighted a practical matter of internal communication by connecting the concepts of diversity and internal audience segmentation. However, the generalizability of the results must be assessed in other settings. Practical implications While managing diversity involves valuing employees as individuals, the segmentation concept can function as a practical and useful intermediate tool for managing diversity. Practitioners can utilize varied sets of segmented variables according to their contexts. Social implications The authors emphasized valuing employees as individuals and developed a managerial way to make personal differences an asset to the productivity of an organization and society. Originality/value Introducing a segmentation approach to internal communication and adopting a set of useful statistical techniques, the authors attempted to develop a unique managing model of diversity. The authors suggested a dynamic and substantial segmentation of an internal audience with a smaller set of appropriate variables in each context.
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Loulou-Baklouti, Salma, and Mohamed Triki. "Preparers’ and users’ perception of intellectual capital information usefulness." Journal of Intellectual Capital 19, no. 3 (2018): 617–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jic-12-2016-0147.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore preparers’ and users’ perception of intellectual capital (IC) usefulness and to examine the significant differences in the usefulness perceptions of IC information and its categories according to sex, age, function, educational level, specialty and professional experience of respondents. Design/methodology/approach This exploratory study drew on a questionnaire survey sent to five groups of preparers and users who were asked to provide their usefulness perception about information on IC and its categories. Findings This paper found that the five preparers and users groups perceive information on IC as well as its three categories as useful for their decision-making purposes. In addition, it concluded that the usefulness perception of IC information does not differ by sex, age, function, educational level and specialty of the respondents, but it differs according to the professional experience. Practical implications To the extent that users perceive IC information as useful, managers are encouraged to disclose more information about this hidden capital in order to improve their transparency. As there are no generally accepted IC reporting guidelines and in order to fill informational gaps between companies and their stakeholders, accounting standards bodies could regulate the IC information disclosure by developing relevant communication standards in accordance with stakeholders’ expectations. They may identify information items that should be considered as a priority by making them mandatory for disclosure purposes, and other items voluntary. Originality/value The paper can be regarded as the first exploratory study to investigate the IC information usefulness from the perspectives of five preparers and users groups in Tunisia, as an example of a developing economy in Africa.
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Bain, Mathew Gabriel, Cheah Whye Lian, and Chang Ching Thon. "Breaking bad news of cancer diagnosis – Perception of the cancer patients in a rural community in Malaysia." South Asian Journal of Cancer 03, no. 02 (2014): 116–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/2278-330x.130447.
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Abstract Context: Breaking of bad news is an important component in the management of cancer patients. Aims: This study aimed to assess the perceptions of breaking bad news of cancer diagnosis. Settings and Design: It was a cross-sectional study using Breaking Bad News Assessment Schedule (BAS) questionnaire on cancer patients in Serian district. Materials and Methods: Using snowballing sampling method, a total of 134 patients were interviewed face-to-face after the consent was obtained from each of the respondents. Statistical Analysis Used: Data was entered and analyzed using SPSS version 19.0. Results: Majority were comfortable with the current method of breaking bad news. The main aspects found to be the areas of concern were the importance of the usage of body language, management of time and identifying patients′ key area of concerns. There were significant difference between sex and "information giving" (P = 0.028) and "general consideration" (P = 0.016) and also between "the age and setting the scene" (P = 0.042). Significant difference was also found between the types of cancer and "the setting of scene" (P = 0.018), "breaking bad news technique" (P = 0.010), "eliciting concerns" (P = 0.003) and "information giving" (P = 0.004). Conclusion: Good and effective communication skill of breaking bad news is vital in the management of cancer patients. As the incidence of new cases of cancer increase every year, breaking of bad news has become a pertinent to the medical professionals′ role. Specific aspects of communication skills based on local characteristics should be more emphasized in the formulation of training for doctors.
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Belkadi, Omayma, Alexandru Vulpe, Yassin Laaziz, and Simona Halunga. "OpenDaylight and OpenNebula integration: Testing traffic management." Telfor Journal 12, no. 2 (2020): 74–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/telfor2002074b.
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Software-Defined Networking (SDN) and Cloud Computing are now two of the most adopted technologies, on which many organizations are working to enhance every day. For instance, SDN is particularly emerging to solve networking complexity in cloud data centers, so we see many attempts to integrate Network and Cloud Managers. In this paper, we address an integration of these two technologies, particularly a yet undiscussed combination of two popular frameworks: OpenNebula and OpenDaylight. These open source solutions are widely used for cloud management and network management, yet there are no developed modules for communication between the two. Therefore, we propose a simple way for OpenDaylight to manage OpenNebula's compute nodes, using a common component they both support: OpenvSwitch. We compared OpenNebula with the popular OpenStack cloud manager, as it is attracting more attention in both academia and industry, by evaluating some relevant time metrics and discussing the differences of the proposed technologies. Then, we deployed a test topology to conduct some traffic management techniques in this integration. Our results show that OpenNebula's deployment time as well as clean-up time is significantly lower than OpenStack, but OpenStack takes less time to the running state, besides proving the simplicity of traffic management in OpenNebula using OpenDaylight.
