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van, Middendorp Sergej. "Embodying metaphors in systems." Thesis, Fielding Graduate University, 2017. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10251093.
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<p> This study explores the role of metaphor in the system design process. It examines the ways in which the metaphors that designers use in design conversations become embodied in the systems that they are creating. It assumes that by making designers aware of their use of metaphor, they can better cope with the complex and dynamic nature of the challenges presented in design in a broadly ecological sense. The study focuses on inviting designers to address the question, <i>“How do our joint improvisations with metaphors become embodied in the systems that we are creating?”</i> </p><p> To create a frame for this collaborative exploration, literatures in system design, metaphor, metaphor in system design, and organizational improvisation are brought in. Design conversations, including reflections on those conversations, from a three-year action research project in which three system designers, including the author of this study, created a new method and a new system with awareness to the role of metaphor in the system design process, are analyzed. The findings show how persistent improvisations with several metaphors in the design process result in those metaphors becoming embodied in the system. Guided by an interpretive analysis of the data and the findings, a review of the literature in Schön’s (1983) reflection-in-action, Schön’s (1963/2011) displacement of concepts, Johnson’s (2007) meaning of the body, and Turbayne’s (1971) metaphor to myth transformation follows. Based on the insights emerging from this review, a model for reflexive reflections-in-interaction with meta-metaphors is created to support system designers in becoming more aware of their use of metaphor. </p><p> The model is tested with three episodes from the action research data. The results of that test suggest that the use of the model could have increased the awareness of the designers in this case study for metaphor as metaphor. It is assumed that this would have increased their capacity to consciously generate the system in a way better fit for its purpose. The study comes full circle by offering three ways to further develop theory, research, and practice to support system designers in consciously embodying metaphors in systems. </p>
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Carver, Jessica Martin. "Tensions and Metaphors in Higher Education Fundraising Profession." TopSCHOLAR®, 2014. http://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/1345.
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This research examined the language used by higher education development professionals, specifically similar and dissimilar tropes and how they shape the perception of those development professionals. By studying these linguistic devices, insight is provided into this particular occupation and the effects these devices have on perceptions and interpretation. The findings in this study could help to produce more skilled communicators in the field and could be used as a framework to study other professional positions. Semi-structured interviews were conducted to gather data from twelve participants, and the data was then analyzed through thematic analysis. Findings revealed the types of metaphors used by higher education fundraisers and if and how they shaped their perceptions of the profession. Findings also showed what contradictions, paradoxes, and ironies are found in the field and if and how they shaped perceptions of the profession. This study applies theoretical aspects of organizational communication to the field of higher education development presenting new data. This study also provides practical implications for those currently in the field to consider.
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Madsen, Mckenzie Joell. "A Q-Method Study of Visual Metaphors in Advertising." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2018. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/6975.
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Visual metaphors in advertising have been researched extensively because of their ability to persuade. However, few studies have investigated why they are persuasive from the perspective of the consumer. The purpose of this study was to identify why viewers are attracted to visual metaphor ads and provide a better understanding of the types of consumers who view them, revealing their subjective opinions and attitudes. Through the use of Q-method, four factors were identified: "Highbrows," who prefer metaphors that are classy and refined, "Connectors," an emotional group that focuses on interpersonal relationships and the relevance of the metaphor to the advertised product, "Executionists," who focus solely on how well the message or idea is executed by the metaphor, and "Logical Agitators," who can appreciate humorous body distortion because they function primarily cognitively. The results show that visual metaphors attract a diverse audience and that consumers of metaphors are much more complex than previous research implies. Advertisers may create more effective visual metaphors by constructing them to appeal to one of the four types.
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Kakar, Akshi. "Teaching analogies and metaphors to enhance communication in interdisciplinary and cross-functional groups." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/42821.
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In interdisciplinary and cross-functional groups and teams, members pool diverse perspectives for the purposes of new product design and innovation, but these different perspectives may cause interruptions in effective communication. This study examines the use of analogies and metaphors as effective communication tools in interdisciplinary group settings.
Analogies and metaphors are an important aspect of our cognitive activities. Communication using analogies and metaphors plays an important role in constructing our knowledge structures. In this study, an instructional tool with group activities has been designed and tested to teach the effective use of analogies and metaphors in interdisciplinary and cross-functional group and team settings. The tool was designed using theories of pedagogy and includes activities for group members. The instructional tool was tested in interdisciplinary group settings. The results from a mixed methods analysis of data the collected are presented as contributions to the research in group communication and analogies and metaphors. The study also identified characteristics of effective analogies that may be used as potential communication tools in interactions between members from different disciplines and functions.<br>Master of Science
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Lopez, Alixandria Gabriela. "The elephant in the room| Examining visual metaphors of Chris Christie in political cartoons." Thesis, California State University, Long Beach, 2015. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1591634.
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<p> New Jersey governor Chris Christie has gained widespread media attention for his aggressive public persona, his involvement in the Bridgegate scandal, and for weighing almost 400 pounds at the beginning of his political career. In this thesis, I conduct a metaphor analysis on political cartoons featuring Christie. By alternately focusing on his weight and his Italian heritage, cartoons utilize body-centric attacks to transform Christie into monsters, inanimate objects, manual laborers, women, and other entities, inextricably tying Christie's politics to his physicality. I argue that Christie's body is heavily gendered throughout the cartoons, reinforcing the conservative masculinist script and hegemonic masculinity. Thus, I end this thesis by exploring how the denigration of Christie's body could prove damaging to Christie's career and aid in the construction of non-normative bodies in the public sphere.</p>
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Alford, Aaron Jacob. "Metaphors of Game and Education in Debate: Rhetorical Analysis of the Metaphors of O'Neill, Davis, and Wells." University of Dayton / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=dayton1533135678832875.
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Herrmann, Andrew F. ""You Have Pipe Bombed our Community": Clashing Metaphors and the Closing of Social Network Site." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2012. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/827.
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Qian, Jingjing. "More Than an Ornament: Intercultural Communication Value of Metaphors from Chinese and English Literature." Scholarly Repository, 2010. http://scholarlyrepository.miami.edu/oa_theses/37.
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Due to China's important status on the global stage, its language and culture have drawn a great deal of attention in academia. Meanwhile, the United States remains a major power, and English continues to be the most widely spoken language in today's world. Exploring intercultural communication among people who speak Chinese and English continues to be an important research area. This study, with its primarily linguistic concern, was designed to focus on a frequently employed figure of speech, metaphor. Based on a comprehensive review of literature on intercultural communication and cognitive linguistics, this research focused on metaphor's cognitive value in order to explore its universal validity. A sample database was generated utilizing metaphorical expressions in classical poetry from Chinese, British, and American literature. An in-depth content analysis was conducted using grounded theory methodology to investigate the common place understanding between Chinese and English cultures. Similarities were achieved among existing patterns of metaphorical expressions from relevant poems. Three primary types of metaphors were found. The first metaphor included abstract concepts projected to concrete concepts. The second metaphor was objects projected to human beings. The third metaphor was objects projected to objects. Two main implications were found based on this research. The primary implication for intercultural communication was related to common ground understanding, adaptation of Chinese immigrants in the United States, and improved international relations. Metaphor's universally cognitive validity constitutes the secondary implication of this study, which contributes to the development of cognitive linguistic theory.
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Stimus, Mirela Camelia. "How Presidents Can Become "Hip" by Using High Definition Metaphors Strategic Communication of Leadership in a Digital Age." Scholar Commons, 2016. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/6402.