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Mlekus, Lisa, Agnieszka Paruzel, Dominik Bentler, et al. "Development of a Change Management Instrument for the Implementation of Technologies." Technologies 6, no. 4 (2018): 120. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/technologies6040120.
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The manufacturing industry is increasingly being dominated by information and communication technology, leading to the development of cyber-physical systems. Most existing frameworks on the assessment of such technological advancements see the technology as a solitary system. However, research has shown that other environmental factors like organizational processes or human factors are also affected. Drawing on the sociotechnical systems approach, future technologies could be evaluated using scenarios of digitized work. These scenarios can help classify new technologies and uncover their advantages and constraints in order to provide guidance for the digital development of organizations. We developed an instrument for evaluating scenarios of digitized work on the relevant dimensions ‘technology’, ‘human’ and ‘organization’ and conducted a quantitative study applying this instrument on three different scenarios (N = 24 subject matter experts). Results show that our instrument is capable of measuring technological, human and organizational aspects of technology implementations and detecting differences in the scenarios under investigation. The instrument’s practical value is significant as it enables the user to compare and quantify scenarios and helps companies to decide which technology they should implement.
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Plutsky, Susan, and Barbara A. Wilson. "Writing Across the Curriculum in a College of Business and Economics." Business Communication Quarterly 64, no. 4 (2001): 26–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/108056990106400404.
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A recent study examined how written communication concepts and skills have been integrated into core courses in the College of Business and Economics at California State University, Northridge. Writing-across-the-curriculum programs have met with mixed success. We wanted to see how elements of such a program were working at our university. Through a survey of faculty, we found the pres ence of both formal and informal writing policies, differences in standards for writ ing in upper-division core courses, differences in assignments, differences in assess ment strategies and in the results of such assessments, and, finally, differences in perceptions about whether WAC is a good idea. In general, faculty do provide opportunities for students to write, but many feel students write poorly and thus can handle only easy assignments, and many faculty consider themselves ineffec tive teachers of writing. Based on this study we recommend the implementation of team-taught, interdisciplinary courses; the development of standards for writing and assessment ; and training programs for faculty who want to integrate writing into their courses.
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Milutinovic, Dragana, Verica Milovanovic, Miroslava Pjevic, Mirjana Martinov-Cvejin, and Tomislav Cigic. "Assessment of quality of care in acute postoperative pain management." Vojnosanitetski pregled 66, no. 2 (2009): 156–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/vsp0902156m.
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Background/Aim. Managing of acute postoperative pain should be of great interest for all hospital institutions, as one of the key components of patients satisfaction, which indicates quality, as well as the outcome of treatment. The aim of this study was to assess the quality of nursing care in managing acute postoperative pain and to establish factors which influence patients assessment of the same. Method. The investigation was conducted on the sample of 135 patients hospitalized in surgical clinics of the Clinical Centre of Vojvodina in Novi Sad in the form of cross-sectional study, by interviewing patients during the second postoperative day and collecting sociodemographic variables, type of surgical procedure and applied analgesic therapy which were taken from their medical documentation. The modified questionnaire of the Strategic and Clinical Quality Indicators in Postoperative Pain Management (SCQIPP) was used as the instrument of the investigation. The data were processed with suitable mathematical statistics methods such as multivariate analyses of variance (MANOVA), discriminative and other parametric procedures and methods. Roy's test, Pearson's coefficient contingency (?), multiple correlation coefficient (R) were conducted amongst other invariant procedures. Results. The mean score for the individual items of SCQIPP questionnaire was between 2.0 and 4.7 (scale range 1-5) and the percentage of patients answers 'strongly agree' ranged from 4.4 to 77%. The smallest number of positive answers were given by the patients for the item 'In order to assess pain intensity, some of the staff asked me at least once in the morning, in the afternoon and in the evening to show the number from 0-10'. Most of the patients (57%) evaluated severe pain during the previous 24 hours, as moderate pain, which represents significantly greater number of patients which complain of severe pain and mild pain (p < 0.001). The analysis of patients evaluation (MANOVA p < 0.05 and discriminative p < 0.05) indicates the existence of significant difference between the assessment of nursing care quality in managing acute postoperative pain as regards to clinics as the place for pain management, patient's sex and his expectations. Evaluation from 'communication' subscale gives the greatest contribution (24.9%) to the difference between the observed clinics, and the greatest contribution (25.7%) to the difference in evaluation of nursing care quality as regards to patients' sex has the evaluations from 'procedure' subscale. Conclusion. The results of this study show a useful evidence and identify aspects of nursing care in postoperative management of acute pain which are still to be improved. According to the patients' answers the priority should be given to a regular assessment of the intensity of postoperative pain and evaluation of the effects of analgesic therapy.
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Asokan, R., N. K. Krishna Kumar, Vikas Kumar, and H. R. Ranganath. "Molecular differences in the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I (mtCOI) gene and development of a species-specific marker for onion thrips, Thrips tabaci Lindeman, and melon thrips, T. palmi Karny (Thysanoptera: Thripidae), vectors of tospoviruses (Bunyaviridae)." Bulletin of Entomological Research 97, no. 5 (2007): 461–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007485307005147.
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AbstractA quick and developmental-stage non-limiting method of the identification of vectors of tospoviruses, such as Thrips tabaci and T. palmi, is important in the study of vector transmission, insecticide resistance, biological control, etc. Morphological identification of these thrips vectors is often a stumbling block in the absence of a specialist and limited by polymorphism, sex, stage of development, etc. Molecular identification, on the other hand, is not hampered by the above factors and can easily be followed by a non-specialist with a little training. The mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I (mtCOI) exhibits reliable inter-species variations as compared to the other markers. In this communication, we present the differences in the mtCOI partial sequence of morphologically identified specimens of T. tabaci and T. palmi collected from onion and watermelon, respectively. Species-specific markers, identified in this study, could successfully determine T. tabaci and T. palmi, which corroborated the morphological identification. Phylogenetic analyses showed that both T. tabaci and T. palmi formed different clades as compared to the other NCBI accessions. The implication of these variations in vector efficiency has to be investigated further. The result of this investigation is useful in the quick identification of T. tabaci and T. palmi, a critical factor in understanding the epidemiology of the tospoviruses, their management and also in quarantine.
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Featheringill, Ron, Jean Fuller, and Gayle Vogt. "Native and Nonnative Student Writers." Business Communication Quarterly 59, no. 3 (1996): 29–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/108056999605900305.
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We assert that schools and textbook publishers ineffectively emphasize gram mar. To see if traditional instruction in grammar prepares students for busi ness communication classes and the corporate world, we investigated specific writing skills of both native and nonnative business students. Although most students passed objective grammar and punctuation tests—the two groups showed no statistical differences—some cannot write. High schools, the study found, pass these students. The university also passes writing-deficient stu dents on to employers who must train them. We searched for reasonable solu tions to reduce the number of graduates who lack English skills for the workplace.
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Wirtz, Jochen, Chiara Orsingher, and Hichang Cho. "Engaging customers through online and offline referral reward programs." European Journal of Marketing 53, no. 9 (2019): 1962–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ejm-10-2017-0756.
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Purpose This paper aims to examine the psychological consequences of a customer engagement initiative through referral reward programs (RRPs) in online versus offline environments. Design/methodology/approach The authors conducted a qualitative study followed by a scenario-based experimental study. Findings The authors show that recommenders’ concern about how they are viewed by recommendation recipients (i.e. their metaperception) mediates the effects of incentives on referral likelihood in both offline and online environments. However, metaperception has a stronger effect offline where recommenders show higher impression management concerns compared to online. Furthermore, tie-strength and communication environment moderate the effect of incentives on metaperception. When referrals are made to weak-ties, incentives decrease metaperception favorability offline more than online. For strong-ties, this effect is lower, and it is similar in offline and online environments. Research limitations/implications The study focused on an online versus offline dyadic communication and did not consider the differences among social media. Furthermore, the authors did not consider how other forms of positive metaperception, like being seen as helpful or knowledgeable, could be increased in an online incentivized referral context. It is possible that a recommender thinks others see him as more helpful or knowledgeable online because a lot more useful information and other resources could be offered here compared to offline communications. Practical implications The authors recommend managers to design both online and offline RRPs that minimize metaperception concerns; target strong ties in any communication environment as metaperception concerns are low; and target weak ties online where metaperception concerns are muted. Originality/value This work is the first to examine how recommenders’ psychological responses differ offline and online.
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Roth, Alan T. "Managing Risk Issues vs. Managing Risk: Energy Pipeline Communications & Public Awareness Programs." International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings 2003, no. 1 (2003): 357–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-2003-1-357.
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ABSTRACT The oil and gas pipeline industry is increasingly proficient in responsibly managing operational risks to public and employee safety and the environment. However, all too often we are less competent at managing risk-related issues. Potential consequences of poor risk issues management can include seriously tarnishing corporate reputation, triggering expensive regulatory censure, loss of investor confidence, negative impacts on employee morale and significant new landowner compensation costs, to note just a few. One need only look at recent examples from other industries to see that sometimes the possible outcomes can even be catastrophic: the cost of the Mad Cow Disease issue to the UK beef industry, the effects of the collapses of Enron and WorldCom on the accounting / financial consulting industry and on big business generally, or the massive class action awards against silicon breast implant makers. With respect to our own industry, the Exxon Valdez oil spill that happened 14 years ago is still one of the most commonly-evoked buzzwords of environmental disaster and an enduring symbol of the risks associated with the marine transportation of oil. This paper provides advice and information about understanding the differences between – and making competent use of – the methodologies of risk communication and crisis communication in issues management for oil pipeline companies. The knowledge gained, if applied appropriately, can help steer a pipeline operator / owner away from – or out of – damaging entanglement in a risk management controversy stemming from an incident such as an oil spill.