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The aim of this interdisciplinary research was to see whether American presidents can reach Millennials more effectively in the digital age while publicly advancing the legislative agenda of their administration. The rationale is that presidents need to gain public support to pressure Congress into passing their legislation; while doing that, they can capture the public’s interest in politics and educate civically the most inattentive audience. To accomplish the task, strategic messaging adequate to digital media is necessary. Millennials appear as having modest interest and knowledge of politics despite their intense presence on digital media. On the other hand, they represent a third of the electorate— also projected to become the most important economic contributors in society — thus constituting an audience that cannot be ignored. Because metaphors are credited with an important role in processing new information and in branding leadership, I propose a category of new metaphors, labeled High Definition (HD) Metaphors that have three characteristics: they concentrate the policy contained in the message, are novel, and are relevant to the targeted audience.
The most important claim is that HD metaphors catch the eye of the audience by increasing the message visibility; the corresponding hypothesis is (H1) Presidential messages containing High Definition Metaphors are more salient than their literal counterparts. Second, I argue that HD metaphors facilitate the understanding of the message as they have a contribution to the acquisition of new information; hence the second hypothesis: (H2) Presidential messages containing High Definition Metaphors produce more political knowledge. Last, I claim that metaphors can influence the audience, by producing more agreement with the message; this is reflected in the third hypothesis: (H3) Presidential messages containing High Definition Metaphors are more persuasive than their literal counterparts.
To test these claims I conducted an experiment with 251 students in a large American university in the southeast, in which two groups were exposed to written, fictitious metaphorical messages sourced by a fictitious president of the U.S. and two groups received the non metaphorical versions of the messages (literal counterparts). One pair of messages was constructed on a topic of high involvement and the other pair on a topic of low involvement, as determined at a previous date.
Statistical analysis indicated that HD Metaphors increase the visibility of the message especially for audiences less interested in the topic. This is a key finding because it suggests that presidents can capture the attention of Millennials who are in general apathetic to the political discourse. On the other hand, HD Metaphors did not produce more political knowledge or more persuasion, in this particular design.
The importance of this study is theoretical and practical. It advances a new concept, High Definition Metaphors that was empirically tested with the power of an experiment; future work can build on these findings by detecting other effects. This research also connects theoretical models and concepts from various disciplines, thus enriching the scholarly understanding of issues that are not satisfied within the boundaries of a single field. Most importantly, this research has applicability to practice by informing presidential communication in the digital era; additionally, it can enhance the external strategic communication of leadership in non- governmental and international organizations since HD Metaphors can be adapted to fit any audiences whose attention is desired.
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Linsley, Dennis E. "Metaphors and Models: Paths to Meaning in Music." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/12113.
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xv, 198 p. : music<br>Music has meaning. But what is the nature and source of meaning, what tools can we use to illuminate meaning in musical analysis, and how can we relate aspects of musical structure to our embodied experience? This dissertation provides some possible answers to these questions by examining the role that metaphors and models play in creating musical meaning. By applying Mark Johnson and Steve Larson's conceptual metaphors for musical motion, Larson's theory of musical forces, perspectives on musical gesture, and a wide variety of models in music analysis, I show how meaning is constructed in selected works by Bach and Schubert.
My approach focuses on our experience of musical motion as a source of expressive meaning. The analysis of two gigue subjects by Bach shows how we create expressive meaning by mapping musical gestures onto physical gestures, and five detailed case studies from Schubert's Winterreise show how the same basic underlying pulse leads to different expressive meanings based on how that pulse maps onto walking motion. One thread that runs through this dissertation is that models play a significant role in creating meaning; this idea is central to my analysis of the prelude from Bach's fourth cello suite.
Questions of meaning are not new to musical discourse; however, claims about meaning often lurk below the surface in many musical analyses. I aim to make the discussion of meaning explicit by laying bare the mechanisms by which meaning is enacted when we engage with music. The view of musical meaning adopted in this study is based on several complementary ideas about meaning in general: meaning is something our minds create, meaning is not fixed, meaning is synonymous with understanding, and meaning emerges from our embodied experience.
Other scholars who address musical meaning (for example, Hatten and Larson) typically adopt a singular approach. Although I do not create a new theory of meaning, I employ numerous converging viewpoints. By using a multi-faceted approach, we are able to choose the best available tools to discuss aspects of our musical experience and relate the expressive meaning of that experience to details of musical structure.<br>Committee in charge: Stephen Rodgers, Chairperson;
Jack Boss, Member;
Lori Kruckenberg, Member;
Steven Larson, Member;
Mark Johnson, Outside Member
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Povozhaev, Lea M. "Addiction Rhetoric: Conceptual Metaphors in Conversational Illness Narratives." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1406720653.
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Reynolds-Dyk, Ashlynn Laura. "The Skinny on Weight Watchers: A Critical Analysis of Weight Watcher's Use of Metaphors." The University of Montana, 2010. http://etd.lib.umt.edu/theses/available/etd-05172010-144028/.
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Founded in 1961, with 1.5 million people from around the world attending meetings every week today, Weight Watchers has become a socially and economically significant weight loss organization with the potential to affect the lives of many people. With that in mind, this study describes and analyzes the rhetorical strategies of Weight Watchers. More specifically, this study depicts the metaphors used by Weight Watchers to describe its 2009 program, the Momentum Program. Which metaphors are used, how those metaphors function to create a reality for dieters, how those metaphors produce and filter meaning, and the actions those metaphors encourage and discourage are discussed. Additionally, the ways in which metaphors are embedded with Western cultures assumptions about obesity and weight loss is discussed. The implications of Weight Watchers use of metaphors to describe the Momentum program are discussed as a rhetorical device that reinforces notions of the docile body, mind/body duality, normalization of the ideal body, and the care of the self. Finally, the implications of the use of mixed or multiple metaphors are discussed as being neither contradictory nor complimentary.
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Palmer-Wackerly, Angela Lynn. "Dancing Around Infertility: The Use of Metaphors in a Complex Medical Situation." The Ohio State University, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1339618848.
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Costandius, Elmarie. "An exploration of the use of African proverbs and metaphors in a visual communication design course." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2007. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_5898_1253841261.
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<p>This study was envisioned to investigate and improve multicultural education in a visual communication design course. It aimed to explore the educational use of proverbs for the benefit of improving multicultural teaching and learning. Proverbs and metaphors are an essential source for the composition of visual narratives. Overall results of this study revealed that, even though proverbs are a significant part of the experience of black African students, the students seldom directly use narratives and proverbs as inspiration for their designs.</p>
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Nothnagel, Ignatius. "Conceptual metaphors in media discourses on AIDS denialism in South Africa." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/1653.
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Thesis (MA (General Linguistics))--University of Stellenbosch, 2009.<br>According to Nattrass (2007:138), the denial and questioning of the science of HIV/AIDS
at government level by, amongst others, Thabo Mbeki (former State President) and Manto
Tshabalala-Msimang (former Minister of Health) resulted in an estimated 343 000
preventable AIDS deaths in South Africa by 2007. Such governmental discourse of AIDS
denialism has been the target of criticism in the media and by activist groups such as the
Treatment Action Campaign. This study investigates the nature of this criticism,
specifically considering the critical use of metaphor in visual texts such as the political
cartoons of Jonathan Shapiro, who works under the pen name of “Zapiro”. The purpose is
to determine whether the nature of the criticism in visual newspaper texts differs from that
of corresponding verbal newspaper texts, possibly providing means of criticism not
available to the verbal mode alone.
A corpus of texts published between August 1999 and December 2007 that topicalise
HIV/AIDS was investigated. This includes 119 cartoons by Zapiro, and 91 verbal articles in
the weekly newspaper Mail & Guardian. The main theoretical approach used in the analyses
is Conceptual Metaphor Theory, developed by Lakoff and Johnson (1981), and its extension
to poetic metaphor, developed by Lakoff and Turner (1989). Because of the socio-political
nature of the problem of HIV/AIDS, the study also draws on Critical Discourse Analysis,
including complementary concepts from Systemic Functional Linguistics.