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Fidélis, Teresa, Ana Rita Rosa, and Rita Albergaria. "Developing an Analytical Framework to Assess the Consistency of Contents and Terminology used by SEA Reports for Similar Types of Plans." Journal of Environmental Assessment Policy and Management 18, no. 04 (2016): 1650024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1464333216500241.
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Environmental reports are important documents within strategic environmental assessment (SEA). They identify, describe and evaluate the likely significant effects on the environment of implementing a plan or programme, playing, therefore, a key role for communication during the consultation and public participation processes. For similar decision-making contexts, environmental reports for the same types of plans should be consistent in terminology to assure a clear understanding by stakeholders of the aims and problems dealt with by SEA. This paper assesses to what extent SEA reports prepared for a similar type of plan and under similar regulations are comparable and how their contents are consistent in terms of structure, methodological approaches, critical sustainability factors and terminology used. To pursue this task an analytical framework is developed to compare a set of SEA reports. The SEA reports used as case study are the nine river basin management plans (RBMPs) prepared in Portugal for the first planning cycle of the Water Framework Directive. These plans must be subject to SEA, following the Portuguese regulations implementing the SEA Directive. The results show a significant similarity in the reports inside the same hydrographic region but relevant diversities among regions. The major differences are related to the methodological approaches and to the SEA terminology used. These differences resulted not from the features of the regions or of the plans, but from the different consulting teams involved in the assessment process. For an exercise undertaken by similar state agencies, under similar planning decision-making contexts and with broadly similar objectives, the disparities in SEA reports may threaten the consistency of the inherent communication process, disturb the credibility of the technical exercise and hinder the overall understanding of SEA by the stakeholders.
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Klijn, Erik-Hans, Jurian Edelenbos, Michiel Kort, and Mark van Twist. "Facing management choices: an analysis of managerial choices in 18 complex environmental public—private partnership projects." International Review of Administrative Sciences 74, no. 2 (2008): 251–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0020852308089905.
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This article looks at how managers in large infrastructure projects in The Netherlands deal with difficult choices, which are labelled dilemmas in this article, in their managerial activities. It presents the results of a survey of 32 managers in 18 complex decision-making projects in which public—private partnerships (PPPs) play an important role. The managers were presented with a number of choices and asked to rate the amount of attention they paid to each of the choices. The article focuses on four (groups of) dilemmas managers face in the inter-organizational context of these processes: (1) interaction with parties, (2) strategic orientation, (3) management style and (4) process dynamics.After a brief elaboration of the role of (network) managers in complex PPP projects and the nature of the dilemmas they face, the four groups of dilemmas are explored by looking at how managers scored on the dilemmas within each group. Conclusions are drawn about managers' perceptions of these dilemmas and the differences between projects. The different choices of dilemmas are then compared with the differences between the scores of the outputs of the projects as perceived by the managers. Finally, general conclusions are drawn about the dilemmas chosen by managers and the consequences of these choices. Points for practioners Pay attention to commitment, goal searching, communication and vertical relations if you want good outcomes in complex environmental projects. Do managers of complex spatial and environmental projects in general choose to open up the decision-making process for stakeholders to enhance support and use the knowledge of stakeholders or do they choose a more closed decision-making process that reduces the number of actors and might speed up the decision-making process? In general, one can see many of these managerial choices between a more project oriented style, that focuses on control, specifying goals, keeping the budget, etc., and a more process oriented style that focuses on activating actors, creating support, or exploring possible content. If we look at the 32 managerial strategies that were researched, there are a few strategies that are positively and strongly correlated to positive perceived outcomes of projects: commitment, goals searching, vertical relationships and communication.
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Kerezoudis, Panagiotis, Mohammed Ali Alvi, Daniel S. Ubl, et al. "The impact of spine disease, relative to cranial disease, on perception of health and care experience: an analysis of 1484 patients in a tertiary center." Journal of Neurosurgery 129, no. 6 (2018): 1630–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2017.7.jns17991.
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OBJECTIVEPatient-reported outcomes have been increasingly mandated by regulators and payers to evaluate hospital and physician performance. The purpose of this study is to delineate the differences in patient-reported experience of hospital care for cranial and spinal operations.METHODSThe authors selected all patients who underwent inpatient, elective cranial or spinal procedures and completed the Hospital Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems (HCAHPS) survey at a single, high-volume, tertiary care institution between October 2012 and September 2015. The association of the surgical procedure and diagnosis with various HCAHPS composite measures, calculated across 9 domains using standard top-box methodology, was investigated. Multivariable logistic regression models were fitted for outcomes that were significant with procedure type and diagnosis group on univariate analysis, adjusting for age, sex, case complexity, overall health rating, and education level.RESULTSA total of 1484 patients met criteria and returned an HCAHPS survey. Overall, patients undergoing a cranial procedure gave top-box (most favorable) scores more often in pain management measure (66.3% vs 59.6%, p = 0.01) compared with those undergoing spine surgery. Furthermore, despite better discharge scores (93.1% vs 87.1%, p < 0.001), spinal patients were less likely to report excellent health (7.4% vs 12.7%). Lastly, patients with a primary diagnosis of brain or spinal tumor compared with those with degenerative spinal disease and those with other neurosurgical diagnoses provided top-box scores more often regarding communication with doctors (82.7% vs 76.4% vs 75.2%, p = 0.04), pain management (71.8% vs 60.9% vs 59.1%, p = 0.002), and global rating (90.4% vs 84.0% vs 87.3%, p = 0.02). On multivariable analysis, spinal patients had significantly lower odds of reporting top-box scores in pain management (OR 0.67, 95% CI 0.52–0.85; p = 0.001), staff responsiveness (OR 0.68, 95% CI 0.53–0.87; p = 0.002), and global rating (OR 0.59, 95% CI 0.42–0.82; p = 0.002), and significantly higher odds of top-box scoring in discharge information (OR 2.15, 95% CI 1.45–3.18; p < 0.001) than cranial patients. Similarly, brain tumor cases were associated with significantly higher odds of top-box scoring in communication with doctors (OR 1.46, 95% CI 1.01–2.12; p = 0.04), pain management (OR 1.81, 95% CI 1.29–2.55; p < 0.001), staff responsiveness (OR 1.88, 95% CI 1.33–2.66; p < 0.001), and global rating (OR 2.00, 95% CI 1.26–3.17; p = 0.003) compared with degenerative spine cases.CONCLUSIONSSignificant differences in patient-reported experience with hospital care exist across different cranial and spine surgery patient populations. Overall, spinal patients, particularly those with degenerative spine disease, rated their health and their hospital experience lower relative to cranial patients. Identifying weaker areas of hospital performance in target populations can stimulate quality initiatives that aim to increase the overall hospital score.
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Carranza, Rocío, Estrella Díaz, David Martín-Consuegra, and Pilar Fernández-Ferrín. "PLS–SEM in business promotion strategies. A multigroup analysis of mobile coupon users using MICOM." Industrial Management & Data Systems 120, no. 12 (2020): 2349–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/imds-12-2019-0726.
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PurposeThe development of Information Systems (IS) and Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) is offering new opportunities for businesses to implement promotion strategies focused on customer attraction and retention. In this sense, mobile coupon usage has increased as a promotion tool, especially in the fast-food sector. However, the use by consumers of these coupons is not homogeneous and it is conditioned by prior experience. Thus, this study aimed to examine variations between Fast Food Restaurant (FFR) customers based on their prior experiences with the use of mobile coupon (expert vs novice users).Design/methodology/approachA sample of 400 fast-food customers was collected using a structured questionnaire. In order to compare the proposed relationships between expert and novice users, a multigroup approach was applied through new, recently proposed evaluation procedures designed for PLS–SEM.FindingsThe results show that the two groups of consumers (expert vs novice users) have notable differences regarding the relationship between perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness. This relationship was the strongest in both groups. However, there are no differences found in other aspects considered as antecedents to mobile coupons usage, for instance, usage intention and attitude.Practical implicationsThis work emphasises the importance of considering differences based on experience between mobile coupon users. Ease of use, perceived consumer utility and increased mobile coupons in apps can be the key to driving effective business strategies based on promotional tactics by FFRs. Likewise, this study can help other researchers in their empirical applications of PLS–SEM analysis.Originality/valueThis study is the first to provide an in-depth analysis of differences based on users' experience with mobile coupons at FFRs. It is innovative in its introduction of the consumer's coupon proneness variable.
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Stateczny, Andrzej, and Pawel Burdziakowski. "Universal Autonomous Control and Management System for Multipurpose Unmanned Surface Vessel." Polish Maritime Research 26, no. 1 (2019): 30–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/pomr-2019-0004.
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Abstract The paper presents design, structure and architecture of the Universal Autonomous Control and Management System (UACAMS) for multipurpose unmanned surface vessel. The system was designed, installed and implemented on the multipurpose platform - unmanned surface vessel named HydroDron. The platform is designed to execute hydrographic survey missions with multi-variant configuration of the survey system (payload?) including multi-beam echo sounder, sonar, LiDAR, automotive radar, photographic and spectral camera systems. The UACAMS designed to provide flexibility that enables to operate on the different kind of surface platform and different type of functional payload. The full system configuration provides all four level of autonomy starting from remotely controlled to full autonomous mission. Each level can be implemented and run depending on user specific requirements. The paper explains the differences between autonomous and automatic mission and shows how the autonomy is implemented into the presented system. The full hardware structural design as well as the software architecture are described. In order to confirm initial assumptions the applied system was tested during four- week sea trials and tuned for a selected vessel to confirm assumptions. In the project, also the original shore control station was designed, produced and tested for the vessel, including specific user controls and radio communication system. Conclusions sum up all crucial points of the design and system implementation process.