The study reveals that visual and verbal texts make use of similar sets of conventional
conceptual metaphors at similar frequencies, which confirms the predictions of Conceptual
Metaphor Theory. The study further reveals that the cartoons enrich these metaphors
through four specific mechanisms of poetic metaphor, which the verbal articles do not. This
indicates a significant difference between the two types of texts. Furthermore, it is found
that the use of such poetic metaphors directly contributes to the critical power of the
political cartoons. The study indicates that multi-modality in cartoons, which triggers single
metaphoric mappings, adds a dimension to the critical function of the text that is absent in
the verbal equivalent. The finding that the visual texts enable a form of cognition that is not
available to verbal texts, poses one of the most significant avenues for future research.
Thus, cartoons apparently achieve a type of criticism that is not found, and may not be
possible, in the verbal texts alone. This makes the political cartoon a text type with an
important and unique ability to articulate political criticism.
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Gezgin, Ulas Basar. "Relationship Of Bodily Communication With Cognitive And Personality Variables." Phd thesis, METU, 2006. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12607258/index.pdf.
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Why are there individual differences in people&<br>#8217<br>s bodily communication performance success? Which variables may be responsible for the variation in the performance success? Which analogies would appear to dominate in bodily communication, and in what ways would the metaphorization and metonymization processes operate? In this study, the relationship of bodily communication performance with cognitive and personality variables was investigated. 218 students participated to the first phase of the study while 88 of them participated to the second phase of it. In the first phase, a set of tests was given successively to determine the levels of certain cognitive and personality variables. In the experimental setting, the participants were instructed to communicate certain words one by one nonverbally just as in the &<br>#8216<br>Silent Movie&<br>#8217<br>game. The stability of bodily communication expectancy ratings, the factor structure of bodily communication performance and the frequency of the ways of representation for each word were analyzed. Interrater reliability analysis, third eye analysis and case studies were conducted<br>the unsuccessful representations were described and finally, structural equation modeling results were presented. The theories and research on personality and cognition, metaphors, metonymies, analogies, bodily representations, mind-reading, pragmatics and the notion of relevance were reviewed in the dissertation and after the exposition of the strategies, schemata and scripts employed in the experiments, a model of bodily communication was proposed aiming to integrate the manifold aspects of bodily communication.
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Ostendorff, W. Howard. "Utilizing biblical and client-tailored metaphors to enhance biblical counseling, with particular attention given to forgiveness." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 1991. http://www.tren.com.
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Matthews, Jamie. ""Seeing is believing" : A visual communication approach to Climate Change, through the Extreme Ice Survey." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Institutionen för kultur och lärande, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-29931.
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Communication plays a fundamental role in shaping our understanding of complex issues such as climate change. Too often scientists and journalists complain that the public does not fully comprehend climate change as they cannot see it. Adhering to calls for a need to propel away from media representations of climate change to a focus on more case-specific research, this Master Thesis analyses the aspect of visualisation within climate change communication with a focus on a contemporary example, the Extreme Ice Survey (EIS), as a case-specific study. EIS give a visual voice to our planets changing eco-systems, where an emphasis is placed on visually documenting the adverse effects climate change has on the planets glaciers, through conventional photography and time-lapse photography. Adhering to the need for further studies of visual representations towards the environment this thesis deploys an image analysis to investigate how meaning is framed through the EIS’s photographs and time-lapse videos. A collective reading between the photographs and their accompanying written captions highlighted contradictive frames of beauty and uncertainty. Additionally, as climate change is predominately seen as an abstract entity, a metaphor analysis was also applied to open further frames of thought into more comprehensible understandings. Integrating both still images and moving images into the study provided different results. Time-lapse videos were analysed to open up new developments of seeing and to extract potential frames of unfolding narratives, perspective and time.
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Murray, Mike. "Building perceptions with metaphors : a study of the communication and decision-making behaviour of construction professionals within projects." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.273811.
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Bargagliotti, Vicki Marie. "Content analysis of visual manipulation" and metaphors used in national news magazines during the 1996 presidential elections." Scholarly Commons, 1998. https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/uop_etds/2342.
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This investigation is based upon the old, but popular Chinese Proverb- "one picture is worth more than a thousand words" (Bartlett, 1980, p. 132). This researcher examined presidential campaign photographs in hopes of finding a possible media bias toward political candidates. This study confirmed two previous studies (Moriarty and Popovich, 1991 and Moriarty and Garramone, 1986), which reported that the media does, in fact, attempt to balance the visual coverage of political candidates during a presidential election.
All visuals, including photographs and illustrations from Time, Newsweek and U.S. News & World Report of candidates Bill Clinton and Bob Dole were used for this study. Data from these national news magazines were collected from September 2 (the kick-off after the Labor Day) to November 4 (the weekly edition just prior to the election on November 5).
Moriarty and Garramone ( 1986) developed coding definitions to identify 15 visual attributes of presidential campaign photographs. These attributes include: activity, posture, arms, bands, eyes, expression, interaction, camera angle, portrayal, position, size, props, setting, dress and family association. All visuals were coded as more favorable, less favorable or neutral.
A total of 282 visuals were used in this study. The results concluded that Bill Clinton was in 183 visuals, while Dole was in 99 visuals. If one looks at the sheer number or quantity of the visuals, they would assume that Clinton did out photograph Dole. This assumption would lead one to believe that the media was biased, but in fact, most of the visuals that were coded were "more favorable" to both of the candidates.
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Fugett, Damon I. "Visual metaphors and the construction of meaning: An analysis of Baz Luhrmann's “Romeo + Juliet”." Scholarly Commons, 2004. https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/uop_etds/2748.
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This thesis examines the rhetorical significance of visual metaphors as they occur in film. In particular, it provides a rhetorical analysis of Baz Luhrmann's film William Shakespeare's: Romeo + Juliet . The thesis analyzes how religious visual metaphors construct meaning by creating visual narratives that are just as powerful as spoken or written metaphors. The thesis relies on Gozzi's (1999) three levels of metaphors—surface, deep, and meta-metaphors—for the analysis of visual metaphors surrounding Father Lawrence and images of Christ that appear in Luhrmann's film. The analysis indicates that the visual surface metaphors of Father Lawrence depict a central character that is seedy, weak, and inactive. The visual surface metaphors of the images of Christ depict this religious figure as omnipresent yet impotent. The analysis indicates that the visual deep metaphors of Father Lawrence define this character as infirmed and culpable for the tragedy of the film. The visual deep metaphors of the images of Christ define him as infirmed and confined. Taken together, the surface and deep visual metaphors contribute to the development of a meta-metaphor in Luhrmann's film that depicts the Catholic religion as dark. Ultimately, the visual surface, deep, and meta-metaphors contained in Luhrmann's film contribute to the construction of meaning. They provide reasons for the character's inadequacies, establish narratives that are not part of the literal narrative as presented in Luhrmann's film and Shakespeare's original work, and provide a postmodern religious audience with substantial visual narrative with which they can identify.
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Lybarger, Scott. "Metaphors and media law : conceptualizations of computer-mediated communication in ACLU v. Reno, Shea v. Reno, and Reno v. ACLU /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/8249.
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Young, Kelly M. "Nukespeak and psychic numbing metaphors in the academic texts of defense intellectuals." Virtual Press, 1997. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1048397.
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This study analyzed defense intellectuals' metaphors to determine if the metaphors minimize or ignore the negative effects of nuclear war. The study specifically analyzed 30 texts from Foreign Affairs and Foreign Policy with the metaphorical criticism method. Once the texts were analyzed, the findings suggested that defense intellectuals' metaphors describe nuclear war as ordinary and non-threatening, as a game or relationship. In addition, the study found that the defense intellectuals used metaphors that deflected responsibility for building and using nuclear weapons away from world leaders. The findings also suggested that the defense intellectuals are not numb to the effects of nuclear war, as others claim. Instead, the defense intellectuals' metaphors acted as cognitive blinders that prevented them from discussing the effects of nuclear war. Finally, the study found that each journal's metaphors were aligned with a particular world view of international relations; Foreign Affairs belonged to the realist school of thought, while Foreign Policy belonged to the neo-liberal institutionalist school of thought.<br>Department of Speech Communication
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Tschida, David A. "The Crocodile Hunter, the Jeff Corwin experience, and the construction of nature : examining the narratives and metaphors in television's environmental communication /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 2004. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p3137757.