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Jones, Stanley E. "Sex differences in touch communication." Western Journal of Speech Communication 50, no. 3 (1986): 227–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10570318609374230.
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Pilař, Ladislav, Tereza Balcarová, and Stanislav Rojík. "Farmers’ Markets: Positive Feelings of Instagram Posts." Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 64, no. 6 (2016): 2095–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun201664062095.
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With increasing consumer requirements, farmers and vendors see the importance of social media as a marketing tool to engage with consumers. In particular, on a more personal level for reasons of brand management. Instagram is becoming increasingly popular as a marketing communication tool. The aim of this paper is to identify areas that users evaluate in terms of positive feelings in connection with farmers’ markets. The results are based on the analysis of the worldwide, and Czech, instagram social network. Instagram posts were identified on the basis of keywords, such as #farmarsketrhy and #farmersmarkets. The results of the study are based on 100,000 contributions on Instagram made by 55,632 users. The analysis contains 1,357,812 ‘unique’ words. The results identified six major areas (1) Healthy (2) Good (3) Great (4) Happy (5) Nice (6) Perfect. An appropriately posted hashtag indicated the positive feelings that were evoked and then assigned to a matching category. The research results are used to identify group characteristics that exert these positive feelings while visiting farmers’ markets. These results can be used to build communications campaigns for farmers’ markets. They can also be used as a basis for further research in defining the behaviour of farmers’ markets visitors, based on cultural differences arising from geographic location.
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Krueger, Stephanie. "LIS Students at a Japanese University Use Smartphones for Social Communication more often than for Educational Purposes." Evidence Based Library and Information Practice 13, no. 3 (2018): 97–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.18438/eblip29412.
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A Review of:
 Lau, K. P., Chiu, D. K. W., Ho, K. K. W., Lo, P., & See-To, E. W. K. (2017). Educational usage of mobile devices: Differences between postgraduate and undergraduate students. The Journal of Academic Librarianship, 43(3), 201-208. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.acalib.2017.03.004
 Abstract
 Objective – To discover how undergraduate (UG) and graduate (G; “postgraduate” [PG] in the original article) students of library and information science (LIS) use mobile devices and to understand preferences and perceived barriers to educational use.
 Design – Survey questionnaire.
 Setting – University in Japan.
 Subjects – Ninety undergraduate students (30 male, 60 female) and 30 graduate students (13 male, 17 female). Nineteen additional recruits were excluded from the study due to incomplete surveys. Almost all subjects (>98%) were born between 1982 and 2002.
 Methods – Subjects were recruited without incentives from one LIS department. An online survey was conducted with the purpose of gathering information on how often devices were used for various activities, perceived barriers to mobile learning (m-learning), and demographic data. The survey was modeled on a 2015 study of LIS students in Hong Kong, Japan, and Taiwan (Ko, Chiu, Lo, & Ho, 2015). The Mann-Whitley U test was used to investigate possible significant differences between UG and G responses.
 Main Results – 94.2% of participants had smartphones with Internet access; both UG and G subjects reported weekly to daily use for social communications (email, short message service [SMS], chat, and social media) and for querying search engines. Both UG and G subjects reported using finance and banking services less than once a month. Other activities (shopping, finding locations, entertainment, sports, tools and productivity software, casual reading, academic reading, accessing reference materials, accessing libraries) for both groups fell within the range of less than once per month to weekly use. Unlike G subjects, UG subjects reported significant (p < 0.05) engagement with social media and marginal (p < 0.10) engagement with accessing libraries, and productivity tools.
 In terms of educational use, neither UG nor G subjects reported daily m-learning behaviors, instead reporting monthly to weekly browsing of online information and social networking sites, with far less (i.e., less than once a month) engagement with professional articles, e-books, learning management platforms, and several other activities (listening to podcasts, viewing videos, “other”). UG subjects reported significant marginal (p < 0.10) engagement with “other” materials, unlike G subjects. Library catalogs and databases were less likely to be used when compared to reference sources, with UG and G subjects reporting monthly or less use for these. When asked if they would use mobile library services, respondents answered “maybe interested if available”, with UG subject reporting significant marginal (p < 0.10) engagement vs. G subjects for several of these services. Regarding productivity activities, both UG and G subjects reported monthly or less use of note taking, word processing, and scheduling tools. For communication and sharing activities, subjects reported monthly or less activity for communicating with classmates, using email for study-related issues, posting to discussions on learning management platforms, posting or commenting about their studies on social networking sites, sending photos or videos to social media, moving document files, and scanning Quick Response (QR) codes. UG subjects were marginally (p < 0.10) more engaged in communicating with classmates than G subjects.
 Barriers to m-learning were not considered “high” barriers, with “low” to “medium” barriers for both UG and G subjects being small screen size, non-mobile format, difficulty typing, challenges with authentication, no Wi-Fi, difficulty reading, lack of specialized apps, and slow loading times.