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Iraqi, Amina. "Communication as a cultural construct at the United Nations Arabic Translation Service." [Tampa, Fla.] : University of South Florida, 2009. http://digital.lib.usf.edu/?e14.2919.
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Hanzén, Maria. "When in Rome, Do as the Romans Do : Proverbs as a Part of EFL Teaching." Thesis, Jönköping University, School of Education and Communication, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-1060.
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<p>This essay was underpinned by the premise that the proverb plays an important role in language teaching as a part of gaining cultural knowledge, metaphorical understanding and communicative competence. The purpose with this essay was to examine whether proverbs are a part of the EFL (English as Foreign Language) teaching in the county of Jönköping, Sweden. The investigation focused on the occurrence of proverbs in eleven textbooks for the English A- and B-courses, and on the attitudes toward using prov-erbs in the teaching among nineteen teachers at seven upper secondary schools. Descriptive methods were used, which combined quantitative and qualitative approaches, i.e. content analysis and close read-ing of the textbooks and a questionnaire answered by the teachers.</p><p>The result showed that proverbs are a small part of the EFL teaching regarding both the textbooks and the use in the classroom by the teachers. Proverbs are mainly used as bases for discussions in the text-books, and by the teachers as expressions to explain, to discuss the meaning and to compare to the Swedish equivalents. There is a positive attitude toward using proverbs and the result showed awareness among the teachers regarding proverbs as a part of the language and the culture as well as for communi-cation. The conclusion of the result was that the knowledge has to increase among educators and text-book authors about how proverbs can be used as effective devices and tools, not only as common ex-pressions, in every area of language teaching.</p>
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Faneer, Musa Khalifa A. "Multimodal e-learning : an empirical study." Thesis, De Montfort University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2086/10890.
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This empirical work aims to investigate the impact of using multimodal communication metaphors on e-learning systems’ usability, overall user experience and affective state. The study proposed a triple evaluation approach to avoid the problem of conventional assessment relying only on usability measurements of efficiency, effectiveness and user satisfactions. Usability in that sense refers only to the functionality and pragmatic side of the product and neglects other aspects of the system. Learning is a cognitive and repetitive task, requiring learners’ attention as well as their interest. Therefore, when delivering content, in addition to the pragmatic functionality, an e-learning system should provide a constructive overall user experience and positive affective state. Doing so will ensure user engagement, facilitate the learning process and increase learners’ performance. The impact of using five different communication metaphors was evaluated in three dimensions using the proposed approach. Within the usability dimension, the evaluation criteria involved measuring system efficiency, effectiveness, user satisfaction and learning performance. Within the user experience dimension, the evaluation criteria involved measuring pragmatic aspects of the user experience, the hedonic aspects of user experience in terms of stimulation as well as identification and the overall system attractiveness. Within the affective state dimension a self-assessments manikin technique was used in conjunction with biofeedback measurements, and users’ valence, arousal and dominance were measured. The study found that system attractiveness and the hedonic user experience had a profound impact on users’ learning performance and attitude toward the tested system. Furthermore, they influenced users’ views and judgement of the system and its usability. The communication metaphors were not equal in their influence within the evaluation criteria. Empirically derived guidelines were produced for the use and integration of these metaphors in e-learning systems. The outcome of the study highlights the need to use the triple evaluation approach in the assessment of e-learning interfaces prior to their release for better adoption and acceptance by end users.
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Alty, James L., and Dimitrios I. Rigas. "Exploring the use of structured musical stimuli to communicate simple diagrams: The role of context." Elsevier, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/4028.
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no<br>The results from previous experiments using structured musical stimuli to communicate coordinate locations within a graphical grid, navigation of an auditory cursor and simple shapes are used as a basis for further exploratory research to communicate diagrams. An experimental framework program (called AudioGraph) provided a platform for investigating musical information processing for blind users. Under this platform, simple arrangements of shapes (forming diagrams) were communicated to users using structured musical stimuli. Meaningfully arranged graphical shapes (at least for the visual sense) were communicated in the absence, and in the presence of a particular perceptual context or different perceptual contexts. The results indicated that perceptual context played an important role in the interpretation of the structured musical stimuli that communicated simple diagrams. The paper concludes with a discussion on the implications of the results, the role of context and the use of structured musical stimuli to communicate graphical information to visually impaired users.
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McClure, Ashley. "Humanizing Technical Communication With Metaphor." Master's thesis, University of Central Florida, 2009. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/3228.
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This thesis explores how metaphors can humanize a technical document and more effectively facilitate user comprehension. The frequent use of metaphor in technical communication reminds us that the discipline is highly creative and rhetorical. Theory demonstrates that a technical text involves interpretation and subjectivity during both its creation by the technical communicator and its application by the user. If employed carefully and skillfully, metaphor can be a powerful tool to ensure users' needs are met during this process. The primary goal of technical communication is to convey information to an audience as clearly and efficiently as possible. Because of the often complex nature of technical content, users are likely to feel alienated, overwhelmed, or simply uninterested if the information presented seems exceedingly unfamiliar or complicated. If users experience any of these reactions, they are inclined to abandon the document, automatically rendering it unsuccessful. I identify metaphor as a means to curtail such an occurrence. Using examples from a variety of technical communication genres, I illustrate how metaphors can humanize a technical document by establishing a strong link between the document and its users.<br>M.A.<br>Department of English<br>Arts and Humanities<br>English MA
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Linkevičiūtė, Vilma. "Lietuvos ir Didžiosios Britanijos vadovų konfliktinės komunikacijos diskursas (1998-2008): retoriniai-kognityviniai ypatumai." Doctoral thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2011. http://vddb.laba.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2011~D_20110621_164452-58815.
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Šios disertacijos tyrimo objektas – kalbinės politinės konfliktinės komunikacijos išraiškos priemonės, būdingos Lietuvos ir Didžiosios Britanijos vadovų politiniame diskurse (1998–2008). Šis tyrimas atskleidžia faktą, jog kalbinės priemonės yra glaudžiai susijusios su kalbančiojo ideologija bei kultūros nulemtomis kalbinėmis praktikomis. Disertacijoje tiriamos tokios kognityvinės lingvistikos sąvokos, kaip konceptualiosios metaforos, domenas, prasmės sritis bei kalbinės priemonės – nominacijos. Žvelgiant iš siauros lingvistikos metodologijos perspektyvos, komparatyvinė analizė ir aprašomasis analitinis metodas naudojami Lietuvos ir Didžiosios Britanijos vadovų konfliktinės komunikacijos diskurso tyrime. Didžiosios Britanijos ir Lietuvos politiniame diskurse isreikštas konfliktas turi bendrų ir skirtingų bruožų. Bendrumą nulemia bendra konfliktinės komunikacijos esmė – politinių jėgų pozicijų ir interesų nesutapimai. Skirtumai remiasi įvairių politinių kultūrų ypatumais. Politinė konkurencija tiek Lietuvoje, tiek Didžiojoje Britanijoje remiasi domenais pokyčiai ir nauda. Tos pačios POLITIKA – TAI KARAS, POLITIKA – TAI KELIONĖ ir VALSTYBĖ – TAI PASTATAS metaforos Šios yra būdingos abiejų šalių politinei komunikacijai. Tačiau Didžiosios Britanijos politiniame gyvenime konfliktinė komunikacija turi ideologinį pobūdį, o Lietuvos vadovų konfliktinės komunikacijos diskurse politinis konfliktas išreikštas ne kaip ideologinis konfliktas.<br>The object of this research is the linguistic means of political conflict communication that are characteristic of the political discourse of the political leaders of Great Britain and Lithuania (1998–¬2008). This dissertation discloses the fact that linguistic means are closely related to the ideology of the speaker and linguistic practices are conditioned by culture. Such cognitive linguistic concepts as conceptual metaphors, domain, meaning field and such linguistic means as nominations are analysed in this dissertation. Looking from the narrow perspective of linguistic methodology, comparative analysis and descriptive-analytical methods are applied in the conflict communication discourse research of the political leaders of Lithuania and Great Britain.
The conflict which is expressed in the political discourse of these countries has both similarities and differences. Resemblance is determined by the general essence of conflict communication, i.e., the discrepancy between positions taken by political forces and interests. Differences are based on the peculiarities of the two political cultures. Political competition in both Lithuania and Great Britain is based on the domains change and benefit. The same POLITICS IS WAR, POLITICS IS A JOURNEY and THE STATE IS A BUILDING conceptual metaphors are characteristic of political communication of both countries. However, conflict communication has an ideological nature in the political life of Great Britain while in the discourse... [to full text]
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O'Donoghue, Josephine Sheila. "Communicating metaphors in Shakespeare, Dickinson and Heaney." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2017. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/269792.
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‘Relevance theory’ is a linguistic theory offering an alternative to the conventional ‘code model’ of communication, by suggesting that inference, rather than coding and decoding, is the primary driving force motivating interpretation. In this thesis, I consider the implications for literary criticism of the relevance theory account of communication, particularly in relation to metaphor, as an enduring concern of both linguistics and literary studies. The thesis focuses on three temporally disparate authors – Shakespeare, Dickinson and Heaney – whose work, analyzed by linguists as well as literary critics, is abundant in metaphor, but might prompt us to think about literary communication in different ways. The Introduction considers the coincidence of the central terms of relevance theory (context, interpretation, inference, intention) with many of the fundamental concerns of literary criticism. Chapter One examines various accounts of metaphor, historical and recent, by literary critics, philosophers and linguists, before offering a brief introduction to relevance theory’s ‘deflationary’ account of metaphor and its implications for literary critical analysis. Chapter Two looks at plays by Shakespeare that are as much concerned with communication as they are representations of it, and considers how relevance theory’s account of the cognitive process of developing new interpretations on the spot, in context, based on expectations of relevance, challenges any straightforward sense of what textual metaphors ‘mean’. Chapter Three explores the striking prominence of the term ‘inference’, fundamental to the relevance theory account of communication, in Dickinson’s poetry. Whilst Dickinson’s ‘definitional’, ‘X is Y’ metaphors appear to facilitate a bridging of the gap between abstractions and the concrete world linguistically, her dependence on inference exposes the bleak uncertainty of that which can only be inferred, whilst nonetheless forging a communicative bond between the poet writing and her multiple audiences. Chapter Four analyzes different figurative forms in Heaney’s poetry, and looks particularly at the relationship between metaphor and simile in light of the relevance theory account. Critical analyses of Heaney’s work often attribute political significance to what are assumed to be metaphors within his poetry, without considering the role played by (perhaps unconscious) interpretative expectations of the kind relevance theory would predict; taking local linguistic context more thoroughly into account might offer a very different perspective on what Heaney is ‘saying’. In conclusion, I review Lakoff and Johnson’s profoundly influential ‘conceptual metaphor theory’ (CMT), and propose that relevance theory’s linguistically-driven account of metaphor in communication needs elements of ‘conceptual’ accounts such as CMT which describe metaphor as a matter of thought as well as language. Metaphor is a tremendously powerful communicative tool, but one to which literary critical analysis cannot do justice without a functioning theory of communication such as that offered by relevance theory.
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Marse, Michael Eugene, and Nicholas Negroponte. "A metaphoric cluster analysis of the rhetoric of digital technology." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2005. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/2928.
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This thesis seeks to identify and explain some technology in order to more fully understand modern communication. This study makes use of metaphoric cluster analysis to examine the technological rhetoric of Nicholas Negroponte.
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Sudarsky-Gleiser, Carina. "Therapists' Experience of Metaphoric Communication in Therapy /." The Ohio State University, 1995. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487931512619277.
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DeRhen, Brian. "Metaphor and Ideology in Economic Discourse." Scholarly Commons, 2017. https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/uop_etds/194.
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Despite the presence of metaphors in American political discourse, little scholarly attention has been paid to the functioning of economic metaphors. This study addresses this shortcoming by examining the use of economic metaphors in contentious argument, while paying attention to how metaphor's linguistic variability derives from the rhetorical nature of discourse, and how the context of conflicting ideologies facilitates clashes between larger political metaphors. After establishing the ubiquity of metaphor in economic policy discourse, this study elaborates on an understanding of a fractured political discourse with an historical model that traces this fracture back to four dominant ideological positions. Finally, rhetorical criticism grounds the research by refining a conceptual theory of metaphor into a methodology that directs attention to more elaborate analogies and extra-discursive narrative elements. The chosen artifact for this study is Bill Clinton’s 2012 Democratic National Convention speech, due to its relevance in contemporary American political and economic discourse. Clinton’s address defended Obama’s incumbent appeal for a second term as U.S. president by concentrating on the aftermath of the 2008 economic crisis as a case study about the philosophical differences between the Democratic and Republican Parties. Clinton constructs a narrative of the American economy by using individualistic progress metaphors that animate a cooperation-conflict dichotomy of Democratic and Republican opposition. In turn, Clinton borrows from and contributes to a set of more broadly salient path metaphors that cohere around a future-oriented and generative conceptualization of Modern Liberal public policy.
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M'Closkey, Kathleen Anne Cross. "Myths, markets and metaphors, Navajo weaving as commodity and communicative form." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1996. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/NQ39284.pdf.
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Bayliss, Lauren. "Metaphor as a Tool for Preparing Sojourners." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/32611.
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Sojourners, or people who live in a foreign country for a limited period of time, must prepare to communicate effectively in a foreign culture. Current theory suggests that sojourners learn to develop primary social interaction schemas to prepare for intercultural communication. Because sojourners may not stay in a country long enough to develop schemas, sojourners could benefit from a tool designed to help them acquire schemas for their host countries. Conceptual and situation metaphors can help sojourners gain useful insights into the cultures they prepare to face. To investigate metaphors that may assist sojourners, international students studying in the United States were interviewed to uncover the metaphors they already used to describe their experiences, as well as to see if new metaphors could be created to assist future sojourners. The conceptual and situation metaphors uncovered are discussed in within the framework of schemas.<br>Master of Arts
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Morgan, Susan Elaine 1967. "Watch your language: Metaphor as a source of available information." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/291481.
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Few studies have attempted to operationalize metaphor or measure its effect on receivers. This thesis suggests that the language used to frame information has a powerful impact on receivers. The experiment following the literature review shows that the use of a {family, plant, biology} metaphor cluster produces significantly greater donations of money to an organization. Better, though nonsignificant, results on other dependent measures were also obtained using the {family, plant, biology} cluster rather than the {war, machine, death} cluster. Theoretical implications and organizational applications of these findings are discussed and new research directions are proposed.
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Villanueva, Borbolla Montserrat. "Understanding nurse practitioner-patient communication : reconceptualizing power and relationships through music metaphor." Thesis, Lethbridge, Alta. : University of Lethbridge, Faculty of Health Sciences, c2012, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10133/3247.