 Conclusion – This study provides a snapshot of how participants used mobile devices at the time the survey was conducted. Both UG and G subjects used their devices for social communication more than for educational purposes.
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Vrchota, Jaroslav, Monika Maříková, and Petr Řehoř. "Teleworking in small and medium enterprises (SMEs) before the onset of coronavirus crisis in the Czech Republic." Management 25, no. 2 (2020): 151–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.30924/mjcmi.25.2.8.
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Due to the new information and communication technologies, it is now possible to disconnect work from space and time and to take advantage of new ways of organizing work. One of the options is teleworking (TW), currently being implemented throughout Europe due to the condition created by the coronavirus pandemic. The aim of the paper is twofold: (i) to analyse a range of factors (size of the enterprise; foreign owner; written strategy; project-driven enterprise; disabilities; work-life balance; benefits, lack of workers, illness, lower cost, relax at work and comfort; renting space, IT level) influencing the duration of TW implementation in the small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) and (ii) to better define the differences between the SMEs where TW was introduced in a short time, and those introducing it over a longer period. Out of the total of 31 factors, six factors have been proved to have a different impact on the duration of TW implementation (TW implementation due to higher efficiency; monitoring is performed only according to the results; the managers see the disadvantage of TW in its possible misuse; the enterprises use internal TW regulations; the managers see the main advantage as higher operational flexibility; the introduction of TW, due to the balance of work and family life). All together, 44,000 SMEs in the Czech Republic were invited into the research. The data were collected from 1,018 enterprises, with 60% of the enterprises using TW actively; on average, these enterprises have been using it for seven years.
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William Domm, Graeme. "Beyond culture." Corporate Communications: An International Journal 19, no. 4 (2014): 357–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ccij-04-2014-0022.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to explore the practices and outlooks of public relations (PR) and corporate communication practitioners in six countries of South East Asia, through the eyes of practitioners themselves. Design/methodology/approach – The paper draws on the findings of a doctoral research project comprising an online questionnaire sent to 100 active PR and corporate communication practitioners in six countries of South East Asia, attracting 30 responses; and a subsequent series of 14 semi-structured, in-depth face-to-face interviews. While taking some account of a range of theories in formulating questions, the research is primarily inductive in nature, seeking to reveal self-perceptions of the working worlds, worldviews, values and concerns of practitioners themselves. Findings – The project confirms, in the South East Asian context, hypotheses previously advanced by researchers including Sriramesh (2004), Sriramesh and Vercic (2001), Bardhan (2011) and others which assert that distinctive worldviews and local and regional cultures can be significant considerations in understanding the ways that communication strategies are developed and applied in different geographical locations. Going further, the research confirms that local practitioners see other environmental variables including differences in infrastructure, the composition of local languages and a range of other factors which go beyond “attitudes” and “values” as having important impacts as well, and therefore being worthy of more detailed attention by international communication planners and scholars. Research limitations/implications – The research has implications for practitioners seeking to develop effective communication strategies in South East Asian environments. For scholars, the research has implications for better understanding of the significance of a range of environmental variables which may impact the effectiveness of professional practice in the region but which as yet may not be sufficiently recognised by existing theory and case studies. The project has a small sample size, with respondents drawn primarily from the membership of two English-speaking international professional associations. All research was also conducted in English. It may therefore not be fully representative of all practitioners across the region. Practical implications – The findings draw attention to ways that communication strategies might be more successfully developed and applied in particular Association of South East Asian Nations countries, and how professional practice in this region can help to better inform the development of more inclusive, comprehensive and critical “international” PR theory, curriculum and pedagogy. Social implications – The research has social implications in regard to promoting better understanding of the outlooks and influences upon a group of professional people who arguably enjoy disproportionate influence upon the communities and societies in which they operate, by virtue of the work they undertake to explain, persuade and build relationships on behalf of other influential parties. Originality/value – This is the first research project providing extensive first-hand simultaneous insights into the working worlds and personal outlooks of a broad cross-section of corporate communication practitioners across a number of major countries of South East Asia, embracing a comprehensive range of discussion topics.
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Vaske, Jerry J., and Carly C. Sponarski. "The demographics of knowledge, attitudes and emotions toward coyotes." Wildlife Research 48, no. 5 (2021): 426. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr20071.