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In nursing literature, power is conceptualized as an object transferred, distributed, controlled or conquered by empowerment. In this management care paradigm, the service of care provides power to achieve the product of health. The socio-philosophical framework proposes power as intra-interpersonal set of relationships. Interdisciplinary collaboration allowed discovering power-and-relationships as inseparable mind-body subunits constituting micro and macro health interactions, through a mixed methods instrumental case study. Control and power mechanisms were revealed analyzing body movements and conversations in Case A-15min- and Case B-16.10min- nurse practitioner-patient videotaped encounters. Catalyzed by a hermeneutical music metaphor this thesis proposes relational healing care. Despite interruptions and disruptive postures, nurse practitioners-patients reverse differentials by sharing potentials in simultaneous connections. Power balance is developed by equitable-inequitable communication. Like diverse related tones, nurse practitioner-patient is an Intermelody solving tension continuum in concordance. Health struggles in that way are nothing to be fixed, but healing cycles to be played.<br>xiv, 436 leaves : ill. ; 29 cm
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Bergman, Clifford W. "Turning ears into eyes capturing the images of the Bible through preaching /." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 1998. http://www.tren.com.
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Sherwood, Matthew Aaron. "An analysis of conceptual metaphor in the professional and academic discourse of technical communication." Texas A&M University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/1483.
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This dissertation explores the ongoing division between technical communication practitioners and academics by examining the conceptual metaphors that underlie their discourse in professional journals and textbooks. Beginning with a demonstration that conceptual metaphor theory as formulated by George Lakoff and Mark Johnson is a viable lens through which to engage in rhetorical (in addition to linguistic) analysis, the dissertation shows that academics and practitioners engage in radically different linguistic behaviors that result from the complex and often conflicting interplay of conceptual metaphors that guide their work. These metaphors carry assumptions about writers, texts, and communication that create covert tensions with the ethical value systems overtly embraced by both practitioners and academics.
Chapter II looks at two professional publications written primarily by technical communicators for an audience of colleagues, and demonstrates that practitioners tend to use metaphors primarily centered around machines and money, objectifying both documents and people and reducing the processes of communication to a series of
abstract mathematical influences. Chapter III looks at two technical communication journals with a more scholarly audience, and argues that academics participate in a much more convoluted conceptual system, embracing humanist language about communication that favors metaphors of human agency, physical presence, and complex social interaction; however, academics also participate in the abstracted, object-oriented metaphors favored by practitioners, leading to a particularly convoluted discourse both advocating and at odds with humanist social values. Chapter IV shows the practical consequences of these conflicting conceptual systems in several widely-used technical communication textbooks, arguing that academics inadvertently perpetuate the division between industry and academy with their tendency to use conceptual metaphors that contradict their social and ethical imperatives. This research suggests that a more detailed linguistic analysis may be a fruitful way of understanding and perhaps addressing the long-standing tensions between academics and practitioners in the field of technical communication.
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Vogelbacher, Stefanie [Herausgeber]. "Scenario Negotiation in Online Debates about the European Union : Analysing Metaphor in Communication." Frankfurt a.M. : Peter Lang GmbH, Internationaler Verlag der Wissenschaften, 2019. http://d-nb.info/119339144X/34.
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Burgermeister-Seger, Anne Elizabeth. "An Analysis of Conceptual Metaphor in Marital Conflict." PDXScholar, 1993. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/4528.
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This thesis investigates metaphoric structure revealed during discussions about conflict, and poses the general question: What conceptual metaphors do married individuals use to structure their marital conflict? Theoretical issues of metaphor analysis and general issues of conflict management are reviewed, providing a background for the study's approach to data collection and analysis. Eight married individuals were interviewed. Interviews were tape recorded. The interview schedule was structured around issues of topic, setting, process, response, and communication of typical, as well as a most recent, marital conflict. More specific probing followed respondents' comments. Using techniques of interpretive analysis, transcripts from the interviews were analyzed for emergent metaphors. Data from the transcripts coalesced around the topics of structural, ontological, and orientational metaphors. Implications for conflict management and marital counseling are discussed. Finally, in view of the study's limitations and strengths, the thesis concludes with suggested directions for future research.
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Jacobs, Bryan. "Coloring regret: emotional prosody as a metaphor for musical composition." Thesis, McGill University, 2008. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=18765.
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Coloring Regret is a musical composition written for 21 musicians, one sound technician, and electronics. This essay is an analysis and description of the compositional tools and methods developed during the compositional process. The piece attempts to explore a relationship between emotional expression in the human voice and emotional expression in music. The inspiration for this work came from current research in emotional prosody which suggests that there are identifiable components to human speech that allow listeners to accurately interpret a speaker's emotional state. Audio files in which actors portray outbursts of emotional energy were analyzed and categorized, then later transcribed for acoustic instruments. An omni-present lament motive suggested a specific path through a previously developed harmonic “gravity” system. The final composition implies a journey from the “Vocal Sound Object World”- with a dramatic vocal, textural, and naturalistic electronic component – to the “Traditional Pitch and Rhythm-based World” dominated by clear rhythms, timbres, and pitches.<br>Coloring Regret est une composition musicale écrite pour 21 musiciens, un technicien du son et électronique. Cet essai est une analyse et description des outils et méthodes de composition développés pendant le processus compositionnel. La pièce tente d'explorer un rapport entre l'expression émotionnelle dans la voix humaine et l'expression émotionnelle en musique. Cette pièce à été inspirée par des recherches récentes en prosodie émotionnelle qui suggèrent que des composantes identifiables de la parole humaine permettent à un auditeur d'interpréter précisément l'état émotionnel d'un locuteur. Des fichiers audio dans lesquels des acteurs illustrent des débordements d'énergie émotionnelle ont été analysés et catégorisés, puis transcrits plus tard pour des instruments acoustiques. Un motif de lamentation omni-présent a suggéré un parcours spécifique à travers un système harmonique 'gravitationnel' développé auparavant. La composition finale implique un périple partant du -Monde des Objets Sonores Vocaux-, avec une composante électronique vocale, texturale et naturaliste dramatique, vers le -Monde Traditionnel du Rythme et des Hauteurs- dominé par des rythmes, timbres et hauteurs clairs.
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Rodgers, Tara. "Synthesizing sound: metaphor in audio-technical discourse and synthesis history." Thesis, McGill University, 2011. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=97090.
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Synthesized sound is ubiquitous in contemporary music and aural environments around the world. Yet, relatively little has been written on its cultural origins and meanings. This dissertation constructs a long history of synthesized sound that examines the century before synthesizers were mass-produced in the 1970s, and attends to ancient and mythic themes that circulate in contemporary audio-technical discourse. Research draws upon archival materials including late-nineteenth and early-twentieth century acoustics texts, and inventors' publications, correspondence, and synthesizer product manuals from the 1940s through the 1970s. As a feminist history of synthesized sound, this project investigates how metaphors in audio-technical discourse are invested with notions of identity and difference. Through analyses of key concepts in the history of synthesized sound, I argue that audio-technical language and representation, which typically stands as neutral, in fact privileges the perspective of an archetypal Western, white, and male subject. I identify two primary metaphors for conceiving electronic sounds that were in use by the early-twentieth century and continue to inform sonic epistemologies: electronic sounds as waves, and electronic sounds as individuals. The wave metaphor, in circulation since ancient times, produces an affective orientation to audio technologies based on a masculinist and colonizing subject position, whereby the generation and control of electronic sound entails the pleasure and danger of navigating and taming unruly waves. The second metaphor took shape over the nineteenth century as sounds, like modern bodies and subjects, came to be understood as individual entities with varying properties to be analyzed and controlled. Notions of sonic individuation and variability emerged in the contexts of Darwinian thought and a cultural fascination with electricity as a kind of animating force. Practices of classifying sounds as individuals, sorted by desirable and undesirable aesthetic variations, were deeply entwined with epistemologies of gender and racial difference in Western philosophy and modern science. Synthesized sound also inherits other histories, including applications of the terms synthesis and synthetic in diverse cultural fields; designs of earlier mechanical and electronic devices; and developments in musical modernism and electronics hobbyist cultures. The long-term and broad perspective on synthesis history adopted in this study aims to challenge received truths in audio-technical discourse and resist the linear and coherent progress narratives often found in histories of technology and new media. This dissertation aims to make important contributions to fields of sound and media studies, which can benefit from feminist contributions generally and elaboration on forms and meanings of synthesis technologies specifically. Also, feminist scholars have extensively theorized visual cultures and technologies, with few extended investigations of sound and audio technologies. This project also aims to open up new directions in a field of feminist sound studies by historicizing notions of identity and difference in audio-technical discourse, and claiming the usefulness of sound to feminist thought.<br>Le son synthétique est omniprésent dans la musique contemporaine et dans l'environnement sonore à l'échelle mondiale. Cependant, on a relativement peu écrit sur sa signification ou sur ses origines culturelles. Cette thèse construit une longue histoire du son synthétique au cours du siècle avant que ne soit massivement introduit le synthétiseur dans les années 1970; et s'attache aux thèmes anciens et mythiques qui émanent dans le discours contemporain de la technique audio. Cette recherche s'appuie sur des documents d'archives, y compris ceux de la fin du xixe siècle et du début du xxe siècle, comprenant des textes acoustiques, des publications d'inventeurs, de la correspondance ou des manuels d'utilisation des synthétiseurs à partir des années 1940 jusqu'aux années 1970.En tant que récit féministe du son synthétique, ce projet étudie comment les métaphores dans le discours de la technique audio sont porteuses de notions d'identité et de différence. À travers l'analyse de concepts clés de l'histoire du son synthétique, j'affirme que le langage de la technique audio et sa représentation, qui passe habituellement pour neutre, privilégie en fait la perspective masculine, archétypale du sujet blanc occidental. J'identifie deux métaphores primaires pour la conception des sons électroniques qui ont été utilisés à l'aube du xxe siècle et qui contribuent sans cesse à une épistémologie du son: des sons électroniques comme des vagues et les sons électroniques en tant qu'individus. La métaphore des vagues, en circulation depuis l'aube des temps, est productrice d'un affect aux technologies audio, typiquement basé sur un point de vue masculin et colonisateur; où la création et le contrôle du son électronique entraîne le plaisir et le danger propre à la navigation sur une mer houleuse. La seconde métaphore a pris forme au cours du xixe siècle au moment où les sons, comme des organismes vivants modernes, sujets, se sont vus interprétés comme de véritables entités individuelles aux propriétés variables pouvant faire l'objet d'analyse et de contrôle. Les notions d'individuation et de variabilité sonore émergèrent dans le contexte d'une pensée Darwinienne, alors qu'une fascination culturelle pour l'électricité vue comme une sorte de puissance immuable, se forgeait. Les méthodes de classification des sons en tant qu'individus, triés en fonction de variations esthétiques désirables ou indésirables, ont été intimement liées aux épistémologies du sexe et de la différence raciale dans la philosophie occidentale et dans les sciences modernes. Le son électronique est aussi l'héritier d'autres histoires, incluant les usages de notions telles que synthèse ou synthétique dans divers champs culturels; le design des premiers dispositifs mécaniques et électroniques, ou encore l'évolution de la modernité musicale et le développement d'un public amateur de culture électronique. La perspective à long terme et le large spectre sur l'histoire de la synthèse musicale adoptée dans cette étude vise à contester les vérités reçues dans le discours ambiant de la technique audio et à résister à la progression d'histoires linéaires et cohérentes qu'on trouve encore trop souvent dans l'histoire de la technologie et des nouveaux médias. Cette thèse contribue d'une façon importante au domaine des études en son et médias, qui pourraient à leur tour bénéficier d'un apport féministe en général et plus spécifiquement de l'élaboration des formes et des significations des technologies de la synthèse musicale. En outre, si les universitaires féministes ont largement théorisé les nouvelles cultures technologiques ou visuelles, peu d'entre elles ont exploré le son et les techniques audio. Ce projet veut ouvrir de nouvelles voies dans un domaine d'études féministes du son dans une perspective historienne avec des notions d'identité et de différence dans le discours de la technique audio, tout en clamant l'utilité du son à une pensée féministe.
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Fillion, Jennifer Mary. "Metaphor Use in Interpersonal Communication of Body Perception in the Context of Breast Cancer." PDXScholar, 2013. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/1014.
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Female breast cancer patients are often confused, frustrated, and devastated by changes occurring in their bodies and the treatment process. Many women express frustration and concern with the inability to know what the next phases of their life will bring. Previous research also states that many women struggle to communicate with others about treatment as well as side effects. This research examined how woman are use metaphors to describe their experience with breast cancer, specifically throughout the treatment period related to body image struggles. I qualitatively conducted interviews with women who were either currently in treatment or just finishing. My interview questions related to their uncertainties, as well as the changes occurring to their bodies. After conducting the interviews I transcribed the conversations and coded for specific metaphors. The results were consistent with previous research, in that that the interviewees used at least four major metaphors to describe what they are going through. The four most prominent metaphors were (1) journey, (2) game, (3) struggle/fight, (4) grasping. The findings could benefit patients, nurses, physicians as well as family and friends to reduce stress and help with coping. The findings may also help female patients struggling with identity issues due to lumpectomies or mastectomies. Understanding how patients comprehend the disease can ultimately help others to understand and hopefully reduce some of the concerns of all those involved in such situations.
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Oliveira, Luciana David de. "Signos e Metáforas na Comunicação da Música." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2007. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/4891.
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Previous issue date: 2007-05-14<br>The key questions that triggered this research were: does music communicate anything? what does it communicate? is that communication metaphorical? The communication theme in music, which is a non-verbal language and, perhaps, the most intransitive of the arts through its evident independence in relation to the factic world and intense vagueness of its object, will be approached in this dissertation having Peirce s Semiotics as a tool, not only for epistemological support, but, also, to represent the theoretical kernel of the phenomenon of communication.
In the first chapter we will present a synthesis of the evolution of musical language, seen through the history of music and through Semiotics, highlighting the application of this science to music. In the second chapter, with the help of José Luiz Martinez, Ivo Assad Ibri and Lucia Santaella, we will delve into Peirce s Semiotics with the aim of placing it in the context of Peirce s larger theoretical edifice, proceeding to its subsequent application to the object of research, encompassing the identification of the kinds of signs, objects and interpretants in the music millieu. In the third chapter, with the aid of theoretical tools honed by Ivo Ibri and Carl Hausman, emphasis will be given to the question of the object of music and its iconic, polissemic and metaphorical character, under a more philosophical viewpoint, with the intention of understanding, through Peirce s categorical symmetry, how the dynamical object originates in the mind of the listener through the use of metaphors. These, being third of firstness signs, supply meaning to music, besides being fundamental to close the semiotic triad sign-object-interpretant. In the last chapter, Peirce s Semiotics will consubstantiate a semiotic analysis of Heitor Villa-Lobos Bachianas Brasileiras # 4 , whose choice derived from the fact that this music piece is a metaphorical sign both in Bach s opus and in Brazilian music, something that makes the understanding of the metaphor a lot easier, that is, in the light of the theoretical system previously exposed, as being a relation of meanings that merge in the mind of the interpretant, thus producing something new. All this research work and the subsequent application of the theories makes one realize how much music communicates through the action of signs and the creation of metaphors<br>A proposta inicial para esta pesquisa partiu das seguintes questões: A música comunica algo? O que ela comunica? Essa comunicação é metafórica? O tema da comunicação na música, que é linguagem não-verbal e, talvez, a mais intransitiva das artes por sua evidente independência em relação ao mundo fático e intensa vagueza de seu objeto, será abordado nesta dissertação tendo como instrumento de análise a Semiótica de Charles Sanders Peirce, não apenas por constituir sustentação epistemológica, mas, também, por representar o cerne teórico do fenômeno da comunicação.