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Abstract ContextA coyote-caused human fatality in Cape Breton Highlands National Park of Canada (CBHNPC) occurred in 2009. Because CBHNPC is federally protected, rangers have a limited number of management options for dealing with human–coyote conflict. The park initiated the present study to understand the publics’ acceptance of coyotes. AimsThis article examined relationships between each of four independent variables (respondent type (resident vs visitor), sex, age, education) and each of four dependent variables (knowledge, attitude, two emotions) related to coyotes in CBHNPC. Researchers have repeatedly suggested that demographics are related to cognitions and emotions toward wildlife. Managers can use demographic findings to target education campaigns to specific stakeholders. MethodsSurvey data were obtained from (a) residents living around CBHNPC (n=556, response rate=70%), and (b) visitors hiking two popular trails in CBHNPC (n=443, response rate=60%). Key resultsAll four independent variables were related to knowledge. Visitors were more knowledgeable about coyotes than were residents. Females were more knowledgeable than were males. Younger respondents were more knowledgeable than were older individuals. All education categories differed from each other. Findings for the attitude construct were similar. Residents held negative attitudes toward coyotes, whereas visitors were slightly positive. Males and females both held negative attitudes. The youngest age category held a positive attitude, whereas the oldest group was the most negative. Respondents with a high-school degree had a negative attitude; those with a college degree held a positive attitude. For the first emotion concept, residents were more emotional than were visitors. Males were more emotional than were females, and high-school graduates were more emotional than were college graduates. For the second emotion, there were statistical differences between residents and visitors, as well as between males and females. However, age and education were not related to this scenario. ConclusionsAlthough there were statistical differences for 13 of 16 tests, over 80% of the effect sizes were minimal and there were interaction effects among the four demographic variables. ImplicationsFindings highlighted complexities managers should consider when designing communication strategies aimed at influencing stakeholders’ knowledge of and attitudes and emotions toward wildlife.
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Ortiz-Jiménez, Luis, Victoria Figueredo-Canosa, Macarena Castellary López, and María Carmen López Berlanga. "Teachers’ Perceptions of the Use of ICTs in the Educational Response to Students with Disabilities." Sustainability 12, no. 22 (2020): 9446. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12229446.
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The educational response to students with specific needs for educational support associated with disability could not be understood within the current educational landscape without addressing how Information and Communication Technology (ICT) is used within those responses. ICT support is not a matter of fashion or one-off use due to the current circumstances brought about by the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic. Programmes and materials are already being developed to enable such application. Even from the Universal Learning Design approaches, it is precisely the use of technologies in learning processes, with special emphasis on educational inclusion processes, which are a key focus. This study deals with the perception that teachers have of this use of ICT with students with disabilities: How are the resources available to them and how good is their training in this respect? To do this, a section of a questionnaire was used, which forms part of the R + D + I project awarded under a national call in Spain, and which in one of its categories precisely focuses attention on this use of ICT. In turn, this category, according to the confirmatory factor analysis carried out, is subdivided into three subcategories: didactic use, spaces and resources, and finally teacher training. We are also interested in knowing if there are differences of opinion between population groups grouped according to sex, ownership of the education centre and location of the centre (urban, or rural). The results indicate that although there is good use and good preparation of teachers, the level of resources is low and teacher training needs to be reinforced.
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Andrews, Patricia Hayes. "Sex and Gender Differences in Group Communication." Small Group Research 23, no. 1 (1992): 74–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1046496492231005.
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Troisi, A., A. Pasini, and N. Ciani. "Sex differences in human non-verbal communication." Ethology Ecology & Evolution 2, no. 3 (1990): 331. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08927014.1990.9525474.
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Nadler, Lawrence B., and Marjorie Keeshan Nadler. "Perceptions of Sex Differences in Classroom Communication." Women's Studies in Communication 13, no. 1 (1990): 46–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07491409.1990.11089740.
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Mousavi, Mahsa, Mohsen Shahriari, Mehrdad Salehi, and Shahnaz Kohan. "How Is Developing the Sense of Belonging in Iranian Adolescent Girls? A Qualitative Study." Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences 6, no. 5 (2018): 885–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2018.170.
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BACKGROUND: Communicating with adolescents is associated with many challenges for parents and healthcare providers.AIM: This qualitative study was conducted for exploring the sense of belonging in Iranian adolescent girls.METHODS: In this study, deep semi-structured interviews were carried out with 27 adolescent girls, 10 experts, and 10 parents. Purposeful sampling was used and continued until data saturation. The data were coded and categorised through a conventional content analysis method by MAXQDA 10.RESULTS: Three main categories were obtained from the analysis of the participants’ descriptions: "family; a haven of tranquillity", "dominated by peers", and "concerns about differences in gender socialization". According to our results, most of the girls achieved calmness through being emotionally accepted by their families. But this sense of belonging and tranquillity was shaken by their peers’ showing off, in a way that adolescent girls were always struggling to gain acceptance among their peers. Also for fear of being rejected by their peers’ group, they sometimes began to make friends with the opposite sex. Meanwhile, traditional attitudes towards gender roles and adolescent girls' feelings about their lower social participation as compared to that of boys had also led to their concern about differences in gender socialization and a lower sense of community belonging among some adolescent girls.CONCLUSION: Adequate parental education and the proper management of girls’ interactions with the family and society can play an important role in the development of a sense of belonging among adolescent girls.
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MacGeorge, Erina L., Bo Feng, Ginger L. Butler, Jennifer L. Dane, and Stacey A. Passalacqua. "Sex Differences in Goals for Supportive Interactions." Communication Studies 56, no. 1 (2005): 23–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0008957042000332232.
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