No primeiro capítulo desse trabalho buscamos apresentar uma síntese da evolução da linguagem musical, vista pela história da música e pela Semiótica, destacando-se a aplicação desta ciência à música. No segundo capítulo, com o auxílio de autores como José Luiz Martinez, Ivo Assad Ibri e Lucia Santaella, aprofundamos o a Semiótica peirciana, com o intuito de situá-la no contexto do arcabouço teórico de Peirce, procedendo à sua subseqüente aplicação ao objeto de pesquisa, abrangendo identificação dos tipos de signos, objetos e interpretantes no âmbito da música. No terceiro capítulo, adotando como instrumental teórico os autores Ivo Assad Ibri e Carl Hausman, se deu ênfase à questão do objeto da música e seu caráter icônico, polissêmico e metafórico, sob um ângulo mais filosófico, com a intenção de compreender, por meio da simetria categorial de Peirce, como se cria o objeto dinâmico na mente do ouvinte mediante a utilização das metáforas. As metáforas, que são signos de terceira primeiridade, proporcionam significados para a música, além de serem fundamentais para o fechamento da tríade semiótica signo-objeto-interpretante. No último capítulo, a Semiótica de Peirce consubstanciou uma análise semiótica das Bachianas Brasileiras nº 4 , de Heitor Villa-Lobos, cuja escolha decorreu de ser essa peça musical um signo metafórico da obra de Bach e da música brasileira, o que facilitou, e muito, a compreensão da metáfora, à luz do sistema teórico previamente exposto, como sendo uma relação de significados que se fundem na mente interpretante, criando-se algo novo. Todo esse trabalho de pesquisa e aplicação das teorias fez perceber o quanto a música comunica, por meio da ação dos signos e da criação das metáforas
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Kotze, H. B. (Hendrik Benjamin). "Davidson on metaphor and conceptual schemes." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/51670.
Full textAbstract:
Compilation of two papers, the first of which was accepted for publication in the South African Journal of Philosophy in the second half of 2001.<br>Why metaphors have no meaning : considering metaphoric meaning in Davidson. -- Bare idea of a conceptual scheme : relativism, intercultural communication and Davidson.<br>Thesis (MA)--Stellenbosch University, 2000.<br>ENGLISH ABSTRACT: WHY METAPHORS HAVE NO MEANING:
CONSIDERING METAPHORIC MEANING IN DAVIDSON
Since the publication of Donald Davidson's essay 'What Metaphors Mean' (1984c) - in which
he famously asserts that metaphor has no meaning - the views expressed in it have mostly
met with criticism: prominently from Mary Hesse and Max Black. This article attempts to
explain Davidson's surprise-move regarding metaphor by relating it to elements in the rest of
his work in semantics, such as the principle of compositionality, radical interpretation and the
principle of charity. I conclude that Davidson's views on metaphor are not only consistent
with his semantic theory generally, but that his semantics also depend on these insights.
Eventually, the debate regarding Davidson's views on metaphor should be conducted on the
level of his views on the nature of semantics, the relationship between language and the world
and the possibility of there existing something like conceptual schemes.<br>ENGLISH ABSTRACT: THE BARE IDEA OF A CONCEPTUAL SCHEME:
RELATIVISM, INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATION AND DAVIDSON
Donald Davidson's paper 'On the Very Idea of a Conceptual Scheme' ('OVICS') has
become famous for the refutation accomplished in it of conceptual relativism. Via an
argument that, essentially, all languages are intertranslatable, Davidson rejects the notion
that different conceptual schemes can inhere in the supposed 'un-translatable' languages
said to exist by, for instance, Whorf and Kuhn. Critics of Davidson's position have mainly
focussed on practical issues, with many holding that his arguments in 'OVICS' ignore the
realities of the real intercultural communication situation. In the present paper, I address
criticisms of this sort. Davidson's arguments are reconstructed, with attention being paid to
their dependence on the idea of practical application in the real intercommunication
situation. With the aid of practical examples, the implications of elements of Davidson's
philsophy of interpretation for intercultural communication are evaluated. Finally, radical
interpretation is presented as a better model for intercultural dialogue than linguistically
relativist ones.<br>AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: WHY METAPHORS HAVE NO MEANING:
CONSIDERING METAPHORIC MEANING IN DAVIDSON
Sedert die publikasie van Donald Davidson se opstel 'What Metaphors Mean' (1984c) -
waarin hy die berugte stelling maak dat metafoor geen betekenis het nie - is sy sieninge
meestal begroet met kritiek, ook van prominente figure soos Mary Hesse en Max Black.
Hierdie artikel poog om 'n verduideliking te vind vir Davidson se verassende skuif aangaande
metafoor, deur sy sieninge hieroor te kontekstualiseer teen die agtergrond van elemente uit die
res van sy werk in semantiek, soos die beginsel van komposisionaliteit, radikale interpretasie
en die beginsel van rasionele akkomodasie ('charity'). Ek kom tot die gevolgtrekking dat
Davidson se sieninge aangaande metafoor nie slegs naatloos aansluit by sy algemene sieninge
aangaande semantiek nie, maar dat die res van sy semantiese teorie ook afhang van sy
sieninge aangaande metafoor. Uiteindelik behoort die debat rakende Davidson se sieninge
aangaande metafoor gevoer te word op die vlak van die aard van semantiek, die verhouding
tussen taal en die werklikheid en die moontlike bestaan van konseptueie skemas.<br>AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: THE BARE IDEA OF A CONCEPTUAL SCHEME:
RELATIVISM, INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATION AND DAVIDSON
Donald Davidson se artikel 'On the Very Idea of a Conceptual Scheme' het beroemdheid
verwerf as teenargument vir die idee van konseptuele relativisme. By wyse van 'n
argument dat alle tale in beginsel vertaalbaar is, verwerp Davidson die idee dat verskillende
konseptueie skemas kan skuilgaan in die veronderstelde 'onvertaalbare' tale waarvan daar
sprake is by byvoorbeeld Whorf en Kuhn. Kritici van Davidson se posisie beperk hul
hoofsaaklik tot praktiese besware en 'n vername aanklag teen Davidson is dat hy die
realiteite misken van werklike interkulturele gesprek. In hierdie artikel spreek ek sodanige
kritiek aan. Ek herkonstrueer Davidson se argumente en voer aan dat dit deurgaans
afhanklik is van die idee van toepassing in 'n praktiese situasie van interkulturele dialoog.
By wyse van praktiese voorbeelde evalueer ek die implikasies van Davidson se filosofie
van interpretasie vir interkulturele kommunikasie. Laastens bied ek radikale interpretasie
aan as 'n beter model vir interkulturele dialoog as linguisties relativistiese modelle.
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Keltner, Kathy A. "FROM MYTH TO METAPHOR TO MEMORY: A RHETORICAL ANALYSIS OF TELEVISED REPRESENTATIONS OF PROJECT APOLLO, 1968-2004." Ohio : Ohio University, 2007. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou1177848776.
Full text
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Herrmann, Andrew F. "Power, Metaphor, and the Closing of a Social Networking Site." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2016. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/747.
Full textAbstract:
This project expands root-metaphor analysis by examining the closure of a once popular social networking site, advancing critical interrogation of ownership vs. the idea of online spaces as “communities.” Yahoo! 360° participants used private sphere root-metaphors of home, family, and community constituting a space of intimacy, camaraderie, and care. The closing exposed previously unseen power differentials between participants and Yahoo! Participants reacted by using the metaphor of war and violence to frame the actions of Yahoo!
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Barlow, Thomas R. Linville Malcolm E. "Language, metaphors, and images utilized in describing and communicating workplace motivational practices in the entrepreneurial environment." Diss., UMK access, 2004.
Find full textAbstract:
Thesis (Ph. D.)--School of Education and Henry W. Bloch School of Business and Public Administration. University of Missouri--Kansas City, 2004.<br>"A dissertation in education and public affairs and administration." Advisor: Malcolm Linville. Typescript. Vita. Description based on contents viewed Nov. 13, 2007; title from "catalog record" of the print edition. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 154-166). Online version of the print edition.